Surfaces Overview

Surfaces are a type of geometry with zero thickness. To create surfaces, you use many of the same methods used to create solids, such as extrudes, revolves, and sweeps. Surfaces also use other functions or features such as trim, untrim, extend, and knit. Surfaces have advantages over solids. They are more flexible than solids because you do not have to define the boundaries between the surfaces until the final steps of the design. This flexibility helps product designers work with smooth, extended curves such as those used in automobile fenders or telephone housings. In this lesson, you start with an existing sketch composed of lines, arcs, splines, and sketch points. Then you apply the following surface features to create a nozzle:

lofts sweeps knits fills

planar revolve move/copy

trim extend untrim thicken

Existing sketch Next

Finished nozzle

Lofted Surface - Creating the Base

First, create the base for the nozzle using a surface loft between two arcs. Surface lofts include the same options as solid lofts. You can specify Start/End Tangency types, use Guide Curves, and so on. Click here Open Nozzle.sldprt, or browse to <install_dir>\samples\tutorial\surfaces\nozzle.sldprt.

For clarity, many images display only the sketches relevant to that procedure. 1. Click Lofted Surface on the Surfaces toolbar. in the PropertyManager.

2. Select Sketch2 and Sketch3 for Profiles

3. Under Start/End Constraints:

Select Normal to Profile in Start constraint and End constraint. Set Start Tangent Length and End Tangent Length to 0.50. .

4. Click OK

Next

Swept Surface - Creating the Handle

With the Swept Surface tool, create the nozzle grip. To define the finger hold of the grip, include a guide curve in the surface sweep. 1. Click Swept Surface 2. Select Sketch6 for Profile 3. Select Sketch4 for Path 4. Under Guide Curves:

on the Surfaces toolbar. in the PropertyManager. .

Select Sketch 5 for Guide Curves Select Merge smooth faces.

5. Under Options, clear Merge tangent faces. 6. Click OK .

Next

Swept Surface - Creating the Exit Nozzle

Create another swept surface for the exit nozzle. 1. Click Swept Surface 2. Select Sketch 9 for Profile 3. Select Sketch 7 for Path 4. Under Guide Curves:

on the Surfaces toolbar. in the PropertyManager. .

Select Sketch 8 for Guide Curves Select Merge smooth faces.

5. Click OK

Next

Split Lines - Dividing the Exit Nozzle

The Split Line tool divides a face into multiple faces. This allows you to connect the base, the grip, and the exit nozzle with surface lofts. First, split the exit nozzle. 1. Click Split Line on the Curves toolbar.

2. In the PropertyManager, under Type of Split, select Projection. 3. Under Selections:

Select Sketch 10 for Sketch to Project

. .

Select the face of the exit nozzle for Faces to Split

4. Click OK

Next

Split Lines - Dividing the Base

Next, split the base. 1. Click Split Line on the Curves toolbar.

2. In the PropertyManager, under Type of Split, select Projection. 3. Under Selections:

Select Sketch 11 for Sketch to Project Click in Faces to Split

, and select the face of the base.

4. Click OK

Next

Lofted Surface - Surface Bodies

Connect the three surface bodies using surface lofts. First, connect the exit nozzle to the grip. 1. Click Lofted Surface on the Surfaces toolbar.

2. Select the top segment edge of the exit nozzle (created by the split feature), and the grip for Profiles in the PropertyManager.

If the profile for the loft is twisted , adjust the connector . 3. Under Start/End Constraints, select Tangency To Face for Start constraint and End constraint. 4. Under Options, select Merge tangent faces.

5. Click OK

Next

Lofted Surface - Surface Bodies (continued)

Next, connect the base to the grip. 1. Click Lofted Surface on the Surfaces toolbar. in the PropertyManager.

2. Select the edges on the base and the grip for Profiles

Check the preview. If the profile is twisted, adjust the connector . 3. Under Start/End Constraints:

Select Tangency to Face for Start constraint and End constraint. Set Start Tangent Length to 3, and End Tangent Length to 7. Apply the value of 7 to the side near the grip.

4. Under Options, select Merge tangent faces. 5. Click OK .

Next

Lofted Surface - Surface Bodies (continued)

Finally, connect the base to the exit nozzle. 1. Click Lofted Surface on the Surfaces toolbar. in the PropertyManager.

