A PID controller is at steady state with an output pressure of 9 psig.
The set point and measured variable are initially together. At t = 0, the set point is moved away from the measured variable at a rate of 0.5 in.lmin. The motion of the set point is in the direction of lower readings. If the controller settings are Kc = 2 psig/in. of set point travel = 1.25 min "Cd = 0.40 min
"Cj
An electronic PI temperature controller has an output pressure of 12 mA when the set point equals the process output temperature. The set point and the measured variable are suddenly displaced by 2F (i.e. a step change in error is introduced) and the following data are obtained Time, sec mA 00+
20
12 10
9
60 80
7 6
1)'
I (,,) ~
'00
Ol
~5 a..
1.5
time, min