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Luka Bakar 2

1. Electrical shocks or burns can cause deep tissue injuries depending on the resistance of the skin and high current levels. The electric current does not just travel along the surface of the skin but can enter the body and exit through other areas. 2. Proper management of electrical burns involves stabilizing the airway, circulation, and breathing (ABC), administering fluid resuscitation to prevent shock, carefully monitoring for infections, and preparing for wound excision and skin grafting. 3. Long term care involves rehabilitation, preventing complications like infections and contractures, and addressing any psychological effects.

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Yunita Panjaitan
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
318 views30 pages

Luka Bakar 2

1. Electrical shocks or burns can cause deep tissue injuries depending on the resistance of the skin and high current levels. The electric current does not just travel along the surface of the skin but can enter the body and exit through other areas. 2. Proper management of electrical burns involves stabilizing the airway, circulation, and breathing (ABC), administering fluid resuscitation to prevent shock, carefully monitoring for infections, and preparing for wound excision and skin grafting. 3. Long term care involves rehabilitation, preventing complications like infections and contractures, and addressing any psychological effects.

Uploaded by

Yunita Panjaitan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Pada arus yang tinggi,

dg resistensi kulit yang


lemah luka lebih
dalam

Aliran listrik tidak
berjalan di permukaan
kulit, namun masuk ke
dalam tubuh, dan dapat
keluar melalui area
tubuh yang lain.
Contoh di samping:
seorang pria yang
mengalami luka bakar
elektrik pada saat
memegang kabel listrik dg
bekas sengatan di area
sekitar jempol.
Setelah dilakukan
debridement di IGD,
tampak perluasan hingga
sepanjang lengan atas
dilakukan fasciotomy u/
tekanan
Electrical shock dapat menyebabkan kesadaran,
kejang,hilang memori, cedera ortopedik.

Fraktur tulang belakang oleh karena kontraksi otot
akibat arus listrik tinggi stabilisasi & pemasangan
collar neck

inhalasi suhu panas
Cedera di ruang tertutup
Cedera pada wajah
Bulu hidung terbakar
Sputum berkarbon
Mengi
Edema faring
Suara parau/serak

Cedera di ruang tertutup
Cedera pada wajah
Bulu hidung terbakar
Sputum berkarbon
Mengi
Edema faring
Suara parau/serak
Types of Inhalation Injury
Carbon Monoxide
Poisoning

Inhalation Injury Above
the Glottis

Inhalation Below the
Glottis
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Colorless, odorless gas
Binds to hemoglobin 200 times more than oxygen
Most immediate threat to life in survivors with
severe inhalation injury
Toxicity related directly to percentage of hemoglobin
it saturates

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Signs & Symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Toxicity
Carboxyhemoglobin (%) Signs/Symptoms
0-10 None
10-30 Headache
30-50 Headache, nausea,
dizziness, tachycardia
50-60 CNS dysfunction,
coma
60+ Death
CO Poisoning: Treatment
100% oxygen until carboxyhemoglobin
levels less than 15

Hyperbaric oxygen is of unproven value
May be useful in isolated CO intoxication
but complicates wound care

Inhalation Injury Above the Glottis
Most common inhalation injury
Commonly leads to obstruction
Edema lasts for 2-4 days
Dx by visualization of upper airways

Inhalation Injury Above the Glottis:
Treatment



Intubate!!!

Inhalation Injury Below the Glottis
Chemical pneumonitis caused by toxic
products of combustion
Ammonia, chlorine, hydrogen chloride,
phosgene, aldehydes, sulfur & nitrogen
oxides
Related to amount and type of volatile
substances inhaled
Onset of symptoms is unpredictable
Close monitoring for first 24 hours

Inhalation Injury Below the Glottis:
Treatment
Prior to transfer to burn center
Intubation
to clear secretions
relieve dyspnea
deliver PEEP
Improve oxygenation
Steroids not indicated
Prophylactic antibiotics unjustified
Circumferential chest burns:
escharotomies

Prinsip Perawatan Trauma Luka
Bakar
Setelah sumber/penyebab luka bakar sudah dapat dieliminasi fokus
pada kondisi korban!!
Korban tidak akan meninggal oleh luka bakarnya, namun lebih pada efek
yang terjadi setelah luka bakar, contoh: obstruksi jalan nafas,
ruptur/fraktur pelvis butuh pertolongan segera!!

