Security

Annex 17
to the Convention on
International Civil Aviation
This edition incorporates all amendments
adopted by the Council prior to 8 December 2001
and supersedes, on 1 July 2002, all previous
editions of Annex 17.
For information regarding the applicability
of the Standards and Recommended Practices,
see Foreword.
International Civil Aviation Organization
International Standards
and Recommended Practices
Seventh Edition
April 2002
Safeguarding International Civil Aviation
Against Acts of Unlawful Interference
AMENDMENTS
The issue of amendments is announced regularly in the ICAO Journal and in the
monthly Supplement to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual
Training Aids, which holders of this publication should consult. The space below
is provided to keep a record of such amendments.
RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA
AMENDMENTS CORRIGENDA
No.
Date
applicable
Date
entered
Entered
by No.
Date
of issue
Date
entered
Entered
by
1-10 Incorporated in this Edition
(ii)
ANNEX 17 (iii) 1/7/02
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Page
FOREWORD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (v)
CHAPTER 1. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
CHAPTER 2. General principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.1 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.2 Security and facilitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.3 International cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.4 Equipment, research and development. . . . 2-1
CHAPTER 3. Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.1 National organization and appropriate
authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.2 Airport operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.3 Aircraft operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3.4 Quality control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
CHAPTER 4. Preventive security measures . . . . . . 4-1
4.1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.2 Measures relating to aircraft . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.3 Measures relating to passengers and their
cabin baggage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.4 Measures relating to hold baggage . . . . . . 4-1
4.5 Measures relating to cargo, mail
and other goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4.6 Measures relating to special categories
of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4.7 Measures relating to access control . . . . . . 4-2
CHAPTER 5. Management of response to acts of
unlawful interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
5.1 Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
5.2 Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
5.3 Exchange of information and reporting . . . 5-1
ATTACHMENT TO ANNEX 17
Extracts from Annex 2 Rules of the Air . . . . . . . . ATT-1
Extracts from Annex 6 Operation of Aircraft,
Part I International Commercial Air
Transport Aeroplanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ATT-2
Extracts from Annex 9 Facilitation. . . . . . . . . . . . ATT-3
Extracts from Annex 10 Aeronautical
Telecommunications, Volume IV (Surveillance
Radar and Collision Avoidance Systems). . . . . . . ATT-6
Extracts from Annex 11 Air Traffic Services . . . . ATT-6
Extracts from Annex 13 Aircraft Accident and
Incident Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ATT-8
Extracts from Annex 14 Aerodromes,
Volume I Aerodrome Design and Operations . ATT-8
Extracts from Annex 18 The Safe Transport
of Dangerous Goods by Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ATT-11
Extracts from Doc 9284 Technical
Instructions for the Safe Transport of
Dangerous Goods by Air. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ATT-12
Extracts from the Procedures for Air Navigation
Services Air Traffic Management
(Doc 4444). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ATT-12
Extracts from the Procedures for Air Navigation
Services Aircraft Operations (Doc 8168),
Volume I Flight Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ATT-15
ANNEX 17 (v) 1/7/02
FOREWORD
Historical background
The material included in this Annex was developed by the
Council pursuant to the following two resolutions of the
Assembly:
Resolution A17-10: Implementation by States of
Security Specifications and Practices adopted
by this Assembly and further work by ICAO
related to such Specifications and Practices
. . . . . .
THE ASSEMBLY:
. . . . . .
(3) REQUESTS the Council, with the assistance of the other
constituent bodies of the Organization, to develop and incorporate,
as appropriate, the material in the Appendices to this Resolution as
Standards, Recommended Practices and Procedures in existing or
new Annexes or other regulatory documents or guidance material
of the Organization.
Resolution A18-10: Additional Technical Measures
for the Protection of the Security of
International Civil Air Transport
. . . . . .
THE ASSEMBLY:
(1) REQUESTS the Council to ensure, with respect to the technical
aspects of air transportation security, that:
(a) the subject of air transportation security continues to be given
adequate attention by the Secretary General, with a priority
commensurate with the current threat to the security of air
transportation;
. . . . . .
Following the work of the Air Navigation Commission, the
Air Transport Committee and the Committee on Unlawful
Interference, and as a result of the comments received from
Contracting States and interested International Organizations,
to whom draft material had been circulated, Standards and
Recommended Practices on Security were adopted by the
Council on 22 March 1974, pursuant to the provisions of
Article 37 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation,
and designated as Annex 17 to the Convention with the title
Standards and Recommended Practices Security
Safeguarding International Civil Aviation against Acts of
Unlawful Interference.
Table A shows the origin of subsequent amendments together
with a list of the principal subjects involved and the dates on
which the Annex and the amendments were adopted by the
Council, when they became effective and when they became
applicable.
Introduction
In order that a comprehensive document may be available to
States for implementation of the security measures prescribed
by this Annex, an Attachment hereto reproduces extracts from
other Annexes, Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport
of Dangerous Goods by Air (Doc 9284), PANS-ATM and
PANS-OPS bearing on the subject of action to be taken by
States to prevent unlawful interference with civil aviation, or
when such interference has been committed.
Guidance material
The Security Manual for Safeguarding Civil Aviation Against
Acts of Unlawful Interference (Doc 8973 Restricted) provides
detailed procedures and guidance on aspects of aviation security
and is intended to assist States in the implementation of their
respective national civil aviation security programmes required
by the specifications in the Annexes to the Convention on
International Civil Aviation.
Action by Contracting States
Applicability. The provisions of the Standards and
Recommended Practices in this document are to be applied by
Contracting States.
Notification of differences. The attention of Contracting
States is drawn to the obligation imposed by Article 38 of the
Convention, by which Contracting States are required to notify
the Organization of any differences between their national
regulations and practices and the International Standards con-
tained in this Annex and any amendments thereto. Contracting
States are invited to keep the Organization currently informed of
any differences which may subsequently occur, or of the
withdrawal of any difference previously notified. A specific
request for notification of differences will be sent to Contracting
States immediately after the adoption of each amendment to this
Annex.
Annex 17 Security Foreword
1/7/02 (vi)
Contracting States are also invited to extend such
notification to any differences from the Recommended
Practices contained in this Annex, and any amendment thereto,
when the notification of such differences is important for the
safety of air navigation.
Attention of States is also drawn to the provisions of
Annex 15 related to the publication of differences between
their national regulations and practices and the related ICAO
Standards and Recommended Practices through the Aeronaut-
ical Information Service, in addition to the obligation of States
under Article 38 of the Convention.
Promulgation of information. Information relating to the
establishment and withdrawal of and changes to facilities,
services and procedures affecting aircraft operations provided
according to the Standards and Recommended Practices
specified in this Annex should be notified and take effect in
accordance with Annex 15.
Use of the text of the Annex in national regulations. The
Council, on 13 April 1948, adopted a resolution inviting the
attention of Contracting States to the desirability of using in
their own national regulations, as far as practicable, the precise
language of those ICAO Standards that are of a regulatory
character and also of indicating departures from the Standards,
including any additional national regulations that were import-
ant for the safety or regularity of air navigation. Wherever
possible, the provisions of this Annex have been written in
such a way as would facilitate incorporation, without major
textual changes, into national legislation.
General information
An Annex is made up of the following component parts, not all
of which, however, are necessarily found in every Annex; they
have the status indicated:
1. Material comprising the Annex proper:
a) Standards and Recommended Practices adopted by
the Council under the provisions of the Convention.
They are defined as follows:
Standard: Any specification for physical character-
istics, configuration, matriel, performance, personnel
or procedure, the uniform application of which is
recognized as necessary for the safety or regularity of
international air navigation and to which Contracting
States will conform in accordance with the
Convention; in the event of impossibility of com-
pliance, notification to the Council is compulsory
under Article 38 of the Convention.
Recommended Practice: Any specification for
physical characteristics, configuration, matriel,
performance, personnel or procedure, the uniform
application of which is recognized as desirable in the
interests of safety, regularity or efficiency of
international air navigation, and to which Contracting
States will endeavour to conform in accordance with
the Convention.
b) Appendices comprising material grouped separately
for convenience but forming part of the Standards
and Recommended Practices adopted by the Council.
c) Definitions of terms used in the Standards and
Recommended Practices which are not self-
explanatory in that they do not have accepted
dictionary meanings. A definition does not have an
independent status but is an essential part of each
Standard and Recommended Practice in which the
term is used, since a change in the meaning of the
term would affect the specification.
2. Material approved by the Council for publication in
association with the Standards and Recommended Practices:
a) Forewords comprising historical and explanatory
material based on the action of the Council and
including an explanation of the obligations of States
with regard to the application of the Standards and
Recommended Practices ensuing from the Convention
and the Resolution of Adoption.
b) Introductions comprising explanatory material intro-
duced at the beginning of parts, chapters or sections
of the Annex to assist in the understanding of the
application of the text.
c) Notes included in the text, where appropriate, to give
factual information or references bearing on the Stan-
dards or Recommended Practices in question, but not
constituting part of the Standards or Recommended
Practices.
d) Attachments comprising material supplementary to the
Standards and Recommended Practices, or included
as a guide to their application.
