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Analysis of Open Circuit&Double Faults

1. The document analyzes open circuit and double faults by modeling the system using positive, negative, and zero sequence networks. 2. For an open circuit fault on phase A, the sequence networks are connected in parallel with equal voltages. 3. For two open circuit faults, the sequence currents are equal and the sum of the sequence voltages is zero. 4. Multiple open circuit and ground faults are modeled by connecting the corresponding sequence networks from each fault.

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mourinho22
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121 views

Analysis of Open Circuit&Double Faults

1. The document analyzes open circuit and double faults by modeling the system using positive, negative, and zero sequence networks. 2. For an open circuit fault on phase A, the sequence networks are connected in parallel with equal voltages. 3. For two open circuit faults, the sequence currents are equal and the sum of the sequence voltages is zero. 4. Multiple open circuit and ground faults are modeled by connecting the corresponding sequence networks from each fault.

Uploaded by

mourinho22
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

> Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

Series Faults (or Open Circuit Faults)

P2

Q2

N2 OPEN CIRCUIT FAULT ACROSS PQ P1 Q1 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK P0 Q0

N1 POSITIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK


3 > Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

N0 ZERO SEQUENCE NETWORK

Interconnection of Sequence Networks


I1 N1
POSITIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK

P1
V1

Consider sequence networks as blocks with fault terminals P & Q for interconnections.
I2

Q1

Unlike shunt faults, terminal N is not used for interconnections. N2

P2
V2

NEGATIVE SEQUENC E NETWORK

Q2

I0 N3
ZERO SEQUENCE NETWORK

P0
V0

Q0
4 > Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults 4

Derive System Constraints at the Fault Terminals

The terminal conditions imposed by different open circuit faults will be applied across points P & Q on the 3 line conductors. Fault terminal currents Ia, Ib, Ic flow from P to Q. Fault terminal potentials Va, Vb, Vc will be across P and Q.

P Va va Vb vb Vc vc
5 > Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

Q Ia Va' Vb'

Ib

Ic

Vc'

Open Circuit Fault On Phase A


P Va va Vb vb Vc vc Ic Vc'
At fault point :va vb vc Ia Ib Ic = = = = = = ? 0 0 0 ? ?

Q Ia Va' Vb'

Ib

> Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

Open Circuit Fault on Phase A


At fault point vb = 0 ; vc = 0 ; Ia = 0

v0 = 1/3 (va + vb + vc ) = 1/3 va v1 = 1/3 (va + vb + 2vc ) = 1/3 va v2 = 1/3 (va + 2vb + vc ) = 1/3 va

v1 = v2 = v0 = 1/3 va --------------------- (1)

Ia = I1 + I2 + I0 = 0 --------------------------- (2)

From equations (1) & (2) the sequence networks are connected in parallel.

+ve Seq N/W

I1

P1 V1 Q1

-ve Seq N/W

I2

P2 V2 Q2

Zero Seq N/W

I0

P0 V0 Q0

> Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

Two Open Circuit Faults


P Va va Vb vb Vc vc Ic Vc'
At fault point :va vb vc Ia Ib Ic = = = = = = 0 ? ? ? 0 0

Q Ia Va' Vb'

Ib

> Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

Two Open Circuit Faults

At fault point va = 0 ; Ib = 0 ; Ic = 0 1/3 Ia


POSITIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK

I1

P1
V1

I0 = 1/3 (Ia + Ib + Ic) I1 I2 = =

1/3 (Ia + Ib + 2Ic) = 1/3 Ia 1/3 (Ia + 2Ib + Ic) = 1/3 Ia

I2
NEGATIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK

Q1 P2
V2

I1 = I2 = I0 = 1/3 Ia ----------- (1) va = v1 + v2 + v0 = 0 ----------- (2)

I0
ZERO SEQUENCE NETWORK

Q2 P0
V0

Q0

> Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

Two Earth Faults on Phase A at Different Locations


F F'

a-e N
(1) At fault point F Va =

a'-e

0 ; Ib = 0 ; Ic = 0

It can be shown that Ia1 = Ia2 = Ia0 Va1 + Va2 + Va0 = 0 (2) At fault point F' Va' = 0 ; Ib' = 0 ; Ic' = 0

