TS 2

STRUCTURAL STEELWORK FABRICATION AND ERECTION

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CBH OPERATIONS PTY LTD
40 Miguel Road
BIBRA LAKE WA 6163

Tel: (08) 9236 5350
Fax: (08) 9236 5370

www.cbh.com.au







TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION





TS 2 - STRUCTURAL STEELWORK
FABRICATION AND ERECTION


TS 2
STRUCTURAL STEELWORK FABRICATION AND ERECTION
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DOCUMENT CONTROL

CHANGE CONTROL POLICY

Any amendment to this standard must be recorded in the table below.
If substantial changes are made a new version of the document shall be created to
preserve an audit trail.

REV DATE
REVISED
AUTHOR DESCRIPTION OF AMENDMENT
A 15/07/2009 T. Tyler Reformatting,
B 20/07/2009 T. Tyler Previously TS 5 & 6
C 30/04/2010 T. Tyler Rebranding

















TS 2 OWNER OPERATIONS AND ENGINEERING
MANAGER
TS 2
STRUCTURAL STEELWORK FABRICATION AND ERECTION
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TS 5 & 6 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK FABRICATION AND
ERECTION


CONTENTS


1.0 SCOPE
2.0 GOVERNING STANDARDS
3.0 MATERIALS
4.0 MARKING
5.0 MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION
6.0 SUBSTITUTION OF MATERIALS SPECIFIED
7.0 COMPRESSION JOINTS
8.0 FABRICATION
9.0 SHOP ASSEMBLY
10.0 PLATFORMS, WALKWAYS, STAIRWAYS & LADDERS
11.0 TOLERANCES
12.0 ENCASED STEELWORK
13.0 INSPECTION
14.0 PAINTING
15.0 HANDLING, TRANSPORT & STORAGE
16.0 HANDLING AND ERECTION
17.0 GROUTING
18.0 SITE MODIFICATION OF STEELWORK


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1.0 SCOPE

This specification establishes the principles to be followed in the design,
fabrication and site erection of structural steelwork and the performance
requirements of all operations necessary to complete this work.

This specification is to be read in conjunction with the Scope of Works and
General Provisions as outlined in Exhibit C.


2.0 GOVERNING STANDARDS

2.1 General

Except where otherwise stated, the works shall be in accordance with
the current issue, including amendments of the relevant Australian
Standards. These should include, but not be limited to those
identified herein.

Except as modified by the requirements specified herein or the
details on the drawings, work included in the specification shall
conform to the applicable provisions of these publications.
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2.2 Standards

AS 1101 Graphical Symbols for General Engineering
AS 1111 ISO Metric Hexagon Commercial Bolts and Screws
AS 1112 ISO Metric Hexagon Nuts, including thin Nuts, slotted
Nuts and Washers
AS 1163 Structural Steel Hollow Sections
AS 1237 Flat metal washers for General Engineering purposes
AS 1252 High Strength Steel Bolts with associated nuts and
washers for Structural Engineering (ISO series)
AS 1393 Coach Screws with ISO Hexagon Heads
AS 1418 SAA Crane Code
AS 1538 SAA Cold-Formed Steel Structures Code
AS 1554 SAA Structural Steel Welding Code
AS/NZS 1554.1 Welding of steel structures
AS/NZS 1554.2 Part 2 Stud welding (steel studs to steel)
AS/NZS 1554.4 Part 4 Welding of high strength quenched and
tempered steels
AS/NZS 1554.5 Part 5 Welding of steel structures subject to high
levels of fatigue loading
AS/NZS 1554.6 Welding stainless steels for structural purposes
AS/NZS 1559 Hot dip galvanised steel bolts with associated nuts and
washers for tower construction
AS/NZS 1594 Hot-rolled steel flat products
AS/NZS 3678 Structural steel hot-rolled plates, floor plates and
slabs
AS/NZS 3679 Structural steel
AS/NZS 3679 Part 1 Hot-rolled bars and sections
AS/NZS 3679 Part 2 Welded l sections
AS 1650 Galvanised Coating of Ferrous Articles
AS 1657 SAA Code for Fixing Platforms, Walkways, Stairs and
Ladders
AS 2338 Preferred Dimensions of Wrought Metal Products
Plate
AS 3774 SAA Loads on Bulk Solids Containers
AS 4100 SAA Steel Structures Code
AS B108 Black Cup and Countersunk Bolts, Nuts and Washers.
AS Z5 Glossary of Metal Welding Terms and Definitions

Reference in this specification of specific clauses of the various
codes is intended to highlight those points and shall not be taken to
imply a lesser importance for all other applicable clauses or codes.



