MicroStation 3D Handout

Sep-09 5 3D View Control

Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
3DViewControl
ModuleOverview
Allthe2Dviewcontrols,suchasFitView,ZoomInandOut,WindowArea,and
Pan,canbeusedin3D.Asin2D,elementstotheleft,right,above,orbelowcan
beexcludedfromaviewbyzoominginorwindowingsothattheelementsare
outsidetheview'sarea.
Therearealsoanumberof3Dspecificviewingtools.3Dviewshavedepth.You
canexcludethedisplayofelementslocatedinfrontof,orbehind,anobjectby
applyingaClipVolumeorClipMask.
ItisagoodideatopracticeViewControltoolsfor5minutesatthestartofevery
3Dsession,beforedoinganyotherwork.
ModulePrerequisites
KnowledgeofMicroStation2Dviewcontrols
ModuleObjectives
Aftercompletingthismodule,youwillbeableto:
Use3Dviewcontroltoolstonavigatein3Dspace
3D View Control 6 Sep-09
Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Introductory Knowledge
IntroductoryKnowledge
Beforeyoubeginthismodule,let'sdefinewhatyoualreadyknow.
Questions
1 TrueorFalse:Youcanviewa3Ddesignfromanydirectionandevenmove
insideit.
2 DefineaMicroStationmodel.
3 In2Dmodels,youworkonadesignplane.Whatistheworkingareain3D?
Answers
1 True.
2 Eachmodelisanindependentgraphicalspace,withitsownoriginpoint,
unitsofmeasurementandcanbe2Dor3D.
3 In3Dmodels,the2Ddesignplanebecomesa3Dcube,knownasthe
designcube.
ViewRotation
Whenyouworkina2Dmodel,youcanrotatetheview.Visually,thisislike
rotatingthexyplaneaboutaperpendicular,orzaxis.Whenyouareworkingina
3Dmodel,youcanrotatetheviewaboutanyaxis(thex,y,orzaxis).Thevisual
effectonscreenislikerotatingthedesigncube.Youcanrotateanyviewtoa
standardrotationortoanyarbitraryvieworientation.
Whenyoudynamicallyrotateaview,youcanuseanyofthefollowingmethods.
Usingthemouse
Shiftkey+middlemousebuttontoRotateaboutCenter
Pressingtheleftmousebuttoncompletestherotation
Usingatool
ViewRotationtool
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
View Rotation
StandardViewRotation
RotateVIewiconandStandardVIewicons
Thesetoolsrequireadatapointtostartandaseconddatapointtocomplete
therotation.
TheRotateViewtool
AccesstoViewRotationisfoundintheviewcontroltoolboxatthetopofeach
viewwindow.Youcanalsousekeyboardmapping,pressing4+6+1toactivate
theRotateViewtool,orselectTools>ViewControltoopenafloatingtoolbox.
Useviewrotationtorotateamodeltoaccessafacethatwouldotherwisebe
behindanother.Thetoolsettingshavetwooptionsthatcontrolthemethodof
rotation.
Cuberotationrotatestheviewasfollows:
Movingthepointerupordownrotatestheviewaboutitsxaxis
Movingthepointerleftorright,whenPreserveWorldUpis:
Enabled:Rotatestheviewaboutthemodelszaxis
Disabled:Rotatestheviewaboutitsyaxis
3D View Control 8 Sep-09
Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
View Rotation
Sphererotationrotatestheviewaboutacenterpoint.Adynamicsphere,and
associatedgraphics,helpyoudefinetherotation.Slidesettingsletyoucontrolthe
sizeandtransparencyofthesphereasfollows:
Small/Largeslidecontrol:Letsyoudefinethesizeofthespheregraphicinthe
view
Opaque/Clearslidecontrol:Letsyoudefinethetransparencyofthespherein
theview
Exercise:RotatingaviewusingtheCubeoption
1 SetthefollowingintheFileOpendialog:
User:examples
Project:General
2 OpenSolids.dgn.
3 OpentheBooleansmodel.
Hint:Youcanrightpress(rightclickandhold)onthegeometryintheIndex
modelandselectExchange.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
View Rotation
4 SelecttheRotateViewtoolfromView1sviewcontroltoolbox,withthe
followingtoolsettings(clicktheShowExtendedSettingsarrowtoviewthe
settingsforRotation):
Method:Dynamic
Cuberotation
PreserveWorldUp:Disabled
Crosshairsappearinthecenteroftheview,denotingthecenterofthe
rotation.
5 EnteradatapointontherightsideofView1.
Thepointerchangesshapeandthecrosshairsbecomeasmallcrosshair.
6 Movethepointertorotatetheviewinteractively.
Notethatmovingthepointerverticallyrotatestheviewaboutits
horizontal(x)axis.Movinghorizontallyrotatestheviewaboutitsvertical
(y)axis.
7 Reset.
Thiscancelstherotationandreturnstheviewtoitsoriginalorientation.
8 SelecttheRotateViewviewcontrolwiththefollowingtoolsetting:
PreserveWorldUp:Enabled
9 EnteradatapointontherightsideofView1.
3D View Control 10 Sep-09
Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
View Rotation
10 Movethepointertorotatetheviewinteractively.
Notethatmovingthepointerverticallyrotatestheviewaboutits
horizontal(x)axis.Movinghorizontallyrotatestheviewaboutthemodels
(z)axis.Thishasthevisualeffectofspinningthemodelaboutitsvertical
(z)axisnomatterwhattherotationoftheview.
11 Enteradatapointtocompletetherotation.
Exercise:RotatingaviewusingtheSphereoption
1 ContinuinginSolids.dgn,intheBooleansmodel,selectRotateViewwith
thefollowingtoolsetting:
Sphererotation
Crosshairsappearatthecenteroftheviewandashadedsphere
surroundsthem.
2 UsetheSmall/LargeandOpaque/Clearsliderstoadjustthesizeand
transparencyofthesphereasdesired.
3 Followingthestatusbarprompt,enteradatapointsomewherewithinthe
regionofthesphere.
Thecrosshairsarereplacedbyasmallcrosshair.
4 Movethepointertorotatetheviewaboutthecenterofthesphere.
Thearrowgraphicthatappearsonthespheregivesyouavisualindication
ofhowyouarerotatingtheview.
5 Enteradatapointtocompletetherotation.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
View Rotation
Rotatingtoastandardview
ThestandardvieworientationscanbeselectedfromtheRotateViewtoolsdrop
downmenuineachviewwindow.Youcanalsousekeyboardmappingkeyins,or
youcanopentheViewRotationtoolsasatoolbox.Rememberthatwhenyouuse
keyins,orusetheviewrotationtoolsfromthetoolbox,thetoolappliestothe
activeview.
Exercise:Rotatingtostandardviewsusingvariousviewcontroloptions
1 ContinuinginSolids.dgn,intheBooleansmodel,openViews2,3and4
andFitViewineach.
2 SelectWindow>Tile.
3 SelectRotateView(4+6+1),withthefollowingtoolsetting:
Method:Top
4 Followingthestatusbarprompt,enteradatapointinView1.
Youcancontinuetoenterdatapointsinotherviewstochangethemtoa
Toprotation.
5 ClickRotateViewtoopenthedropdownmenuandselectOpenas
ToolBox.
6 ClickthetitlebarofView3tomakeittheactiveview.
7 IntheViewRotationtoolbox,selectRightView.
View3,theactiveview,isrotatedtoaRightview.
8 ClickinthetitlebarofView2tomakeittheactiveview.
9 IntheViewRotationtoolbox,selectFrontView.
10 ClickthetitlebarofView4tomakeittheactiveview.
11 WithfocusatHome,press4+6+5torotateView4toIsometric.
Rotatingaviewusingthemouse
Themousewheelorbuttoncanbeusedforseveralviewcontrols.Asin2D,you
candoubleclickthewheeltoFitView.Singleclickthewheelforadynamicview
Pan.RollthewheeltoZoomInandOut.
YoucanrotatetheviewusingthemouseandthekeyinROTATEVIEWDRAG.
Exercise:Rotateviewaboutcenter
3D View Control 12 Sep-09
Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
View Rotation
1 ContinuinginSolids.dgn,intheBooleansmodel,presstheShiftkey,press
themiddlemousebuttonandclickinView1.
2 Releasethebuttonsanddragthemouse.
3 Enteradatapointtocompleterotation,orresettoreturntotheprevious
rotation.
4 ClickViewPrevioustoreturntothepreviousrotation.
Thecrosshairsnowarelocatedattheleftverticaledgeofthegeometry.
Exercise:Rotateaboutanypoint
1 ContinuinginSolids.dgn,intheBooleansmodel,presstheAltkey,press
themiddlemousebutton,andclickinView2.
Asyoumovethepointertorotatetheview,notethatrotationnowis
aroundthedefinedpoint.
2 Movethepointerovertheplussignatthecenterofthespheretorelocate
thepointaboutwhichtorotate.
3 Movethespheretothelowerrightandnotethatyoucansnaptoobjects.
4 Enteradatapointtocompletethemoveoftherotationsphere.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Fitting 3D Views
5 Followingthestatusbarprompt,beginrotation.
6 Enteradatapointtocompletetherotation.
7 ReturntheviewtoIsometric.
8 FitView.
9 SelectFile>Close.
YoucanrotatetheviewusingthemouseandthekeyinROTATEVIEWFROM
CURSOR.
Additional3Dmouseviewcontrolsare:
Shiftkey+rollisPanwithZoom
Ctrlkey+middlebuttonclickisRotateaboutpoint
Ctrlkey+rolliswalkforward/backward
Alt+rollisPanleftorright
Fitting3DViews
Inboth2Dand3Dmodels,theFitViewtoolletsyouselectwhetherthefitapplies
toelementsintheActivefile,References,Rasters,orAllfilesassociatedwiththe
view.
Whenyoufitaviewin2D,theareaoftheviewisalteredtodisplayall
elementslocatedonthelevelscurrentlyturnedon.
In3Dmodels,therearemorechoicesrelatingtotheclippingplanes.
AllDisplayalldisplayableelementsintheactivemodelfileandany
attachedreferences.
ActiveDisplayalldisplayableelementsintheactivemodelfile.
ReferenceDisplayalldisplayableelementsinattachedreferences,if
any.
RasterDisplayalldisplayableelementsinattachedrasterreferences,
ifany.
3D View Control 14 Sep-09
Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
ClipVolume
Duringadesignsession,youmaywanttoworkonaparticularelementandrotate
ittoviewfromvariousangles.Whenyoudothiswithclippingplanesset,
however,partsmaydisappearorotherelementsappearinthedisplaydepth.
MicroStationsClipVolumetoolsletyouselectadiscretevolume,withinthe
designcube,fordisplay.
Thistoolishelpfulwhenyouhaveelementsonthesamelevelandyoudonot
wanttoseeallofthem.
Whenaclipvolumeisappliedtoaview,onlyelementsthatarelocatedwithinthe
clipvolumewilldisplay,orcanbesnappedto,inthatview.Eachviewmayhavea
differentclipvolumeapplied,sinceitisaViewAttribute.
Youcanuse2Dor3Delementstodefinethevolume.Whenyouusea2Dshape,
theclippingvolumeiscreatedbysweepingthe2Dshapethroughtheentire
model.Thesweepdirectionisperpendiculartotheplaneofthe2Delement.
MicroStationcreatesa2Dclippingshapeusingactiveattributes.
Whena3Delementisused,itdefinestheentireclipvolume.
BeforeClipVolume
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
AfterClipVolume
Operations,suchasviewrotation,fenceprocessing,hiddenlineremoval,and
rendering,honortheclipvolumes.Theyignoreanyelementsthatarenot
displayedwithinthedefinedvolumefortheview.
Clippingelementsmayconsistofanysolid,otherthanspheresorfeaturesolids.
Closedextrusion,cylinders,orclosedplanarelements(shapes,circles,ellipses,
complexshapes,groupedholes)canbeused.Ifaplanarelementischosen,oryou
usetheclippingelementsbypointsoptions,theclippingvolumeisgeneratedby
sweepingtheplanarelementthroughtheentiremodel.Planarelementsmaybe
selectedinanyview,becausethesweepdirectionisorthogonaltotheplaneof
theelement.Similarly,clipelementsthatyoudefinebypointsmaybedrawnin
anyview.AccuDrawcanbeusedtosetthecorrectorientationoftheclip
element.
TheClipVolumetoolisa3DViewControlandcanbefoundontheViewBorder.If
youclickandholdtheiconyouwillthereareothertoolshere:
ClipVolume
Show/HideActiveClipVolume
DeleteClipVolume
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
SetClipVolumeoptionsusingiconsinthetoolsettings.
ByElementappliesaclipvolumefromanexistingelement.
SectionClipTools
By2Pointsletsyouapplyaclipvolumebydefiningarectangularclipping
elementwith2datapoints
ByPolygonletsyouapplyaclipvolumebyinteractivelydefiningverticesofa
polygonwithdatapoints.Thepolygoncanbeclosedbyenteringadatapoint
atthestartpoint,orbyclickingtheCloseElementbutton.
ApplyFittedClipVolumecreatesaclipvolumethatenclosesalltheelements
inthemodel.
Inaddition,therearetwocheckboxes:
DisplayClipElement,ifon,theclipelementremainsdisplayedaftercreating
theclipvolumefortheview.Displayofthiselementcanbeturnedonoroff
later,withtheShoworHideClipVolumeElementicon.
CreateDynamicVIewAllowsyoutocreatedynamicviewsautomaticallyby
openingtheCreateDynamicViewdialog.
ClipVolumeExtendedOptionsaresetatthebottomofthetoolsettings.
ApplyClipVolumefromNamedFencecreatesaclipvolumefromthenamed
fence,selectedfromthelist,andappliestheclipvolumetotheactiveview.
Deletedeletesthenamedfenceselectedinthenamedfencelist.
Savecreatesanamedfencefromtheclipvolumeintheactiveviewiscreated.
ClipVolumeOptions
User:Examples
Project:Plant
File:...\Designs\BSI700R0100RRTrack.dgn
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
ByElement
SectionClipTools
ApplyClipBy2Points
ApplyClipVolumeByPolygon
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
SectionClipTools
Therearefourmethodsforcreatingaclipvolumebysectionplane.
PlaceFittedSection(threemethods).AFittedSectionisasectioncut
throughouttheXY,YZorXZplanerelativetotheAuxiliaryCoordinateSystem.
ApplyClipBySectionPlanelocatedintheCreateClipVolumetoolsettings.
HereistheTopViewandIsometricViewofthetrainengineandtanker.
User:Examples
Project:Plant
File:...\Designs\BSI700R0100RRTrack.dgn
TopView
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
IsometricViewinIllustrationmode
Inthisexample,aPlaceFittedSectionisusedandanXYplaneiscreatedinthe
Isometricview.TheClipElementisdisplayedinbothviewswitheditinghandles
active.
3D View Control 20 Sep-09
Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
HerearetheresultsaftermovingtheClipElementHandlesintheXYdirection.
TheTopviewshowstheClipElementbuttheClipVolumeisdisplayedintheview
selectedwhencreatingtheClipVolume,whichwastheIsometricview.Hereisthe
ClipVolumeafterSelectingtheShoworHideClipElementtool.
ClipVolumesandViewAttributes
TheViewAttributesdialogincludesClipVolumeSettings.Whenaviewcontainsa
ClipVolume,theViewAttributesdialogwilldisplayaClipVolumecollapsible
section.ThesettingsonthissectionprovidevariouswaystodisplaytheClip
Volumes.
Inthisview,theClipVolumeSettingsoftheViewAttributesSettingsaresetto
displaytheForwardvolumeoftheClipElementwiththeFromViewoption
enabled.TheBack,CutandOutsideoptionsaredisabled.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
HereisthesameviewwithdifferentoptionsselectedfromtheClipVolume
Settings.
ClipVolumeSettingsandDisplayStyle
WhenaDisplayStyleiscreatedoranexistingstyleismodified,enablingtheClip
VolumeboxintheDisplayStylewindowwillplacethestyleasanadditional
3D View Control 22 Sep-09
Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
optionintheClipVolumeSettings.Clickingonthemagnifyingglasswillopenthe
DisplayStylesdialog.
Applyingaclipvolume
Youcanuseaclipvolumetoisolateapartofthemodelsothatyoucanworkonit
withouttheconfusionfromthedisplayofotherpartsofthemodel.
Exercise:Applyingaclipvolumeby2points.
1 SetthefollowingintheFileOpendialog:
Project:Plant
2 OpenBSI700A0101PumpHouse.dgn.
3 FromtheViewControlortheClipVolumetoolbox,selectClipVolume(4+
P)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
ApplyClipVolumeBy2Points
DisplayClipElement:Enabled
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
CreateDynamicView:Disabled
4 IntheViewRotationtoolbox,selectTopView.
Note:ThisViewRotationwastransparent(youstayintheClipVolume
command)asitknewwhichviewtoapplythecommandto.
5 EnterdatapointstocreateaClipElement.
6 EnteradatapointintheView,toaccepttheclipvolume.
7 FromtheViewControlortheClipVolumetoolbox,selectClipVolumeand
ShoworHideActiveClipElement,thenselectview.Theclipelementwill
disappear.
8 UseShift+middlemousebutton(pressin),orselectRotateViewtorotate
theView.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
Notethatonlytheelementsintheclipvolumearevisibleduringthe
rotation.
9 IntheViewRotationtoolbox,selectIsometricView.
10 FitView.
Nootherelementsappearintheview.
11 ToremovetheClipVolumeselecttheClearClipVolumetoolandentera
datapointintheview.
Exercise:ApplyingaclipvolumebySectionClipTools.
1 SetthefollowingintheFileOpendialog:
Project:Plant
2 OpenBSI700A0101PumpHouse.dgn.
3 FromtheViewControlortheClipVolumetoolbox,selectClipVolume(4+
P)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
SectionClipTools
ApplyFittedSectionXYplane
DisplayClipElement:Enabled
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
CreateDynamicVIews:Disabled
4 IntheViewRotationtoolbox,selectTopView.
5 Enter2datapointsfromtoptobottom,tocreateasectionthroughthe
PumpHouse.
6 IntheViewRotationtoolbox,selectIsometricView.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
7 OpentheViewAttributesdialogusingtheViewControltoolorbypressing
Ctrl+B.
Note:SinceaclipvolumeexistsinView2,thereisaClipVolumeSettingstab.
Theforwardandbackviewstyleofthesectionplanearedisplayedonthe
ClipVolumeSettingstab,andaresettoFromView.
8 SelecttheOutsideoptionfortheBackareaofthesectionplaneandthe
viewdisplaysdashedlinestoindicatetheBackofthesectionplaneisnow
hidden.