It can be shown that Ia'1 = Ia'2 = Ia'0 Va'1 + Va'2 + Va'0 = 0

10

> Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

10

F1

Ia1

F'1

Ia'1

Va1 N1 F2
Ia2

Va'1 N'1 F2
Ia2

Va2 N2 F0
Ia0

Va2 N2 F0
Ia0

Va0 N0
11 > Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

Va0 N0
11

F1

Ia1

F'1

Ia'1

Va1 N1 F2
Ia2

Va'1 N'1 F2
Ia2

INCORRECT

Va2 N2 F0
Ia0

Va2 N2 F0
Ia0

CONNECTIONS As :Va0 Va2 Va1 = Va0 = Va2 = Va1

Va0 N0

Va0 N0

12

> Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

12

F1

Ia1

F'1

Ia'1

Va1 N1 F2
Ia2

Va'1 N'1 F2
Ia2

Ia2

1/1 Va2

Va2 N2 F0
Ia0

Va2 N2 F0
Ia0

1/1 Va0

Va0 N0

Va0 N0

13

> Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

13

Cross Country Fault


F F'

a-e

b'-e

(1)

At fault point F Va = 0 ; Ib = 0 ; Ic = 0

(2)

At fault point F' Vb' = 0 ; Ia' = 0 ; Ic' = 0

It can be shown that Ia1 = Ia2 = Ia0 Va1 + Va2 + Va0 = 0

It can be shown that Ib'1 = Ib'2 = Ib'0 Convert to a phase sequence currents 2Ia'1 = Ia2 = Ia0 or Ia'1 = 2Ia2 = Ia0 Vb1 + Vb2 + Vb0 = 0 Convert to a phase sequence voltages 2Va'1 + Va2 + Va0 = 0 or Va1 = 2Va2 + Va0 = 0
14

It can be shown that

14

> Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

F1

Ia1

F'1

Ia'1

Va1 N1 F2
Ia2

Va'1 N'1 F2
Ia2

2Ia2

1:2
2Va2

Va2 N2 F0
Ia0

Va2 N2 F0
Ia0

2Ia0

1:
Va0

Va0 N0
15 > Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

Va0 N0

15

Open Circuit & Ground Fault


P Ia Va va Vb vb Ic Vc vc Vc' Ia +Ia ' Ib +Ib ' Ic +Ic ' Ic ' Q Va' Vb' Ia '

Ib

Ib '

Open Circuit Fault At fault point :va = ? vb = 0 vC = 0 Ia Ib Ic


16

Line to Ground Fault

At fault point :Va = 0 Vb = ? Vc = ? Ia + I'a Ib + I'b Ic + I'c = = = ? 0 0


16

= = =

0 ? ?

> Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

Open Circuit & Ground Fault


O/C a phase

a'-e

Open Circuit Fault At fault point :It can be shown that vb = 0 ; vc = 0 ; Ia = 0 = 0

Ia1+ Ia2 + Ia0

va1 = va2 = va0 = 1/3 va Line to Ground Fault At fault point :It can be shown that and
17 > Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

Va' = 0 ; Ib + I'b = 0 ; Ic + Ic = 0 Va'1 + Va'2 + Va'0 = 0 (Ia1 + Ia1) = (Ia2 + Ia2) = (Ia0 + Ia0)
17

P
Ia1 1 Ia'1

Q1 va1

Va1 N1 P
Ia2 2 Ia2

Va

Q2 va2

Va2 N2 P
Ia0 0 Ia0

Va2

Q0 va0

Va0

Va0 N0

18

> Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

18

Ia1

P
Ia 11

Q1
Ia'1 Ia1 + Ia'1

1:1 Va1

Ia1 + Ia'1

va1 Va1 Va1


Ia2 Ia2 + Ia2 Ia2 + Ia2

Q2

N1

Ia 2 2 Ia2

va2 Va2 N2 Va2


Ia0 Ia0 + Ia0

Va2

P
Ia 0 0

Q0

Ia0

Ia0 + Ia0

va0 Va0 Va0 N0


19 > Analysis of Open Circuit & Double Faults

Va0

19

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