This Annex has been adopted in six languages English,
Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish. Each Con-
tracting State is requested to select one of those texts for the
purpose of national implementation and for other effects
provided for in the Convention, either through direct use or
through translation into its own national language, and to
notify the Organization accordingly.
The following practice has been adhered to in order to
indicate at a glance the status of each statement: Standards have
been printed in light face roman; Recommended Practices have
been printed in light face italics, the status being indicated by
the prefix Recommendation; Notes have been printed in light
face italics, the status being indicated by the prefix Note.
Any reference to a portion of this document which is
identified by a number includes all subdivisions of that portion.
Foreword Annex 17 Security
(vii) 1/7/02
Table A. Amendments to Annex 17
Amendment Source(s) Subject(s)
Adopted
Effective
Applicable
1st Edition Council action in
pursuance of Assembly
Resolutions A17-10
and A18-10
22 March 1974
22 August 1974
27 February 1975
1 Council action in
pursuance of Assembly
Resolution A21-23
Change in status of 3.1.2 and 5.1.2 to a Standard; compilation and
dissemination of information related to an aircraft being subjected to
an act of unlawful interference.
31 March 1976
31 July 1976
30 December 1976
2 Proposals of some
States and Council
action in pursuance of
Assembly Resolution
A22-17
Transfer of specifications appearing in Chapter 9 of Annex 9
Facilitation (Seventh Edition) to Annex 17; new provision in
Chapter 5 concerning measures to be taken to control transfer and
transit passengers and their cabin baggage; and amplification of the
note to 5.2.4 (Annex 17, Chapter 5) on measures and procedures to
prevent unauthorized access to specified areas on an aerodrome.
15 December 1977
15 April 1978
10 August 1978
3 Proposals of some
States and the
Secretariat and Council
action in pursuance of
Assembly Resolution
A22-17
Specifications were added on the review of the level of threat by
States, the development of training programmes, the isolation of
security processed passengers, the inspection of aircraft for concealed
weapons or other dangerous devices and the adoption of measures for
the safety of passengers and crew of unlawfully diverted aircraft. A
number of specifications were amplified and the status of one was
changed to a Standard, related to the segregation and special guarding
of aircraft liable to attack during stopovers.
13 December 1978
13 April 1979
29 November 1979
4
(2nd Edition)
Proposals of some
States and an
international
organization and
Council action in
pursuance of Assembly
Resolution A22-17
A specification was added on the transportation of persons in custody,
and two specifications revised to provide for aircraft which were leased,
chartered or interchanged. The status of a specification dealing with the
safety of passengers and crew of an aircraft subjected to an act of
unlawful interference was changed to a Standard; the provisions of a
specification dealing with the prevention of sabotage were amplified
and Chapter 1 Applicability, deleted.
15 June 1981
15 October 1981
26 November 1981
5 Proposals of the
Committee on
Unlawful Interference
and Council action in
pursuance of Assembly
Resolution A22-17
The note to Chapter 1 Definitions was deleted. A specification
setting out the action required for the transportation of weapons on
board aircraft by law enforcement and other duly authorized persons
was modified. A specification on the carriage of weapons in all other
cases was added and the note to a specification dealing with the
safeguarding of unattended aircraft was clarified.
30 November 1984
14 April 1985
21 November 1985
6
(3rd Edition)
Proposals of the
Committee on
Unlawful Interference
with the assistance of
an Ad Hoc Group of
Experts Unlawful
Interference and
Council action in
pursuance of Assembly
Resolution A22-17
On the instruction of the Council this amendment was undertaken as a
matter of urgency by the Committee on Unlawful Interference with the
assistance of an Ad Hoc Group of Experts on aviation security which
had been appointed on the instruction of the Council. As a consequence
11 new specifications were introduced into the Annex and 19
specifications were adopted as Standards.
Special effective and applicable dates for 5.1.4 are shown in the
adjacent column.
The Council recommended that those States that are able to implement
the substance of 5.1.4 do so as soon as it is feasible and practicable
before the applicable date.
19 December 1985
19 March 1986
19 May 1986
19 October 1987
19 December 1987
Annex 17 Security Foreword
1/7/02 (viii)
7
(4th Edition)
Proposals of the
Committee on
Unlawful Interference
with the assistance of
the Aviation Security
Panel and Council
action in pursuance of
Assembly Resolution
A26-7
This amendment includes: a) a reorganization of the chapters of the
Annex directed at a rationalization of the sequence of objectives,
obligations and necessary actions relating to organization, preventive
security measures and management of response; b) the introduction of
important new provisions to reflect developments and assist States in
confronting new situations which arose from grave acts of unlawful
interference against civil aviation, since the last revision of Annex 17
in 1985; and c) the amendment or fine tuning of existing provisions
consequential to a) and b), as well as to reflect the experience gained
in the implementation of such measures.
22 June 1989
30 October 1989
16 November 1989
8
(5th Edition)
Proposals of the
Committee on
Unlawful Interference
with the assistance of
the Aviation Security
Panel (AVSECP) and
Council action in
pursuance of Assembly
Resolution A27-7
This amendment includes the introduction of important new provisions
in relation to the comprehensive security screening of checked baggage,
security control over cargo, courier and express parcels and mail,
variations to procedures relating to security programmes, pre-flight
checks of international aircraft, and measures relating to the
incorporation of security consideration into airport design for the
purpose of assisting States in the consistent and uniform
implementation of such measures.
11 September 1992
16 December 1992
1 April 1993
9
(6th Edition)
Proposals of the
Committee on
Unlawful Interference
with the assistance of
the Aviation Security
Panel (AVSECP) and
Council action in
pursuance of Assembly
Resolution A31-4
This amendment includes the introduction of new provisions in
relation to the pre-employment checks and capabilities of persons
engaged in implementing security controls, baggage accountability
and authorization, measures to be applied to catering supplies and
operators stores and supplies, tests for programme effectiveness, and
need for notification to the State of known or presumed destination of
aircraft under a seized condition.
12 November 1996
31 March 1997
1 August 1997
10
(7th Edition)
Proposals of the
Aviation Security Panel
(AVSECP) and Council
action in pursuance of
Assembly Resolution
A33-1
This amendment includes the introduction of various definitions and
new provisions in relation to the applicability of this Annex to domestic
operations, international cooperation relating to threat information,
appropriate authority, National Aviation Security Committee, national
quality control, access control, passengers and their cabin and hold
baggage, in-flight security personnel and protection of the cockpit,
code-sharing/collaborative arrangements, Human Factors and
management of response to acts of unlawful interference. The status of
a number of specifications was changed to Standards.
7 December 2001
15 April 2002
1 July 2002
Amendment Source(s) Subject(s)
Adopted
Effective
Applicable
ANNEX 17 1-1 1/7/02
CHAPTER 1. DEFINITIONS
Airside. The movement area of an airport, adjacent terrain and
buildings or portions thereof, access to which is controlled.
Aircraft Security Check. An inspection of the interior of an
aircraft to which passengers may have had access and an
inspection of the hold for the purposes of discovering
suspicious objects, weapons, explosives or other dangerous
devices.
Background Check. A check of a persons identity and
previous experience, including any criminal history, where
appropriate, as part of the assessment of an individuals
suitability for unescorted access to a security restricted area.
Cargo. Any property carried on an aircraft other than mail,
stores and accompanied or mishandled baggage.
Human Factors Principles. Principles which apply to design,
certification, training, operations and maintenance and which
seek safe interface between the human and other system
components by proper consideration to human performance.
Human Performance. Human capabilities and limitations
which have an impact on the safety, security and efficiency
of aeronautical operations.
Regulated Agent. An agent, freight forwarder or any other
entity who conducts business with an operator and provides
security controls that are accepted or required by the
appropriate authority in respect of cargo, courier and express
parcels or mail.
Screening. The application of technical or other means which
are intended to identify and/or detect weapons, explosives
or other dangerous devices which may be used to commit
an act of unlawful interference.
Note. Certain dangerous articles or substances are
classified as dangerous goods by Annex 18 and the associated
Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous
Goods by Air (Doc 9284) and must be transported in
accordance with those instructions.
Security. A combination of measures and human and material
resources intended to safeguard civil aviation against acts of
unlawful interference.
Security Control. A means by which the introduction of
weapons, explosives or other dangerous devices which may
be utilized to commit an act of unlawful interference can be
prevented.
Security Restricted Area. Airside areas of an airport into which
access is controlled to ensure security of civil aviation. Such
areas will normally include, inter alia, all passenger depar-
ture areas between the screening checkpoint and the aircraft,
the ramp, baggage make-up areas, cargo sheds, mail centres,
airside catering and aircraft cleaning premises.
Unidentified Baggage. Baggage at an airport, with or without
a baggage tag, which is not picked up by or identified with
a passenger.
ANNEX 17 2-1 1/7/02
CHAPTER 2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
2.1 Objectives
2.1.1 Each Contracting State shall have as its primary
objective the safety of passengers, crew, ground personnel and
the general public in all matters related to safeguarding against
acts of unlawful interference with civil aviation.

