)KKjR)RcXT)t)KcKR)KVJ
))a[J)rJ)K[TJ)\[nT
))KjR)UKXTJ)uJ)Rul
2008)KcKR)aKuJ)caJ
))Khhhhhh[J)ahhhhh[))))C))))bKTjJ
))
))UJiJicR)kaKjJ)a[)MTJ)KVJ
...
))C)J)hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhcTJ
JG JJG JJG
O , i , j , k ) A ( 0, 1,1 ) B (1, 1,0
) (S :
2
.1 :
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2x 4z + 2 = 0
. x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2x 4z + 2 = 0 ( x 1) + y 2 + ( z 2 ) = 3
2
(S ) (1,0, 2 . R = 3 02 + ( 1) + 12 2 0 4 1 + 2 = 0 : ) . A ( S
2
JJJJG 0 JJJJJG 1
1 1 JG 0 1 JG 0 1 JJG JG JG JJG
= OA OB
i
j+
.2 OB 1 : OA 1 k = i + j + k :
1 1
1 0
1 0
1
0
JJJG
JJJJG
JJJJG JJJJG
. OA OB (1,1,1) :
JJJJG JJJJG
.3 OA OB (1,1,1) : ) . (OAB ) (OAB
x + y + z +d = 0
) O (OAB
A ) : (OAB
x + y +z =0
3
= 3=R
3
) . (OAB
1+ 0 + 2
12 + 12 + 12
= ) . d , (OAB
) (OAB ) (S A ) A ( S ) . A (OAB
))C)hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhKVJ)cTJ
.1 ^
. z 2 6z + 34 = 0 : . = ( 3) 1 34 = 9 34 = 25 = ( 5i ) :
2
b + i ( 3) + 5i
=
= 3 + 5i
1
a
= z1
} = {3 5i , 3 + 5i
b i ( 3) 5i
=
= 3 5i
1
a
JJG JJG
= z2
.S
.2 O ,e1 ,e 2 A B C
JG
a = 3 + 5i b = 3 5i . c = 7 + 3i ) M ( z ) M ( z T u
. 4 2i
- :
JG
)(
JG
JJJJJJG
M = T ( M ) MM = u z = z + aff u z = z + 4 2i
a + 4 2i = 3 + 5i + 4 2i = 7 + 3i = c : C = T ( A ) : C A . T
- :
) b c 3 5i 7 3i 4 8i 2i ( 4 + 2i
=
=
=
= 2i
a c 3 + 5i 7 3i 4 + 2i
4 + 2i
b c
- = 2i = 2, :
a c
2
. :
b c
2
a c
arg
CB b c
=
ABC C = 2 :
CA a c
1
. BC = 2AC :
JJJG JJJG
) (CA ,CB
JJJG JJJG
) (CA ,CB
.
)))C)WhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhKVJ)cTJ
))
) (
.1 ) ( . ::
RRV
-
- : 1
15 3 + 6 3 + 1 16
=
84
21
: 2
:A
RRV
+ C 33
RV V
C 2C 1 + C 61C 32
. 6 3
C 93
:
3
6
3
9
VVV
:A RRR -
C
20 64 16
= = 1
=
C
84 84 21
.C
C 62 C 31 15 3 15
=
=
.
84
28
C 93
p
n
. -
) (
. p ( A ) = 1 p A = 1
.2 ) ( .
::
:
))C)vhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhRJcJ)cTJ
A63 120 5
=
=
A93 504 21
A np
...