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2.3 Document Precedence

If conflicting requirements occur in the documents, the order of
precedence shall be:

Australian Standards listed in the, Occupational health,
Safety and welfare Regulations Schedule 1, with the
amendments specified in this schedule.

The Contract Documents, namely the Scope of Work and
Drawings followed by the Specifications.

Nominated and relevant Australian Standards.

Local, Australian and International codes and standards.

If the Contractor finds any conflicting requirements in the contract the
Contractor shall inform the Engineer before starting the work.

Where a situation arises which is not covered by the documents, the
Contractor shall adhere to internationally accepted design the
engineering practices with regard to safety, material selection,
constructability, operability and maintainability and as approved by
the Engineer.

2.4 Documentation by Contractor

The following documentation shall be forwarded to the Engineer:

Quality Control Manual

Inspection and test Plans

Welding Procedures

Material Certificates

Non-destructive Examination Records

Painting / galvanising Records

Dimensional Inspection Records

As-built Drawings / Sketches

Release Certificates

Bolt Torque Results if appropriate

Shop Drawings


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3.0 MATERIAL CERTIFICATION

All material for fabrication including bolts, nuts and washers shall be clearly
stamped / marked with the manufacturers numbers and cross-referenced to
the certified material test report (CMTR) or certificate or compliance (COC).

CMTRs from the manufacturer shall show the heat / batch number and
mechanical and chemical properties derived from testing of the steel.

Material received without certificates shall be quarantined, pending completion
of the above.

3.1 Structural Steel

Structural steelwork for use in buildings, open type structures, bins,
or otherwise, shall be in accordance with Australian Standards.

3.2 Mill Test Certificate

Copies of all Mill Test Certificates covering the chemical and physical
properties of the steel used in the work shall be furnished to the
Engineer on request and records shall be kept for inspection.

3.3 Units of Measurement

The steelwork sections and holding down bolt diameters shall be
metric units.

3.4 Material Supply

All materials shall be of new and unused stock.

All steel shall be free from rust, pitting and other defects. All material
shall be thoroughly straightened in the shop without injury before
being worked in any way. Material that has been split or permanently
injured shall not be used.

3.5 Material Tests

The Engineer reserves the right to have the Contractor submit for
testing, as and when directed by the Engineer, test specimens of any
material or item supplied under this Contract and used, or intended to
be used in the structure.

Any material or item failing to meet the requirements specified for the
appropriate test or failing to comply in any way with the specification
may be rejected entirely or, alternatively, the Engineer may direct that
its use be confined to some particular part of the structure.

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In the event of the Engineer requiring a test specimen to be cut from
a member already fabricated, and the test proving unsatisfactory, the
member may be rejected altogether or repaired as directed by the
Engineer at the Contractor's expense. Should the test prove
satisfactory, all repairs to the member will be carried out at the
Principal's expense.

Should any test specimen fail to meet the required specification the
entire cost of preparing the test specimen and carrying out the test
shall be borne by the Contractor.

All check analysis and mechanical tests shall be carried out in
Australia in a laboratory approved by the Engineer and registered
with the National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia.


4.0 MARKING OF FABRICATED STEEL

All marking of steelwork shall comply with the following requirements and
shall be subject to the agreement of the Engineer.

Each piece of steel work shall be distinctly marked by hand stamping
and shall include orientation marks for ease of erection. Mark number
shall not be placed on the bottom of baseplates or anywhere on the
steelwork where they will be hidden after erection.