2.1.2 Each Contracting State shall establish an organization
and develop and implement regulations, practices and procedures
to safeguard civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference
taking into account the safety, regularity and efficiency of flights.
2.1.3 Each Contracting State shall ensure that principles
governing measures designed to safeguard against acts of
unlawful interference with international civil aviation are
applied to domestic operations to the extent practicable.
2.1.4 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
ensure appropriate protection of aviation security information.
Note 1. Guidance material on achieving civil aviation
security objectives through application of the Standards and
Recommended Practices in the following chapters is to be found
in the Security Manual for Safeguarding Civil Aviation Against
Acts of Unlawful Interference (Doc 8973 Restricted).
Note 2. The comprehensive aviation security training
material to assist States in achieving civil aviation security
objectives is contained in the ICAO Training Programme for
Aviation Security comprising a series of Aviation Security
Training Packages (ASTPs).
2.2 Security and facilitation
Recommendation. Each Contracting State should whenever
possible arrange for the security controls and procedures to
cause a minimum of interference with, or delay to the activities
of, civil aviation provided the effectiveness of these controls and
procedures is not compromised.
2.3 International cooperation
2.3.1 Each Contracting State shall ensure that requests
from other States for special security controls in respect of a
specific flight or specified flights by operators of such other
States are met, as far as may be practicable.
2.3.2 Each Contracting State shall cooperate with other
States in relation to their respective national civil aviation
security programmes as necessary.
2.3.3 Each Contracting State shall cooperate with other
States in the development and exchange of information
concerning training programmes, as necessary.
2.3.4 Each Contracting State shall share with other
Contracting States threat information that applies to the aviation
security interests of those States, to the extent practicable.
2.3.5 Each Contracting State shall provide suitable
protection and handling procedures for sensitive security
information shared by other Contracting States, or sensitive
security information that affects the security interests of other
Contracting States, in order to ensure that inappropriate use or
disclosure of such information is avoided.
2.3.6 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
cooperate with other States in the field of research and develop-
ment of new security equipment which will better achieve civil
aviation security objectives.
2.3.7 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
include in its bilateral agreements on air transport a clause
related to aviation security.
2.3.8 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
make available to other States on request a written version of
the appropriate parts of its national civil aviation security
programme.
2.4 Equipment, research and development
2.4.1 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
promote research and development of new security equipment
which will better achieve civil aviation security objectives.
2.4.2 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
ensure that the development of new security equipment takes
into consideration Human Factors principles.
Note. Guidance material regarding Human Factors
principles can be found in the Human Factors Digest Human
Factors in Civil Aviation Security Operations* and in Part 1,
Chapter 4 of the Human Factors Training Manual (Doc 9683).
*In preparation.
ANNEX 17 3-1 1/7/02
CHAPTER 3. ORGANIZATION
3.1 National organization and
appropriate authority
3.1.1 Each Contracting State shall establish and implement
a written national civil aviation security programme to safeguard
civil aviation operations against acts of unlawful interference,
through regulations, practices and procedures which take into
account the safety, regularity and efficiency of flights.
3.1.2 Each Contracting State shall designate and specify
to ICAO an appropriate authority within its administration to
be responsible for the development, implementation and
maintenance of the national civil aviation security programme.
3.1.3 Each Contracting State shall establish an organization
and develop and implement regulations, practices and pro-
cedures, which together provide the security necessary for the
operation of aircraft in normal operating conditions and capable
of responding rapidly to meet any increased security threat.
3.1.4 Each Contracting State shall keep under constant
review the level of threat to civil aviation operations within its
territory and adjust relevant elements of its national civil
aviation security programme accordingly.
3.1.5 Each Contracting State shall require the appropriate
authority to define and allocate tasks and coordinate activities
between the departments, agencies and other organizations of
the State, airport and aircraft operators and other entities con-
cerned with or responsible for the implementation of various
aspects of the national civil aviation security programme.
3.1.6 Each Contracting State shall establish a national
aviation security committee or similar arrangements for the
purpose of coordinating security activities between the depart-
ments, agencies and other organizations of the State, airport
and aircraft operators and other entities concerned with or
responsible for the implementation of various aspects of the
national civil aviation security programme.
3.1.7 Each Contracting State shall require the appropriate
authority to ensure the development and implementation of
training programmes to ensure the effectiveness of its national
civil aviation security programme. These training programmes
shall include training of civil aviation security personnel in
human performance.
Note. Guidance material on training in human
performance can be found in the Security Manual for Safe-
guarding Civil Aviation Against Acts of Unlawful Interference
(Doc 8973 Restricted); the Human Factors Digest Human
Factors in Civil Aviation Security Operations*; and in Part 2,
Chapter 1 of the Human Factors Training Manual (Doc 9683).
3.1.8 Each Contracting State shall ensure that the
appropriate authority arranges for the supporting resources and
facilities required by the aviation security services to be
available at each airport serving international civil aviation.
3.1.9 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
make available to its airport and aircraft operators operating
in its territory and other entities concerned, a written version
of the appropriate parts of its national civil aviation security
programme.
3.2 Airport operations
3.2.1 Each Contracting State shall require each airport
serving international civil aviation to establish and implement
a written airport security programme appropriate to meet the
requirements of the national aviation security programme.
3.2.2 Each Contracting State shall arrange for an authority
at each airport serving international civil aviation to be respon-
sible for coordinating the implementation of security controls.
3.2.3 Each Contracting State shall arrange for the
establishment of an airport security committee at each airport
serving international civil aviation to assist the authority
mentioned under 3.2.2 in its role of coordinating the implemen-
tation of security controls and procedures as specified in the
airport security programme.
3.2.4 Each Contracting State shall ensure that contingency
plans are developed and resources made available to safeguard
civil aviation, against acts of unlawful interference. The contin-
gency plans shall be practised and exercised on a regular basis.
3.2.5 Each Contracting State shall ensure that authorized
and suitably trained personnel are readily available for deploy-
ment at its airports serving international civil aviation to assist in
dealing with suspected, or actual, cases of unlawful interference
with civil aviation.
3.2.6 Each Contracting State shall ensure that the
architectural and infrastructure-related requirements necessary
for the optimum implementation of civil aviation security
measures are integrated into the design and construction of
new facilities and alterations to existing facilities at airports.
*In preparation.
Annex 17 Security Chapter 3
1/7/02 3-2
3.3 Aircraft operators
3.3.1 Each Contracting State shall require operators
providing service from that State to establish and implement a
written operator security programme appropriate to meet the
requirements of the national civil aviation security programme
of that State.
3.3.2 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
take into account the ICAO model as a basis for operators
security programmes.
3.3.3 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
require operators providing service from that State and partici-
pating in code-sharing or other collaborative arrangements
with other international operators to notify the appropriate
authority of the nature of these arrangements, including the
identity of the other operators.
3.4 Quality control
3.4.1 Each Contracting State shall ensure that the persons
implementing security controls are subject to background
checks and selection procedures.
3.4.2 Each Contracting State shall ensure that the persons
implementing security controls are appropriately trained and
possess all competencies required to perform their duties and
that appropriate records are maintained. Relevant standards of
performance shall be established and initial and periodic
assessments shall be introduced to maintain those standards.
3.4.3 Each Contracting State shall ensure that the persons
carrying out screening operations are certified according to the
requirements of the national civil aviation security programme.
3.4.4 Each Contracting State shall require the appropriate
authority to ensure the development, implementation and
maintenance of a national civil aviation security quality control
programme to ensure the effectiveness of its national civil
aviation security programme.
3.4.5 Each Contracting State shall arrange for surveys to
identify security needs, arrange for inspections of the implemen-
tation of security controls and arrange tests of security controls
to assess their effectiveness.
3.4.6 Each Contracting State concerned with an act of
unlawful interference shall require its appropriate authority to
re-evaluate security controls and procedures and take action
necessary to remedy weaknesses so as to prevent recurrence.
These actions shall be notified to ICAO.
3.4.7 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
require that the effectiveness of individual aviation security
measures be assessed by considering their role in the overall
system performance of aviation security systems.
ANNEX 17 4-1 1/7/02
CHAPTER 4. PREVENTIVE SECURITY MEASURES
4.1 Objective
Each Contracting State shall establish measures to prevent
weapons, explosives or any other dangerous devices which
may be used to commit an act of unlawful interference, the
carriage or bearing of which is not authorized, from being
introduced, by any means whatsoever, on board an aircraft
engaged in international civil aviation.
4.2 Measures relating to aircraft
4.2.1 Each Contracting State shall ensure that aircraft
security checks of originating aircraft assigned to international
flights are performed.
4.2.2 Each Contracting State shall require measures to be
taken in respect of flights under an increased threat to ensure
that disembarking passengers do not leave items on board the
aircraft at transit stops on its airports.
4.2.3 Each Contracting State shall require its operators to
take adequate measures to ensure that during flight unauthor-
ized persons are prevented from entering the flight crew
compartment.
4.3 Measures relating to passengers
and their cabin baggage
4.3.1 Each Contracting State shall establish measures to
ensure that originating passengers and their cabin baggage are
screened prior to boarding an aircraft engaged in international
civil aviation operations.