9 EnablethedisplayoftheCutarea.TheFromViewwilldisplayby
default.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
10 ChangethedisplayoptionoftheForwardareaofsectionplaneto
Outside.Thenewdisplayoftheclipvolumesectionshouldlooklikethe
followingview.
11 UsetheElementSelectiontool(1)andselectthesectionclipelement.
12 Theboundariesoftheinteractiveclipelementdisplay.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
13 Movethegreenhandletorepositionthesectionplaneandmovethe
bluehandletomodifythesizeoftheForwardareaofthesectionplane.
Cleartheclipelementselectionbyadatapointintheview.
Note:YoucanrightclickonthegreenarrowandFlipDirection,ClipAllSides
orUnclipAllSidesorrightclickonabluearrowandcanToggleClipping,
ClipAllSidesorUnclipAllSides.ToggleClippingwillchangetheblue
arrowtoabluebolt.
14 ModifytheClipVolumeSettings:
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
15 ToremovetheClipVolumeselecttheClearClipVolumetoolandentera
datapointintheview.
Manipulatingaclipvolumefromasecondview
Withaclipvolumeactive,youcanrestrictthedisplayofelementstojustthose
thatyouwanttosee.Onceaclipelementhasbeencreated,youcanmanipulateit
tochangetheclipvolumeandtheinformationbeingdisplayed.Ifyoulatermove,
ormodifyaclippingelement,theclipvolumeisalsomovedormodified.Ifyou
deleteaclippingelement,theviewclippingisremoved.Clippingelementscanbe
manipulatedormodifiedwiththestandardMicroStationtools.
Onceaclipvolumehasbeenappliedtoaview,youcanswitchtheclippingonand
offintheViewAttributesdialogusingtheClipVolumecheckbox.Youcantoggle
displayoftheclipelementusingtheShoworHideClipVolumeElementiconin
thetoolsettings.
Exercise:Manipulatingaclipvolume
1 ContinuinginBSI700A0101PumpHouse.dgn,selectClipVolume(4+P).
2 OpenandTileViews1and2,setView1toFrontandsetView2to
IsometricthenFitViewineachwindow.
3 FromtheClipVolumetoolsettings,select:
SectionClipTools
ApplyFittedSectionXYPlane
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
4 Enteradatapointinview2.
5 SelectMoveElement(3+2).
6 InView1,snaptotheclipelementandmoveitintheZdirection.
View2displaysthenewClipVolume.Experimentwiththebluehandlesto
makemorechangestotheClipVolume.Hereisanexample:
7 ToremovetheClipVolumeselecttheClearClipVolumetoolandentera
datapointintheview.
Savingclipvolumes
Youcansaveclipvolumesasnamedfencesinthecurrentfile,forlateruse.You
thencanapplythemtoanyview.YoucanalsocreateaDynamicView,moreon
thatlater.
Exercise:Savetheclipvolume
Sep-09 31 3D View Control
Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
1 ContinuinginBSI700A0101PumpHouse.dgn,makeView2theactive
view.
2 EnsurethattheViewAttributes>Presentation>ClipVolumeattributeis
enabledinallviews.
3 Createa2pointClipElementinView1andapplytheClipVolumeinView
2.Theimageshouldbesimilartothefollowing.
4 SelectClipVolume(4+P)andclicktheExpandarrowatlowerrightoftool
settings.
5 ClickCreateNamedFenceFromClipVolume.
6 IntheNamefield,typethenameFrontWallandpressEnter.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
Younowcanapplythisclipvolumetoanyview.
Workingwithmultipleclipvolumes
Eachviewinamodelcanhaveaclipvolumeassignedtoit.Thesecanbeidentical,
ortheycanbedifferentclipvolumes.
Exercise:Createasecondclipvolume
1 ContinuinginBSI700A0101PumpHouse.dgn,selectClipVolume(4+P)
withthefollowingtoolsettings:
ApplyClipVolumeBy2Points
DisplayClipElement:Enabled
CreateDynamicViews:Disabled
2 InView1,enterdatapointstoisolatethebackwall.
3 EnteradatapointinView3.
4 FitView3.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
Views2and3nowhavedifferentclipvolumesappliedtothem.
5 SavetheclipvolumeasanamedfencenamedBackWall.
Exercise:Applysavedclipvolumetoaview
1 ContinuinginBSI700A0101PumpHouse.dgn,makeView4theactive
view.
2 SelectClipVolume(4+P)andselectthenamedfenceFrontWallinthe
toolsettings.
3 ClickApplyClipVolumeByNamedFence.
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Clip Volume
Theviewupdatestodisplayonlythepumphousefrontwall.
4 SelectthenamedfenceBackWallinthetoolsettings.
5 ClickApplyClipVolumeByNamedFence.
Theviewupdatestodisplayonlythebackwall.
6 Youcannowrotateorcontrolotheraspectsofthedisplayedclipvolume.
Savingclipvolumesinthismannerletsyouquicklysetupviewstoworkon
specificpartsofadesign.Onceaclipvolumeisdefinedforaview,itremainswith
thatviewuntilyouclearit.ToolssuchastheFitViewtoolwillnotchangethe
extentsofaclipvolume.
Exercise:Clearaclipvolume
1 ContinuinginBSI700A0101PumpHouse.dgn,clickClearClipVolumein
thetoolsettings.
2 EnteradatapointinView2.
3 FitView2.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
Theentiremodelisdisplayedagain.
Usingaclipmask
Aclipmaskhastheoppositeeffecttothatoftheclipvolume.Aclipvolume
defineswhattodisplay,butaclipmaskdefineswhatnottodisplay.Procedures
forcreatingandusingclipmasksareidenticaltothoseforclipvolumes.Youcan
applyclipmaskstoviewsthathavehadaclipvolumeapplied.
Similarly,youmaywanttoworkonpartofamodel,whilehidinganotherpartof
it.
Iftheelementsallareonthesamelevel,youcanusetheClipMasktooltomask
theelementsthatarenotrequired.
Using3DClipMasksyoucaneasilycreatecutawaydrawings.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Clip Volume
Exercise:Applyandclearaclipmask
1 ContinuinginBSI700A0101PumpHouse.dgn,makeView2theactive
view.
2 SelectClipMask(4+A)fromtheviewcontroltoolbox.
ThetoolsettingsaresimilartotheClipVolumetool.Thenamedfences
youcreatedpreviouslycanbeusedwithclipmaskstoo.
3 SelectthenamedfenceBackWallinthetoolsettings.
4 ClickApplyClipMaskByNamedFence.
Theviewupdatesandthebackofthepumphouseismaskedfromthe
view.Fittingandrotatingtheviewwillnotcauseittoreappear.Though
youcanFitandRotatetheclipmaskedview.
Clearingaclipmaskisthesameasaclipvolume.
5 ClickClearClipMaskinthetoolsettings.
6 EnteradatapointinView2.
7 SelectFile>Close.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Display Styles Dialog
DisplayStylesDialog
TheDisplayStylesDialogisformodifyingandcreatingcustomdisplaystylesor
rendermodes.DIsplayStylescancomefromaDGNLIBorcanbestoredinthe
activeDGN.LikesimilarStylesdialogs(Text,Dimensions,etc.)youcanUpdate
fromLibrarytomakesureyouareusingthelateststyles.
YoucanaccesstheDisplayStylesDialogfromthefollowinglocations:
Settings>DisplayStyles...orTools>View>ViewControl
SelectfromtheViewToolboxtheOpenDisplayStyleDialogicon.
Note:StandarddisplaystylesareprovidedwithMicroStationV8i,andcannot
bedeleted.
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Display Styles Dialog
UnderstandingDisplayStyledialogtools.
1 WireframeToolsettings:
Nosettings
2 HiddenLineToolsettings:
Display:HiddenLine
3 FilledHiddenLineToolsettings:
Display:FilledHiddenLine
4 SmoothToolsettings:
Display:Shaded
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Display Styles Dialog
5 IllustrationToolsettings:
Display:Shaded
DisplayVisibleEdges:Enabled(Black)
BackgroundColor:Enabled(White)
Note:TheDisplayStylesDialogsettingUsageswhenenabled,determinesifthe
displaymodeiscreatedinviewwindoworClipVolumeorboth.
Exercise:Createacustomdisplaystyle
1 OpenBSI700S0501UnloadingPlatform.dgn,makeView2theactiveview.
2 SelectSettings>DisplayStyles...
3 SelectNewandtypeoverUntitledwiththenameCustomDisplay.
4 SettheDisplayStylessettingsasfollows:
Display:Shaded
DisplayShadows:Enabled
EnableNoMaterial:SelecttheMaterialoption
Selectmagnifyingglass:SelectPlatformFramematerial
EnableBackgroundcolor:SelectGray#48option
EnableUsages:View
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Perspective
5 InView2,selecttheViewDisplayModetooldropdownarrowandselect
CustomDisplay.
Perspective
Everytimeyouturnonperspectiveinaview,youturnontheCamera(View
Attributes>Camera).YoucanturnperspectiveonspecificallyusingtheView
Perspectivetool.
Asingledatapointintheviewcenterstartsthe3pointperspective,and
movementawayfromthecenterchangestheamountofperspective.Selecting
theViewPerspectivetoolanddoubleclickinginthecenteroftheviewsetsthe
viewtoparallelprojection,orturnofftheCamerainViewAttributes.
AdditionaloptionsareavailableifyouclickandholdtheViewPerspectivetoolor
openitasatoolbox.RightclickonanytooltoShowAlltools.
ViewPerspectiveinteractivelysetperspectiveinaview
WideAnglesetsperspectiveinaviewtomatchanextrawideanglecamera
lens
Normalsetsperspectiveinaviewtomatchanormalcameralens
Telephotosetsperspectiveinaviewtomatchatelephotocameralens
TwoPointProjectionsetsperspectiveinaviewto2pointprojection.Hidden
bydefault
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Saved Views dialog
CameraOffturnsoffaviewcameraandreturntoparallelprojection
SavedViewsdialog
Usedtoname,save,delete,import,applyandrecallsavedviews.Savinga3D
viewallowsyoutoquicklyrecallaviewwithspecificattributes.Itisimportantto
createanduseSavedViewsin3D,sinceyouwillwanttoreturntoaknown
positionmanytimes.Theyarehelpfulfordesign,navigation,renderingand
animation.CameraandClipVolumesettingsareavailableforsavingorrecall.
OpenthedialogbyselectingUtilities>SavedViews,selectingViewSave/Recall
fromaviewwindowcontrolmenu,orpressingF6.
UnderstandingtheSavedViewsdialog
TheSavedViewsdialogcontainscontrolsthatareusedtoapplyasavedviewtoa
viewinthedesignfile.Thelistboxshowsthename,descriptionandmodelof
eachviewsaved.Toapplyasavedview,usethefollowingoptions:
ApplytoSelectedViews.Selectthistoolandclickinaselectedviewwindow.
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Saved Views dialog
Applytoopenviews.AllopenedviewswilldisplaytheSavedView.
DoubleclicktheentryintheSavedViewdialoglistwilldisplaytheSavedViewin
theActiveView.
ActiveFile
Thisicondisplaysoptionalsettingsbyclickingonthedropdownlistbox.
Note:Alinkisapointertoprojectdataandalinksetiscreatedwhenyouuse
ProjectExplorer(File>ProjectExplorer).
CreateSavedView
OpenstheCreateSavedViewdialogwhereyounameanddescribetheviewyou
aresaving.Theviewcanbeasaved,section,elevation,detailorplanview.AClip
VolumecanalsobeaddedtoaSavedViewOptionoraDynamicViewcanbe
created.
Exercise:CreateaSavedView
1 OpenBSI700S0501UnloadingPlatform.dgn,openViews1through4,
selecttoWindow>Tile,andthenFitView(4+5)foreachview.
2 SetDisplayModetoWireframeforeachview.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Saved Views dialog
3 WindowinonthetopoftheUnloadingPlatforminView4(RightView).
4 SetDisplayModetoSmoothwithShadowsandapplytheView
PerspectiveExtraWideAngle.PanandRotatetoadjustifneeded.
5 PressF6toopentheSavedViewdialog,clickCreateSavedView,andsave
thenewviewinView4:
Name:TopPlatform
Description:Topplatformwithwideangleview
6 ClickinView4toselectthesourceview.
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Saved Views dialog
7 IntheSavedViewsdialog,settheViewnumbertoView3anddoubleclick
theTopPlatformsavedviewinthesavedviewlistbox.
8 IntheSavedViewdialoglistbox,clickontheareabelowtheheaderClip
Volumetoselectanexistingclipvolume.
Sep-09 47 AccuDraw in 3D
Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
AccuDrawin3D
ModuleOverview
AccuDrawisanintelligentdrawingaidthatinterpretsthepositionofthepointer
relativetopreviousdatapoints,vieworientation,andcoordinatesystem.Using
AccuDraw,youcanquicklyenteradditionaldatapointsthatbuildonthose
enteredpreviously.
ModulePrerequisites
KnowledgeofAccuDrawin2D
Knowledgeofbasic3Dviewcontrolsand3Dplanes
ModuleObjectives
Aftercompletingthismodule,youwillbeableto:
DesignwithAccuDrawina3Denvironment
UseAuxiliaryCoordinateSystemstocontroldraftingplanes
UseAccuDraw3Dshortcuts
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Introductory Knowledge
IntroductoryKnowledge
Beforeyoubeginthismodule,let'sdefinewhatyoualreadyknow.
Questions
1 NamethetwobasicAccuDrawinterfacecomponents.
2 WhatmusthavethefocusforAccuDrawshortcutstowork?
3 WhataretheoperationalstepswhenusingAccuDraw?
4 HowdoyouplacetheAccuDrawcompassatasnappoint?
Answers
1 AccuDrawcompassandAccuDrawwindow.
2 TheAccuDrawwindow.
3 1.Enteradatapointusingeitherprecisioninput,oradatapoint,tofixthe
locationofthecompass.
2.Movethepointerinthedirectioninwhichyouwishtodraw.
3.WithoutusingthepointertoputfocusintotheAccuDrawwindowskey
infields,enterthedesireddistancevalue.
4 UseAccuSnap,orissueamanualtentativesnap,andusetheAccuDraw
shortcut<O>.
Sep-09 49 AccuDraw in 3D
Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
The AccuDraw Drawing Plane
TheAccuDrawDrawingPlane
AccuDrawwasdesignedtoworkwiththe3Ddrawingenvironment.Youcanwork
inaviewotherthanoneoftheorthogonalviews(Top,Front,andRight),butstill
drawintheorthogonalplanes.
RotatedviewssuchasIsometricorRightIsometricdisplayadesignmoreclearly.
Whenworkingintheseviews,ifyouwanttodrawanobjectontheToporFront
plane,youcansimplyrotatetheAccuDrawcompasstothatplaneusingan
AccuDrawshortcut.YoudothisbyrotatingAccuDrawscompasstoanorthogonal
planewithoneoftheshortcutsV(view),T(top),F(front),orS(side).
WorkingintheIsometricview,youcanuseAccuDrawshortcutstorotateitscompasstotheTop(T),Front(F),Side(S)orView(V)
orientation
Note:RememberthatthefocusmustbeintheAccuDrawwindowforitsshortcutsto
work.PressF11,orpressEscandthenthespacebartomovefocustoit.
ItisrecommendedthatyouworkintheIsometricviewwiththeTop,Frontand
Rightviewsopen,placedbehindtheIsometricview.
3DElementPlacement
Placingelementsina2Dfileislikedrawingonasheetofpaper.Allelementsare
on1plane,thex,yplane.Whenyouplacethesameelementsina3Dfile,by
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3D Element Placement
defaulttheyareplacedintheAccuDrawdrawingplane.TheAccuDrawdrawing
planecanberotatedtomatchtheviewbeingused,ordefinedtobeaparticular
rotation.
Inthefollowingexercises,youwilldrawanopenrectangularboxusing2Dblocks.
Exercise:Openthemodelanddrawthebasesurface
1 SetthefollowingintheFileOpendialog:
User:untitled
Project:Everything3D
2 OpenAccuDraw_3D.dgnfromtheclassdataset.
ThismodeldisplaystheACStriad,whichindicatesthedirectionsofthe3
axes,ineachview.YoucantogglethedisplayoftheACStriadintheView
Attributesdialog.
3 SelectWorkspace>Preferences,andthentheTaskNavigationcategory
andsetPresentationtoDialog.
4 IntheTaskdialog,clickontheSolidsModelingtask.
First,usingtheTopview,youwilldrawthebaseofthebox.Youwilluse
AccuDrawtoinputprecisedimensions.Effectively,thispartoftheexercise
willbenodifferentfromworkingin2D.
5 SelectPlaceBlock(W+1).
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3D Element Placement
6 EnteradatapointinthelowerleftcorneroftheTopview.
7 Movethepointertotherightand,withitindexedtoAccuDrawsxaxis,
type1.5.
DoNOTenteradatapoint.
8 Movethepointerupwardandtype1.25.
9 Enteradatapointtocompletetheblock.
10 Fiteachview.
TheblockappearsasalineinboththeFrontandRightviews,whereitisedgeon
totheviews,likelookingatasheetofpaperedgeon.
Next,youwillusetheIsometricviewtodrawthecorrespondingfrontandright
facesofthebox.Youmayrememberthateachviewhasanactivedepth,where
datapointsfallbydefaultifyoudonotsnaptoanelement.Here,youwillsnapto
theexistingblockthatyoujustdrewanduseAccuDrawtokeepthepointeratthat
depthintheview.
Exercise:UseIsometricviewstodrawcorrespondingfacesforthebox
1 ContinuinginAccuDraw_3D.dgn,selectPlaceBlock(W+1).
2 IntheIsometricview,snaptotheleftendoftheexistingblockandaccept
withadatapoint.
3 WithfocusonAccuDraw,press<F>fortheFrontrotation.
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3D Element Placement
4 Movethepointertotheright,snaptotheendpointand,withitindexedto
AccuDrawsxaxis,thenpress<X>,tolocktothex.
5 Movethepointerupward,type0.5,andenteradatapointtocomplete
theblock.
6 Fiteachview.
Fortherightface,youcansnaptoexistingelementstoplacethepoints.
7 SelectPlaceBlock(W+1).
8 Press<S>forSiderotation.
Note:PressF11toputfocusintheAccuDrawwindow.
9 IntheIsometricview,snaptothebottomleftendofthebaseandaccept
withadatapoint.
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3D Element Placement
10 ContinuingintheIsometricview,snaptothetopofthefrontsurfaceand
acceptwithadatapoint.
Asyoudothis,checkintheFrontandRightviewstoensurethatyouare
snappingtothecorrectpointsandthattheblockisbeingplacedcorrectly.
11 Fiteachview.
Tocompletethebox,youcanusetheCopytooltocopytheexistingfacescreating
theoppositesides.Whenyoucopyanelementin3D,itretainsitscurrent
orientation.Thatmeansthataverticalfaceremainsvertical,ahorizontalface
remainshorizontal,andsoon.
