An Environmental Impact
Assessment
of
PASSENGER SHIP OPERATION
AT
GWADAR PORT
1
PRESENTATION FLOW
INTRODUCTION
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF SHIP OPERATION
MITIGATION MEASURES
CONCLUSION
2
1. INTRODUCTION
Gwadar
A population of 72,000
Deep seaport ready to fulfill national
requirements
Fisheries is the main economic activity
Potential for business due to strategic
location
Potential for tourism due to beach,
desert, and unique landscape features
Purpose and Need of Action
Gwadar destined to become a hub of business activity
providing a trade corridor to China and Central Asian Estates.
Passenger Ferry Ship can provide easy access to the
Gwadar from other ports
Passenger Cruise Ships can anchor for tourism trips 3
4. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION
Preliminary Works
Dredging to remove sediment to create ship approach channels
Development of ship docking berths
Port passenger terminal construction activities
Activities Due to Passenger Ship at Gwadar
Ship dock at the port for few days
Passengers move in and out from the ship
Support Services
Ships may require fueling
Breakdown technical services
Supply of goods for onboard passengers
Secondary Activities Due to Presence of Ship
Logistics requirement for passengers
business activity 4
5. Existing Environment
Land
Long coastal area but almost entirely desert owing to little rain fall
Very little vegetation
No or limited facilities of sanitation and waste management
Household garbage dumped at coast line
Gwadar is in Hingol National Park which is formed by Govt. to
protect endangered species in the area
Urial and Sind Ibex are found in Hingol National Park
Sea
Sea water is relatively clean due to no industrialization in the area
Many fish are found near Gwadar coast infact one-fourth of the total fish catch in
Pakistan is produced in waters of Gwadar
Sea species like marsh crocodile, green turtle, masher fish, houbara bustard,
dalmatian pelican, spot-billed pelican, plumbeous dolphin are found in the waters of
Gwadar and protected under the umbrella of Hingol National Park 5
Existing Environment Continued…
Air
No or little elements of air pollution
Occasional dust storms cause particle suspension
Common birds are See See Partridge and Waterfowls.
Social Setting
The Balochs constitute an overwhelming proportion of population of Gwadar
Fishermen migrate to other areas to earn livelihood in summer due to rough sea
Per capita income of the people of Gwadar is very low
Men and women are generally very social and friendly
Violence activities have recently surged in the area due to misconception in people
about ownership of Gwadar port.
6
6. Environmental Impacts of Ship Operation
Water Pollution
a) Sewage or Black water (approx 10 gallons / person / day)
b) Gray water, the largest liquid waste by passengers ships consists of non-sewage
wastewater, including drainage from dishwashers, showers, laundry, baths,
galleys, and washbasins.
c) Oily bilge water contains fuel, oil, wastewater from engines, rags, metal shavings,
paint, glass and cleaning agents
d) Hundreds of metric ton of “Ballast Water” is taken in the ship to offset the fuel
consumption or to stabilize the ship
Impacts Due to Water Pollution
a) Human sewage carry bacteria, pathogens, diseases, viruses, the eggs of intestinal
parasites, and harmful nutrients, they can contaminate the fish of Gwadar which can
in turn pose health risk to humans
b) Gray water can contain coliform, food waste, detergents, cleaners, pesticides, heavy
metals and medical waste which can deplete the dissolved oxygen in water
necessary to support life
7
6. Environmental Impacts of Ship Operation Continued…
c) Oil effect marine mammals, sea birds, fish, other invertebrates, coral reefs, and
mangroves
d) Ballast water introduces non-native species or bio-invaders which may cause
habitat destruction, bio-diversity loss. Many disease contaminated species can also
cause loss of precious sea life and can pose health risk in caught fish
Hazardous Waste and it’s Impact
Although in small quantities but hazardous wastes generated on cruise ships effect
the marine life due to toxicity. This waste include dispose of paint waste, laser printer
cartridges, mercury vapor light bulbs, chemical batteries and outdated
pharmaceuticals
A highly toxic paint tributyltin (tbt), is used in the hulls of passenger ships
These toxic waste can pose a serious threat to the endangered aquatic life of
Gwadar
Air Pollution
Diesel engines of ships burn High Sulphur content fuel which produce sulphur
dioxide (SOx), nitrogen oxide (NOx), particulate carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
etc.
Onboard incinerators burn large volumes of garbage, plastics etc producing dioxin,
furans and heavy metals.
Sulphur and particulate matter may cause respiratory problems, asthma attacks,
8
especially in children of Gwadar and surrounding areas
6. Environmental Impacts of Ship Operation Continued…
9
6. Environmental Impacts of Ship Operation Continued…
Dredging
Dredging to maintain the channel may increase water turbidity (cloudiness), harm
habitat, and disturb or kill threatened and endangered species.
Social Effect
Ship activity at Gwadar may hinder the local fishing activity in the area which may
cause frustration in the fishermen
Passenger ship activity will urge Govt. to develop better civic facilities in the area
Business activity will generated due to a large number of people moving in and out
of Gwadar, this will help fishermen to earn their livelihood when they cannot go fishing
due to rough sea
10
7. Mitigation Measures
Mitigating Water and Oil Pollution Impacts
Using regulatory measures to establish a no discharge zone
within 12 miles from Gwadar coastline
Filtering by “oil-water separator” to reduce effects of oily
bilge discharge
Force the ships to use sanitation devices which can treat
and hold sewage for later discharge
Mitigating Air Pollution Impacts
Reduction of both sulphur oxide and nitrous oxide can be easily achieved when
ships use low sulphur fuel when docked at the port
Power can be supplied to the ship from the local grid which will enable ships to turn
off their engines and help reduce emissions
11
CONCLUSION
Project is environmentally feasible but with strong mitigation we can ensure a
sustainable passenger ship operation at Gwadar without significantly
effecting the environment
There is a chance of violation by the ships due to weak regulatory controls
If mitigation measures are not taken then marine life of Gwadar will be under
seriously threat
The passenger ship operation will enable betterment of civic facilities in the
area and also generate a significant business activity which will reduce the
dependence of people of Gwadar on fisheries only
12
THANKS
13