4.3.2 Each Contracting State shall ensure that transfer and
transit passengers and their cabin baggage are subjected to
adequate security controls to prevent unauthorized articles
from being taken on board aircraft engaged in international
civil aviation operations.
4.3.3 Each Contracting State shall ensure that there is no
possibility of mixing or contact between passengers subjected
to security control and other persons not subjected to such
control after the security screening points at airports serving
international civil aviation have been passed; if mixing or
contact does take place, the passengers concerned and their
cabin baggage shall be re-screened before boarding an aircraft.
4.4 Measures relating to hold baggage
4.4.1 Each Contracting State shall establish measures to
ensure that hold baggage is subjected to appropriate security
controls prior to being loaded into an aircraft engaged in
international civil aviation operations.
4.4.2 Each Contracting State shall establish measures to
ensure that hold baggage intended for carriage on passenger
flights is protected from unauthorized interference from the
point it is checked in, whether at an airport or elsewhere, until
it is placed on board an aircraft.
4.4.3 Each Contracting State shall establish measures to
ensure that operators when providing service from that State do
not transport the baggage of passengers who are not on board
the aircraft unless that baggage is subjected to appropriate
security controls which may include screening.
4.4.4 Each Contracting State shall require the establishment
of secure storage areas at airports serving international civil avi-
ation, where mishandled baggage may be held until forwarded,
claimed or disposed of in accordance with local laws.
4.4.5 Each Contracting State shall establish measures to
ensure that consignments checked in as baggage by courier
services for carriage on passenger aircraft engaged in inter-
national civil aviation operations are screened.
4.4.6 Each Contracting State shall ensure that transfer
hold baggage is subjected to appropriate security controls to
prevent unauthorized articles from being taken on board
aircraft engaged in international civil aviation operations.
4.4.7 Each Contracting State shall establish measures to
ensure that aircraft operators when providing a passenger
service from that State transport only hold baggage which is
authorized for carriage in accordance with the requirements
specified in the national civil aviation security programme.
4.4.8 From 1 January 2006, each Contracting State shall
establish measures to ensure that originating hold baggage
intended to be carried in an aircraft engaged in international
civil aviation operations is screened prior to being loaded into
the aircraft.
4.4.9 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
establish measures to ensure that originating hold baggage
intended to be carried in an aircraft engaged in international
civil aviation operations is screened prior to being loaded into
the aircraft.
Annex 17 Security Chapter 4
1/7/02 4-2
4.4.10 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
take the necessary measures to ensure that unidentified baggage
is placed in a protected and isolated area until such time as it is
ascertained that it does not contain any explosives or other
dangerous device.
4.5 Measures relating to
cargo, mail and other goods
4.5.1 Each Contracting State shall ensure the implemen-
tation of measures at airports serving international civil
aviation to protect cargo, baggage, mail, stores and operators
supplies being moved within an airport and intended for
carriage on an aircraft to safeguard such aircraft against an act
of unlawful interference.
4.5.2 Each Contracting State shall establish measures to
ensure that cargo, courier and express parcels and mail
intended for carriage on passenger flights are subjected to
appropriate security controls.
4.5.3 Each Contracting State shall establish measures to
ensure that operators do not accept consignments of cargo,
courier and express parcels or mail for carriage on passenger
flights unless the security of such consignments is accounted
for by a regulated agent or such consignments are subjected to
other security controls to meet the requirements of 4.5.2.
4.5.4 Each Contracting State shall establish measures to
ensure that catering supplies and operators stores and supplies
intended for carriage on passenger flights are subjected to
appropriate security controls.
4.6 Measures relating to
special categories of passengers
4.6.1 Each Contracting State shall establish measures to
ensure that the aircraft operator and the pilot-in-command are
informed when passengers are obliged to travel because they
have been the subject of judicial or administrative proceedings,
in order that appropriate security controls can be applied.
4.6.2 Each Contracting State shall ensure that the
pilot-in-command is notified as to the number of armed persons
and their seat location.
4.6.3 Each Contracting State shall require operators
providing service from that State, to include in their security
programmes, measures and procedures to ensure safety on
board their aircraft when passengers are to be carried who are
obliged to travel because they have been the subject of judicial
or administrative proceedings.
4.6.4 Each Contracting State shall ensure that the carriage
of weapons on board aircraft, by law enforcement officers and
other authorized persons, acting in the performance of their
duties, requires special authorization in accordance with the
laws of the States involved.
4.6.5 Each Contracting State shall consider requests by
any other State to allow the travel of armed personnel on board
aircraft of operators of the requesting State. Only after agree-
ment by all States involved shall such travel be allowed.
4.6.6 Each Contracting State shall ensure that the carriage
of weapons in other cases is allowed only when an authorized
and duly qualified person has determined that they are not
loaded, if applicable, and then only if stowed in a place
inaccessible to any person during flight time.
4.7 Measures relating to access control
4.7.1 Each Contracting State shall ensure that security
restricted areas are established at each airport serving inter-
national civil aviation and that procedures and identification
systems are implemented in respect of persons and vehicles.
4.7.2 Each Contracting State shall ensure that appropriate
security controls, including background checks on persons
other than passengers granted unescorted access to security
restricted areas of the airport, are implemented.
4.7.3 Each Contracting State shall require that measures
are implemented to ensure adequate supervision over the move-
ment of persons and vehicles to and from the aircraft in order
to prevent unauthorized access to aircraft.
4.7.4 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
ensure that identity documents issued to aircraft crew members
conform to the relevant specifications set forth in Doc 9303,
Machine Readable Travel Documents.
4.7.5 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
ensure that persons other than passengers being granted access
to security restricted areas, together with items carried, are
screened at random in accordance with risk assessment carried
out by the relevant national authorities.
4.7.6 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
ensure that checks specified in 4.7.2 be reapplied on a regular
basis to all persons granted unescorted access to security
restricted areas.
ANNEX 17 5-1 1/7/02
CHAPTER 5. MANAGEMENT OF RESPONSE TO ACTS OF
UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE
5.1 Prevention
5.1.1 Each Contracting State shall establish measures to
safeguard aircraft when a well-founded suspicion exists that
the aircraft may be subject to an act of unlawful interference
while on the ground and to provide as much prior notification
as possible of the arrival of such aircraft to airport authorities.
5.1.2 Each Contracting State shall establish procedures,
which include notification to the operator, for inspecting
aircraft, when a well-founded suspicion exists that the aircraft
may be the object of an act of unlawful interference, for
concealed weapons, explosives or other dangerous devices.
5.1.3 Each Contracting State shall ensure that arrangements
are made for the investigation and disposal, if necessary, of
suspected sabotage devices or other potential hazards at airports
serving international civil aviation.
5.2 Response
5.2.1 Each Contracting State shall take adequate measures
for the safety of passengers and crew of an aircraft which is
subjected to an act of unlawful interference until their journey
can be continued.
5.2.2 Each Contracting State responsible for providing air
traffic services for an aircraft which is the subject of an act of
unlawful interference shall collect all pertinent information on
the flight of that aircraft and transmit that information to all
other States responsible for the Air Traffic Services units
concerned, including those at the airport of known or presumed
destination, so that timely and appropriate safeguarding action
may be taken en route and at the aircrafts known, likely or
possible destination.
5.2.3 Each Contracting State shall provide such assistance
to an aircraft subjected to an act of unlawful seizure, including
the provision of navigation aids, air traffic services and per-
mission to land as may be necessitated by the circumstances.
5.2.4 Each Contracting State shall take measures, as it
may find practicable, to ensure that an aircraft subjected to an
act of unlawful seizure which has landed in its territory is
detained on the ground unless its departure is necessitated by
the overriding duty to protect human life. However, these
measures need to recognize the grave hazard attending further
flight. States shall also recognize the importance of consul-
tations, wherever practicable, between the State where that
aircraft has landed and the State of the Operator of the aircraft,
and notification by the State where the aircraft has landed to
the States of assumed or stated destination.
5.2.5 Each Contracting State in which an aircraft subjected
to an act of unlawful interference has landed shall notify by the
most expeditious means the State of Registry of the aircraft and
the State of the Operator of the landing and shall similarly
transmit by the most expeditious means all other relevant
information to:
a) the two above-mentioned States;
b) each State whose citizens suffered fatalities or injuries;
c) each State whose citizens were detained as hostages;
d) each Contracting State whose citizens are known to be
on board the aircraft; and
e) the International Civil Aviation Organization.
5.2.6 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
ensure that information received as a consequence of action
taken in accordance with 5.2.2 is distributed locally to the Air
Traffic Services units concerned, the appropriate airport
administrations, the operator and others concerned as soon as
practicable.
5.2.7 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
cooperate with other States for the purpose of providing a joint
response in connection with an act of unlawful interference.
When taking measures in their territory to free passengers and
crew members of an aircraft subjected to an act of unlawful
interference, each Contracting State should use, as necessary,
the experience and capability of the State of the Operator, the
State of manufacture and the State of Registry of that aircraft.
5.3 Exchange of information
and reporting
5.3.1 Each Contracting State concerned with an act of
unlawful interference shall provide ICAO with all pertinent
information concerning the security aspects of the act of
unlawful interference as soon as practicable after the act is
resolved.