Exercise:Copytheexistingfacestocompletethebox
1 ContinuinginAccuDraw_3D.dgn,selectCopyElement(3+1),withthe
followingtoolsetting:
Copies:1
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3D Element Placement
2 IntheIsometricview,identifytheblockrepresentingthebackfaceatits
lowerrightvertex.
Thefaceisattachedtothepointer.Asyoumovethepointerintheother
views,thefrontfaceelementretainsitscurrentorientation.
3 Snaptothefrontrightvertexofthebaseblock.
4 Enteradatapointtocompletethecopyandreset.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
3D Element Placement
5 IntheIsometricview,identifytheblockrepresentingtherightfaceatits
lowerrightvertex.
6 IntheIsometricview,snaptothebackrightvertexofthebaseblockand
accepttocompletethecopy.
7 Reset.
8 ClicktheViewDisplayModeviewcontrolandchangetheIsometricviews
displaytoHiddenLine.
9 UsetheRotateViewtooltorotatetheIsometricviewandverifythatyou
havecorrectlydrawnallthesurfacesfortheopentopbox.
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3D Element Placement
Asyoucansee,placingelementsin3Disnomoredifficultthanin2D.Inthe
exercise,youusedMicroStationsviewstocorrectlyorienttheelements.Ofthe4
views,theIsometricviewbestdisplaysthemodel.Youcanseethe3facesquite
clearly.
UsingAccuDrawsrotateddrawingplane
YoucanplaceelementsintheTop,FrontandSidealignmentsusingAccuDraws
<T>,<F>and<S>shortcuts.
AccuDrawsdrawingplaneletsyouworkinanyview,whilestillmaintainingthe
correctplanefortheelementsbeingdrawn.Youcanstillsnaptoelementsthat
arenotonthecurrentdrawingplaneandAccuDrawrespondsaccordingly.
Asyoudrawin3D,youmayobservethedrawingplaneaxeschangeasyouenter
datapoints.Thealignmentofthedrawingplanedependsonthetoolbeingused
andthelocationofthepreviousdatapoints.For3Dmodels,the3previousdata
pointsareconsidered,asthisistheminimumrequirementtodescribeaplanar
surface.Wherelessthan3datapointshavebeenentered,thevieworientationis
alsoconsidered.
Additionalshortcuts
<B>BaseRotation:RotatesthedrawingplanetoalignwiththeactiveACSor
therotationoftheview.
<E>CycleRotation:Rotatesbetween3mainplanes;top,front,andside.
PressingErotatesthedrawingplanefirst90aboutitsxaxis,then90about
itsyaxis,andthenbacktoitsoriginalrotation.
Inthefollowingexercises,youwillworkintheIsometricviewandletAccuDraw
correctlyaligntheelements.Asyouworkthroughtheexercise,usetheother
openviewstochecktheorientationoftheelementbeingdrawn,bymaximizing
andshrinkingtheIsometricview.
Exercise:AutomaticdrawingplanerotationinAccuDraw
1 ContinuinginAccuDraw_3D.dgn,Pantoanopenareaofthemodel.
2 SelectPlaceBlock(W+1).
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3D Element Placement
3 IntheIsometricview,place2orthogonalblocksasshown.
4 ContinuingwithPlaceBlock,snaptotheverticalfaceupperrightcorner.
5 Press<T>torotateAccuDrawsdrawingplanetoTop.
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3D Element Placement
6 Snaptothelowerrightvertexofthebase.
AccuDrawusesthe2datapointsplustheviewtosetthedrawingplane
orientation.Thisresultsinadrawingplanethatisnotalwaysinalignment
withanyofthestandardTop,FrontorSidedrawingplanes.
7 Snaptothelowerleftedgeofthebaseandacceptwithadatapoint.
AccuDrawsdrawingplanenowalignsitselfwiththeplaneofthe2non
planardatapoints.
8 Resettocomplete.
Nonorthogonalrotation
Quiteoften,youwillneedtorotatetheAccuDrawcompasstoanonorthogonal
plane;onethatisnottheTop,FrontorSide.Besidesthestandardnonplanardata
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
3D Element Placement
pointsandviewrotation,ornonplanarsnapping,severalothermethodsare
available.ThemostcommonistouseanAccuDrawshortcut.
RQRotateQuickprovidesquick,nonpersistentrotation
RARotateACSallowsyoutopersistentlyrotatexandyplaneaboutanorigin
point.YoucanclearitbyusingastandardrotationlikeT,F,S,V
WASaveanACSrotation
GARecallanACSrotation
ECycleRotation
ImportantwhenusinganotherACSsinceT,ForSwillbreakyououtofexisting
ACS
RXRotateaboutxaxis
RYRotateaboutyaxis
RZRotateaboutzaxis
RERotateAccuDrawcompasstomatchorientationofanelement
RVRotateActiveViewtoorientationofAccuDrawcompass
Exercise:AccuDrawandQuickRotation
1 ContinuinginAccuDraw_3D.dgn,selectEdit>Undotoundothe
placementofthelastinclinedplane.
2 SelectPlaceBlock(W+1).
3 PressF11andthenpress<T>fortoprotation.
4 Followingthestatusbarprompt,snaptotheupperleftvertexofthe
verticalfaceandacceptwithadatapoint.
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3D Element Placement
5 Press<RQ>and,followingthestatusbarprompt,snaptothelowerleft
vertexofthebase,thenacceptthenewrotationwithadatapoint.
6 Snaptotherightlowervertexofthebaseandacceptthenewblockwitha
datapoint.
Note:AnalternatemethodistousePlaceBlockwiththeMethodsettoRotated.
Tokeepapersistentrotation,youcanusetheAccuDrawshortcut<RA>.
Exercise:UsingRAtokeeparotation
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
3D Element Placement
1 ContinuinginAccuDraw_3D.dgn,selectPlaceCircle(W+5)withthe
followingtoolsetting:
Method:Center
2 Snaptotheupperleftvertexoftheverticalface,pressF11,andthenpress
<O>tosettheAccuDraworigin,butdonotenteradatapoint.
3 Press<RA>,keepingthesnappointthesame,andenteradatapointto
accepttheorigin.
4 Snapto,andaccept,theupperrightvertexoftheverticalfacetoshowthe
xaxisdirection.
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3D Element Placement
5 Snapto,andaccept,thelowerleftofthebasetosettheyaxisdirection.
6 Pressthespacebartochangetotherectangularcoordinatesystem.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
3D Element Placement
7 Snapto,butdonotaccept,theleftmidpointoftheinclinedplaneandlock
theyaxisbypressing<Y>.
8 Press<K>toopenKeypointDivisordialogandsetthedivisorto3.
9 Snaptoleftthirdofthelongedgeofthebasetosetthexaxisdistance,
andenteradatapointtoacceptthecenterpointofthecircle.
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3D Element Placement
10 Typeadistanceof0.2fortheradiusandacceptwithadatapoint.
SavetherotatedACSwithAccuDrawshortcut<WA>andrecallitwith<GA>.
Aquickrotationmethodistorotatetoanelementsplane.
Exercise:QuickRotationtoanelement
1 ContinuinginAccuDraw_3D.dgn,withfocusonAccuDraw,press<T>toset
Toprotation.
2 SelectPlaceCircle(W+5),withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Method:Center
3 PressF11toputfocusintheAccuDrawwindow.
4 Snapto,butdonotaccept,themidpointofrightedgeoftheinclined
planeandpress<O>tosettheAccuDraworiginatthemidpoint.
5 Press<RE>toRotatetoElement.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
3D Element Placement
6 Alignthecompasstotherightinclinededge.
7 Enteradatapointtoaccepttherotation.
8 IndextotheleftandpressEnter.
9 Snaptoapointonethirdofthewayalongthebottomedgeandentera
datapointtoplacethecenterofcircle.
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3D Element Placement
10 Indextoanyaxisandtypearadiusof0.2.
OthertoolsthatrelyontheplaneorientationalsocanbeusedwithAccuDraw.For
example,theMirror,RotateElement,andArraytoolsallusetheplaneorientation
todefinethedirectionofthemirror,ortheaxisofrotation.
Locatingelementsrelativetoothers
Therewillbeoccasionswhenyouwilllocateelementsrelativetoothersalready
presentinthemodel.
Inthefollowingexercise,youwillplaceaSmartLinetorepresentacenterlinefor
apipe.
Exercise:Drawthecenterline
1 ContinueinAccuDraw_3D.dgn.
2 Openthe01_AccuDrawExercisemodel.
3 SettheViewDisplayModetoSmoothwiththefollowingtoolsettings:
DisplayEdges:Enabled
DisplayHiddenEdges:Enabled
4 MaketheDrawingtaskstheactivetasksintheTaskNavigationdialog.
5 SelectPlaceSmartLine(Q+1)withfollowingsettings:
SegmentType:Lines
VertexType:Rounded
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3D Element Placement
RoundingRadius:1.5
JoinElements:Enabled
6 Intherotatedview,snaptothevertexatthepointlabeledStarthereand
acceptwithadatapoint.
7 Press<T>toswitchtotheTopplane.
8 Movethepointerdowntotheleftand,withitindexedtotheyaxis,press
<Enter>toconstrainthepointtothisaxis.(Donotenteradatapoint.)
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3D Element Placement
9 Typeadistanceof35forY,andacceptwithadatapoint.
10 StayingintheTopplane,indextonegativeYandpressEnter.
11 Snaptothecenteroflower,opencylinderfaceandacceptwithadata
point.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
3D Element Placement
Asyousnaptothevertex,AccuDrawdisplaysadashedline,whichis
perpendiculartothexaxis,backtothepointbeingplaced.Thisletsyou
locatetheydistanceusinga3Dsnap.
12 Press<F>forFrontrotation.
13 Indextothenegativeyaxisandpress<Enter>toconstrainthenextpoint
totheyaxis.
14 Withthepointerstillsnappedtothelowercenteropencylinderface,
acceptwithadatapoint.
15 Press<T>forToprotation.
16 Indextothenegativeyaxisandlockbypressing<Y>.
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3D Element Placement
17 Type30andacceptwithadatapoint.
18 Resettocomplete.
19 Rotatetoseetheotherside.
20 Repeatfortheother2directions.
21 SelectFile>Close.
Sep-09 71 AccuDraw in 3D
Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Using Auxiliary Coordinate Tools
UsingAuxiliaryCoordinateTools
Youcandefinenewxandyaxesinyourdesignplaneandsavethemasan
auxiliarycoordinatesystem(ACS).Youcandefineseveralauxiliarycoordinate
systemsandquicklychooseanyofthemtouse.Atanytime,youcanmakeone
ACSactiveperview.
Auxiliarycoordinatesystemscanbeparticularlyhelpfulin3Ddesign,wherethey
facilitateplacingelementsonplanesatdifferentdepthsandorientations.By
usinganACSthatcorrespondstothelocationandorientationofaparticular
element,youcanenterdatapointsrelativetothatelementratherthantheglobal
origin.
OnceanACSisactiveyoucanuseitwithAccuDrawandwithprecisioninputkey
ins(suchasAX=andAD=)toperformprecisioninputwithrespecttotheauxiliary
coordinatesystems.
YoucanalsouseAccuDrawshortcutkeyinstodefineandactivateauxiliary
coordinatesystems.
MicroStationprovidesspecifictoolsforcreating,modifying,importingand
selectingAuxiliaryCoordinateSystems.YoucanfindthetoolsbyselectingUtilities
>AuxiliaryCoordinatesorrightclickandturnonthetoolinthePrimaryTools
toolbox.
Anauxiliarycoordinatesystem(ACS)isacoordinatesystemwithanorientation,
and/oranneworigin,differentfromthoseoftheDGNfilecoordinates(the
GlobalOrigin).Althoughnotexclusivelya3Dconcept,anACSismostusefulin3D
modelingasadrawingaid.
Toolsfromlefttorightare:
CreateanewACS
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Using Auxiliary Coordinate Tools
CopyACS
DeleteACS
ImportACS
DefineACS(AlignedwithElement)
DefineACS(ByPoints)
DefineACS(AlignedwithView)
DefineACS(AlignedwithReference)
RotateACS
MoveACS
ApplyACStoSelectedView
SelectACS
ActiveDepthisnolongerused,becausethelocationofunsnappedpointsis
controlledbytheACSforaview.InsteadofDepthLock,younowcanenableACS
PlaneSnaptoforceunsnappedpointstofallontheplaneoftheACS.
AuxiliaryCoordinatesdialogtoolfeatures
AnewACScanbecreatedusingtheCreateanewACStoolinthedialog.
YoudoNOTneedtocreateanACSbeforeyoudefineit.UsingaDefineACS
toolwillcreateanACSforyou.
AlistboxnowdisplaystheactiveACSonthetoplineandallACSsinthe
activemodel.
AllACStoolsareavailablewithinthedialog.
Abilitytocreate,copy,deleteorimportanACS.
MakeanACSactivebydoubleclickingonACSnameinlistorrightclickonACS
nameandselectSetActivefromoptionslist.
OtheroptionsincludeabilitytomatchthecoordinatesystemofselectedACS
totheactiveACSorglobalcoordinatesforthemodel,anddeletingor
renaminganACS.
LeftclickontheTypeandchangeittoNone,Rectangular,Spherical,or
Cylindrical.
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Using Auxiliary Coordinate Tools
ImportantNotesontheACSSystem
TheactiveACSforaviewisNEVERanamedACS,itisacopy.Youcansetitfroma
namedACSandaslongitstillmatchesthenamedACSitwilldisplaythenameto
showwhereitoriginatedfrom.
Forexample,setanamedACSforaview,thenchangeit,byusingtheAccuDraw
shortcutsRA,E,DefineACSbyPointstool,etc.OnlytheactiveACSfortheviewis
changedandtheconnectionwiththenamedACSisbroken(theviewbecomes
unnamed).Otherwise,youwouldhavetobeverycarefulnottoinadvertentlyre
defineyourcarefullysetupnamedACS.
Thereverseisalsotrue.SetanamedACSontheview,thenmodifythenamed
ACSdirectly(forexample,enterneworiginvaluesforanamedACSusingtheACS
dialog).TheactiveACSvaluesareunaffectedandjusttheconnectionwiththe
namedACSisbroken.InbothcasesyouwillseethattheactiveACSlosesitsname
immediatelyintheACSdialog.
TheViewIndependenttoggle(rightclickonanamedACSintheACSdialogto
selectcommand)isalittledifferent.Itiscurrentlyonlyapropertyoftheactive
ACS,notanamedACS.Aslongastheothersettingsarethesameyoucantoggle
iton/offwithoutbreakingtheconnectiontothenamedACS,butifitisleftview
independentMicroStationwillstopshowingthenamewhenyoureopenthefile
becausetheactiveACSwouldhavebeensavedwithoutafixedrotation.Witha
viewindependentACSthexyplaneisalwaysalignedparalleltotheviewatthe
defineddepthortheequivalenttoactivedepthinV8i.
Sothemainthingtounderstandisthataview'sACSiscompletelyindependentof
anynamedACS,thenameisjustahelpfulhintastohowitwassetupthatisonly
validaslongasnothingischanged.
ACSandDepthLock
MicroStationV8inolongerhasaDepthLock.ItisreplacedbytheACSPlaneLock.
TheACSalwaysdefinesyourworkingplanenow,itisnotgoingtobesomestatic
thingthatyoujustleaveat0,0,0withanidentityrotationandneveruse.
TomimicdepthlockyoucansetupaviewindependentACS,whichisthedefault
forfilesthatdidnothaveACSPlaneLockenabledandwhatthesetactivedepth
toolnowdoes.ThenturnonACSPlaneSnapfromSettings>Locks>ACSPlane
andACSPlaneSnaporuseAccuDrawshortcutsLP,LAand/orLS(seebelow).
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Using Auxiliary Coordinate Tools
ACSandDepthLockQuestionsandAnswers
1 DoIneedtosetupvieworientedACSforeachrotatedview?
Youcertainlycan,youcouldhaveanACSforyourelevationviewthatis
alwaysfrontandyourplanviewthatisalwaystop,etc.However,ifyou
typicallyworkwithasingleviewandfrequentlyswitchbetweenstandard
rotationstodrawondifferentplanesalignedtotheview,changingthe
ACSwouldgettedious.Aview'sACScannowspecifythatitisview
independent,inotherwords,definesapointthataplanealignedwiththe
viewpassesthrough,effectivelytheactivedepthconceptbutwithout
havingtoworryaboutviewingoperationsinadvertentlychangingitout
fromunderyou.IfyouhavedisplayoftheACSenabledforaview,aview
independentACSdisplaysthetriadarrowswithadottedstyleinsteadof
solid.
2 HowdoesthisaffectthecoordinatereadoutintheStatusBar.
First,useRunningCoordinates(rightclickontheStatusBarandselect).
ThenbyleftclickingontheRunningCoordinatesboxintheStatusBaryou
canchoosetodisplay:Position,Delta,ViewDelta,Distance,ACSPosition,
orACSDelta.
3 Idoheavilyrelyonviewactivedepth,forrotatingviews.Iwouldhave
thoughtthatwhennoACSisenabledthentheactivedepthanddepthlock
shouldworkasbefore.
TheACSiseffectivelyalwaysenabled.ACSPlaneLocknowjustcontrols
whetherviewingoperationsandAccuDrawshortcutsforT,F,Sare
relativetothedesigncoordinatesortheACS.Italsocontrolswhetherthe
ACSscalewillbeused(inthecasewhereyouhaveexplicitlysetascale
otherthan1.0foryourACS).
4 WeuseSETTPMODELOCATEhowdoesthisaffectus?
Itshouldnotaffectyou.Toalwaysreportcoordinatesrelativetothe
globalorigin,usetpmodelocate.Ifyoudonotwantthesnappoint
projectedtotheactiveACSPlane(i.e.activedepth)turnoffACSPlane
SnapjustasyouwouldhavehadtoturnoffDepthLockinprevious
versions.UseTPMODEACSLOCATEonlyifyousetaspecificACSforyou
view,andtheexpectationhereisthattheseuserswillusetheACStools
andACSdialogandnotusetheoldactivedepthtools.Youcanalsochange
yourmodewithRunningCoordinates.
5 DoIneedtouseACSPlaneLockandACSPlaneSnapLockalwaysinmy
workflownow?
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Using Auxiliary Coordinate Tools
TheACSlocksisforsomeonewhohassetupanexplicitACStoa
meaningfullocation/orientation.ACSPlaneLockisnotneededtocontrol
whetherunsnappedpointsareprojectedtotheACSPlane,thatalways
happensnow.
6 HowdoIsavemyACSs?
ACSsaresavedwithSaveSettings.
