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Heating Effects: Inorganic Chemistry

Heating inorganic salts can cause a variety of decomposition reactions. Carbonates typically decompose to their metal oxide and carbon dioxide. Bicarbonates decompose to carbonates with the evolution of carbon dioxide. Ammonium salts containing oxidizing anions decompose to nitrogen gas, while those with non-oxidizing anions decompose to ammonia. Heating nitrates yields oxygen gas and decomposition products containing NO2. Halide salts can decompose or react to form other halides. Hydrated salts lose their waters of hydration upon heating.

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Gadde Gopala Krishna
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855 views5 pages

Heating Effects: Inorganic Chemistry

Heating inorganic salts can cause a variety of decomposition reactions. Carbonates typically decompose to their metal oxide and carbon dioxide. Bicarbonates decompose to carbonates with the evolution of carbon dioxide. Ammonium salts containing oxidizing anions decompose to nitrogen gas, while those with non-oxidizing anions decompose to ammonia. Heating nitrates yields oxygen gas and decomposition products containing NO2. Halide salts can decompose or react to form other halides. Hydrated salts lose their waters of hydration upon heating.

Uploaded by

Gadde Gopala Krishna
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HEATING EFFECTS

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Heating Effects
HEATING EFFECTS
Heating effect of carbonate & bicarbonate salts
All carbonates except (Na, K, Rb, Cs) decompose on heating giving CO
2
Li
2
CO
3
Li
2
O + CO
2
MCO
3
MO + CO
2
[M = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba]
Yellow
3 2
CO Ag
Black
Ag 2 + CO
2
+
2
1
O
2

carbonate ) II ( Cu Basic
3 2
CuCO . ) OH ( Cu

A
2CuO + CO
2
+ H
2
O
white
3
ZnCO
) cold ( white
) hot ( Yellow
ZnO + CO
2
PbCO
3

Yellow
PbO
+ CO
2

(

+ +

Lead White
2 2 4 3
C 350
2 3
O H CO O Pb ) OH ( Pb . PbCO 2
HgCO
3
Hg +
2
1
O
2
| + CO
2
(NH
4
)
2
CO
3
2NH
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
All bicarbonates decompose to give carbonates and CO
2
. eg.
2NaHCO
3

A
Na
2
CO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
[General reaction

3
HCO 2
2
3
CO +H
2
O + CO
2
]
Heating effect of ammonium salts
(NH
4
)
2
Cr
2
O
7
N
2
+ Cr
2
O
3
+ 4H
2
O
NH
4
NO
2
N
2
+ 2H
2
O
NH
4
NO
3
N
2
O + 2H
2
O
2NH
4
ClO
4
N
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2O
2
+ 4H
2
O
2NH
4
IO
3
N
2
+ I
2
+ O
2
+ 4H
2
O
[If anionic part is oxdising in nature, then N
2
will be the product (some times N
2
O).]
(NH
4
)
2
HPO
4
HPO
3
+ H
2
O + 2NH
3
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
NH
3
+ H
2
SO
4
2(NH
3
)
3
PO
4
2NH
3
+ P
2
O
5
+ 3H
2
O
(NH
4
)
2
CO
3
2NH
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
[If anionic part weakly oxidising or non oxidising in nature then NH
3
will be the product.]
Heating effect of nitrate salts
MNO
3
KNO
2
+
2
1
O
2
[M = Na, K, Rb, Cs]
2LiNO
3
Li
2
O + 2NO
2
+
2
1
O
2
Heating Effects
2M(NO
3
)
2
2MO + 4NO
2
+ O
2
[M = all bivalent metals eg. Zn
+2
, Mg
+2
, Sr
+2
, Ca
+2
, Ba
+2
, Cu
+2
, Pb
+2
]
Hg(NO
3
)
2
Hg + 2NO
2
+ O
2
; 2AgNO
3
2Ag + 2NO
2
+ O
2
Heating effect of Halides salts
2FeCl
3
2FeCl
2
+ Cl
2
; AuCl
3
AuCl + Cl
2
Hg
2
Cl
2
HgCl
2
+ Hg ; NH
4
Cl NH
3
+ HCl
Pb(SCN)
4
Pb(SCN)
2
+ (SCN)
2
PbCl
4
PbCl
2
+ Cl
2
[PbBr
4
PbBr
2
+ Br
2
& PbI
4
does not exists]
Heating effect of hydrated chloride salts
MgCl
2
. 6H
2
O
A
MgO + 2HCl + 5H
2
O
2FeCl
3
. 6H
2
O
A
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HCl + 9H
2
O
2AlCl
3
. 6H
2
O
A
Al
2
O
3
+ 6HCl + 9H
2
O
Pink
O H 2
C 50
2 2
2
O H 6 . CoCl


Pink
O H 2
C 58
2 2
2
O H 4 . CoCl



violet d Re
O H 2
C 140
2 2
2
O H 2 . CoCl



Blue
2
CoCl
Hydrated Co
2+
salt - Pink
Anhydrous Co
2+
salt - Blue
Heating effect of hydrated Sulphate salts
vitriol Blue
O H 5 . CuSO
2 4
O H 4
C 100
2