Annex 17 Security Chapter 5
1/7/02 5-2
5.3.2 Recommendation. Each Contracting State should
exchange information with other States as considered appropri-
ate, at the same time supplying such information to ICAO,
related to plans, designs, equipment, methods and procedures
for safeguarding civil aviation against acts of unlawful
interference.
ANNEX 17 ATT-1 1/7/02
ATTACHMENT TO ANNEX 17
CHAPTER 3. GENERAL RULES
. . . . . .
3.7 Unlawful interference
An aircraft which is being subjected to unlawful interference
shall endeavour to notify the appropriate ATS unit of this fact,
any significant circumstances associated therewith and any
deviation from the current flight plan necessitated by the
circumstances, in order to enable the ATS unit to give priority
to the aircraft and to minimize conflict with other aircraft.
Note 1. Responsibility of ATS units in situations of
unlawful interference is contained in Annex 11.
Note 2. Guidance material for use when unlawful
interference occurs and the aircraft is unable to notify an ATS
unit of this fact is contained in Attachment B to this Annex.
Note 3. Action to be taken by SSR-equipped aircraft
which are being subjected to unlawful interference is
contained in Annex 11, the PANS-RAC (Doc 4444) and the
PANS-OPS (Doc 8168).
Note 4. Action to be taken by CPDLC-equipped aircraft
which are being subjected to unlawful interference is
contained in Annex 11, the PANS-RAC (Doc 4444), and
guidance material on the subject is contained in the Manual of
Air Traffic Services Data Link Applications (Doc 9694).
. . . . . .
ATTACHMENT B. UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE
1. General
The following procedures are intended as guidance for use by
aircraft when unlawful interference occurs and the aircraft is
unable to notify an ATS unit of this fact.
2. Procedures
2.1 Unless considerations aboard the aircraft dictate
otherwise, the pilot-in-command should attempt to continue
flying on the assigned track and at the assigned cruising level
at least until able to notify an ATS unit or within radar
coverage.
2.2 When an aircraft subjected to an act of unlawful
interference must depart from its assigned track or its assigned
cruising level without being able to make radiotelephony
contact with ATS, the pilot-in-command should, whenever
possible:
a) attempt to broadcast warnings on the VHF emergency
frequency and other appropriate frequencies, unless
considerations aboard the aircraft dictate otherwise.
Other equipment such as on-board transponders, data
links, etc., should also be used when it is advantageous
to do so and circumstances permit; and
b) proceed in accordance with applicable special
procedures for in-flight contingencies, where such
procedures have been established and promulgated in
Doc 7030 Regional Supplementary Procedures; or
c) if no applicable regional procedures have been
established, proceed at a level which differs from the
cruising levels normally used for IFR flight in the area
by 300 m (1 000 ft) if above FL 290 or by 150 m
(500 ft) if below FL 290.
Note. Action to be taken by an aircraft which is intercepted
while being subject to an act of unlawful interference is
prescribed in 3.8 of this Annex.
EXTRACTS FROM ANNEX 2 RULES OF THE AIR
Annex 17 Security Attachment
1/7/02 ATT-2
CHAPTER 13. SECURITY*
13.1 Security of the flight crew compartment
In all aeroplanes which are equipped with a flight crew
compartment door, this door shall be capable of being locked.
It shall be lockable from within the compartment only.
13.2 Aeroplane search procedure checklist
An operator shall ensure that there is on board a checklist of
the procedures to be followed in searching for a bomb in case
of suspected sabotage. The checklist shall be supported by
guidance on the course of action to be taken should a bomb or
suspicious object be found and information on the least-risk
bomb location specific to the aeroplane.
13.3 Training programmes
13.3.1 An operator shall establish and maintain a training
programme which enables crew members to act in the most
appropriate manner to minimize the consequences of acts of
unlawful interference.
13.3.2 An operator shall also establish and maintain a
training programme to acquaint appropriate employees with
preventive measures and techniques in relation to passengers,
baggage, cargo, mail, equipment, stores and supplies intended
for carriage on an aeroplane so that they contribute to the
prevention of acts of sabotage or other forms of unlawful
interference.
13.4 Reporting acts of unlawful interference
Following an act of unlawful interference, the pilot-in-
command shall submit, without delay, a report of such an act
to the designated local authority.
13.5 Miscellaneous
13.5.1 Recommendation. Specialized means of
attenuating and directing the blast should be provided for use
at the least-risk bomb location.
13.5.2 Recommendation. Where an operator accepts
the carriage of weapons removed from passengers, the
aeroplane should have provision for stowing such weapons in
a place so that they are inaccessible to any person during
flight time.
* In the context of this Chapter, the word security is used in the
sense of prevention of illicit acts against civil aviation.
EXTRACTS FROM ANNEX 6 OPERATION OF AIRCRAFT
PART I INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT AEROPLANES
Attachment Annex 17 Security
ATT-3 1/7/02
CHAPTER 1. DEFINITIONS AND
APPLICABILITY
A. Definitions
. . . . . .
Security equipment. Devices of a specialized nature for use,
individually or as part of a system, in the prevention or
detection of acts of unlawful interference with civil aviation
and its facilities.
. . . . . .
CHAPTER 2. ENTRY AND DEPARTURE
OF AIRCRAFT
A. General
. . . . . .
2.2 Contracting States shall make provision whereby
procedures for the clearance of aircraft, including those
normally applied for aviation security purposes, as well as
those appropriate for narcotics control, will be applied and
carried out in such a manner as to retain the advantage of
speed inherent in air transport.
Note. With respect to application of aviation security
measures, attention is drawn to Annex 17 and to the ICAO
Security Manual.
. . . . . .
CHAPTER 3. ENTRY AND DEPARTURE
OF PERSONS AND THEIR BAGGAGE
A. General
. . . . . .
3.2 Contracting States shall make provision whereby the
procedures for clearance of persons travelling by air, including
those normally applied for aviation security purposes, as well
as those appropriate for narcotics control, will be applied and
carried out in such a manner as to retain the advantage of
speed inherent in air transport.
Note. With respect to application of aviation security
measures, attention is drawn to Annex 17 and to the ICAO
Security Manual.
. . . . . .
C. Departure requirements
and procedures
. . . . . .
3.33 Contracting States shall, in conformity with their
respective regulations, endeavour to reduce the documentation
required to be produced by passengers departing from their
territories to a valid passport or other acceptable form of
identity document.
Note. It is understood that such documentation should
include a valid visa if required.
3.34 Contracting States shall not require the presentation
or inspection of baggage of passengers departing from their
territory, except for aviation security measures or in special
circumstances.
Note. This provision is not intended to prevent the appli-
cation of appropriate narcotics control measures and specific
customs control where required.
. . . . . .
CHAPTER 4. ENTRY AND DEPARTURE
OF CARGO AND OTHER ARTICLES
A. General
. . . . . .
4.2 Contracting States shall make provisions whereby
procedures for the clearance of goods carried by air and for the
interchange of air cargo with surface transport, including those
normally applied for aviation security purposes as well as
those appropriate for narcotics control, will be applied and
carried out in such a manner as to retain the advantage of
speed inherent in air transport and to avoid delay.
Note. With respect to application of aviation security
measures, attention is drawn to Annex 17 and to the ICAO
Security Manual.
EXTRACTS FROM ANNEX 9 FACILITATION
Annex 17 Security Attachment
1/7/02 ATT-4
. . . . . .
C. Clearance of export cargo
. . . . . .
4.13 Contracting States shall make arrangements
consistent with aviation security, as well as those appropriate
for narcotics control, which permit operators to select and load
cargo, including unaccompanied baggage, and stores on
outbound aircraft up to the time of departure.
. . . . . .
4.15 Except for reasons of aviation security, Contracting
States shall not normally require physical examination of
cargo, including unaccompanied baggage, to be exported by
air.
Note. This provision is not intended to prevent auth-
orities from examining goods exported under certain
conditions, e.g. under bond, licence or drawback, nor is it
intended to preclude other essential examinations including
any appropriate narcotics control measures.
. . . . . .
4.17 Contracting States shall permit cargo, including
unaccompanied baggage which is to be exported by air, to be
presented for clearance purposes at any approved customs
office. Transfer from the first office to the air customs office
of the airport where the cargo, including unaccompanied
baggage, is to be laden on the aircraft, shall be effected in
accordance with the procedure laid down in the laws and
regulations of the State concerned. Such procedure shall be as
simple as possible, making due allowance for aviation security
requirements, and any appropriate narcotics control measures.
. . . . . .
G. Aircraft equipment, stores and parts
. . . . . .
4.48 Recommended Practice. Ground equipment and
security equipment imported into the territory of a Contracting
State by an airline of another Contracting State for use within
the limits of an international airport in connection with the
establishment or maintenance of an international service
operated by that airline should be admitted free of customs
duties and, as far as possible, other taxes and charges, subject
to compliance with the regulations of the Contracting State
concerned. Such regulations should not unreasonably interfere
with the necessary use by the airline concerned of such ground
equipment and security equipment.