The hard stamped mark shall be colour coded by placing a stripe of
paint approximately 25 to 30 mm wide through the mark number.
Another similar stripe shall be placed on the adjacent surface. The
type of paint used shall be compatible with the final coat applied.
Marking shall remain clear and legible for a minimum of 12 months
when exposed to the weather.

Small loose pieces shall be securely bagged or bundled and clearly
marked for identification. Bolts, nuts and washers shall be in
separated containers and each container shall be clearly marked for,
size, type and quantity.


5.0 MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION

The full mark as given on the drawings shall be hardstamped in letters of
15 mm size.


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6.0 SUBSTITUTION OF MATERIALS SPECIFIED

Steel conforming to other than the nominated standards may be used,
providing that the design requirements are shown to be satisfied and the
Engineers agreement is obtained prior to the commencement of fabrication.

Steel supplied in accordance with the nominated standards, but having
sections and sizes greater in dimensions and relevant properties superior to
those shown on the drawings, may be used if the Engineers agreement is
obtained in each case.

All material shall be new. No second-hand materials shall be incorporated in
the works.


7.0 COMPRESSION JOINTS

Connection of members depending on contact bearing (i.e. columns to base
plate) shall have their contact surfaces prepared for direct bearing stress.


8.0 FABRICATION

8.1 General

All fabrication shall be carried out in a workmanlike manner generally
in accordance with the applicable clauses in AS 4100.

8.2 Cutting and Bending

Plates, members, brackets and other steel work shall be cut and bent
in compliance with the following:

Any plates thicker than 16 mm shall not be sheared unless
otherwise approved by the Engineer.

The ends of tubular and hollow sections shall be profiled to fit
the shape of the members to which they connect, and shall not
be sheared or flattened unless otherwise shown on the design
drawings or agreed by the Engineer.

Procedures for bending of materials shall be subject to
approval by the Engineer. Normal strength steels up to grade
300MPa may under careful supervision be bent by limited
heating to a temperature not higher than that required to
produce a deep cheery red colour, and allowed to cool slowly.
Higher strength steels shall not be heated without first obtaining
the recommendations of the steel Manufacturer and the prior
agreement of the Engineer.
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8.3 Punching and Drilling of Bolt Holes

Punched holes shall not be made in material greater than
20 mm thick.

Oversized and slotted holes for high strength bolts will not be
permitted unless shown on the design drawings or otherwise
agreed by the Engineer.

8.4 Machined Surfaces

Where specified or shown on the design drawings, the contact
bearing faces of adjoining members and plates shall be
machined in accordance with Clause 14.4.4 of AS 4100.

Rockers, rollers or hinge gearing sets shall be machined to
the radii shown on the design drawings, with the axis of
rotation at right angles to the direction of the motion of the
structural members which they support. Machining tolerances
shall be as shown on the design drawings.

8.5 Camber

Trusses, beams and plate girders having spans greater than 12 m
shall be fabricated with cambers of five (5 mm) millimetres under the
self-weight, unless noted otherwise on the design drawings.

8.6 Splicing in Members

All structural members shall be single lengths, except where
splices are shown on the design drawings, or where the
Engineer has given prior written approval.

For additional splices, the Contractor must demonstrate the
need and provide calculations for the review of the Engineer
prior to fabrication. Splices must be designed to develop the full
splices member strength.

Where shown on the design drawings, column ends with full
bearing splices shall be machined in accordance with Clause
14.4.4.2 of AS 4100.

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8.7 Boxed Members

Abutting edges shall be connected and sealed with a
continuous weld.

Weld reinforcement ground flush only where shown on the
drawings.

Stiffeners and other details that will be enclosed within the box
member shall be subject to inspection by the Engineer before
the closure plates are welded into place.

Where steelwork is required to be galvanized, holes shall be
provided in boxed members to prevent distortion and
explosions during the galvanizing process.

8.8 Connections

In general, shop connections shall be welded and field connections
shall be bolted, unless otherwise shown on the drawings. All bolting
and welding shall conform to AS 4100 Steel structures and the
specification.