))C)J)iXJ
g 0, + g ( x ) = x 2ln x :
.1 - x 0, + :
x 2
- :
x
:
2 x 2
=
x
x
g ( x ) = ( x 2ln x ) = 1
= ) x 0, + : g ( x
x 0,2 x 2 x 2 0
) g ( x
0, +
x 2, + x 2 x 2 0
0,2 . 2, +
x 2
. :
e > 2 1 > ln 2 1 ln 2 > 0
.2 :
. g ( 2 ) = 2 1 ln 2 > 0 :
g ( 2 ) = 2 1 ln 2 : g 0, +
x 0, + : g ( x ) g ( 2 ) > 0
. :
))C)KVJ)iXJ
2
f 0, + f ( x ) = x ( ln x ) :
.1 = :
lim f ( x ) = lim x ln x :
x 0
x >0
x 0
x >0
) (C x = 0
.2 - . t = x : :
x t
+
+
. lim ln x
x 0
x >0
ln t
. = 0
t
2
lim :
t +
) (
ln t
2
= t lim
=0
+
t
2
ln t 2
) ln x
(
ln x
lim
lim
lim
=
=
x +
x +
t +
x
x
t
2
) ( ln x
( ln x )2
- = + :
f ( x ) = lim x ( ln x ) = lim x 1
xlim = 0 :
+
x +
x +
x
x
( ln x )2
) f (x
. lim
= 1 :
= lim 1
x + x
x +
x
2
lim f ( x ) x = xlim
- x ( ln x ) x = lim ( ln x ) = :
x +
+
x +
(C + ) ( :
y =x
...
(C ) ( .
) = 1 2ln ( x ) ln x
) g ( x 0, + : f ( x ) > 0 :
x +
- x 0, + : f ( x ) x = ( ln x ) 0 :
) g (x
2ln x x 2ln x
.3 - x 0, + :
= 1
=
=
2
. lim
. x
) ( x ) = ( x ( ln x
.f
. 0, +
- ) (C 1 . y = f (1)( x 1) + f (1) y = x :
.4 :
. 0, +:
J :
\ = J = f 0, + = lim f ( x ) , lim f ( x ) = , + I = 0, + 0 J
0
x +
xx
>0
f ( x ) = 0 . I = 0, +
2
1 1
1 1
1
1e
= f = 1 ) f = ( ln 2 ) > 0
< 0 :
e
2
2 2
e e
<
1
1
< < :
e
2
.5 ) : (C
I (e ,e 1) . 0,4948664145 ) (C
.( ln 2
.6 - 0, + : H ( x ) = ( x ln x x ) = x ln x + xln x 1 = ln x :
ln : x 6 ln x 0, + :
. x :
2,7
.e
H : x 6 x ln x x
1 ln ( x ) dx = H ( x )1 = H (e ) H (1) = 0 ( 1) = 1
e
- :
e
dx = H ( x ) ln ( x ) dx = H ( x ) ln ( x ) H ( x ) ln ( x ) dx
1
1
1
e x ln x x
= H (e ) ln (e ) H (1) ln (1)
dx
1
x
e
e
= ( ln ( x ) 1) dx = ln ( x ) dx + (e 1) = e 2
e
) 1 ln ( x
e
- - ) (C
) (
)( x ) )dx = ( ln x ) dx = e 2 0,7 (u .a.
2
x =1 x = e
f ( x ) x dx = ( x f
e
= A
))C)WKVJ)iXJ
`(u n )n
.1 :
9
` n
n ` : 1 u n 2
n = 0
u 0 = 2 : . 1 u 0 2 :
9 ` . n
. 1 u n 2 :
: 1 u n +1 2 :
. 0, + :
:
9 :
u 0 = 2
; ) u n +1 = f (u n
n ` : 1 u n 2
.2 ` . n 0 :
1 u n 2 f (1) f (u n ) f ( 2 ) 1 u n +1 2
f ( 2 ) 2 = ( ln 2 ) 0 f ( 2 ) 2
2
) . u n +1 u n = f (u n ) u n = ln (u n (u n )n` : .
.3 ` (u n )n 1 . :
9
. 1,2
. 1,2 :
u 0 = 2 1,2
(u n )n` 9
:
:
( 1,2 ) = f (1) , f ( 2) 1, 2
. f ( 2 ) 2 :
f (l ) = l
l 1,2
f ( l ) = l l ( ln ( l ) ) = l ln ( l ) = 0 l = 1
2
. :
lim u =1
n + n
))hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhTJ
) (C ) ( x = 1 x = e
Maple7
;> f:=x->x-(ln(x))^2
f := x x ln( x ) 2
;))> A:=Int(abs('f'(x)-x),x=1..exp(1))=int(abs(f(x)-x),x=1..exp(1
e
=A :
f( x ) + x dx = e 2
1
;)> A:=evalf(rhs(A),20
A := .7182818284590452354
5
` (u n )n : ArchimdeII