2. Select the edges on the base and the exit nozzle for Profiles

If the profile is twisted, adjust the connector . 3. Under Start/End Constraints, select Tangency to Face for Start constraint and End constraint. 4. Under Options, select Merge tangent faces. 5. Click OK .

6. Save model as nozzle_01.sldprt. Next

Knit Surface - Joining the Base Entities

Join the surfaces you created with lofts and sweeps using the knit command. Knitting surfaces combines two or more adjacent surface bodies into one. 1. Click Knit Surface 2. Expand Surface Bodies on the Surfaces toolbar. in the FeatureManager design tree. .

3. Select all the surface bodies in the folder for Surfaces and Faces to Knit 4. Click OK . folder now holds a single surface body.

The Surface Bodies

Knit Surface does not change the appearance of the model. Next

Filled Surface - Enclosing an Open Area

Fill each side of the area enclosed between the base, the grip, and the exit nozzle using the Filled Surface tool. To manipulate the curvature of the surface, use a sketch point to constrain the curve. Constraint Curves allow you to add slope control to the patch. 1. Click Back to display the model in profile. on the Surfaces toolbar.

2. Click Filled Surface

3. Select an edge, right-click and choose Select Open Loop for Patch Boundaries PropertyManager.

in the

Select Open Loop finds all the edges in a closed loop, creating the surface fill.

4. Under Edge settings:

Clear Preview Mesh to display only the preview. Select Tangent in Curvature Control. Select Apply to all edges. Why did I do this?

5. Click in Constraint Curves

, and select Pull Point1.

6. Click OK

Next

Filled Surface - Enclosing an Open Area (continued)

1. Click Front to display the model in profile. on the Surfaces toolbar. in the

2. Click Filled Surface

3. Select an edge, right-click and choose Select Open Loop for Patch Boundaries PropertyManager.

Select an edge 4. Under Edge settings:

Select Open Loop

Select Tangent in Curvature Control. Select Apply to all edges. , and select Pull Point2.

5. Click in Constraint Curves

6. Click OK

Next

Planar Surface
Apply a planar surface to close the openings on the grip and the exit nozzle. 1. Click Planar Surface . 2. Select the edge on the exit nozzle for Bounding in the Entities PropertyManager. 3. Click OK 1. Click Planar Surface . 2. Select an edge on the grip for Bounding Entities in the PropertyManager, right.

click and choose Select Open Loop. The four sketch entities on the grip are selected. 3. Click OK Next .

Knit Surface - Joining the New Entities

Knit all the surfaces into a single entity. 1. Click Knit Surface 2. Expand Surface Bodies on the Surfaces toolbar. in the FeatureManager design tree. .

3. Select all the surface bodies in the folder for Surfaces and Faces to Knit 3. Click OK . folder now holds a single surface body.

The Surface Bodies

4. Save the model. Next

Revolved Surface
Use the Revolved Surface tool to create a surface that extends the nozzle base. 1. Select Sketch13 in the FeatureManager design tree.

2. Click Revolved Surface

on the Surfaces toolbar.

3. In the PropertyManager, under Revolved Parameters:

Select One Direction in Revolve Type. Set Angle to 360.

4. Click OK Next

Move/Copy Bodies - Moving a Surface

Move the revolved surface, and position it below the existing nozzle base with the Move/Copy Bodies tool. This tool moves, rotates, or copies bodies and surfaces, and places the bodies in any position using coordinates. 1. Click Move/Copy Bodies on the Features toolbar.

2. Expand Surface Bodies

in the FeatureManager design tree. in the

3. Select Surface-Revolve1 for Solid and Surface or Graphic Bodies to Move/Copy PropertyManager.

4. Under Translate, set Delta Y to -6.35 to move the surface body down. 5. Click OK .

Next

Trim Surface - Removing Surfaces

Use the Mutual option of the Trim Surface tool to remove extraneous faces. The Mutual option uses multiple surfaces as mutual trim tools. 1. Click Trim Surface on the Surfaces toolbar.

2. In the PropertyManager, under Trim Type, select Mutual. 3. Select Surface-Knit2 and Body-Move/Copy1 in the graphics area for Trimming Surfaces .