SetActiveDepthTool
TheSetActiveDepthtoolwasleftintheinterfacebecauseitisafamiliarandeasy
tousetoolforpeoplethatwerenotaccustomedtousinganACS.The
implementationofthetoolhaschangedtodefineaviewindependentACSatthe
pointyouselect.TurntheViewAttributeforACSonsoyoucanseewhatitis
doing.
AccuDrawShortcutsforACS
AlthoughusingACSsmayseemcomplicated,AccuDrawusesthemasabasicpart
ofits3Dfunctionality,permanentlystoringarbitraryrotations.Itisnotnecessary
tolearnmuchaboutACSstousethemeffectivelywithAccuDraw.
AccuDrawdrawingplaneshortcutsforTop,FrontandSidearerelativetothe
activeACSratherthantheDefaultcoordinatesystem.
LPLockACSGridPlaneTogglesACSGridPlanelock,whichtogglestheACS
PlaneandACSPlaneSnaplocks,andtheGridviewattributeforallviews.Very
helpfulshortcut.TheF8keyismappedtothesamecommand.
LATogglesACSPlanelock.
LSTogglesACSPlaneSnaplock.
LZTogglesStickyZLock,whichcanbeusedinconjunctionwithACSPlane
SnapLocktoforceaseriesofsnappointstolieontheactiveACS'XYplane
(Z=0).
OnepossibleAccuDrawandACSWorkflow
1 Draw/Referenceanelementfortherotationyouneed.
2 UseAccuDrawshortcut<RE>forRotate[compassto]Element,and
AccuDrawwillrotatetotheorientationofthiselement.
3 UseAccuDrawshortcut<WA>forWriteACS,andanewACSwillbe
createdwiththenameyouchoose.
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Using Auxiliary Coordinate Tools
4 UseAccuDrawshortcut<GA>forGetACS,thisgivesyouamenutoselect
yourACSs.
WhenopeningtheACSdialogyouwillseeyourACSSystems,rightclickonthe
titlelistofthismenu,andyoucanturnonandviewtherotationofyourACS.
Exercise:CreatinganddrawingonanewACS.
1 ContinuinginAccuDraw_3D.dgn,openthemodel02_ACS_by_points.
2 SelecttheACSByPointstoolfromtheAuxiliaryCoordinatesdialogwith
thefollowingtoolsettings:
Type:Rectangular
3 EnterthenewACSoriginatpoint1
4 Definethexaxisbyplacingadatapointonpoint2
5 Enteradatapointonpoint3toidentifytheyaxisdirection,andthenew
ACSwilldisplay.
6 TocreateanewACS,clicktheCreateanewACStoolinthedialogandtype
anameforthenewACS.
7 DoubleclickthenewnamedACS.
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Using Auxiliary Coordinate Tools
ItwillbecometheActiveACSandwilldisplayonthefirstlineorActiveACS
lineofthedialog.
8 SelectPlaceBlockwiththefollowingsettings:
Method:Rotated
Area:Solid
FillType:None
Note:WhendrawingonarotatedACSusetheAccuDrawshortcut<LA>tolock
theACSPlane.
9 Enterthebasepointoftheblockatthemidpointoftheedgebetween
points1and3.
10 Enterthesecondbasepointoftheblockatthemidpointoftheedge
betweenpoints1and2.
AccuDrawwillautomaticallyrotateorthogonaltoACS2.
11 Movethepointeralongthegreenyaxisforadistanceof1.
12 RenderusingtheSmoothorHiddenLineViewDisplayMode.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
DefineanACSalignedwithareferencefile
Thefollowingimageshowsasimplereferenceattachedtothemodel.
TosettheACSsothatitisalignedwiththeACSoftheReference,usetheDefine
ACS(AlignedwithReference)tool.SelecttheReferenceandtheReferenceACS
becomestheactiveACS.
ACSinteractionwithAccuDraw
UsetheAccuDrawshortcut<LA>tolocktheactiveACSplane.Thiswillletyouuse
the<T>,<F>and<S>shortcutsrelativetotheactiveACS.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Using Auxiliary Coordinate Tools
UsetheAccuDrawshortcut<LP>ordefaultfunctionkey<F8>toturnontheACS
Plane,ACSPlaneSnapandgridforallviews.Thefollowingimageshowsthe
resultsofusingthe<LP>or<F8>shortcut.
SeparateACSperView
AnewtoolintheACStoolboxletsyouassignAuxiliaryCoordinateSystemstoeach
view.YoucancreateanACSforaviewwiththeDefineACSbyViewtool.Youcan
maketheACSviewindependentbyturningonacheckbox.Whenaview
independentACSisactive,andtheACStriadsettingisenabledfortheview,theX,
Yarrowsaredisplayedasdashedintheview.
ToretaintheperviewACSsettingforthenextsession,youmustselectFile>Save
Settings.
WhenamodelcreatedinanearlierversionisopenedandtheACSPlanelockis
notenabled,aviewindependentACSwithanoriginoftheviewcenteratactive
depthiscreated.Thisletsyoustartworkingwiththegeometrycreatedinthe
sameplaceasitwouldhavebeenintheearlierversion(attheActiveDepth).
YoumayalsorightclickonanACSintheACSdialogandselectSetActiveView.
ProjectingPointsfromandACStoaPlane
YoucanuseacombinationofanACSandAccuDrawtoprojectpoints,intheACS
zdirection,fromtheACSplanetotheAccuDrawdrawingplane.Thistechnique
letsyou,forexample,tracetheboundaryofahouseontoaslopingroofline,as
explainedinthefollowingworkflow.
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Module Review
HowtoProjectPointsontoaRotatedPlane:
1.SetupanACSsuchthattheZdirectionisthedesiredprojection.
2.PressF8or<LP>tolockAccuDrawtotheACSPlane,PlaneSnapandGrid
Planeoruse<LA>and<LS>ifyoudonotwanttoseethegrid.
3.Selecttheelementplacementtool,suchasPlaceSmartLine.
4.PressF11,tosetfocustoAccuDraw.
5.KeyintheAccuDrawshortcutRE.
6.Inthetoolsettings,set:
UpdateCurrentACS:Off
MoveOrigin:On
7.SelecttheelementtowhichyouwantAccuDrawalignedandacceptwitha
datapoint.
8.Tocommencedrawingtheelement,snaptoanelementintheACSplane
andacceptwithadatapoint.
ThepointisprojectedontotheAccuDrawdrawingplane.
9.AddmorepointsbysnappingtoelementsintheACSplanetoprojectthe
pointstotheAccuDrawdrawingplane.
ModuleReview
Nowthatyouhavecompletedthismodule,letsmeasurewhatyouhavelearned.
Questions
1 Whenyouplaceelementsina3Dfile,onwhatplanearetheyplacedby
default?
2 HowcanyoumovefocustotheAccuDrawwindow?
3 Whichviewrotationbestdisplaysamodel?
4 TrueorFalse:Whenyoucopyanelementin3D,itretainsitscurrent
orientation.
5 Whatistheminimumrequirementtodescribeaplanarsurface?
6 WhatdoestheAccuDrawshortcut<RA>do?
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Basic3DSolids
ModuleOverview
ThismodulepresentstoolsforCurves,SolidsandSurfaces.Whenworkingwith
Solidsithelpstothinklikeasculptorwhostartsoutwithamassandcutsaway
whatisnotneeded.Ofcourse,indigital3Dyoucanaddjustaseasily.
ModulePrerequisites
Knowledgeof3DtoolsinMicroStation
Knowledgeof2DDrawingtoolsinMicroStation
KnowledgeofAccuDrawin3D
ModuleObjectives
Aftercompletingthismodule,youwillbeableto:
Usenew3Dmodificationandcreationworkflows
Useexistingandnew3DPrimitives
Applynewfeaturesofexistingtools
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Introductory Knowledge
IntroductoryKnowledge
Beforeyoubeginthismodule,let'sdefinewhatyoualreadyknow.
Questions
1 NametheAccuDrawshortcutusedtocyclethroughrotations.
2 What3Dprimitiveletsyoucreateaboxshapedobject?
3 WhatisFeatureModeling?
Answers
1 E.
Thisshortcutwillcyclethroughallorthogonalrotations.
2 PlaceSlab.
3 FeatureModelingtoolsletyoucreateparametricfeaturebasedsolids.
Thatis,aparametricsolidthatiscreatedfromoneormorefeatures.Each
partofasolidsmodelcreatedwiththesetoolsisafeature.Parameters
usedtocreatethefeaturesarestoredinthedesignandmaybeedited.
3DWorkflows
All3Dmodelingtoolsnowhaveaunifiedworkflowthatcoversthatwaythatyou
selectitemsforcreationandmodification,andhowyoucanmodifythem
interactively.
Forexample,youcannowselectedgesandfacesofsolidsandsurfacesfor
modificationwithElementSelection.Typically,selectingedges,faces,orvertices,
forsolidsandsurfacesisasfollows:
Generallyselectsingleitemswithadatapoint,anduseCtrl+databutton
foradditionalitems.
Facesselectthesolid/surfacefirst,andthendynamicsletyouselectface(s).
BackFacessnaptoanedgeorvertexofabackface.
Edges/Verticesdirectselection,orthroughdynamicselection.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
3D Workflows
Interactivehandlestocontrol3Dobjectsduringcreation
Interactivehandlesletyoucontrolaspectsof3Dobjectsduringcreation.For
example,youcanreversethedirectionofsurfacenormalsinteractively,during
constructionoffillets,byclickingthedirectionhandles.
SolidsModelingTask
ContainsbasicDrawingtoolsplus3Dspecifictoolsforcreatingprimitivesolids,
extrusions,revolutions,convertingsolidstosurfacesandviceversa,andtheDraw
onSolidandModifySolidEntitytools.
ThefirsttoolintheSolidsModelingtask,PlaceSmartLineinitially,isalsoa
memberoftheDrawingtask.Whenyoupresstheleftmousebuttonoverthe
tool,youseeadropdownmenufromwhichatoolintheDrawingtaskcanbe
selected.TheDrawingtaskcanbeopenedasafloatingtoolboxbyselectingOpen
AsToolBoxfromthedropdownmenu.
WhenatoolisselectedintheDrawingtask,thetoolautomaticallybecomesthe
topiconofthechildtaskintheSolidsModelingtask.
Hint:PressF4toseethecurrenttasksatthepointer.
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3D Workflows
SurfaceModelingtasks
ThesetaskscontaintheDrawingtoolbox,plustasksforconstruction,and
modificationofsurfacesandmeshelements.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
3D Workflows
FeatureBasedSolidsModelingtasks
MicroStationhasadvancedsolidsmodelingconstructionandmodificationtools
forparametricmodelingusingFeaturetrees.ThesearecontainedintheFeature
BasedSolidsModelingtask.
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3D Primitive Solids
AlternateDisplayoptionsexistfortheTaskNavigationdialog.Rightclickonthe
nameofataskinthedialogitselforselectaniconfromtheiconsdisplayedaside
oftheTaskname.
ListoptionisusefulwhenlearninganewtaskandPaneloptionexposesalltools.
3DPrimitiveSolids
Many3Dsolidscanbecreatedfrom1ormoreofthePrimitiveSolidsmodels
locatedintheSolidsModelingTask.Theprimitivemodelsavailableincludethe
Slab,Pyramid,Sphere,Cylinder,Cone,EllipticalCone,Ellipsoid,Torus,Wedge,
andPolyhedron.
3DSurfacePrimitiveshavebeenmovedtotheSurfaceTask.
EachtoolsettinghastheMethod,Axisandrequiredparameterstocreatethe
specificPrimitiveSolids:
Method:CreationbyVertex,Edge,Face,Inscribe,Circumscribed,Center,
Edge,orDiameter.
Axis:Letsyouchoosehowtheaxisfortheelementisdefined.Youcanselect
fromPoints(AccuDraw),ScreenX,Y,orZ,orDrawingX,Y,orZ.Screenis
directionoftheheightissettothescreen'sX,Y,orZaxis.Drawingisdirection
oftheheightissettothedrawing's,ormodel's,X,Y,orZaxis
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3D Primitive Solids
Othersettingsarespecificforeachtool.
Hint:Althoughtheprimitivesdimensionscanbespecifiedinthetoolsettings,for
placingasingleprimitiveitisgenerallyquickertotypethesedistancesintothe
AccuDrawwindow.
SlabSolid
Probablythemostusefulofallprimitives,thePlaceSlabtoolcanbeusedtodraw
anycubicobject.Usingthistool,youcanconstructaboxshapedsolidorsurface.
Elementspecifictoolsettingsareasfollows.
Axis:Points(AccuDraw),ScreenX,Y,Z,DrawingX,Y,Z
Orthogonal:Whenenabled,thesidesareperpendiculartothebase.
Length:Ifon,specifiesthelength.
Width:Ifon,specifiesthewidth.
Height:Ifon,specifiestheheight.
SlabsplacedasSolid
PlaceSphere
Withthistool,youcanconstructaspherewith2datapoints.Elementspecific
toolsettingsareasfollows.
Method:Center,Edge,Diameter
Axis:Points(AccuDraw),ScreenX,Y,Z,DrawingX,Y,Z
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3D Primitive Solids
Radius:Whenon,specifiestheRadius.
PlaceCylinder
Acylinderisdefinedby3datapoints,thecenterofitsradius,thentheradius,and
finallytheheight.Elementspecifictoolsettingsareasfollows.
Axis:Points(AccuDraw),ScreenX,Y,Z,DrawingX,Y,Z
Orthogonal:Ifon,thecenterlineofthecylinderisperpendiculartothebase.
Radius:Ifon,specifiestheradius.
Height:Ifon,specifiestheheight.
Hint:YoucanusetheModifyElementtooltorepositionthebaseortopofcylinders.
PlaceCone
SimilartothePlaceCylindertool,thePlaceConetoolrequiresafourthdatapoint
todefinetheTopradiusofthecone.Aconewithitsapexcutoffbyaplane
paralleltoitsbaseiscalledatruncatedconeorfrustum.
Elementspecifictoolsettingsareasfollows.
Axis:Points(AccuDraw),ScreenX,Y,Z,DrawingX,Y,Z
Orthogonal:Ifon,thecenterlineoftheconeisperpendiculartothebase.
TopRadius:Ifon,specifiesthetopradius.
BaseRadius:Ifon,specifiesthebaseradius.
Height:Ifon,specifiestheheight.
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3D Primitive Solids
PlaceTorus
Atorusisarounddoughnutshapedobjectthatisdefinedby4datapoints;the
startpoint,thecenterpoint,thesweepangle,andthesecondaryradius.The
primaryradiusistheonethetorusissweptaroundandisthedistancebetween
thestartpointandthecenterpoint.Thesecondaryradiusdefinestheinner
radius,ortheradiusofthetoruscircularsection.
Elementspecifictoolsettingsareasfollows.
Axis:Points(AccuDraw),ScreenX,Y,Z,DrawingX,Y,Z
PrimaryRadius:Ifon,specifiestheprimaryradius.
SecondaryRadius:Ifon,specifiesthesecondaryradius.
Angle:Ifon,specifiesthesweepangle.
PlaceWedge
Awedgeisconstructedbyrevolvingarectangularsectionaboutanaxis.Itis
definedby4datapoints.Thefirstdatapointdefinesacornerofthewedge,the
seconddatapointdefinesthecenterpointofthewedgeandthepointtorotate
about,thethirddatapointdefinesthesweepangleandthefourthdatapoint
definestheheightofthewedge.
Elementspecifictoolsettingsareasfollows.
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3D Primitive Solids
Axis:Points(AccuDraw),ScreenX,Y,Z,DrawingX,Y,Z
Triangular:Determinestheshapeofthewedge.Ifon,theouterfaceisflat(a
chordofthesweptsurface).Ifoff,theouterfaceisrounded.
Radius:Ifon,specifiestheradius.
Angle:Ifon,specifiestheangle.
Height:Ifon,specifiestheheight.
PlacePyramidSolid
Amultisidedpyramidwithequalsidesorarectangularpyramidcanbecreated
withthisnewprimitivesolid.
Method:Inscribed,Circumscribes,ByEdge,andRectangle
Axis:Points(AccuDraw),ScreenX,Y,Z,DrawingX,Y,Z
Orthogonal:Whenenabled,thesidesareperpendiculartothebase.
Edges:Youcancreatefrom3to63edges.
TheimageonleftshowsInscribed,Circumscribed,ByEdgemethodandimageonrightshowsRectanglemethod
Exercise:DrawaPyramidSolid
1 OpenBasic_Solids.dgnandopenthemodelnamed01_3DPrimitives.
2 MaketheSolidsModelingtaskactiveintheTaskNavigationdialog.
3 SelectPyramidSolid(E+2)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Method:Inscribed
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3D Primitive Solids
Axis:Points(AccuDraw)
Edges:5
Orthogonal:Enabled
4 EnterCenterPoint:ClickanywhereinviewandsetAccuDrawrotationto
(T).
Definebaseradius:Movecursor40unitsinpositiveXdirection.
Defineheight:Movecursor80unitsinpositiveZdirection.
Definetopradius:Movecursor20unitsinpositiveXdirection.
WhenOrthogonalisdisabled,youcancreateskewedPyramidSolids,wherethe
sidesandheightarenotrestrictedtobeingperpendiculartobaseradius.
Whenallsettingsareenabled,youmerelydefinethedirectionofeach
dimension.ThisisusefulwhenyouwanttoplaceanumberofPyramidSolidswith
thesamedimensionvalues.Iftheyareallidentical,theCopytoolcanbeused
afterplacingthefirstslab.
EllipticalConeSolid
Thistoolisusedtoplaceanellipticalconesolid,whichisatransitionsolid
betweentwoellipses.TheresultingsolidisaSmartSolid.Toolsettingsare:
Axis:Points(AccuDraw),ScreenX,Y,Z,DrawingX,Y,Z
Orthogonal:Ifon,theelementisarightellipticalcone.
BasePrimaryRadius:Ifon,setstheprimaryaxisradiusforthebase.
BaseSecondaryRadius:Ifon,setsthesecondaryaxisradiusforthebase.
Height:Ifon,setstheheightoftheellipticalcone.
TopPrimaryRadius:Ifon,setstheprimaryaxisradiusforthetop.
TopSecondaryRadius:Ifon,setsthesecondaryaxisradiusforthetop.
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3D Primitive Solids
Exercise:DrawaEllipticalConeSolidusingAccuDraw
1 ContinuinginBasic_Solids.dgn,inthe01_3DPrimitivesmodel,withthe
SolidsModelingtaskactiveintheTaskNavigationdialog,selectElliptical
ConeSolid(E+6)withthefollowingtoolsetting:
Axis:Points(AccuDraw)
Orthogonal:Enabled
2 EnteradatapointanywhereinviewandsetAccuDrawrotationto(T).
Enterthebaseellipsecenterpoint.