Mencegah & menanggulangi shock

Menghindari infeksi

persiapan eksisi/skin graf (dg. Op)

Rehabilitasi

Penanggulangan efek psikologis

Prinsip Penatalaksanaan luka bakar
Tujuan penatalaksanaan
Syok teratasi
Jalan nafas bersih
Tidak terjadi gangguan
mekanisme pernafasan
Tidak terjadi komplikasi (infeksi,
kontraktur, dll)


Fase Perkembangan Trauma Luka Bakar
1. Fase Resusitasi
(Emergent Resusitative Stage)
2. Fase Akut (Acute Stage)
3. Fase Rehabilitasi
(Rehabilitative Stage)

Fase Resusitasi
(Emergent Resusitative Stage)
48 72 jam pasca trauma (pra-RS)
Penghitungan luas dan derajat LB (Rule of 9)
P3K & pemberian cairan
kemungkinan syok, distress pernafasan,
Mungkin diperlukan profilaktik intubasi
penentuan pemindahan klien ke unit luka
bakar (Burn team)
Fase Akut (Acute Stage)
Terjadi diuresis dan akhir kembalinya cairan interstitial
ke ruang intravaskuler.
Risiko infeksi agent topikal dan sistemik
Manajemen perawatan luka, terapi nutrisi,
pengawasan thd proses infeksi, eksisi dan grafting
Enteral parenteral nutrition
Intra RS UGD, ULB, Unit Med. Surgical

Fase Rehabilitasi
(Rehabilitative Stage)
Dimulai ketika luka mulai menutup s/d klien
dinyatakan sembuh pada tk. kes. yg optimal.
Pencegahan fraktur, scar
Latihan ROM gerak perbaikan sendi yg cedera
Fokus utama: biopsikososial klien, kesiapan bekerja &
sosialisasi

Penatalaksanaan di igd
Triage
Penatalaksanaan ABC
traumatologi
Pembebeasan jalan nafas
(ET, TT)
Pemasangan IV line
resusitasi cairan
Pengambilan sampel darah
lab
Pemasangan kateter urin
Pemasangan CVP set
Pemasangan pipa
nasogastrik (sesuai SOP RS)
a. Untuk gangguan sal. nafas bersihkan, beri O2 8-
10L/mnt dengan sungkup, posisi duduk
b. Untuk gangguan. mekanisme nafas hitung
frekuensi, perhatikan eschar di dada eschartomy
??, riwayat cedera toraks pneumotoraks
WSD??
c. Bila syok cairan 3x yang hilang dalam waktu
singkat (IV 2 line) bila tidak ada formula Baxter
d. ABC teratasi % dan kedalaman
e. Bila sirkulasi stabil dapat dirujuk
f. Bila rujukan belum dapat lanjutkan formula yang
ada
g. Selama fase syok masalah adalah ABC tidak
dibenarkan melakukan perawatan luka!!

Resusitasi cairan

Kriteria penentuan apakah resusitasi cairan
adekuat atau tidak pengukuran urin output

Kriteria lain dalam
menentukan
keadequatan resusitasi
cairan:

Sensori, TD/FN stabil
Mual periltaltik
dalam 24 jam I

NO. 1 urin output
Penggunaan Ringer Lactat

Lebih mendekati
komposisi cairan
ekstraseluler

Jika harus diberikan
sejumlah NaCl, perlu
diingat jumlah Clorida
di dalamnya,
potensial asidosis
metabolik >>
Minor burns
Dapat inpatient & outpatient, pertimbangannya:
1. Kemampuan klien untuk merawat dirinya
2. Lingkungan rumah

Penanganan:
1. Pain management
2. Tetanus prophylaxis
3. Initial wound care
4. Teaching
Major burn
Reevaluasi ABC & trauma yang terjadi
Initiation of fluid resuscitation
Pemasangan kateter
Pemasangan NGT
Tanda vital & Laboratorium (GD, BUN, Creatinin,
Elektrolit & HT)
Pain management
Tetanus prophylaxis
Pengumpulan data
Perawatan Luka
Diagnosa keperawatan
Inefektif bersihan jalan nafas
Gangguan pola nafas
Gangguan pertukaran gas
Defisit volume cairan
Gangguan perfusi jaringan perifer
Hipotermia
Nyeri
Risiko infeksi, dll

Masalah Kolaboratif /
Potensial Komplikasi
Gagal jantung kongesif
Edema pulmonal
Sepsis
Gagal ginjal
Gagal nafas akut
Sindrom distress pernafasan akut (ARDS)
Viseral damage (electric burn)

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