ADHIKA MASA
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What is Adhika Masa?
Adhika Masa is the thirteenth month in a Calender year followed by
Lunar Calender,i.e., Chandramana reethya. It is not followed by those
who are following Solar Calender, i.e., Sourmaana Reethya.
As per Chandramaana reethya, we have 354 days in a calendar year.
But as per Sourmana reethya, (Solar Calender) we have 365 days. So,
there is a difference of 11 days between Sourmana reethya and
Chandramana reethya. So, these extra days difference of 11 days will
be added, once in 33 months (32 months, 16 days , and 4 ghalige to
be precise) , so that there is extra 29 or 30 days in that particular year.
This concept of adding one extra month after every 33 months is known
as Adhika Masa.
In states like Karnataka, Andhrapradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, etc, the
adhika maasa begins on Shudda padya and ends on Amavasya day
(New moon day). In North India, Adhika Masa begins on Vaishaka
Bahula Padya, and ends on Hunnime (Full moon day). Whereas in
states like Assam, Bengal, Kerala, Tamilnadu, there is no adhika maasa
for them, as they are following solar calendar.
Adhika Maasa is applicable for Chandramana followers only.
The lunar calendar is completely synchronizes with the solar calendar in
a period of 60 years.
ADHIKA MASA
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Mathematically, a Chandramana Varsha (Lunar calendar = 29.5305
X 12 = 354.366 days) has 354 days, while a Soura Varsha (Solar
calendar = 365.2587 days) has 365 days, the difference being 11
days per year.
For one year (12 months) 11 days
For second year (12 months) 11 days
For 8 months ( 8 months) 7 days
For 16 days & 4 galige - days
-------------------------------------------------
Total 33 months - 30 days
------------------------------------------------
dvaatrimshadbhi: gatai: maasai: dinai: ShOdashabhistatha|
GaTikaanaaM chatuShkENa patatyadhikamaasaka: ||
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Sankramana during Adhika Masa - During Adhika Masa, there will not
be any sankramana. That is why it is said
asankraantamaasOdhimaasa:.
Note : Normally Adhikamasa will be happening once in 33 months.
Sometimes, it may happen in 29 months, 30 months, 31 months, and
35 months also due to the variations in Graha sanchara. That is why it
is said in Mahabharatha that the Adhikamasa will be occurring twice in
5 years.
ADHIKA MASA
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panchamE panchamE varshE dvaumaasaavadhimaasakau |
tEshaam kaalaatirEkENa grahaaNaamatichaarata: |
Purushottama maasa shrestatva - Sri Purushottama is the masa
niyamaka for this adhika maasa. That is why it is called as
Purushottama Maasa.
Other names for Adhika Masa
Mala Maasa, - as Srihari will remove all our sins during this maasa.
As this month will be without sankranti, there is no importance of
Shubha kaarya like Marriage, Upanayana, Gruhapravesha, etc.
malimlucha, - When there is no sun in a particular month it
is termed as Malimucha. There are dwadashadityaru, viz.,
AruNa, Surya, bhaanu, tapana, indra, ravi, gabhasti, Aryama,
hiraNyarEtasa, divaakara, mitra, viShNu will be born in each
twelve months. There will be no sun during the thirteenth
month. Therefore the works of the Sun will be done by the
suryamandala itself.
maasEShu dvaadashaadityaa: tapaMtE hi yathaakramaM |
napuMsakEdhikE maasi maMDalaM tapasE rave ||
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ADHIKA MASA
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purushottama maasa as Purushottama is the maasa
niyamaka. Once Chaturmuka brahmadevaru kept the Saadhane done
through Vedokta acharane in one side of a scale and sadhane done
done during purushottama maasa. Then the scale weighed more in
purushottama sadhane side itself, which clearly explains the
importance of Adhika maasa
Duties during Adhika Maasa
1. Maasa snaana - Throughout the month, we have to get up early during
arunodayakala itself and do the snaana in rivers, and thirthas or atleast in
wells. (Even when we are doing the snaana in a Pipeline water supplied by
watersupply board, we have to do the chintana of Ganga sankalpa and do
it).
2. Nakta Bhojana - We have to do the fasting till night and do the bhojana
only in the night.
3. Ayachita Vrata - We must not ask anybody anything. We have be
yadruchchaalaaba santrupta.
4. Dharana parana One day upavaasa (DharaNa), next day (PaaraNa) with
this 15 days upavasa and 15 days bhojana.
5. Tambula Daana During Adhikamasa, if we give tamboola daana to
brahmana suvasiniyaru, our dourbhagya will be removed and we will get
soubhagya.
6. Deepa daana - During this month we have to light Akanda deepa in the
devara mane. We must ensure that the deepa never goes off throughout
the day-night.