3 Enteraprimaryradius(xaxis=20)andasecondaryradius(yaxis=40)to
createtheellipticalbase.
4 Enter(zaxis=80)todefinetheheightoftheEllipticalConeSolid.
AccuDrawautomaticallyswitchestothecorrectAccuDrawPlanerotation
inordertoentertheheight.
5 Forthetopellipseenteraprimaryradius(xaxis=40),secondaryradius
(yaxis=20)andfinaldatapointtocompletethesolidprimitive.
EllipsoidSolid
Thistoolisusedtoplaceanellipsoid,asoliddefinedbythreeradii.Anellipsoidis
atypeofquadricsurfacethatisahigherdimensionalanalogueofanellipse.
Exercise:DrawanEllipsoidPrimitiveSolidusingAccuDraw
1 ContinuinginBasic_Solids.dgn,inthe01_3DPrimitivesmodel,withthe
SolidsModelingtaskactiveintheTaskNavigationdialog,selectEllipsoid
PrimitiveSolid(E+7)withthefollowingtoolsetting:
Axis:Points(AccuDraw)
Orthogonal:Enabled
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3D Primitive Solids
2 EnteradatapointanywhereintheviewandsetAccuDrawrotationto(T).
Enterthebaseellipseprimaryradius(xaxis=40).
3 Enterasecondaryradius(yaxis=20)tocreatetheellipticalbase.
4 Enteratertiaryradius(zaxis=20).tocompletetheEllipsoidprimitive
solid.
AccuDrawautomaticallyswitchestothecorrectAccuDrawPlanerotation
inordertoenterthetertiaryradius.
RegularPolyhedron
Apolyhedron(pluralpolyhedraorpolyhedrons)isoftendefinedasageometric
objectwithflatfacesandstraightedgesofequallength.
Method:
VertexRadiusismeasuredfromthecenterofthepolyhedronto
eachvertex.
EdgeRadiusismeasuredfromthecenterofthepolyhedrontothe
midpointofeachedge.
FaceRadiusismeasuredfromthecenterofthepolyhedrontothe
centerofeachface.
Radius:Ifon,definestheRadiususedtoconstructthepolyhedron.
FaceNumber:Optionmenuthatletsyouselectthenumberoffacesforthe
polyhedron4,6,8,12,or20.
Exercise:DrawanPolyhedronPrimitiveSolidusingAccuDraw
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Create Solids Toolbox
1 ContinuinginBasic_Solids.dgn,inthe01_3DPrimitivesmodel,withthe
SolidsModelingtaskactiveintheTaskNavigationdialog,select
Polyhedron(E+0)PrimitiveSolidwiththefollowingtoolsetting:
Method:Vertex
Axis:Points(AccuDraw)
FaceNumber:20
2 Enteradatapointanywhereinview,settheAccuDrawrotationto(T),and
thendefinetheradiusandaxisforthePolyhedronprimitive.
CreateSolidsToolbox
TheCreateSolidsToolsincludeSolidbyExtrusion,SolidbyRevolution,Solidby
ExtrusionAlong,SolidbyThickenSurfaceandLinearSolid.
Ifyouneedtocreatecomplexorcurvedsolids,youcanoftencreatethemfroma
profileelement.Youcanextrudeaprofileinastraightline,alongaspecific3D
pathwithprofilerotationcontrol.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Create Solids Toolbox
SolidByExtrusion
Thistoolisusedtoconstruct3Dsolidsfrom2Dprofiles.Itletsyouextrude,or
project,aplanar2Delementalonganaxistocreatea3Dobject.Thus,lines
becomeplanes,circlesbecomecylindersandblocksbecomeslabs.When
complexshapesorSmartLinesareusedastheprofiles,quitecomplexsolidsare
possible.ThereisanequivalenttoolintheSurfaceModelingtask.Available
elementtypesforextrusionare:
Line
Linestring
Arc
Ellipse
Shape
Text
Multiline
Complexchain
Complexshape
Bsplinecurve
Surfacesformedbetweentheoriginalprofileelementanditsextrusionare
indicatedbystraightlinesconnectingthekeypoints.
Toolsettingsareasfollows.
Orthogonal:Whenon,thesidesareperpendiculartotheplaneoftheprofile
element.
Distance:Whenon,definesthedistanceoftheprojectedextrusion.
BothDirections:Whenon,theextrusionisconstructedinbothdirections
fromtheprofile.
XScaleandYScale:Whenon,specifiesthescalingfactorfortheshapeasitis
beingprojected.Scalingisuniformaboutthepointatwhichtheshapeis
identified.
SpinAngle:Whenon,definestheanglethroughwhichthe2Delementrotates
(counterclockwise)abouttheaxisofprojection(maximum360).Tocorrectly
specifytherotation,youmustselecttheshapeatthepointaboutwhichthe
rotationistooccur.
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Create Solids Toolbox
Hint:WhenusingSpinAngleitisbesttoselectthecenteroftheprofileasthe
pivotpoint.
UseActiveAttributes:Whenon,thesurfaceorsolidofrevolutioniscreated
withtheelementusingtheactiveattributes.Whenoff,thesurfaceorsolidof
revolutioniscreatedwiththeelementtakingtheattributesoftheprofile
element.
KeepOriginal:Whenon,theoriginalprofileelementiskept.Whenoff,the
profileisdeleted.
Exercise:Extrudingaprofile
1 OpenBasic_Solids.dgn.
2 Openthemodel02_Extrude1.
Themodelispartofanobservationplatform.Profilesforthesupport
columnsarereadytobeextruded.
3 SelectSolidbyExtrusion(R+1),withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Orthogonal:Enabled
Distance:Enabledandsetto3.0
Allotheroptions:Disabled
4 Followingthestatusbarprompt,intheIsometricview,identifyprofilein
thelowerleft.
5 Movethepointerabovetheprofilesotheextrusionisupward,andaccept
withadatapoint.
Youcanextrudemultipleprofiles,inasingleoperation,byfirstselecting
theprofileswiththeElementSelectiontool.
Exercise:Extrudingmultipleprofiles
1 ContinuingBasic_solids.dgn,inthemodel02_Extrude1,selectElement
Selection(1)fromtheMaintoolboxwithmodesettoBlockandmethod
settoAdd.
2 IntheIsometricview,drawablockaroundtheremaining3column
profiles.
3 SelectSolidbyExtrusion(R+1)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
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Create Solids Toolbox
Orthogonal:Enabled
Distance:3.00
4 Allothersettings:Disabled
5 Enteradatapointtoaccepttheselectionset.
6 Movethepointerabovetheprofilessothattheextrusionisupwards,
snaptoacceptthisdirection.
Extrusionsmayhaveascaleappliedtothem,oraspinangle,orboth.
Exercise:ExtrudingwithSpinAngleandScaling
1 ContinuinginBasic_Solids.dgn,openthemodel03_Extrude2.
2 SelectSolidbyExtrusion(R+1),withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Orthogonal:Enabled
Distance:Enabledandsetto8
SpinAngle:Enabledandsetto45
Allothersettings:Disabled
3 IntheIsometricview,snaptothecenteroftheleftprofile.
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Create Solids Toolbox
4 Movethepointerupwardandacceptwithadatapoint.
5 Changethefollowingtoolsettings:
SpinAngle:Disabled
XScale:Enabledandsetto0.75
YScale:Enabledandsetto0.75
6 Identifythecenterofthecenterprofile.
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Create Solids Toolbox
7 Movethepointerupwardtoextrudeinthatdirectionandacceptwitha
datapoint.
8 EnableSpinAngleandsetitto45.
9 Identifythecenteroftherightprofileandextrudeitupward.
WithOrthogonalenabled,allextrusionsareperpendiculartotheplaneofthe
elementbeingextruded.Thepositionofthepointermerelydefineswhetherthe
projectionisupordownfromtheprofile.IfyoudisabledOrthogonal,youcan
definetheextrusiontobeinanydirection.
SolidByRevolution
Whenyourequireacurvedcircularextrusion,youcanusetheConstruct
Revolutiontool.AswiththeExtrudetool,thistoolalsoisusedtoconstruct3D
solidsorsurfacesfrom2Dprofiles.Ineffect,aprofileisrevolvedaboutanaxisto
createasolidorsurface.Availableelementtypesforcurvedcircularextrusion
are:
Line
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Create Solids Toolbox
Linestring
Arc
Ellipse
Shape
Complexchain
Complexshape
Bsplinecurve
Toolsettingsforthistoolareasfollows.
Axis:Definesthedirectionoftheaxisaboutwhichtherevolutionis
performed.Optionsare:Points(AccuDraw);ScreenX,Y,orZ;DrawingX,Y,or
Z.
Angle:Definesthesweepangleoftherevolution(abouttheaxis).
UseActiveAttributes:Whenon,thesurfaceorsolidofrevolutioniscreated
withtheelementusingtheactiveattributes.Whenoff,thesurfaceorsolidof
revolutioniscreatedwiththeelementtakingtheattributesoftheprofile
element.
KeepOriginal:Whenon,theoriginalprofileelementiskept.Whenoff,the
profileisdeleted.
Inthenextexercise,youwillrotateaprofileofarocketnozzle360degrees
aroundanaxistocreateasolid.
Exercise:Createasolidbyrevolvingaprofile
1 ContinuinginBasic_Solids.dgn,openthemodel04_Revolution1.
2 SelectSolidbyRevolution(R+2)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Axis:Points(AccuDraw)
Angle:360
Othersettings:Disabled
3 IntheIsometricview,identifytheprofile.
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Create Solids Toolbox
4 Snaptothetopofthedashdotlineatandacceptwithadatapoint.
Theproposedsolidisdisplayed.Notethatthepointernowcontrolsthe
axisoftherevolution.Asyoumoveittheradiuschangesandthesolid
changesinsize.YoucanchangetheaxisplaneusingAccuDrawshortcuts.
Thepointercontrolsthelocationoftheaxis.
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Create Solids Toolbox
5 Snaptothebottomofthedashdotlineatandacceptwithadatapoint.
Thesolidiscompleted.
6 InView4,clicktheViewDisplayModeviewcontrolandchangethe
displaymodetoSmooth.
YoucanturnoffthelevelDefaulttoremovethecenterline.
7 SelectFile>Close.
UsingtheConstructRevolutiontool,youcancreatecomplexcurved3Dsolids
froma2Dshapeorcomplexshape.Equally,youcanrevolveanopenelement,
suchasalinestringoranarctocreateacurvedsurface.
SolidByThickenSurface
Thistoolisusedtoaddthicknesstoanexistingsurfacetocreateasolid,by
thickeningitinthedirectionofthesurfacenormals.Uponidentifyingthesurface,
anarrowdisplaysshowingthedistanceanddirectionofthethickeningthatwill
beadded.IfAddToBothSidesison,arrowsdisplayinbothdirections.If
Thicknessisnotturnedon,thenthickeningisaddedgraphically,withtheamount
ofthickeningdefinedbythescreenpointer.Toolsettingsare:
AddToBothSides:Ifon,thethicknessvalueisaddedtobothsidesofthe
surface.
Thickness:Ifon,setsthethicknessvaluethatisaddedtothesurface.
FaceOnly:Ifon,letsyouselectanindividualfaceofasolidorsurface.
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Create Solids Toolbox
FullDynamics:Ifon,displaysapreview.Onlargesurfaces,thedisplaymay
takealongtime.Turningthetoggleoffwillreducethegenerationtime.
KeepOriginal:Ifon,theoriginalprofileelementisretained.
HowtouseSolidByThickenSurface:
1.SelecttheSolidbyThickenSurfacetool.
2.TurnonThickness.
3.IntheThicknessfield,enterthevalueforthethickening.
4.Ifnecessary,turnonAddToBothSides.
5.Identifythesurface.
6.Thesurfacehighlights.Anarrow(s)displays,showingthedistanceandto
whichside(s)thethicknesswillbeadded.
7.IfAddToBothSidesisoff,movethepointer,usingthearrowsasaguide,to
selectthesideforthickening.
8.Accept.
LinearSolid
Thistoolisusedtocreateawalllikesolid(withrectangularsection)bydefiningits
alignmentdirection.
Exercise:LinearSolid
1 ContinuinginBasic_Solids.dgn,openthemodel05_LinearSolid.
2 MaketheSolidsModelingtaskactiveintheTaskNavigationdialog.
3 SelectLinearSolid(R+5)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Placeby:Center
Width:0.5
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Create Solids Toolbox
Height:3
4 Enteradatapointinanyviewanddrawthefloorplanasdimensionedin
thefollowingimage.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Challenge Exercises
ChallengeExercises
Exercise:Drawadoorandhardware
1 CreateanewmodelinAccuDraw_3D.dgn.Setworkingunitssettom
(MU)andcm(SU)andworkonlyintheIsometricview.
2 UsethePlaceSlabtooltocreatethesoliddoor,2.5mtall,5cmthickand
75cmwide(Frontorientation).
3 Place2.5cmdiametercylindersforthehinges(7.5cmlongstarting15cm
fromthetopandbottom)withthecenterofthehingeontheedgeofthe
door.
4 UsethePlaceSphereandPlaceCylindertoolstocreatethedoorknob
(5cmdiameterspheresonbothsideswitha2.5cmdiametercylinder,
15cmlong,connectingthem).Placethedoorknobassembly5cmfromthe
edgeofthemidpointofthedoor.
Exercise:Drawafloorlamp
Theliparoundtheshadeisatoruswithaprimaryradius
of30cmandsecondaryradiusof2.5cm.Itisplacedfrom
anedgeoftheshade.
TheShadeisasurfaceConewithaBaseradiusof5cm,heightof22.5cm
andTopradiusof30cm.
ThePoleisaCylinderthatis195cmhighand5cmindiameter.
TheBaseisCylinderwitharadiusof22.5cmandheightof5cm.
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ModuleReview
Nowthatyouhavecompletedthismodule,letsmeasurewhatyouhavelearned.
Questions
1 TrueorFalse:PrimitiveSolidstoolsalsoletyoucreateaPrimitiveSurface.
2 WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedwiththeSolidbyExtrusioncommand?
a.LineStrings
b.Circles
c.BSplineCurves
d.Shapes
e.Alloftheabove
3 TrueorFalse:WhenyouuseSolidbyThickenSurface,youmustthicken
thesurfaceinaperpendiculardirectiontothesurface(inthedirectionof
asurfacenormal).
4 Howdoyouselectthebackfaceona3Dmodel?
5 TrueorFalse.ThenewPolyhedronPrimitivesolidhasanunlimited
numberoffacesoption.
Answers
1 False.TocreatePrimitiveSurfaceyoumustusetheSurfaceModelingtask.
2 e.Alloftheabove,plusmanymoretypesaswell.
3 True.Youcanonlythickeninthedirectionofasurfacenormal.
4 Whenselectingafacewithinatoolsequenceselectavisiblefacethen
movethecursortoacommonedgeandselectthisedgeusingatentative
snap,whichwillselectthecoincidentface.
5 ThePolyhedronPrimitiveSolidislimitedto4,6,8,12,and20faces.
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AdvancedSolidModeling
ModuleOverview
Complexsolidscanbecreatedbyusingadditionaltoolsforsolidcreationand
modification.
Startingwithbasicsolidsorsurfaces,youcanaddfinishingtouchessuchasfillets
andchamfers.Youcanuseaplanarclosedshapeoropenelementasaprofileto
createacutoutineitherasurfaceorasolid.UsetheShellSolidtooltocreatea
hollowsolidwithdefinedwallthickness.YoucanalsoexecuteBooleanoperation
onSolids.
ModulePrerequisites
KnowledgeofAccuDraw
KnowledgeofSolidPrimitives
ModuleObjectives
Aftercompletingthismodule,youwillbeableto:
UseandapplytheSolidConstructiontools
UseandapplytheSolidModificationtools
Modifyaface,edge,orvertex,ofasolid
Removeoneormorefacesfromasolid
Taperthefaceofasolid
Constructasolidfromtheunion,intersectionordifferenceof2ormoresolids
Placeacutinasolid
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Introductory Knowledge
Filletorchamfertheedge(s)ofasolid
Edit3Dprimitives
IntroductoryKnowledge
Beforeyoubeginthismodule,let'sdefinewhatyoualreadyknow.
Questions
1 HowdoyouplaceaBspline?
2 TrueorFalse:Whenyouchangetheorderofacurveitcanbechangedto
anorderthatishigherthanthenumberofpointsusedtoplacethecurve.
3 Whichviewrotationbestdisplaysamodel?
Answers
1 ABsplineisdefinedbyplacingcontrolpoints,orpoles,withaminimumof
3polesrequired.
2 False.Itcannotbechangedtoanorderthatishigherthanthenumberof
pointsusedtoplacethecurve.
3 Isometric(orRightIso).
WorkingArea
Solidsmodelingrequiresgreateraccuracythanthatrequiredforsurface
modeling.TheSolidssettingintheWorkingAreassectionoftheDGNFileSettings
dialogsAdvancedUnitSettingsdialog(Settings>DesignFile,WorkingUnits
category)letsyousetaworkingareathatdeterminesthedegreeofaccuracyfor
solidscalculations.
TheParasolidsolidmodelingkernelsusedbyMicroStationrequirecoordinate
dataatafixedprecision.Inordertoguaranteeenoughprecisionisavailable,
MicroStationdefinesthesolidsworkingarea.
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Working Area
Thesizeofthesolidsmodelingareacanbeincreased,butdoingsowillreducethe
availableprecision.Itdefinesanupperboundthatlimitstheextentsofanysingle
solidsothatitcanbemodeledtoafixedprecision.Thisprecisionvalueis
displayedintheAdvancedUnitSettingsdialogasSolidsAccuracy.
ThesettingsthatyouusedependonwhetheryourequirecompatibilitywithV7
projectsornot.Forbestresults,intheResolutionsection,setstorageunitto
Meter.IntheWorkingAreas(eachaxis)Solidssection,forV8projectsInput1
(Kilometer)andforV7projectsInput0.
ForV8projects,thiswillsettheSolidsAccuracyto1E008,whichalsoisthe
Parasolidsdefault.IfyouthenmakeanychangestotheResolutionsetting,
changingtheSolidsvaluebackto1KilometerwillrestoretheSolidsAccuracyto
1E008.
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Solids Modeling Task
SolidsModelingTask
TheSolidsModelingtaskcontainsthetoolsforconstructionandmodification.
PanelviewoftheSolidsModelingtask
CreateSolids,ModifySolids,andSolidUtilitytools
SolidByExtrusionAlong
TheSolidByExtrusionAlongtoolisusedtoconstruct3Dsolidsfrom2Dprofiles
extrudedalongacurvecalledapath.ItreplacestheExtrudeAlongPathtool.