White Bluish
O H . CuSO
2 4
O H
C 220
2



White
4
CuSO

> C 800
CuO + SO
2
+
2
1
O
2

Black
CuO + SO
3
Vitriol Green
O H 7 . FeSO
2 4
O H 7
C 300
2


FeSO
4


A
Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2
+ SO
3
(very important)
from 2 moles
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3


A
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3SO
3
gypsum
O H 2 . CaSO
2 4

C 120
(CaSO
4
.
2
1
H
2
O) +1
2
1
H
2
O

Plaster of pairs

O H 2 . CaSO
2 4

burnt Dead
4
CaSO
+
2
1
H
2
O
gypsum
ZnSO
4
.7H
2
O
O H
C 70
2


ZnSO
4
.6H
2
O
O H 5
C 200 70
2


ZnSO
4
.H
2
O
O H
C 200
2

>
ZnSO
4

> A C 800
ZnO + SO
2
+
2
1
O
2
Heating Effects
salt epsom
O H 7 . MgSO
2 4
O H 7
2

A

MgSO
4
+ [Same as ZnSO
4
]
2NaHSO
3

2NaHSO
4


A
Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O + SO
3
Na
2
S
2
O
3
.5H
2
O
C 220
Na
2
S
2
O
3
+ 5H
2
O
3Na
2
SO
4
+ Na
2
S
5
.
Heating effect of Oxide salts
2Ag
2
O
C 300
A

4Ag + O
2
;
white
ZnO

yellow
ZnO
PbO
2


A
PbO +
2
1
O
2
;
yellow
PbO

Red
PbO
(Massicot) (Litharge)
3MnO
2


C 900
Mn
3
O
4
+ O
2
;
lead Red
4 3
O Pb

Litharge
PbO 6
+ O
2
2CrO
5
Cr
2
O
3
+
2
7
O
2
;
I
2
O
5
I
2
+
2
5
O
2
yellow
HgO

A
red
HgO
heating
strong
C 400


Hg +
2
1
O
2
2CrO
3


C 420
Cr
2
O
3
+
2
3
O
2
; HgI
2
HgI
2
Scarlet Red

Yellow sublimate
Heating effect of dichromate & chromate salts
2K
2
Cr
2
O
7


A
2K
2
CrO
4
+ Cr
2
O
3
+
2
3
O
2
|
yellow green
Heating effect of phosphate salts
NaH
2
PO
4

A
H
2
O + NaPO
3
1 phosphate salt
Na
2
HPO
4


A
H
2
O + Na
2
P
2
O
7
2 phosphate salt
Na
3
PO
4


A
No effect
3 phosphate salt
Na(NH
4
)HPO
4
.4H
2
O
O H 4
2

A

NaNH
4
HPO
4


. temp High
NaPO
3
+ NH
3
+ H
2
O
2Mg(NH
4
)PO
4


A
Mg
2
P
2
O
7
+ 2NH
3
+ H
2
O
Heating Effects
Heating effect of Acids
2HNO
3

A
H
2
O + 2NO
2
+
2
1
O
2

conc.
H
2
SO
4

C 444
H
2
O + SO
3
H
2
SO
4

> C 800
H
2
O + SO
2
+
2
1
O
2
3H
2
SO
3
2H
2
SO
4
+ S+ + H
2
O
3HNO
2
HNO
3
+ 2NO + H
2
O
HClO
3
HClO
4
+ ClO
2
+ H
2
O
3HOCl 2HCl +HClO
3
4H
3
PO
3

C 200
A

3H
3
PO
4
+ PH
3
2H
3
PO
2
H
3
PO
4
+ PH
3
2NaH
2
PO
2
Na
2
HPO
4
+ PH
3
H
3
PO
4


C 220
H
4
P
2
O
7


C 320
4HPO
3


> C 320
2P
2
O
5
+ 2H
2
O
H
3
BO
3


C 100
4HBO
2


C 140
H
2
B
4
O
7

hot
d Re

2B
2
O
3
+ H
2
O
H
2
C
2
O
4

A
H
2
O + CO + CO
2
Heating effects of acetate salts
CH
3
CO
2
K
A
K
2
CO
3
+ CH
3
COCH
3
Pb(OAc)
2


A
PbO + CO
2
+ CH
3
COCH
3
Mg(OAc)
2
MgO + CO
2
+ CH
3
COCH
3
Be(OAc)
2
BeO + CO
2
+ CH
3
COCH
3
Ca(OAc)
2
CaCO
3
+ CH
3
COCH
3
Ba(OAc)
2
BaCO
3
+ CH
3
COCH
3
Heating effects of oxalate salts
7Na
2
C
2
O
4
7Na
2
CO
3
+ 2CO
2
+ 3CO + 2C
SnC
2
O
4


A
SnO + CO
2
+ CO

FeC
2
O
4
FeO + CO + CO
2
Ag
2
C
2
O
4


A
2Ag + 2CO
2
HgC
2
O
4
Hg + 2CO
2
Heating effects of formate salts
HCO
2
Na

C 350
Na
2
C
2
O
4
+ H
2
|
2HCOOAg

A
HCOOH + 2Ag + CO
2
(HCOO)
2
Hg HCOOH + Hg + CO
2

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