7. Apoopa daana - During this month, one has to give apoopadaana of 33
apoopa to brahmana daily. However, we can give more than 33 also, but
not less than 33. If it is not possible to give apoopa daana on all the days,
one can give it on any particular day. It must be accompanied by same
ADHIKA MASA
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number of Tamboola (Villedele), and dakshine. If we are doing on any
single day Shukla dwaadashi, pourNami, Krishna Dwadashi, amavasye,
Krishna paksha astami, navami and chaturdashi is preferable.
Apoopa must be made up of Rice, jiggery, ghee. By giving the apoopa
daana, we will get the punya equal to pruthvi daana.
8. Phala daana - Actually apoopa daana is the Best. But we can give daana of
Fruits, like mangoes, bananas, etc. Each fruits must have be alongwith 33
tambola villedele, 33 dakshine, etc.
9. Kamyakarma shiddha - During Adhka Maasa, Marriage, Upanayana,
Gruhapravesha, choula, sanyasa sweekara, annaprashana, - must not be
done as these are kaamyakarma. However Homa Havana done with the
intention of pleasing srihari, bhagavatpoojartham it can be done. If we
have already started any kaamyakarma prior to adhika maasa, it can be
continued, but new karmas not be started.
10. Shraddhas - Samvatsarika shraddha if it is falling during a month of Adhika
maasa, it has to be done in Nija maasa. Eg. Shraaddha falling during
Vaishaka Maasa must be done in regular vaishaka maasa and not in Adhika
Vaishaka Maasa.
11. Shraaddhaas monthly shraadhaas during Adhika Maasa - If one has died
in a year and his monthly shraaddha to be done in Adhikamasa apart from
regular monthly shraddha.
12. Chaturmasya If during Chaturmasya, Adhika maasa comes, then we have
to observe Chaturmasya + Adhikamaasa. If during Shaka vratha
adhikamasa comes, Shaka Vratha must be done for two months.
13. Mahalaya Maasa - If during Bhadrapada Maasa adhika Maasa, comes,
then Mahalaya Paksha to be done in both Adhika and nija Bhadrapada
maasa.
ADHIKA MASA
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33 devatas in apoopadaana
Sl No Devate antaryami roopa
Astavasugalu
1 DrONa VishNu
2. Dhruva Jishnu
3. Dosha MahavishNu
4. Arka Hari
5. Agni Krishna
6. Dyou Adhokshaja
7. PraaNa Keshava
8. Vibhavasu Madhava
Ekadasha Rudraru
9. Bheema Raama
10. Raivata Achyuta
11. Oja Purushottama
12 Ajaikapaat Govinda
13. Mahaan Vamana
14. Bahuroopa ShrIsha
15. Bhava ShrIkanTa
16. Vaamadeva Vishvasaakashi
17. Ugra NaarayaNa
18. VruShaakapi Madhuripu
Ahirbudhni Aniruddha
19. Dwadashadityaru
20. Vivaswaan Trivikrama
21. Aryamaa VaasudEva
22. Poosha JagadyOni
23. tvaShTru AnaMta
24. Savitru Sheshasaayi
25. Bhaga SankarshaNa
26. Dhaatru Pradyumna
27. Parjanya Daityaari
28. VaruNa VishvatOmukha
29. Mitra Janardhana
30. Shakra Dharaavaasa
31. Urukrama Daamodara
32. Prajapathi Agardhana
33. Vashatkara ShrIpati
ADHIKA MASA
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Adhikamaasa katha
Once Lakshmidevi asked Srihari as to how to perform the Adhika Maasa
pooja and what are the daanaas to be during Adhikamasa.
Then Srihari told her that he himself is the God for the Adhika maasa
with the name Purushottama. What ever punya kaarya lika snaana,
japa, homaa will bring akshaya phala. He also told that those who does
not do any punya karya during Adhika Maasa will be getting daaridrya,
putrashoka, etc
Those who could not do for the whole month can do it atleast on
Krishna paksha Astami, navami, chaturdashi, Dwadashi, pournami,
chaturdashi, etc.
Earlier there lived a brahmana by name Kaushika who was a jitendriya.
He had a son by name maitreya who was addicted to drinking and was
a kamaandha. One day Maitreya went to forest. He killed a brahmana
in Sourashtra and snatched all the money with the Brahmin. Because
he killed that brahmana, the whole City itself was burnt. As he got
brahma hatya dosha, Maitreya was taken by Yamadootharu and was
thrown in Krumeekunda. He was in the Hell for more than 10000 years.
After a long period, Kaushika, the father of Maitreya came to know
about the same. Kaushika searched all the shruthi shaastraas and
found a remedy for brahmahatya parihara.
He did the Vratha named Adhikamasa Vratha and gave 33 apoopadaana
and his son was saved from the Hell.
As such, Adhikamasa vratha, if done with proper anusandhana can
remove brahma hatya dosha also
ADHIKA MASA
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ADHIKA MASA
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ADHIKA MASA
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ADHIKA MASA
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ADHIKA MASA
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