Youcancreatesolidsbyextrudingprofilesalongapathelementthattheprofile
elementistofollowasitisextruded.Whenusingaprofile,youcanspecifythat
theextrusionisattachedtothepathelement,orthatitusesthepathelementto
definethedirectionoftheextrusionfromthecurrentlocationoftheprofile.
Thistoolcanbeusedtocreateitemssuchasroofs,pipework,ductwork,or
handrails.Youcancreatetheextrusionwithaprofileorbyspecifyingtheoutside
andtheinsideradii,whereacircularsolidorahollowpipeisbeingconstructed.
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Solids Modeling Task
WhenCircularisselectedforextrusions,theendsarecapped.
Theprofilerotationcanbedeterminedbythecurvegeometryortheprofilemay
belockedinaspecificdirection.Thistoolalsopermitsselfintersectinggeometry,
butwhenthisconditionexists,timeforcreationisslower.
ForthosethathaveusedpriorversionsyouwillnoticetheabsenceofthePathto
ProfileandProfiletoPathAttachmentoptionswhicharenolongeravailablein
theMicroStationV8iversion.Afterselectingaprofile,youhaveasmallballthatis
theChangeStartPoint.Thispointcanbedraggedtomodifythestartofthepath,
givingyouthesamefunctionalityaspreviousversionsforPathtoProfileorProfile
toPath.
Availableelementtypesforextrusionare:
Ellipse
Shape
Text
Multiline
Complexchain
Complexshape
Bsplinecurve
Openelementsarenotvalid,astheywouldproduceaSurface.Ifyouneedan
openelement,usetheSurfacebyExtrusionAlongcommand,fromtheSurface
Modelingtask.
Toolsettingsareasfollows:
Alignment:Determinestheorientationoftheprofileelementasitis
extruded.
NormalAstheprofileisextruded,itmaintainsafixedrelationship
withthenormalplaneofthepath.
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Solids Modeling Task
ParallelAstheprofileelementisextruded,itremainsaligned
paralleltoitsoriginalposition.
Scale:Whenenabled,andvalueisenteredyouarepromptedtoenterthe
scalepoint,thepointthattheresultisscaledabout.
Spin:Whenon,definestheanglethroughwhichthe2Delementrotates
(counterclockwise)abouttheaxisofprojection(maximum360).
Hint:WhenusingSpinAngleitisbesttoselectthecenteroftheprofileasthe
pivotpoint.
LockProfileRotation:Whenyouneedtokeeptheendprofileinthesame
positionasthestartprofileenabletheLockProfileRotationoption.Here
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Solids Modeling Task
youselectthepath,profileorface,andthenyoumustselectthestartof
thelockdirectionandtheendpointofthelockeddirection.
ProfileonleftcreatedwithLockProfileRotationdisabledandonrightwithLockProfileRotationenabled
ThisdirectionisanupvectorindicatingthepositioninaCartesian
coordinatesystem.
Theupvector,whichdeterminestherotationdirectionstartandendpointforaLockedProfileRotation
Circular:Whenthisoptionisenabledaprofileisnotnecessaryto
completeconstruction.Youmustalsoenteraninsideandoutsideradiusto
completeconstruction.
SolidByExtrusionAlongwithCircularoption.
OnLeftpathandonrightresultswithinsideandoutsidediameters.
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Solids Modeling Task
AllowSelfIntersection:Ifthecurvatureofthepathistoosmallforthe
profiletobesweptthroughthepathduetoaselfintersectionofthe
profilethenyoucanEnableAllowSelfIntersection.
KeepPath:Whenon,theoriginalpathelementiskept.Whenoff,thepath
isdeleted.
KeepProfile:Whenon,theoriginalprofileelementiskept.Whenoff,the
profileisdeleted.
Exercise:SolidByExtrusionAlongwithLockProfileRotation
1 OpenAdvanced_Solids.dgn,inthe01_Extrusionmodel,withtheSolids
ModelingtaskactiveintheTaskNavigationdialog,
2 SelectSolidByExtrusionAlong(R+3)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Alignment:Normal
Enable:LockProfileRotation
Allothersdefault.
3 Selectthehelicalpathatthestartpointandthensnaptothemiddle
bottomoftheprofilewhereitintersectsthehelicalpath,thenacceptthe
profile.
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Solids Modeling Task
4 Placethestartpointofthelockdirectionatthebottomofthepathand
theendpointofthelockeddirection(upvector)inthedirectionoftheaxis
ofthepath.
5 Acceptwithadatapoint.
Exercise:SolidByExtrusionAlongwithSpinAngle
1 ContinueinAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel02_Extrusion.
2 MaketheSolidsModelingtaskactiveintheTaskNavigationdialog.You
willcreateoneofthecuttingbladespicturedintheimagebelow.
3 SelectSolidByExtrusionAlong(R+3)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Alignment:Normal
EnableSpin:Setangleto60degrees.
KeepPath:Enabled
OtherSettings:Disabled
4 Selectthestraightlineforthepathandtheclosedshapefortheprofile
5 Selectpathandprofile.
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Solids Modeling Task
6 Acceptwithadatapoint.
Youwillnowusethistooltocreateapipe.
Exercise:Extrudepipe
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel03_ExtrudePipe.
2 MaketheSolidsModelingtaskactiveintheTaskNavigationdialog.
3 SelectSolidbyExtrusionAlong(R+3)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Circular:Enabled
InsideRadius:Enabledandsetto140
OutsideRadius:Enabledandsetto143
OtherSettings:Disabled
4 IntheIsometricview,identifythedashedpathelementwithadatapoint
anywherealongitslength.
5 Acceptwithadatapointtoviewtheconstruction.
Dependingonsystemspecifications,thismaytakeafewseconds.
Theproposedpipeiscalculatedanddisplayed.
6 Accepttheconstructionwithaseconddatapoint.
Thecircularpipeextrudedalongthepathelement.
Whenusingaprofileasthetemplatefortheextrusion,youcancreatethe
extrusiondirectlyfromthepositionoftheprofileelement,offsetfromthepath
element,orcreatetheextrusionbyattachingtheprofiletothepathelement.
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Solids Modeling Task
Exercise:Createextrusionswithotheroptions
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel04_ExtrudeDuct.
2 SelectSolidbyExtrusionAlong(R+3),withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Alignment:Normal
Allothers:Disabled
3 Identifythelowerdashedpathelementwithadatapoint,anywherealong
itslength.
4 Identifythesquaregreenprofileandacceptwithadatapointtoseethe
construction.
5 Acceptwithadatapoint,toviewtheextrusion.
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Solids Modeling Task
Theproposedextrusioniscalculatedanddisplayed.
6 Identifythemiddledashedpathelementwithadatapoint,anywhere
alongitslength.
7 Identifythearcgreenprofileatoneofitsendpointsandacceptwitha
datapointtoseetheconstruction.
8 Accepttheconstructionwithadatapoint.
9 Selecttheupperdashedpathandthenselecttheellipticalsolid.
10 Selectthebackface(largerellipse)toextrude.
11 Enteradatapointtoacceptconstruction.
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Solids Modeling Task
12 FitViewtoseetheextrusion.
Remember,whererequired,youcanspecifythattheextrusionisattachedtothe
pathelement.Youdothisbymovingthe,atthepointonitthatyouwantattached
tothepathelement.
Exercise:Createanextrusionattachedtothepathelement
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel05_Extrude
Handrails.
2 SelectSolidbyExtrusionAlong(R+3)withthefollowingtoolsetting:
Alignment:Normal
3 Identifythegreenpathelementwithadatapoint,anywherealongits
length.
4 InView2,selecttheleftredprofileelement.
5 Acceptwithadatapoint.
6 Enteradatapointtoviewtheproposedextrusion.
7 Accepttheconstructionwithadatapoint.
8 Repeatthisproceduretoconstructahandrailalongtheyellowpath,using
View3tosnaptotherightredprofile.
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Solids Modeling Task
9 Usetheviewcontrolstools,suchasRotateandZoomIn/Out,toinspect
theconstruction.
Afterextrudingthehandrails
Observingtheotherviews,youcanverifythattheextrusionfollowsthe
alignmentofthepathelementexactly.
ExtraExercise:Extrudingaroadcrosssection
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodelEXTRA_Extrude
Bridge.
2 UsetheBridgeCrosssectionandcenter,cyan,pathelementtocreatethe
bridge.
3 Usethe3GuardRailcrosssectionsandthecyanpathelementstocreate
theguardrails.
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Solids Modeling Task
ShellSolidtool
YoucanusetheShellSolidtooltohollowoutasolid,leavingitwithwallsofa
definedthickness.Wherenecessary,youcanspecifythat1ormorefacesare
removedtocreateanopening.Toolsettingsforthistoolareasfollows.
ShellThickness:Setsthewallthicknessfortheremainingfacesoftheshelled
solid.
ShellOutward:Ifon,materialisaddedtotheoutsideoftheexistingsolid.The
existingsoliddefinestheinsideofthewallsoftheshelledsolid.
Selecting/deselectingfacesforremoval
Afterselectingthesolidforshelling,asyoumovethepointeroverit,theface
nearestthepointerhighlights.Enteringadatapointselectsthedashed
highlightedface,whichthenremainshighlighted.Toselectadditionalfaces,hold
downtheCtrlkeyandmovethepointeroverthesolidtohighlighttheface.You
thencanuseCtrldatapointstoselectadditionalfacesforremoval.
Toselectafacethatisbehindanotherfaceintheview,enteradatapoint,orCtrl
datapoint,ontheface,whichwillhighlightthenearestface.Thenresetuntilthe
requiredfacehighlights.
Resettingalsocanbeusedtodeselectthelastfaceselected.Subsequentresets
deselectfacesinthereverseorder.Thelastfaceselectedisthefirstface
deselected.
Inthefollowingexercises,youwillcreateshelledsolidsbothwithandwithout
openings.
Exercise:Createashelledsolidwithnoopenings
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel06_Shell1.
2 SelectShellSolid(T+5)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
ShellThickness:15
ShellOutward:Disabled
3 Inanyview,identifythegreensolid.
Thesolidhighlights.Asyoumovethepointeroverthesolid,thevarious
faceshighlightinaheavierweightdashedline.
4 Movethepointerawayfromthesolid,sothatnofacesarehighlighted,
andenteradatapoint.
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Solids Modeling Task
5 ClickonViewDisplayModeandselect:
Mode:HiddenLine
Thesolidishollowedout.Astherearenoopenings,renderingtheview
woulddisplayonlytheoutsidesurface.
6 SelectEdit>Undo.
Exercise:Createashelledsolidwiththetopandfrontfaceremoved
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,inthemodel06_Shell1,selectShell
Solid(T+5)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
ShellThickness:15
ShellOutward:Disabled
2 IntheIsometricview,identifythegreensolidwithadatapoint.
3 Movethepointeroverthesoliduntilthetopfacehighlights,andthen
enteradatapoint.
Thetopfacenowishighlightedasaheavierweightsolidline.
4 PressCtrlandselectthefrontface.
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Solids Modeling Task
5 Acceptwithadatapoint.
Thesolidisshelledandthetopfaceremoved.
6 SetView4sViewDisplayModetoSmoothandusetheviewcontrols
tools,suchasRotateandZoomIn/Out,toinspecttheconstruction.
Youcanuseanyviewtohighlightthefaces.Forexample,ifyoumovethepointer
intotheTopview,thetopfaceisnearestthepointerandisselectedimmediately.
Generally,arotatedview,suchastheIsometric,iseasiertousebecauseyoucan
seeexactlywhichsurfaceishighlighted.Additionalsurfacescanbeaddedbyusing
theCtrlkeyandacceptingwithadatapoint.
Ifasolidhasroundingand/oroneormoreholesthroughit,theShellSolidtool
recognizestheseandshellsaroundthemaccordingly.
Warning:Iftheroundingradiusissmallerthantheoffsetradius,itcannotbeoffsetandwill
notshell.
Exercise:Shellasolidcontainingroundingandholes
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel07_Shell2.
2 SelectShellSolid(T+5)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
ShellThickness:5
ShellOutward:Disabled
3 Identifythegreensolidwithadatapoint.
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Solids Modeling Task
4 Movethepointeroverthesoliduntilthetopsurfacehighlights,andthen
enteradatapoint.
Thetopsurfaceofthesolidhighlighted.
5 Acceptwithadatapointtocompletetheshelling.
Thesolidaftershellingandremovingthetopsurface
6 SetView4sViewDisplayModetoSmoothandusetheviewcontrols
tools,suchasRotateandZoomIn/Out,toinspecttheconstruction.
UsingtheShellSolidtoolcansaveyouconsiderablemodelingtime,
particularlywhenthedesignhasuniformthicknesswalls,asinthe
previousexample.
Workingintheoppositedirection,youcancreatesolidsfromsurfaceelements.
Earlier,youusedtheExtrudetooltocreateasolidfromaplanarsurface.Ifthe
existingsurfaceisnotplanar,however,theextrudetoolwillnotwork.Inthese
cases,youcanuseSolidbyThickenSurface.
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Solids Modeling Task
SolidbyThickenSurfacetool
YoucanusetheSolidbyThickenSurfacetooltoaddthicknesstoanexisting
planarornonplanarsurface,thuscreatingasolid.Uponidentifyingthesurface,
anarrowdisplaysshowingthedistanceanddirectionofthethickeningtobe
added.IfAddToBothSidesison,arrowsdisplayinbothdirections.
IfThicknessisnotturnedon,thenthickeningisaddedgraphically,withthe
amountofthickeningdefinedbythecursor.IfAddToBothSidesisoffinthese
casesthenthescreenpointeralsodefinesthedirectionofthethickening.Tool
settingsareasfollows.
AddToBothSides:Ifon,thethicknessvalueisaddedtobothsidesofthesurface.
Thickness:Ifon,thevalueinthefielddeterminestheamountofthickening
added.
FaceOnly:Ifon,letsyouselectanindividualfaceofasolidorsurface.
FullDynamics:Ifon,displaysapreview.Onlargesurfaces,displaymaytakealong
time.Turningthetoggleoffwillreducethegenerationtime.
KeepOriginal:Ifon,theoriginalsurfaceisretained.
Inthefollowingexercise,youwillextrudealinestringandthenthickenitto
createasectionofofficepartitioning.
Warning:Thicknessmaybetoolargetopermitthesolidsurfacetobeoffset,sincethesolid
wouldoverlapitself.Thistooldoesnotallowforselfintersection.
Exercise:Drawashapeandaddthickness
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel08_Office.
Thismodelhas2officecubicles,withalinestringshowingthecenterline
fortheproposedpartitioning.
2 SelectSurfacebyExtrusion(SurfaceModelingTask,T+1),withthe
followingtoolsettings:
Orthogonal:Enabled
Distance:Enabledandsetto1500
OtherSettings:Disabled
3 Inanyview,selecttheredlinestringandacceptwithadatapoint.
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Solids Modeling Task
4 Movethepointerupwardtodirecttheextrusionupward,andacceptwith
adatapoint.
5 SelectThickentoSolid(SolidsModelingTask,R+4)withthefollowing
toolsettings:
AddToBothSides:Enabled
Thickness:Enabledandsetto25
6 Selecttheextrudedlineandacceptwithadatapoint.
Theshapehighlightsandarrowsappear,showingthedirectionandsizeof
thethickening.Becauseyouareaddingthicknesstobothsidesofthe
surface,youdonthavetoworryaboutthedirectionofthethickening.
ReplaceFace
TheReplaceFacetoolletsyoureplaceafaceofasolidwithaselectedsurface.
Theresultisasolidthathastheselectedsurfaceasoneofitsfaces.
HowtouseReplaceFace:
1.SelecttheReplaceFacetool.
2.Identifythesolid.
3.Selectthefacetobereplaced.
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Boolean tools
4.Identifythesurfaceandthefaceofthesurfacetobeusedasareplacement
face,ifnecessary,andaccept.
YoucanexperimentwiththemodelEXTRA_ReplaceFace.
Booleantools
Threetoolsinthe3DModifytoolboxletyouunite,intersect,orsubtractsolids.
Theyletyoucreateacomplexsolidfromtwoormoreexistingsolids.
UniteSolidstool
WiththeUniteSolidstool,youcanunite,intoasinglesolid,twoormore
overlappingsolidsorsolidsthathavecoincidentfaces.Thisisveryusefulfor
groupingseveralseparatesolidsintoasolid,fromwhichthefinishedmodelcan
beproduced.
Inthetoolsettings,KeepOriginalsletsyouchoosetoretaininthemodeltheFirst,
Last,All,orNone.
All:Alloftheoriginalsolidsareretained.
First:Thefirstsolididentifiedisretained.
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Boolean tools
Last:Thelastsolididentifiedisretained.
None:Noneoftheoriginalsolidsareretained.
Whenconstructingaunionofsolids,youcanusetheElementSelectiontoolto
selectthesolidsfirst,orselectthetoolfirst,thenthesolids.
Whenyouusethefirstmethod,thecoloroftheresultingsolidisthatofthe
(selected)solidthatwasplacedinthefilefirst.Whenyouusethesecondmethod,
thecoloroftheresultingsolidisthatofthefirstsolidselected.
Aswiththeotherexercises,youwillworkintheIsometricviewwhichdisplays
twocopiesofasimplewindowframe,eachcreatedfromeightslabs.
Exercise:ConstructtheunionofsolidsusingElementSelection
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel09_UniteSolid.
2 MaketheSolidsModelingtaskactiveintheTaskNavigationdialog.
Youwillconsolidatetheseindividualsolidsintoasingleentity.First,you
willselectthesolidsusingElementSelection.
3 SelecttheElementSelectiontool(1)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Method:Block
Mode:New
4 IntheIsometric,Top,orFrontview,placetheblockaroundallelements
thatmakeupthewindowontheleft.
Theselectedsolidshighlight.
5 SelectUniteSolid(T+7)withKeepOriginalssettoNone.
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Boolean tools
6 Enteradatapointtoaccepttheunion.
Theseparatesolidsareunitedintoasinglesolid.Theresultingsolid(left)is
redbecauseoneoftheredslabswasplacedinthemodelbeforetheother
slabs.
Whenyouselectthesolidsindividually,thecolorofthefirstsolidselectedisthe
colorthatisusedforthecombinedsolid.
Exercise:Constructtheunionofsolids,selectingeachsolidseparately
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,inthemodel09_UniteSolid,withthe
UniteSolidtool(T+7)stillactive,identifyoneofthegreenframe
membersinthewindowontherightwithadatapoint.
Theslabhighlights.
2 Identifytheremainingslabsthatmakeupthewindowwithdatapointsso
thatallarehighlighted.
3 Enteradatapointtoaccepttheconstruction.
Thesolidsareunitedintoasinglegreensolid.
Ifyouhappentomissoneormoreofthesolids,youcanrepeattheprocess,
addingthesolidsthatwereleftout,rememberingthatthefirstsolidchosen
definesthecoloroftheunitedsolid.