Bolted Connections

All bolts, nuts and washers shall be galvanised. Structural
connections shall have a minimum of two (2) bolts.
Bolting procedure shall be 8.8/TB unless noted otherwise on
the drawings. All high strength bolts shall be installed in
accordance with AS 4100.

The Contractor shall supply bolts, nuts and washers of each
type, size and length for both shop and field connections are
required for erection and extra amounts of field bolts, nuts and
washers as follows;

a) 5% extra for each bolt type for the first 1000 required.
3% extra for each bolt type for the remainder required in
excess of 1000.

b) Structural bolts that have been fully tensioned (8.8/TB
and 8.8/TF) shall be replaced if they are undone and
would need to be retightened.


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8.9 Shop Errors

Fabrication errors or potential errors resulting from incorrectly detailed
components are to be reported immediately to the Engineer. The
Engineer will consider the action required for correction or modification
of the work.

Should corrections be necessary, written instructions will be given to
the Contractors to carry out such work to the account of the
responsible party.

Should fabrication errors be found during erection, the Contractor will
be advised and repairs and/or modifications as considered necessary
by the Engineer will be the account of the Contractor.

8.10 Inspection During Fabrication

During fabrication the Contractor shall permit the Engineer or the
nominated representative free access to the Fabricators Works at all
reasonable times for the purpose of carrying out inspections. Units
shall be laid out and fabricated as necessary so that all parts are
accessible for final inspection before transportation to the site.

Where steel has been inspected by the Engineer at the shop, before
being delivered to the site, such inspection shall not relieve the
Contractor of the responsibility for the correctness of the fabricated
steel.

8.11 Material

All material shall meet the requirements of AS4100 Structural
Steel Clause 2.2.

Steel bolts, nuts and washers shall be to the requirements of
Clause 2.3, and the steel castings to the requirements of
Clause 2.4.

Crain rail steel shall be to the requirements of AS1085 and
BHP Standards.

8.12 Surface Preparation of Steel and Components

All surfaces to be welded shall be clean and free from paint, oil, debris,
scale, oxides and other foreign material detrimental to welding, for a
distance of at least 25 mm from joint preparation.


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8.13 Welding

All welding shall conform to the requirements of AS/NZS1554
as appropriate.

Welding of steel studs to structural steel shall be detailed in
AS/NZS1554.2.

All welding shall be general purpose (GP) unless noted
otherwise on the drawings. Where welding is required that does
not conform to the above codes, the necessary procedures and
instructions shall be indicated on the Engineers drawings.

All welds shall be made with the appropriate grade of electrode
suitable for the type of steel being welded. Welds shall be
thoroughly chipped to remove slag and shall be the full size
specified and/or as shown on approved drawings.

Unless otherwise shown, all fillet welds shall be continuous
welds. Intermittent welds will not be permitted where members
are exposed to weather or corrosive atmosphere unless the
spaces between are continuously seal welded.

Unless otherwise shown, all butt welds shall be complete
penetration butt welds and where possible, shall be double V
butt welds except that in the case of butt welds in plate 40 mm
and more in thickness shall be made with low hydrogen
electrodes. Over reinforcement of butt welds and pronounced
bumps shall be ground off. Subject to the Engineers approval.
Beams, flange plates, web plates and cord members of long
trusses may be butt welded in the shop to form any long
lengths required provided that such splices do not come within
the middle third of the member, in the case of compound
members, the splices in the individual units shall be staggered
by not less than 600 mm. all butt welds in tubular and boxed
members shall be backed by suitable mild steel backing rings
or plates.

To enable complete assemblies to be erected, site welding of
individual members attached to main shop fabricated pieces
shall be permitted as indicated on the Engineers and
fabrication drawings. The individual members shall be welded
to their main components at ground level.

Adequate mobile welding facilities shall be provided for this
operation.

When the occasion arises due to discrepancy, inaccuracy or
other reasons, site welding may be used. All relevant details
and procedures must be approved by the Engineer before site
welding can commence.