Note. It is the intent of this provision that items such as
the following should be admissible under the above provision,
and it is not desired to discourage a Contracting State from
allowing once-admitted items to be used by another foreign
airline or at a location other than an international airport:
. . . . . .
e) Security equipment:
weapon-detecting devices;
explosives-detecting devices;
intrusion-detecting devices.
f) Component parts for incorporation into security
equipment.
. . . . . .
4.51 Contracting States shall establish procedures for
airlines and/or operators of other Contracting States allowing
the prompt entry into or departure from their territories of
aircraft equipment, spare parts, ground, training and security
equipment, whether or not they are free of customs duties and
other taxes and charges, under the provisions of this Annex or
any other arrangements. Contracting States shall grant prompt
clearance for the importation and exportation of such goods
upon completion of simplified documentary procedures by the
airlines or operators concerned. These arrangements shall not
extend to goods intended for general sale, food, beverages and
tobacco.
. . . . . .
4.53 Contracting States shall allow the loan of aircraft
equipment and spare parts and security equipment and spare
parts between airlines, when these are used in connection with
the establishment or maintenance of scheduled international
air services, without payment of customs duties or other taxes
or charges subject only to control measures which may
provide that repayment of the loan is normally to be ac-
complished by means of the return of articles that are
qualitatively and technically similar and of the same origin,
and in any event that no profit-making transaction is involved.
. . . . . .
CHAPTER 6. INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS
FACILITIES AND SERVICES FOR TRAFFIC
A. General
6.1 Contracting States shall take all necessary steps to
secure the co-operation of operators and airport adminis-
trations in ensuring that satisfactory facilities and services are
Attachment Annex 17 Security
ATT-5 1/7/02
provided for rapid handling and clearance of passengers, crew,
baggage, cargo and mail at their international airports. Such
facilities and services shall be flexible and capable of
expansion to meet anticipated growth in traffic volume, or
increased security measures during higher threat situations,
while permitting appropriate narcotics control measures.
Note. With respect to the application of aviation security
measures, attention is drawn to the relevant specification in
Annex 17, Chapter 2 [2.2].
. . . . . .
B. Airport traffic flow arrangements
. . . . . .
III. Outbound passengers, crew and baggage
. . . . . .
6.22 Recommended Practice. In order to facilitate
aircraft departure, Contracting States, in examining
passengers as a security measure, or for purposes of narcotics
control as appropriate, should, to the extent feasible, utilize
specialized equipment in conducting such examinations so as
to reduce materially the number of persons to be searched by
other means.
Note 1. The use of radiological techniques for screening
passengers should be avoided.
Note 2. Privacy should be assured when a thorough
physical search is to be carried out. If special rooms are not
available, portable screens may be used for this purpose.
6.23 Recommended Practice. In order to facilitate
aircraft departure, Contracting States, in examining baggage
of passengers departing from their territory as a security
measure, or for narcotics control purposes as appropriate,
should, to the extent feasible, utilize specialized equipment in
conducting such examinations so as to reduce materially the
amount of baggage to be searched by other means.
. . . . . .
V. Transit and transfer of
passengers and crew
. . . . . .
6.34 Recommended Practice. Contracting States
should ensure that physical facilities at airports are provided,
where the volume and nature of the traffic so require, whereby
crew and passengers in direct transit on the same aircraft, or
transferring to other flights, may remain temporarily without
being subject to inspection formalities, except for aviation
security measures, or in special circumstances.
Note. This provision is not intended to prevent the appli-
cation of appropriate narcotics control measures.
. . . . . .
VII. Cargo and mail handling and
clearance facilities
. . . . . .
6.44 Recommended Practice. Adequate space should
be available in cargo terminals for storage and handling of air
cargo, including building up and breaking down of pallet and
container loads, located next to the customs area and easily
accessible to authorized persons and vehicles from both the
apron and the landside road. Such arrangements should take
into account aviation security and appropriate narcotics
control measures.
. . . . . .
6.46 Recommended Practice. Cargo terminals should
be equipped with storage facilities as appropriate for special
cargo (e.g. valuable goods, perishable shipments, human
remains, radioactive and other dangerous goods, as well as
live animals). Those areas of cargo terminals in which general
and special cargo and mail are stored prior to shipment by air
should be protected against access by unauthorized persons at
all times.
. . . . .
CHAPTER 8. OTHER FACILITATION
PROVISIONS
A. Bonds and exemption from
requisition or seizure
. . . . . .
8.2 Recommended Practice. The aircraft, ground
equipment, security equipment, spare parts and technical
supplies of an airline located in a Contracting State (other
than the Contracting State in which such airline is established)
for use in the operation of an international air service serving
such Contracting State, should be exempt from the laws of
such Contracting State authorizing the requisition or seizure
of aircraft, equipment, parts or supplies for public use, without
prejudice to the right of seizure for breaches of the laws of the
Contracting State concerned.
Annex 17 Security Attachment
1/7/02 ATT-6
CHAPTER 2. GENERAL
. . . . . .
2.1 SECONDARY SURVEILLANCE RADAR (SSR)
. . . . . .
2.1.4 Mode A reply codes (information pulses)
. . . . . .
2.1.4.2.1 Code 7700 to provide recognition of an aircraft in an emergency.
. . . . . .
2.1.4.2.3 Code 7500 to provide recognition of an aircraft which is being subjected to unlawful interference.
2.1.4.3 Appropriate provisions shall be made in ground decoding equipment to ensure immediate recognition of Mode A
codes 7500, 7600 and 7700.
CHAPTER 2. GENERAL
. . . . . .
2.22 Service to aircraft in the event
of an emergency
2.22.1 An aircraft known or believed to be in a state of
emergency, including being subjected to unlawful inter-
ference, shall be given maximum consideration, assistance and
priority over other aircraft as may be necessitated by the
circumstances.
Note. To indicate that it is in a state of emergency, an
aircraft equipped with an appropriate data link capability
and/or an SSR transponder might operate the equipment as
follows:
a) on Mode A, Code 7700; or
b) on Mode A, Code 7500, to indicate specifically that it is
being subjected to unlawful interference; or
c) activate the appropriate emergency and/or urgency
capability of ADS; or
d) transmit the appropriate emergency message via CPDLC.
. . . . . .
2.22.2 When an occurrence of unlawful interference with
an aircraft takes place or is suspected, ATS units shall attend
promptly to requests by the aircraft. Information pertinent to
the safe conduct of the flight shall continue to be transmitted
and necessary action shall be taken to expedite the conduct of
all phases of the flight, especially the safe landing of the
aircraft.
. . . . . .
EXTRACTS FROM ANNEX 10 AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS,
VOLUME IV (SURVEILLANCE RADAR AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEMS)
EXTRACTS FROM ANNEX 11 AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES
Attachment Annex 17 Security
ATT-7 1/7/02
CHAPTER 5. ALERTING SERVICE
5.1 Application
5.1.1 Alerting service shall be provided:
. . . . . .
c) to any aircraft known or believed to be the subject of
unlawful interference.
. . . . . .
5.2 Notification of rescue
coordination centres
5.2.1 Without prejudice to any other circumstances that
may render such notification advisable, air traffic services
units shall, except as prescribed in 5.5.1, notify rescue coordi-
nation centres immediately an aircraft is considered to be in a
state of emergency in accordance with the following:
. . . . . .
b) Alert phase when:
. . . . . .
except when evidence exists that would allay apprehen-
sion as to the safety of the aircraft and its occupants, or
when
4) an aircraft is known or believed to be the subject of
unlawful interference.
. . . . . .
5.5 Information to the operator
5.5.1 When an area control or a flight information centre
decides that an aircraft is in the uncertainty or the alert phase,
it shall, when practicable, advise the operator prior to notifying
the rescue coordination centre.
Note. If an aircraft is in the distress phase, the rescue
coordination centre has to be notified immediately in
accordance with 5.2.1.
5.5.2 All information notified to the rescue coordination
centre by an area control or flight information centre shall,
whenever practicable, also be communicated, without delay, to
the operator.
5.6 Information to aircraft operating in
the vicinity of an aircraft in
a state of emergency
5.6.1 When it has been established by an air traffic
services unit that an aircraft is in a state of emergency, other
aircraft known to be in the vicinity of the aircraft involved
shall, except as provided in 5.6.2, be informed of the nature of
the emergency as soon as practicable.
5.6.2 When an air traffic services unit knows or believes
that an aircraft is being subjected to unlawful interference, no
reference shall be made in ATS air-ground communications to
the nature of the emergency unless it has first been referred to
in communications from the aircraft involved and it is certain
that such reference will not aggravate the situation.
Annex 17 Security Attachment
1/7/02 ATT-8
CHAPTER 5. INVESTIGATION
. . . . . .
ORGANIZATION AND CONDUCT OF THE
INVESTIGATION
. . . . . .
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE STATE
CONDUCTING THE INVESTIGATION
. . . . . .
Informing aviation security authorities
5.11 If, in the course of an investigation it becomes
known, or it is suspected, that an act of unlawful interference
was involved, the investigator-in-charge shall immediately
initiate action to ensure that the aviation security authorities of
the State(s) concerned are so informed.