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Boolean tools
IntersectSolidstool
UsingtheIntersectSolidstool,youcancreateasolidofacommonvolumeoftwo
ormoreoverlappingsolids.
Inthetoolsettings,theKeepOriginalssettingletsyouchoosetoretaininthe
modeltheFirst,Last,All,orNoneoftheoriginalsolids.
Whenconstructinganintersectionofsolids,youcanselectthesolidsfirst,
followedbythetool,oryoucanselectthetoolfirst,thenthesolids.
Whenyouusethefirstmethod,thecoloroftheresultingsolidisthatofthe
(selected)solidthatwasplacedinthemodelfirst.Whenyouusethesecond
method,thecoloroftheresultingsolidisthatofthefirstsolidselected.
Whereyouhave2Delevationsofadesign,oftenyouwillbeabletousethemto
createextrusionsofeachelevation.FromthereyoucanusetheIntersectSolids
tooltocreatethefinishedsolid.
Inthefollowingexercise,youwillconstructa3Dchairfromtheintersectionof
extrusionscreatedfromitsfrontandsideviews.
Exercise:Createasolidfromtheintersectionof2existingsolids
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel10_Intersection.
Yousee2sectionalviewsofthechair.First,youwillextrudethese
sections.
2 SelectSolidbyExtrusion(R+1)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Orthogonal:Enabled
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Boolean tools
Distance:Enabledandsetto600
Allothersettings:Disabled
3 IntheTopview,identifythegreenshapeandextrudeittotheright.
4 Repeatthepreviousstepforthevioletshape,extrudingitupward.
5 SelectIntersectSolids(T+8)withKeepOriginalssettoNone.
6 Identifythegreenandvioletsolidswithdatapoints,inanyview.
7 Enteradatapointtocompletetheconstruction.
Theresultingsolidisgreenbecausethegreensolidwasthefirstchosen.
Smoothshadedviewofthecompletedchair.
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Boolean tools
SubtractSolidstool
WiththeSubtractSolidstool,youcansubtractfromasolidthevolumeofoneor
moreoverlappingsolids.Additionally,youcansubtractapartofasolidbacktoan
intersectingsurface.
Aswiththeotherbooleantools,thetoolsettingKeepOriginalsletsyouchooseto
retaininthemodeltheFirst,Last,All,orNoneoftheoriginalsolids.
Exercise:Constructthedifferencebetweensolids
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel11_Difference1.
Agreenconewithabluecylinderoverlappingitisdisplayed.
2 SelectSubtractSolids(T+9)withKeepOriginalssettoNone.
3 Withadatapoint,identifythegreensolid.
4 Withadatapoint,identifythebluecylinder.
Thebluecylinderhighlights.
5 Enteradatapointtocompletetheconstruction.
Before(left)andafter(right)subtractingthebluecylinderfromthegreensolid.
Ifyouwanttosubtractseveralsolids,youcanselectthemallpriorto
acceptingoruseCtrl+Datatoselecttheminthecommand.
6 TurnonthelevelTapCutoutsintheIsometricview.
Additionalredcylindersnowdisplay.
7 SelectSubtractSolids(T+9)withKeepOriginalssettoNone.
8 Identifythegreensolidwithadatapoint.
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Boolean tools
9 IdentifyoneoftheredcylindersandtherestwithCtrl+data,sothatthey
areallhighlighted.
10 Enteradatapointtocompletethesubtraction.
Ifmultiplesolidsaretobesubtracted,itisoftenquickertousetheElement
SelectiontooltoselectthemallpriortoselectingtheSubtractSolidstool.
Youcanusethesametooltosubtractpartofasolidbacktowhereasurface
intersectsit.Thiscanbeusefulforcreatingsolidgroundsurfaces.
Inthefollowingexercise,youwillsubtractpartofaslabbacktoaBsplinesurface
representingtheexistinggroundforaconstructionproject.Forthiskindof
construction,thepartofthesolidthatisretainedisdefinedbythesurface
normalsofthesurfaceelement.
Youcancheckthedirectionofthesurfacenormalsand,ifnecessary,reversethem
withtheChangeNormalDirectiontool.
Exercise:Subtractasolidbacktoasurface
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel12_Difference2.
ThemodelcontainsaslabandaBsplinesurface.
2 SelectChangeNormalDirection(SurfaceTask,S+6).
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Boolean tools
3 IdentifytheorangeBsplinesurface.Enteradatapointonthebiggreen
arrowtochangethenormaldirection.
SurfaceNormalspointingup
4 IntheSolidsTask,selectSubtractSolid(T+9),withKeepOriginalssetto
None.
5 Identifythegreenslab.
6 IdentifytheorangeBsplinesurface.
7 Accepttocompletetheoperation.
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Cut Solids by Curves tool
Thepartofthesolidthatisretainedisbelowthesurface,inthedirection
thatthesurfacenormalswerepointing.
Usingthe3Dprimitivesolids,extrusionsandthethreebooleantools,youcan
createthebasicsforquitecomplexmodels.Othertoolsinthe3DModifytasklet
youaddcuts,filletsandchamfers.
CutSolidsbyCurvestool
WiththeCutSolidtool,youcanplaceacutinasolidusingatemplateorcutting
profile.Cuttingprofilesmaybeopenorclosedelements,butopenelementsmust
extendtotheedgeofthesolid.Whenyouuseanopenelementasacutting
profile,theidentificationpointforthesoliddeterminestheportionofthesolid
thatisretained.IfSplitSolidisenabled,however,nomaterialisremoved.Inthese
cases,thesolidismerelysplitatthecuttingprofile.Toolsettingsareasfollows.
CutDirectionsetsthedirectionofthecut,relativetothecuttingprofiles
SurfaceNormal.
Both:Cutsbothdirectionsfromtheprofilesplane
Forward:Cutsforwardfromtheprofilesplane(inthedirectionoftheSurface
Normals).
Back:Cutsbackfromtheprofilesplane(inthereversedirectionofthe
SurfaceNormals
CutModesetsthelimitsofthecut.
Through:Cutsthroughallfacesofthesolid.
DefineDepth:Cutsintothesolidadefineddistance.
CutDepth(CutModesettoDefineDepthonly)Setsthedepthofthecut.
SplitSolid:Ifon,nomaterialisremovedfromthesolid;itissplitinto2or
moresegments.
KeepProfile:Ifenabled,theoriginalcuttingprofileremainsinthemodel
Inthefollowingexercise,youwilluseatemplateoftheearthworkscrosssection
toplaceacutintheexistinggroundsectionthatyoucreatedpreviously.Youwill
seethatyoucanchangethesettingsforthecutpriortoaccepting.
Exercise:Placeacutusingacrosssectiontemplate
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Cut Solids by Curves tool
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel13_CutSolid1.
2 SelectCutSolidbyCurves(T+Q),withthefollowingtoolsettings:
CutDirection:Forward
CutMode:Through
SplitSolidandKeepProfile:Disabled
3 Inanyview,identifythegreensolid.
4 Identifytheredcuttingprofile.
Thedirectionarrowforthecutispointingawayfromthesolid.Thisis
clearlyvisibleintheTop,Front,andIsometricviews.
5 Changethefollowingtoolsetting:
CutDirection:Back
Notethatthedirectionarrownowpointstowardthesolid.
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Cut Solids by Curves tool
6 Accepttomakethecut.
IfyouhadenabledSplitSolid,thenthecutwouldhavesplitthesolid,butnot
removedthecutsection.Youcouldusethisprocedurewhenyouwanttomeasure
thevolumeofthematerialbeingremoved,usingtheMeasureVolumetool.The
cutvolumescouldbestoredonaseparatelevelforfuturechecking.
Whenyouhavemultiplecutstoapplytoasolid,youcanperformtheoperationin
1stepbyselectingallthecutprofilespriortoselectingthetool.Forexample,you
couldcreateashellofabuildingandthendrawblocksforthewindowsand
doorways.Thesecouldbecutinasingleoperation.Thedirectionofthecutis
controlledbythesurfacenormalofthecuttingprofileandtheCutDirection
settingoftheCutSolidtool.Inthefollowingexample,thecuttingprofilesallhave
theirsurfacenormalspointingawayfromthecenterofthebuilding.
Exercise:Placemultiplecutsinasolid
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel14_CutSolid2.
2 SelectElementSelection(1)anduseittoselectalloftheredcutting
profiles.
Hint:UseelementattributesandElementSelectiontoselectmorequickly.
3 SelectCutSolidbyCurves(T+Q),withthefollowingtoolsettings:
CutDirection:Forward
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Cut Solids by Curves tool
CutMode:Through
SplitSolidandKeepProfile:Disabled
4 Identifythegreenbuildingshellwithadatapoint.
5 Acceptwithadatapointtocompletethecuts.
6 Theopeningsforthedoorwaysandwindowsarecutthroughthesolid.
Before(left)andafter(right)cuttingthewindowanddoorwayopenings.
Ifyouwanttoplacecutsonlypartwaythroughasolid,youcansetCutModeto
DefineDepthandspecifytheCutDepth.Inthefollowingexercise,forexample,
youwillcutslotsintoatimberstairwaystringertoaccommodatethesteps.The
profilesforthestepshavebeenlocatedonthefaceofthestringer.
Exercise:Placeapartialcutinasolid
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel15_CutSolid3.
2 SelectElementSelection(1)andselectalltheredrectangularprofile
elements.
Allthecuttingprofilesarehighlighted.
3 SelectCutSolidbyCurves(T+Q),withthefollowingtoolsettings:
CutDirection:Back
CutMode:DefineDepth
CutDepth:25
SplitSolid:andKeepProfile:Disabled
Whileyouonlyrequirethecuttobein1direction,youcanuseBothinthis
situationbecausetheprofilesareonthesurfaceofthesolid.Thissaves
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Fillets and Chamfers
youtimecheckingthedirectionoftheprofilessurfacenormalsinorderto
selectthecorrectcutdirection.
4 Identifythegreensolid.
5 Accepttocompletetheconstruction.
Hiddenlineviewofthecompletedstringer
FilletsandChamfers
YoucanusetheFilletEdgesandChamferEdgestoolstoapplyroundingor
chamfersto1ormoreedgesofasolid,extrudedsurface,orsurfaceofrevolution.
Fromabasicsolid,youcanaddfilletsand/orchamferstoproducethefinished
design.
FilletEdgestool
Toolsettingsforthistoolletyoudefinetheradiusofthefilletandwhetherto
selecttangentialedges.
Radiusdefinestheradiusofthefillet.
SelectTangentEdges:Ifon,edgesthataretangentiallycontinuousare
selectedandfilletedin1operation.
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Fillets and Chamfers
ChamferEdgestool
Toolsettingsforthistoolletyoudefinethetrimdistancesforthechamfer,
whethertoselecttangentialedges,andtheoptiontoreversethetrimdistances
forthechamferwheretheydiffer.
Distance1andDistance2:Setsthedistancestotrimbackthefaces.
LockControl:IfenabledDistance1andDistance2areconstrainedtothesame
value.IfdisabledDistance1andDistance2maybedifferentvalues
SelectTangentEdges:Ifon,edgesthataretangentiallycontinuousare
selectedandchamferedin1operation.
FlipDirection:WhenDistance1andDistance2aredifferent,reversesthe
directionofthechamferandthevaluesthatthefacesaretrimmed.
Selectingedgesforfilletingorchamfering
Afteridentifyingthesolid,asyoumovethescreenpointeroverit,theedge
nearestthepointerhighlights.Enteringadatapointselectsthehighlightededge,
whichthenremainshighlighted.Toselectadditionaledges,simplyholddownthe
Ctrlkeyandmovethepointeroverthesolid.YouthencanuseCtrldatapointsto
selectanyadditionaledgesforchamferingorfilleting.
Deselectingedgesforfilleting/chamfering
Whereyouselectanincorrectedge,aResetdeselectstheedge.Ifyouhave
selectedanumberofedges,consecutiveresetswilldeselecttheedgesinthe
reverseorder.Thelastedgeselectedisthefirstedgedeselected.
Howtofillet/chamfer1ormoreedgesofasolid,extrudedsurface,or
surfaceofrevolution:
SelecttheFilletEdgesorChamferEdgestool.
Identifyanedgetofillet/chamferwithadatapoint.Thesolidhighlightswith
theselectededgehighlightedinaheavierweightline.
Enteradatapointawayfromanyoftheedgestoaccepttheconstruction.
or
UsingCtrldatapoints,identifyadditionaledgestobefilleted/chamfered.
Enteradatapointawayfromanyoftheedgestoaccepttheconstructionof
fillets/chamfersatalltheselectededges.
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Fillets and Chamfers
Correctinganincorrectlyconstructedchamfer
WhenyouconstructachamferwithdifferentvaluesforDistance1andDistance2,
itmaybeinthewrongdirection.Distance1andDistance2areappliedtothe
wrongfaces.
Howtocorrectachamferthatisconstructedinthewrongdirection:
1Undothechamfer(s).
2EnableFlipDirection.
3Reconstructthechamfer(s).
Letsseehowthefilletandchamfertoolswork.Inthenextexercise,youwillfinish
aglasstoppedtable,addingroundingandchamferstoitsbasicform.
Exercise:Filletanedgeofasolid
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel16_Fillet.
2 SelectFilletEdges(T+W)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Radius:20
SelectTangentEdges:Disabled
3 Identifytheinsideedgeofthetablesframeatlocation1withadatapoint.
Thesolidhighlightswiththeselectededgeadditionallyhighlighted.
4 Movethepointerawayfromanyedgesandacceptwithadatapoint.
Thefilletisconstructedfortheselectededge.
Left:theselectededgehighlighted.Right:thecompletedfillet.
Multipleedgescanbefilleted(withthesameradius)inthe1operation.
Exercise:Fillettheremainingedgesoftheframe
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Fillets and Chamfers
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,inthemodel16_Fillet,withFillet
Edgesstillactive,identifytheinsideedgeoftheframeatlocation2.
Theedgehighlights.
2 WhileholdingtheCtrlkey,movethepointeroverthesolidandnotethat
theedgeshighlightasthepointerpassesoverthem.
3 EnteraCtrldatapointatlocations3,and4.
Theseedgesnowhighlightalongwiththefirstedgeselected.
4 ReleasingtheCtrlkey,movethepointerawayfromanyedgesandentera
datapointtocompletetheconstruction.
All3edgesarefilleted.
5 Changethefollowingtoolsetting:
Radius:45
6 UseCtrldatapointstoselecttheouteredgesoftheframenearlocations1
through4.
7 Movethepointerawayfromanyedgesandenteradatapointtocomplete
theconstruction.
Whenapplyingfilletstoasolid,youshouldconsidertheorderinwhichthefillets
areapplied.Becauseyoufilletedthecornersofthetableframefirst,youwillnow
beabletofillettheedgesoftheframein1step,usingtheSelectTangentEdges
setting.
Exercise:Fillettheverticaledgesofthetableframe
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Fillets and Chamfers
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,inthemodel16_Fillet,selectFillet
Edges(T+W)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Radius:7.5
SelectTangentEdges:Disabled
2 Identifytheverticaledgeofthetableframeatlocation5.
Notethatonlythestraightsectionoftheedgehighlights.
3 Reset.
4 Changethefollowingtoolsetting:
SelectTangentEdges:Enabled
5 Identifytheedgeatlocation5.
Notethattheentireedgehighlightsthistime.
6 Accept,awayfromthesolid,tocompletetheconstruction.
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Fillets and Chamfers
7 Completethetableframebyfilletingtheremaining7verticaledges,along
withtheirtangentedges.
Whenyouselectanedgeforafilletorchamferandthewrongedgehighlights,
youcanresetuntilthecorrectedgehighlights.Ifyouareselectingmultipleedges
usingCtrldatapoints,youcanstillreset,withouttheCtrlkey,tohighlightthe
correctedgebeforeproceeding.Youmayneedtomakeuseofthismethodduring
roundingofthecornersofthetabletop.
Exercise:Roundthecornersofthetabletop
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,inthemodel16_Fillet,selectFillet
Edges(T+W)withthefollowingtoolsetting:
Radius:40
2 Enteradatapointonthelowerleftverticaledgeofthebluetabletop.If
theincorrectedgehighlights,enterresetsuntiltheshortverticaledgeis
highlighted.
3 UseaCtrldatapointtoselectanotheroftheverticaledgesofthetable
top.
Iftheincorrectedgehighlights,releasetheCtrlkeyandresetuntilthe
correctedgehighlights.
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Fillets and Chamfers
4 Repeattheprevioussteptoselecttheremainingcornersofthetable.
5 Whenall4cornersareselected,acceptwithadatapointenteredaway
fromthesolid.
Chamfersareappliedthesamewayasfillets.Inthisexercise,youwilladd
chamferstotheupperandloweredgesoftheglasstabletop.
Exercise:Chamfertheupperandloweredgesofthetabletop
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,inthemodel16_Fillet,selectChamfer
Edges(T+E)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Distance1andDistance2:lockedandsetto5
SelectTangentEdges:Enabled
2 Identifythetopedgeofthebluetabletop.
Theentireedgehighlights.
3 UseaCtrldatapointtoidentifytheloweredgeofthebluetabletop.
Bothedgesnowarehighlighted.
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Fillets and Chamfers
4 Movethepointerawayfromthehighlightededgesandacceptwithadata
point.
Detailshowingcorneroftabletopbefore(left)andafter(right)chamferingtheedges.
TaperSolidtool
TheTaperSolidtoolisusedtonarroworwidenoneormorefacesonasolid.The
amountoftaperappliediscontrolledbytheDraftAnglesetting.
DraftAngle:Setstheangletobeappliedtothetaper.Thedraftplaneisparallelto
thefacethatistobetapered.
AddSmoothFaces:Ifon,anytangentiallycontinuousfacesareincludedwiththe
selectedface.Ifoff,onlytheselectedportionofthetangentiallycontinuousface
istapered.
Selectingtheface(s)totaper
Afteridentifyingthesolid,asyoumovethescreenpointeroverit,theface
nearestthepointerhighlights.Enteringadatapointselectsthehighlightedface,
whichthenremainshighlighted.Toselectadditionalfaces,simplyholddownthe
Ctrlkeyandmovethepointeroverthesolid.YouthencanuseCtrldatapointsto
selectanyadditionalfacesfortapering.
Toselectafacethatisbehindanotherfaceintheview,enteradatapoint,orCtrl
datapoint,ontheface,whichwillhighlightthenearestface.Thenresetuntilthe
requiredfacehighlights.
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Fillets and Chamfers
Deselectingfacestotaper
Ifyouselectanincorrectface,aresetdeselectstheface.Ifyouhaveselecteda
numberoffaces,consecutiveresetswilldeselectthefacesinthereverseorder.