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Fabrication drawings of welded connections shall specify as a
minimum:

a) Relevant design standards
b) Specification grade of parent weld/electrode material
c) Location, type, size of weld and effective lengths
d) Weld category GP or SP
e) Details of non-standard welds
f) NDT (non destructive testing) requirements

Qualification of welding procedures and personnel shall be
carried out as detailed in AS/NZS 1554.

Weld procedures shall be approved and personnel shall be
qualified prior to commencing welding on structural steel or
components.

Documentary evidence of personnel qualifications shall be
submitted to the Engineer for review prior to fabrication.


9.0 SHOP ASSEMBLY

Sections of the fabricated steelwork shall be shop assembled when specified
on the drawings. During shop assembly, drifting of misaligned holes shall not
be permitted. Misaligned holes shall be drilled and reamed to a larger size and
larger bolts fitted, subject to the agreement of the Engineer.


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10.0 PLATFORMS, WALKWAYS, STAIRWAYS AND LADDERS

The platforms, stairways and ladders and associated attachments shall
conform to:

AS 1657 Fixed platforms, walkways and ladders design,
construction and installation and the following requirements.

10.1 General

All decking shall be firmly fixed to the supporting steelwork.

Shop fixings shall be welded and field connections shall be bolted
unless otherwise shown on the drawings.

Bolts or other fixings on the surfaces of platforms, landings and
walkways shall be countersunk flush with the surfaces.

10.2 Guard Rails

The dimensions of components used for guard railing shall be as
shown on the drawings or on the recommendations of AS 1657 when
not shown on the drawings.

The top rail of all railing shall present no obstruction that may break or
prevent a handhold.

All welds shall be continuous and ground smooth.

10.3 Floor Grating

Floor gratings shall be as specified on the approved drawings.

Gratings shall be furnished to be continuous over two spans, or more
where practicable. Grating panels shall be banded. Longitudinal and
cross bars in adjacent sections shall be in line when erected end to
end.

Where removable grating is required, the maximum grating panel shall
be normally 1500 mm x 1200 mm wide.

10.4 Raised Angular Pattern Floor Plates

Floorplates shall be skid resistant BHP raised pattern (or equal) Grade
250 steel plates to AS 3678, not less than 6 mm thick welded or bolted
to the supporting steel as noted on the design drawings. Floorplate
shall be fabricated with lengths to be continuous over two spans or
more with practical, smooth cut to the dimensions indicated on the
design drawings.

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When removable froorplate is required, holes in the supporting steel
shall be drilled in the field after erection, using the shop drilled,
countersunk holes in the floorplate as a template to ensure a proper fit.
A minimum of four (4) bolts per piece shall be provided. Two (2) lifting
holes shall also be provided in each removable floorplate.


11.0 TOLERANCES

Tolerances for shop fabricated steel and field erected steel shall comply with
the relevant requirements of AS 4100, unless specified otherwise on the
design drawings or as specified below.

The deviation in plan position of a column shall not exceed 5 mm from its
specified position at any point. The base of a column shall be within 5 mm of
its correct level and the top of the column shall be within 3 mm of its correct
level.

The deviation in level of a beam or a girder shall not exceed 5 mm from its
specified level.

Tolerances for overhead crane rails shall comply with the relevant
requirements of AS 1418.1, Section 7 in addition to the following:

The centre to the centre distance between the two crane rails
shall not deviate from the spacing specified on the drawings by
more than 3 mm.

The plan position of each crane rail shall not deviate by more
than 3 mm from the specified position shown on the drawings.

The level of the top of the rail in an unloaded condition shall not
deviate from the elevation shown on the drawing s by more
than 3 mm.

The horizontal alignment of each rail end at joints shall not
deviate by more than 2 mm. the top face of each rail end at
joints shall be flush.


12.0 ENCASED STEELWORK

Steelwork shall be encased in concrete as detailed on the approval drawings
and shall comply with the following requirements:

Steelwork shall not be encased or built in until all connections
and surface preparations have been reviewed and approved by
the Engineer.

Welding of reinforcing steel / anchors shall be carried out as
detailed in AS/NZS 1554, Part 3, Welding of Reinforcing Steel.