CHAPTER 3. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
. . . . . .
3.13 Isolated aircraft parking position
3.13.1 An isolated aircraft parking position shall be
designated or the aerodrome control tower shall be advised of
an area or areas suitable for the parking of an aircraft which is
known or believed to be the subject of unlawful interference,
or which for other reasons needs isolation from normal
aerodrome activities.
3.13.2 Recommendation. The isolated aircraft
parking position should be located at the maximum distance
practicable and in any case never less than 100 m from other
parking positions, buildings or public areas, etc. Care should
be taken to ensure that the position is not located over
underground utilities such as gas and aviation fuel and, to the
extent feasible, electrical or communication cables.
. . . . . .
CHAPTER 5. VISUAL AIDS FOR NAVIGATION
. . . . . .
5.3 Lights
. . . . . .
5.3.21 Apron floodlighting
(see also 5.3.15.1 and 5.3.16.1)
Application
5.3.21.1 Recommendation. Apron floodlighting should
be provided on an apron, on a de-icing/anti-icing facility and
on a designated isolated aircraft parking position intended to
be used at night.
Note 1. Where a de-icing/anti-icing facility is located in
close proximity to the runway and permanent floodlighting
could be confusing to pilots, other means of illumination of the
facility may be required.
EXTRACTS FROM ANNEX 13 AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT INVESTIGATION
EXTRACTS FROM ANNEX 14 AERODROMES,
VOLUME I AERODROME DESIGN AND OPERATIONS
Attachment Annex 17 Security
ATT-9 1/7/02
Note 2. The designation of an isolated aircraft parking
position is specified in 3.13.
Note 3. Guidance on apron floodlighting is given in the
Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 4.
. . . . . .
CHAPTER 8. EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATIONS
8.1 Secondary power supply
General
Application
8.1.1 Recommendation. A secondary power supply
should be provided, capable of supplying the power require-
ments of at least the aerodrome facilities listed below:
. . . . . .
e) essential security lighting, if provided in accordance with
8.5;
. . . . . .
8.4 Fencing
Application
. . . . . .
8.4.2 Recommendation. A fence or other suitable
barrier should be provided on an aerodrome to deter the
inadvertent or premeditated access of an unauthorized person
onto a non-public area of the aerodrome.
Note 1. This is intended to include the barring of sewers,
ducts, tunnels, etc., where necessary to prevent access.
Note 2. Special measures may be required to prevent the
access of an unauthorized person to runways or taxiways
which overpass public roads.
8.4.3 Recommendation. Suitable means of protection
should be provided to deter the inadvertent or premeditated
access of unauthorized persons into ground installations and
facilities essential for the safety of civil aviation located off the
aerodrome.
Location
8.4.4 Recommendation. The fence or barrier should
be located so as to separate the movement area and other
facilities or zones on the aerodrome vital to the safe operation
of aircraft from areas open to public access.
8.4.5 Recommendation. When greater security is
thought necessary, a cleared area should be provided on both
sides of the fence or barrier to facilitate the work of patrols
and to make trespassing more difficult. Consideration should
be given to the provision of a perimeter road inside the
aerodrome fencing for the use of both maintenance personnel
and security patrols.
8.5 Security lighting
Recommendation. At an aerodrome where it is deemed
desirable for security reasons, a fence or other barrier pro-
vided for the protection of international civil aviation and its
facilities should be illuminated at a minimum essential level.
Consideration should be given to locating lights so that the
ground area on both sides of the fence or barrier, particularly
at access points, is illuminated.
. . . . . .
CHAPTER 9. EMERGENCY AND OTHER SERVICES
9.1 Aerodrome emergency planning
General
Introductory Note. Aerodrome emergency planning is the
process of preparing an aerodrome to cope with an emergency
occurring at the aerodrome or in its vicinity. The objective of
aerodrome emergency planning is to minimize the effects of an
emergency, particularly in respect of saving lives and main-
taining aircraft operations. The aerodrome emergency plan
sets forth the procedures for coordinating the response of
different aerodrome agencies (or services) and of those
agencies in the surrounding community that could be of assist-
ance in responding to the emergency. Guidance material to
assist the appropriate authority in establishing aerodrome
emergency planning is given in the Airport Services Manual,
Part 7.
9.1.1 An aerodrome emergency plan shall be established
at an aerodrome, commensurate with the aircraft operations
and other activities conducted at the aerodrome.
9.1.2 The aerodrome emergency plan shall provide for the
coordination of the actions to be taken in an emergency
occurring at an aerodrome or in its vicinity.
Note. Examples of emergencies are: aircraft emerg-
encies, sabotage including bomb threats, unlawfully seized
aircraft, dangerous goods occurrences, building fires and
natural disasters.
Annex 17 Security Attachment
1/7/02 ATT-10
9.1.3 The plan shall coordinate the response or partici-
pation of all existing agencies which, in the opinion of the
appropriate authority, could be of assistance in responding to
an emergency.
Note. Examples of agencies are:
on the aerodrome: air traffic control unit, rescue and fire
fighting services, aerodrome administration, medical and
ambulance services, aircraft operators, security services,
and police;
off the aerodrome: fire departments, police, medical and
ambulance services, hospitals, military, and harbour
patrol or coast guard.
9.1.4 Recommendation. The plan should provide for
cooperation and coordination with the rescue coordination
centre, as necessary.
9.1.5 Recommendation. The aerodrome emergency
plan document should include at least the following:
a) types of emergencies planned for;
b) agencies involved in the plan;
c) responsibility and role of each agency, the emergency
operations centre and the command post, for each type
of emergency;
d) information on names and telephone numbers of offices
or people to be contacted in the case of a particular
emergency; and
e) a grid map of the aerodrome and its immediate vicinity.
. . . . . .
Emergency operations centre and command post
9.1.7 Recommendation. A fixed emergency operations
centre and a mobile command post should be available for use
during an emergency.
9.1.8 Recommendation. The emergency operations
centre should be a part of the aerodrome facilities and should
be responsible for the overall coordination and general
direction of the response to an emergency.
9.1.9 Recommendation. The command post should be
a facility capable of being moved rapidly to the site of an
emergency, when required, and should undertake the local
coordination of those agencies responding to the emergency.
9.1.10 Recommendation. A person should be assigned
to assume control of the emergency operations centre and,
when appropriate, another person the command post.
Communication system
9.1.11 Recommendation. Adequate communication
systems linking the command post and the emergency oper-
ations centre with each other and with the participating
agencies should be provided in accordance with the plan and
consistent with the particular requirements of the aerodrome.
Aerodrome emergency exercise
9.1.12 The plan shall contain procedures for periodic
testing of the adequacy of the plan and for reviewing the
results in order to improve its effectiveness.
Note. The plan includes all participating agencies and
associated equipment.
9.1.13 The plan shall be tested by conducting:
a) a full-scale aerodrome emergency exercise at intervals
not exceeding two years; and
b) partial emergency exercises in the intervening year to
ensure that any deficiencies found during the full-scale
aerodrome emergency exercise have been corrected; and
reviewed thereafter, or after an actual emergency, so as to
correct any deficiency found during such exercises or actual
emergency.
Note. The purpose of a full-scale exercise is to ensure the
adequacy of the plan to cope with different types of
emergencies. The purpose of a partial exercise is to ensure the
adequacy of the response to individual participating agencies
and components of the plan, such as the communications
system.
Attachment Annex 17 Security
ATT-11 1/7/02
CHAPTER 2. APPLICABILITY
. . . . . .
2.2 Dangerous Goods Technical Instructions
2.2.1 Each Contracting State shall take the necessary
measures to achieve compliance with the detailed provisions
contained in the Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport
of Dangerous Goods by Air (Doc 9284), approved and issued
periodically in accordance with the procedure established by
the ICAO Council. Each Contracting State shall also take the
necessary measures to achieve compliance with any amend-
ment to the Technical Instructions which may be published
during the specified period of applicability of an edition of the
Technical Instructions.
2.2.2 Recommendation. Each Contracting State
should inform ICAO of difficulties encountered in the
application of the Technical Instructions and of any
amendments which it would be desirable to make to them.
. . . . . .
CHAPTER 10. ESTABLISHMENT OF
TRAINING PROGRAMMES
Dangerous goods training programmes shall be established
and updated as provided for in the Technical Instructions.
EXTRACTS FROM ANNEX 18 THE SAFE TRANSPORT OF
DANGEROUS GOODS BY AIR
Annex 17 Security Attachment
1/7/02 ATT-12
Part 1. GENERAL
. . . . . .
+ Chapter 4
TRAINING
Parts of this Chapter are affected by State Variations CA 5, HK 1;
see Table A-1
4.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF
TRAINING PROGRAMMES
4.1.1 Initial and recurrent dangerous goods training
programmes must be established and maintained by or on behalf
of:
. . . . . .
g) agencies engaged in the security screening of passengers
and their baggage.
CHAPTER 5. SEPARATION METHODS AND
MINIMA
. . . . . .
5.2 GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR THE
SEPARATION OF CONTROLLED TRAFFIC
. . . . . .