Thelastfaceselectedisthefirstfacedeselected.
Definingthetaperorigin
Afterselectingtheface(s)tobetapered,thenextdatapointdefinesthestart
pointforthetaper.Thiscanbeapointaboveorbelowtheselectedface.
Exercise:Taperasingleface
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel17_Taper1.
2 SelectTaperSolid(T+4),withthefollowingtoolsettings:
DraftAngle:5
AddSmoothFaces:Disabled
3 Identifythesolidsothatithighlights.
4 Movethepointertolocation1andenteradatapointtohighlighttheface.
Onlytheselectedfacehighlightsinadifferentcolor.
5 Acceptthefacewithadatapoint.
6 Snaptothevertexatlocation2,andenteradatapointtosetthestarting
pointofthetaper.ChooseFront,<F>orSide,<S>rotation.
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Fillets and Chamfers
7 Snaptothevertexatlocation3todefinethedraftplanenormalvectorfor
thetaper.
8 Accepttotapertheselectedface.
Aftertaperingtheface.
Inthepreviousexercise,youtaperedjusttheselectedsectionofafacethatis
tangentiallycontinuousaround3sidesofthesolid.Ifrequired,youcantaperall
sectionsofsuchafacein1step.
Exercise:Tapermultiple(tangentiallycontinuous)faces
1 ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel18_Taper2.
2 SelectTaperSolid(T+4),withthefollowingtoolsettings:
DraftAngle:5
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Fillets and Chamfers
AddSmoothFaces:Enabled
3 Identifythesolidsothatitishighlighted.
4 Movethepointertolocation1andenteradatapointtofurtherhighlight
theface.
5 Theselectedfacehighlights,alongwithalltangentiallycontinuousfaces.
6 Readingyourprompt,acceptwithadatapoint.
7 Snaptothevertexatlocation2,andenteradatapointtosetthestarting
pointofthetaper.
8 Snaptothevertexatlocation3,todefinethedraftplanenormalvector
forthetaper.
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Fillets and Chamfers
9 Accepttotapertheselectedfaces.
10 SelectFile>Close.
Edit3DPrimitivetool
Attimes,youmayplaceanumberof3Dprimitives,extrusionsorrevolutionsasa
startingpointincreatingamorecomplexsolid.Afteryouhaveplacedanyofthese
elementsinamodel,youcanusetheEdit3DPrimitivetooltomodifythemby
editingtheirparameters.Dimensionsavailableforeditingdependonthe3D
primitiveelementselected.
Note:Ifyourequiregreaterflexibilitywithparametriceditingofsolids,youshould
workwithfeaturesolids.
3DPrimitive Editableparameters
Slab Length,Width,andHeight
Sphere Radius
Cylinder/Cone TopRadius,BaseRadius,andHeight
Torus PrimaryRadius,SecondaryRadius,andAngle
Wedge Radius,Angle,andHeight
Extrusion Distance
Revolution Angleofrevolution
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Fillets and Chamfers
Howtoedita3Dprimitive:
1SelecttheEdit3DPrimitivetool(T+R).
2Identifytheprimitive.
3AccepttoopentheEditdialog.
4Makechangestotheparametersinthedialogasrequired.
5ClickOKtomakechanges.
Youcanseehowthistoolworksforyourself.Anumberofexamplesolidsare
presentinmodelEXTRA_EditPrimitives,inAdvanced_Solids.dgn.
ChallengeExercise:Drawasolid
1 Drawthefollowingsolid(alldimensionsareshowninmm).
Startwitha40x40x10slab.
Drawablockandcreatethe12x6(through)cutoutattherearofthe
object.
Draw219x18blocksandcreatethe6deepcutoutsinthetopface.
Addthe6x6chamferandthe6radiusfillet.
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Fillets and Chamfers
ChallengeExercise:DrawanImpeller
1 Drawthefollowingsolid(alldimensionsareshowninmm).
Therearemanyapproachestocreatinga3Dsolidmodel.Thefollowing
aresuggestedtechniquesforcreatingtheimpeller:
SolidbyExtrusionorcylindersolid
SolidbyExtrusionAlong
CopybyPolarArray
ModifySolidEntity
Sep-09 193 Advanced Solid Modeling
Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Module Review
ModuleReview
Nowthatyouhavecompletedthismodule,letsmeasurewhatyouhavelearned.
Questions
1 WhatdoestheSolidssettingintheWorkingAreassectionoftheDGNFile
SettingsdialogsAdvancedUnitSettingsdialogdo?
2 Whathappensifyouincreasethesizeofthesolidsmodelingarea?
3 WhenusingExtrudeAlongPath,howcanyouspecifythattheextrusionis
attachedtothepathelement?
4 WhatdotheBooleantoolsdo?
Answers
1 Itletsyousetaworkingareathatdeterminesthedegreeofaccuracyfor
solidscalculations.
2 Itwillreducetheavailableprecision.
3 Bysnappingtotheprofile,atthepointonitthatyouwantattachedtothe
pathelement.
4 Theyletyouunite,intersect,orsubtractsolids.Theyletyoucreatea
complexsolidfrom2ormoreexistingsolids.
Sep-09 45 3D View Control
Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Module Review
ModuleReview
Nowthatyouhavecompletedthismodule,letsmeasurewhatyouhavelearned.
Questions
1 Whenrotatingaviewusingcuberotation,whatdoesthePreserveWorld
Upoptiondo?
2 TrueorFalse:Whenyouusekeyins,orusetheviewrotationtoolsfrom
thetoolbox,thetoolappliestotheactiveview.
3 WhatistheActiveDepth?
4 Whatisthedifferencebetweenusinga2Dasopposedtoa3Delementto
defineaclipvolume?
5 Howdoyoumodifyaclipvolume?
6 Howdoyousaveaclipvolume?
7 Whatisthedifferencebetweenaclipmaskandaclipvolume?
8 WheredoyoumodifythedisplayoftheFrontandBackportionofaClip
Volume?
Answers
1 Whenyouaremovingthepointerleftorright,ifPreserveWorldUpis
enableditrotatestheviewaboutthemodelszaxis.Ifitisdisabledit
rotatestheviewaboutitsyaxis.
2 True.
3 TheActiveDepthisaplane,paralleltothevieworscreen,whichisalways
locatedwithintheDisplayDepthofaview.TheActiveDepthofaview
determineswheredatapointsfallbydefault.Ifyouenteradatapointina
3Dview,withoutsnappingtoanexistingelement,itfallsontheActive
Depthplane.
4 Whenyouusea2Dshape,theclippingvolumeiscreatedbysweepingthe
2Dshapethroughtheentiremodel.Whena3Delementisused,itdefines
theentireclipvolume.
5 Clippingelementscanbemanipulatedormodifiedwiththestandard
MicroStationtools.
Sep-09 217 Conceptual Modeling
Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
ConceptualModeling
ModuleOverview
PushPullModelingorConceptualModelingtechnologyletsyouquicklycreate
andmodifysolidsinteractively,byaddingorremovingfaces,edgesandvertices
andpushingandpullingfaces,edgesandvertices.
ModulePrerequisites
KnowledgeofAccuDrawin3D
KnowledgeofBasicSolidModeling
ModuleObjectives
Aftercompletingthismodule,youwillbeableto:
UsetheDrawonSolidtool
UsetheModifySolidEntitytool
UsetheDeleteSolidEntitytool
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Introductory Knowledge
IntroductoryKnowledge
Beforeyoubeginthismodule,let'sdefinewhatyoualreadyknow.
Questions
1 HowcanyoutomovefocustotheAccuDrawwindow?
2 Whatistheminimumrequirementtodescribeaplanarsurface?
Answers
1 PressF11,orpressEscandthenthespacebar.
2 For3Dmodels,the3previousdatapointsareconsidered,asthisisthe
minimumrequirementtodescribeaplanarsurface.
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Conceptual Modeling Tools
ConceptualModelingTools
DrawonSolid
TheDrawonSolidtoolisinthe3DModifytoolbox.Itletsyoudrawlines,shapes,
andcircles,directlyontothefaceofanexistingsolid,oryoucanimprintacurve
ontotheface.Theseadditionsbecomefacesthatcanbemodifiedwiththe
ModifySolidEntitytool,whichletsyoupushandpullonfacesandvertices.
ThetoolrecognizesthenearestfaceunderthepointerandmatchestheAccuDraw
drawingplanetotheselectedface.
Note:Ifadrawnlinedoesnotintersectwithanexistingedge,itisextendedor
trimmedbacktotheedge.
DrawonSolidisusedtocreateanedgeonasolidbydrawingthefollowingonto
thefaceofasolid:
Line
Linestring
Block
Circle
Shape
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Conceptual Modeling Tools
orimprintingaCurve
UsingDrawonSolidonafaceofaslab
Thesolid,includingthenewlycreatededges,verticesandfacescanbemodified
withtheModifySolidEntitytool,ordeletedwiththeDeleteEntitytool.
Modifyingthenewlycreatededge
FortheImprintCurvesoption,youcanselectafacelocatedbehindanotherby
entering1ormoreresets,orusingadifferentview.
Imprintingacurveontoafaceofasolid.
TheOffsetoptionletsyoudrawlinesoffsetfromedgesofthefaceofasolid.
Theseedgescanincludeedgespreviouslydrawnonthefaceofthesolid.
LoopSelectsalledgessurroundingtheidentificationpointonthe
faceofthesolid.
EdgesLetsyouselectoneormoreedgesonafaceofasolid.Use
<Ctrl>+Datapointstoselectadditionaledges.
Exercise:QuickTestofDrawOnandModifySolid
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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Conceptual Modeling Tools
1 Inanewfile,tryrecreatingtheabovesolids.
2 UsePlaceSlab,thenDrawOnSolid.
3 ThenuseModifySolidtoadjustthesolid.
ModifySolidEntity
TheModifySolidEntitytoolisintheSolidsModelingtask.Itisusedtomanipulate
aface,edge,oravertex,ofasolidbypushingorpullingitinteractively.
IconsinthetoolsettingsletyouselectAll,aFace,anEdge,oraVertexwhenyou
areselectingtheitemtomodify.Theseoptionsdeterminewhatyoumodify,and
howtheentityisselected.
ToolSettingsareasfollows.
All:Letsyouselectavisibleface,oranyedgeorvertexonasolidintheview.
Face:Letsyouselectafaceonanyidentifiedsolidintheview.Bydefaultthe
nearestfaceisselected,withresetslettingyouselecthiddenfacesonthe
samesolid.
Edge:Letsyouselectanyedgeonanysolidintheview.
Vertex:Letsyouselectanyvertexonanysolidintheview.
Distance:Ifon,setsthedistancethattheface,edge,orvertex,istobe
modified.
ExtrudeFaces:Ifon,theselectedfaceisextruded.Ifoff,theselectedfaceis
movedandadjustedalongwiththeadjacentsides.
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Conceptual Modeling Basics
FullDynamics:Ifon,dynamicdisplayshowsthemodifiedelementasyou
movethepointer.Ifoff,anarrowgraphicindicatesthedirectionandextentof
themodification.
DeleteSolidEntity
Thistoolisinthe3DModifytoolbox.Itisusedtodeleteasolidentityfromasolid
otherthanafeaturesolid.
Whenselectingfaces,thenearestfacealwaysisselected.Youcanrotatetheview,
oruseanotherone,toselectahiddenface.Ifneedtodeletemultiplefaces,you
canselecttheadditionalfaceswithaCtrldatapoint.
ConceptualModelingBasics
Conceptualmodelingtoolsletyouinteractivelypushpullsolidstomodifytheir
faces,edges,orvertices.Thisletsyouquicklycreateandmodifysolids
interactively.
DrawinglinesonaSolidface
Figure1.linedrawnonface
InFigure1,alinewasdrawnfromthemidpointoftheleftedgeoftheSolid,tothe
midpointoftherightedge,usingtheDrawonSolidtoolwiththeDrawLineoption
enabled.
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Conceptual Modeling Basics
InFigure2.theline,whichisnowanedge,hasbeenpulledintheZaxisusingthe
ModifySolidEntitytool.
Figure2.EdgepulledinZaxis.
Thefollowingimagesshowtheprocessofcreatingthefinaldesignconceptusing
theprevioustools.
Figure3.DrawonSolid Figure4.ModifyEntityExtrudeFace
Figure5.DrawonSolid Figure6.ModifyEntityotherside
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Updates to Conceptual Modeling in MicroStation V8i SELECTseries 1
ProjectinglinesonaSolidface
BasicMicroStationelementssuchaslines,shapesandBsplinecurvescanbe
projectedontoSolidfaces.Theseelementsbecomeedgesafterprojection.These
edgescanbemodifiedbyextrudingafaceandmovinganedgeorvertex.
Figures7,8and9.CurvesprojectedontoSoldfacethenmodifiedintoconceptualdesign
UpdatestoConceptualModelinginMicroStationV8i
SELECTseries1
SeveralnewfeatureshavebeenaddedtoDrawonSolidandModifySolidEntity
inMicroStationV8iSELECTseries1.
DrawonSolid
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Updates to Conceptual Modeling in MicroStation V8i SELECTseries 1
TheDrawonSolidtoolischangedtoimproveAccuDrawdynamicsfortheDraw
Line,DrawBlock,andDrawCirclemodes.Iteliminatestheneedforpreliminary
AccuDraworientationspriortoactivatingthetool.
InadditiontotheimprovedAccuDrawfunctionality,severaltoolsettingshave
beenadded.
KeepOriginalOptionforImprintedCurve
TheImprintCurvesmodenowletsyouretaintheoriginalimprintcurveby
activatingaKeepOriginaloption.
OffsetEdgeBeyondFace
TheOffsetEdgesmodenowletsyoudrawoffthesolid.Locateedgesinward
(towardsthesolid)oroutward(awayfromsolid)bymovingtheAccuDraw
Compassinoneofthosedirections.
Left:EdgesareoffsetinwardwhenAccuDrawpointstowardstheinsidetheselectededge.
Right:EdgesareoffsetoutwardwhenAccuDrawpointstowardstheoutsidetheselectededge.
Linesoffsetawayfromthesolidmaybeusedforextrudingadditionalsolids.Any
extrusionmadefromtheseoffsetsisnotpartoftheoriginalsolid,butmaybe
usedinaBooleanoperationtounitethetwosolids.
MultiselectImprovementsforModifySolidEntityTools
TheModifySolidEntitytoolletsyouselectmultiplefaces,edges,orverticesona
singlesolidbyusingtheFace,Edge,andVertexicons.
Pressingandholdingthe<Ctrl>keyletsyouselectanddeselectmultipleentities.
ClickingResetchangestheselectionsbyreplacingentitieswithadjacentones.
AccuDrawreorientsintuitivelyasentitiesareselected.TheFace,Edge,and
Vertexiconsrespondasfollows:
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Updates to Conceptual Modeling in MicroStation V8i SELECTseries 1
Face
AccuDraworientsthedrawingplaneperpendiculartothelastselectedfaceso
theYandZaxesarecoplanar(totheface),andthepushpullisalongtheXaxis.
Edge
AccuDraworientsthedrawingplaneperpendiculartothelastedgeselected.
Vertex
Becauseavertexisapoint,AccuDrawhasnoreferenceplanetoreorientitselfto.
Instead,AccuDraworientsthedrawingplanetothelastusedorientation.
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Create a Conceptual Design
TheVertexicondiffersfromothermultipleselectionsinhowverticesare
detected.Forinstance,ifanedgeisselectednearitsmidpoint,bothitsvertices
arehighlighted.Ifonlyoneisneeded,thenmovingthepointernearertoitcauses
theothertonotbehighlighted.Ifbotharehighlightedandselected,eithermay
bedeselectedbypressingthe<Ctrl>key.
Multipleselectionworksonlywithentitiesofasinglesolid.Resultsmayvary
dependinguponthecomplexityoftheresultantsolids.AutomaticAccuDraw
orientationsmayneedtobemanuallyreorientedtoachievethedesired
geometry.TheAllicondoesnotsupportmultipleselections.UsetheFace,Edge,
orVertexicons.
CreateaConceptualDesign
Exercise:Createthedesignshownintheimage
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Create a Conceptual Design
1 OpenthemodelDesignConceptinConceptualModeling.dgn.
2 TurnontheLeveldesignconcept_steps.
3 SelecttheSolidsModelingtask.
4 SelectDrawonSolid(T+1),readtheprompt,andinthetoolsettings
select:
ImprintCurves:Enabled
5 ImprintboththeOctagonalshapesontothebasesolid.
RemembertoselecttheSolidfaceontowhichthecurvesaretobe
imprinted.
6 UsingModifySolidEntity(T+2),readthepromptandselecttheinner
shapeandextrudeupby0.5meters.
Thiswillcreatethethirdstepofthebase.Nowyouwillcreatethesecond
step.
7 UsingModifySolidEntity(T+2),readthepromptandselectthefaceof
outerimprintedshapeandextrudethatface0.25meters.
Thiswillcreatethesecondstepinthedesign.
Frontviewofbase
8 TurnontheLeveldesignconcept_columns.
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Columncurvesdisplay.
9 SelectDrawonSolid(T+1)andtheImprintCurvestoolsettingandimprint
eachofthecolumnsontothefaceofthebasesolidmodel.
10 SelectModifySolidEntity(T+2),enabletheSelectFaceoption,and
extrudefaceofeachimprintedcolumnadistanceof10meters.
Hint:Tosavetime,turnontheLeveldesignconcept_rooftodisplaythea
secondcompletedmodeloftheroofforthisdesign.
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Create a Conceptual Design
ThismodelusedDrawLineonSolidandtheModifySolidEntityVertex
optiontocreatetheroofshape.
11 UsetheConstructUnionTooltounitebothmodelsintooneSolidmodel.
OptionalExercise:Createtheroofmodel
1 Createtheoctagonalshape.
2 Extrudetheshape0.5meter.
3 Drawlinesonthesolid.
4 UseMoveVertex.
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Module Review
ModuleReview
Nowthatyouhavecompletedthismodule,letsmeasurewhatyouhavelearned.
Questions
1 WhatisPushpullmodelingtechnology?
2 WhatdoyouusetheDrawonSolidtoolfor?
3 WhatdoyouusetheModifySolidEntitytoolfor?
4 Whatmethodscanyouusetoselectfacesthatarehidden?
Answers
1 Pushpullmodelingtechnologyletsyouquicklycreateandmodifysolids
interactively,byaddingorremovingfacesandverticesandpushingand
pullingfacesandvertices.
2 Todrawlines,shapes,andcircles,directlyontothefaceofanexisting
solid,ortoimprintacurveontotheface.
3 Tomanipulateaface,edge,oravertex,ofasolidbypushingorpullingit
interactively.
4 Highlightthenearestfaceandtheresetuntilyouselecthiddenface.
Rotatethevieworuseanotherview.