Surface-Knit2

Body-Move/Copy1

4. Select Remove selections. 5. Click Pieces to Remove .

The pointer changes to Next

Trim Surface - Removing Surfaces (continued)

6. Select the faces shown in the graphics area. You can select the faces for Pieces to Remove in any order. The list that appears in Pieces to Remove is based on your selection order, not on the entity you select.

Surface-Knit2 Trim1

Body-Move/Copy1 Trim1 7. Click OK .

Before Next

After

Extruded Surface - Creating a Trim Tool

With the Extruded Surface tool, create a trim tool at the base of the nozzle. Trimming the surface creates the first notch at the nozzle base. For clarity, switch the display to Hidden Lines Visible 1. Select Sketch14. .

2. Click Extruded Surface 3. Under Direction 1:

on the Surfaces toolbar.

Select Mid Plane in End Condition. Set Depth to 140.

4. Click OK Next

Move/Copy Bodies - Copying a Body

To create a second, intersecting trim tool, move and copy the surface extrude you created in the previous step. 1. Click Move/Copy Bodies on the Features toolbar. , and select Surface-Extrude1.

2. In the FeatureManager design tree, expand Surface Bodies 3. Under Bodies to Move/Copy:

Select Copy. Set Number of Copies to 1.

4. Expand Surface-Revolve1 in the FeatureManager design tree, right-click Sketch13, and select Show. 5. Under Rotate, click Rotation Reference (Linear Entity, Coordinate System, or Vertex)

Select Line1@Sketch13 in the graphics area for Rotation Reference (Linear Entity,

Coordinate System, or Vertex). Line1 is the axis used with Sketch13 to create the surface revolve.

Set Angle .

to 90.

6. Click OK

Next

Trim Surface - Creating Cuts - Set 1

Create the first of two cuts at the base of the nozzle with the Trim Surface tool. 1. Click Trim Surface on the Surfaces toolbar.

2. In the PropertyManager, under Trim Type, select Standard. 3. Under Selections:

Select Body-Move/Copy2 in the graphics area for Trimming Surface, Plane, or Sketch

Select Keep selections. Select Surface-Trim1-Trim1 in the graphics area for Pieces to Keep .

4. Click OK

5. Under Surface-Bodies in the FeatureManager design tree, right-click Body-Move/Copy2, and select Hide Surface Body.

Next

Trim Surface - Creating Cuts - Set 2

Create the second of two cuts at the base of the nozzle with the Trim Surface tool. 1. Click Trim Surface on the Surfaces toolbar.

2. In the PropertyManager, under Trim Type, select Standard. 3. Under Selections:

Select Surface-Extrude1 in the graphics area for Trimming Surface, Plane, or Sketch .

Select Keep selections. Select Surface-Trim2-Trim1 in the graphics area for Pieces to Keep .

4. Click OK

5. Under Surface-Bodies in the FeatureManager design tree, right-click Surface-Extrude1, and select Hide Surface Body.

Next

Delete Solid/Surface - Deleting Trim Tools

Delete the surface extrude and the surface body created with the move copy tool. These entities were used to trim the model and need to be removed for the final thicken surface operation. 1. Click Delete Solid/Surface 2. Expand Surface Bodies on the Features toolbar. in the FeatureManager design tree.

3. Select Surface-Extrude1 and Body-Move/Copy2 in the folder for Solid/Surface Bodies to Delete .

4. Click OK

Next

Untrim Surface - Patching a Surface

To strengthen the base of the model, use the Untrim Surface tool to patch one of the surface cuts.

1. Click Untrim Surface

on the Surfaces toolbar. in the PropertyManager.

2. Select Edge1 in the graphics area for Selected Face/Edges

The Untrim Surface tool extends an existing surface along its natural boundaries, so you can select any edge from Surface-Trim3. 3. Under Options:

Select Extend edges. Select Merge with original. .

4. Click OK

Next

Thicken Surface - Creating a Solid

Thicken the surface model to create a solid model. 1. Click Thicken on the Features toolbar.

2. In the PropertyManager, under Thicken Parameters:

Select Surface-Untrim1 for Surface to Thicken

Click Thicken Side 1 Set Thickness . to 1.

3. Click OK

Before

After

One solid body and no surface bodies appear in the FeatureManager design tree.

4. Save the model.

Congratulations! You have completed this lesson.