5.2.1.2 Larger separations than the specified minima
should be applied whenever exceptional circumstances such as
unlawful interference or navigational difficulties call for extra
precautions. This should be done with due regard to all relevant
factors so as to avoid impeding the flow of air traffic by the
application of excessive separations.
Note Unlawful interference with an aircraft constitutes a
case of exceptional circumstances which might require the
application of separations larger than the specified minima,
between the aircraft being subjected to unlawful interference
and other aircraft.
. . . . . .
EXTRACTS FROM DOC 9284 TECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS
FOR THE SAFE TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS BY AIR
EXTRACTS FROM THE PROCEDURES FOR AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES
AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT (DOC 4444)
Attachment Annex 17 Security
ATT-13 1/7/02
CHAPTER 15. PROCEDURES RELATED TO EMERGENCIES,
COMMUNICATION FAILURE AND CONTINGENCIES
15.1 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
15.1.1 General
15.1.1.1 The various circumstances surrounding each
emergency situation preclude the establishment of exact
detailed procedures to be followed. The procedures outlined
herein are intended as a general guide to air traffic services
personnel. Air traffic control units shall maintain full and
complete coordination, and personnel shall use their best
judgement in handling emergency situations.
Note 1. Additional radar procedures to be applied in
relation to emergencies and contingencies are contained in
Chapter 8, 8.8.1
Note 2. If the pilot of an aircraft encountering a state of
emergency has previously been directed by ATC to operate the
transponder on a specific code, that code will normally be
maintained unless, in special circumstances, the pilot has
decided or has been advised otherwise. Where ATC has not
requested a code to be set, the pilot will set the transponder to
Mode A Code 7700.
15.1.1.2 When an emergency is declared by an aircraft,
the ATS unit should take appropriate and relevant action as
follows:
a) unless clearly stated by the flight crew or otherwise
known, take all necessary steps to ascertain aircraft
identification and type, the type of emergency, the
intentions of the flight crew as well as the position and
level of the aircraft;
b) decide upon the most appropriate type of assistance
which can be rendered;
c) enlist the aid of any other ATS unit or other services
which may be able to provide assistance to the aircraft;
d) provide the flight crew with any information requested
as well as any additional relevant information, such as
details on suitable aerodromes, minimum safe alti-
tudes, weather information;
e) obtain from the operator or the flight crew such of the
following information as may be relevant: number of
persons on board, amount of fuel remaining, possible
presence of hazardous materials and the nature thereof;
and
f) notify the appropriate ATS units and authorities as
specified in local instructions.
15.1.1.3 Changes of radio frequency and SSR code
should be avoided if possible and should normally be made
only when or if an improved service can be provided to the
aircraft concerned. Manoeuvring instructions to an aircraft
experiencing engine failure should be limited to a minimum.
When appropriate, other aircraft operating in the vicinity of the
aircraft in emergency should be advised of the circumstances.
Note. Requests to the flight crew for the information
contained in 15.1.1.2 e) will be made only if the information
is not available from the operator or from other sources and
will be limited to essential information.
15.1.2 Priority
An aircraft known or believed to be in a state of emergency,
including being subjected to unlawful interference, shall be
given priority over other aircraft.
15.1.3 Unlawful interference and aircraft
bomb threat
15.1.3.1 Air traffic services personnel shall be prepared
to recognize any indication of the occurrence of unlawful
interference with an aircraft.
15.1.3.2 Whenever unlawful interference with an aircraft
is suspected, and where automatic distinct display of SSR
Mode A Code 7500 and Code 7700 is not provided, the radar
controller shall attempt to verify any suspicion by setting the
SSR decoder to Mode A Code 7500 and thereafter to
Code 7700.
Note. An aircraft equipped with an SSR transponder is
expected to operate the transponder on Mode A Code 7500 to
indicate specifically that it is the subject of unlawful
interference. The aircraft may operate the transponder on
Mode A Code 7700, to indicate that it is threatened by grave
and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance.
15.1.3.3 Whenever unlawful interference with an aircraft
is known or suspected or a bomb threat warning has been
received, ATS units shall promptly attend to requests by, or to
anticipated needs of, the aircraft, including requests for
relevant information relating to air navigation facilities,
procedures and services along the route of flight and at any
aerodrome of intended landing, and shall take such action as is
necessary to expedite the conduct of all phases of the flight.
15.1.3.3.1 ATS units shall also:
Annex 17 Security Attachment
1/7/02 ATT-14
a) transmit, and continue to transmit, information
pertinent to the safe conduct of the flight, without
expecting a reply from the aircraft;
b) monitor and plot the progress of the flight with the
means available, and coordinate transfer of control
with adjacent ATS units without requiring trans-
missions or other responses from the aircraft, unless
communication with the aircraft remains normal;
c) inform, and continue to keep informed, appropriate
ATS units, including those in adjacent FIRs, which
may be concerned with the progress of the flight;
Note. In applying this provision, account must be
taken of all the factors which may affect the progress of
the flight, including fuel endurance and the possibility of
sudden changes in route and destination. The objective
is to provide, as far in advance as is practicable in the
circumstances, each ATS unit with appropriate infor-
mation as to the expected or possible penetration of the
aircraft into its area of responsibility.
d) notify:
1) the operator or its designated representative;
2) the appropriate rescue coordination centre in
accordance with appropriate alerting procedures;
3) the designated security authority;
Note. It is assumed that the designated security
authority and/or the operator will in turn notify other
parties concerned in accordance with pre-established
procedures.
e) relay appropriate messages, relating to the circum-
stances associated with the unlawful interference,
between the aircraft and designated authorities.
15.1.3.4 The following additional procedures shall apply
if a threat is received indicating that a bomb or other explosive
device has been placed on board a known aircraft. The ATS
unit receiving the threat information shall:
a) if in direct communication with the aircraft, advise the
flight crew without delay of the threat and the circum-
stances surrounding the threat; or
b) if not in direct communication with the aircraft, advise
the flight crew by the most expeditious means through
other ATS units or other channels.
15.1.3.5 The ATS unit in communication with the aircraft
shall ascertain the intentions of the flight crew and report those
intentions to other ATS units which may be concerned with the
flight.
15.1.3.6 The aircraft shall be handled in the most
expeditious manner whilst ensuring, to the extent possible, the
safety of other aircraft and that personnel and ground
installations are not put at risk.
15.1.3.7 Aircraft in flight shall be given re-clearance to a
requested new destination without delay. Any request by the
flight crew to climb or descend for the purpose of equalizing
or reducing the differential between the outside air pressure
and the cabin air pressure shall be approved as soon as
possible.
15.1.3.8 An aircraft on the ground should be advised to
remain as far away from other aircraft and installations as
possible and, if appropriate, to vacate the runway. The aircraft
should be instructed to taxi to a designated or isolated parking
area in accordance with local instructions. Should the flight
crew disembark passengers and crew immediately, other
aircraft, vehicles and personnel should be kept at a safe
distance from the threatened aircraft.
15.1.3.9 ATS units shall not provide any advice or
suggestions concerning action to be taken by the flight crew in
relation to an explosive device.
15.1.3.10 An aircraft known or believed to be the subject
of unlawful interference or which for other reasons needs
isolation from normal aerodrome activities shall be cleared to
the designated isolated parking position. Where such an
isolated parking position has not been designated, or if the
designated position is not available, the aircraft shall be
cleared to a position within the area or areas selected by prior
agreement with the aerodrome authority. The taxi clearance
shall specify the taxi route to be followed to the parking
position. This route shall be selected with a view to mini-
mizing any security risks to the public, other aircraft and
installations at the aerodrome.
Note. See Annex 14, Volume I, Chapter 3.
Attachment Annex 17 Security
ATT-15 1/7/02
PART VIII. SECONDARY SURVEILLANCE RADAR (SSR)
TRANSPONDER OPERATING PROCEDURES
Chapter 1
OPERATION OF TRANSPONDERS
. . . . . .
1.4 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
1.4.1 The pilot of an aircraft encountering a state of
emergency shall set the transponder to Mode A Code 7700
except when previously directed by ATC to operate the
transponder on a specified code. In the latter case the pilot
shall maintain the specified code unless otherwise advised by
ATC.
1.4.2 Notwithstanding the procedures at 1.4.1, a pilot
may select Mode A Code 7700 whenever there is a specific
reason to believe that this would be the best course of action.
. . . . . .
1.6 UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE
WITH AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT
1.6.1 Should an aircraft in flight be subjected to
unlawful interference, the pilot-in-command shall endeavour
to set the transponder to Mode A Code 7500 to give indication
of the situation unless circumstances warrant the use of
Code 7700.
1.6.2 A pilot, having selected Mode A Code 7500 and
subsequently requested to confirm this code by ATC in
accordance with 1.1.5 shall, according to circumstances, either
confirm this or not reply at all.
Note. The absence of a reply from the pilot will be taken
by ATC as an indication that the use of Code 7500 is not due
to an inadvertent false code selection.
END
EXTRACTS FROM THE PROCEDURES FOR AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES
AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS (DOC 8168), VOLUME I FLIGHT PROCEDURES