Concrete shall be Grade 32 MPa with a maximum aggregate
size of 10 mm, unless specified otherwise on the drawing.
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13.0 INSPECTION

Welding of shop fabricated structural steel and field welding shall be subjected
to Non Destructive Tests (NDT) as follows:

Visual inspection of 100% of all welds shall be performed.

Fillet welds, 5% by Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI).

Full and partial penetration butt welds, 10% by radiography.

Levels of inspection shall be increased in the event that the defects
exceed the level as given in Tables 6.2.1 and 6.2.2 of AS/NZS 1554.1.


14.0 PAINTING AND PROTECTIVE COATINGS

Corrosion protection of steel and components shall be carried out as
described in Standard Specification TS 4 - Painting and Protective Coatings
or as nominated on the drawings.

During site handling, storage and erection the Contractor shall take all
necessary precautions to prevent damage to the protected steelwork
surfaces.

All painted and protective coating to the steelwork damaged by the
Contractor during erection shall be cleared, prepared and restored in
accordance with the standard specification above.

The Engineer reserves the right to inspect all fabricated structural steel (shop
and field) prior to application of protective coatings

The Contractor shall give the Engineer three (3) working days written notice
of intension to proceed with the application of the coatings to any steelwork.


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15.0 HANDLING, TRANSPORTING AND STORAGE

Handling of structural steelwork by the Contractor during all phases of
fabrication and erection shall comply with the following requirements:

Steelwork shall be handled and stored by methods and equipment that
will not result in overstress, deformation or damage to protective
coatings. Members shall not be stored directly in contact with the
ground.

Members bent or buckled by the Contractor during handling shall be
liable to rejection. Any steelwork that is deformed as a result of
handling, storing and transporting and which prevents the proper
assembling and fitting up of parts shall be replaced or corrected by the
Contractor. The method of correction shall be subject to the agreement
of the Engineer. Damage to paintwork during handling and erection
shall be repaired in accordance with Standard Specification TS 4.

Bolts, nuts and washers shall be stored in grit free containers, in
weatherproof premises. Loose pieces for connections shall be attached
to their respective members and clearly marked for identification.

During site handling, storage and erection, the Contractor shall take all
necessary precautions to prevent damage to painted or other protected
steelwork surfaces.

All protected steelwork damaged by the Contractor during handling and
erection shall be cleaned, prepared and restored in accordance with
Standard Specification TS 2.

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16.0 HANDLING AND ERECTION OF STRUCTURAL STEEL

Handling and erection of steelwork shall comply with Section 15 of AS 4100
and the following requirements.

The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for agreement, details of
the equipment and methods proposed for use in the erection of the
steelwork. All erection gear and equipment shall be of adequate
strength and comply with all applicable Statutory Acts and Regulations.
The agreement of the Engineer shall not relieve the Contractor of
responsibility for the adequacy and safety of the work during erection.

During erection, the work shall at all times be securely bolted, guyed or
braced. The Contractor shall ensure the stability of the structure at all
stages or erection and shall supply the necessary temporary bracing.
At the request of the Engineer the Contractor shall submit certified
engineering computations for stability of the structure.

Prior to erection of steelwork, concrete surfaces shall be prepared and
levelling plates or shims set in place. All shims and plates shall be
galvanised.

All erection bolts used in welded construction may be tightened
securely and left in place or removed and the holes filled with weld
metal and ground flush. Permanent welding shall not be undertaken
until correct alignment, plumbing and levelling has been completed and
approved by the Engineer.

Drift punching to match misaligned holes will not be permitted.
Misaligned holes shall be drilled and reamed to a larger size and large
bolts fitted or corrected by other means to the agreement of the
Engineer.

All bolting carried out by the Contractor shall comply with the following
requirements:

a. Bolts shall be assembled with washers under the part to be
turned and shall conform to the requirements of AS 4100.

b. High strength bolts shall be tightened in accordance with
AS 4100.

c. Load indicating and other types of bolts designed for
special tightening procedures shall only be installed where
shown on the drawings or with the agreement of the
Engineer.

TS 2
STRUCTURAL STEELWORK FABRICATION AND ERECTION
Doc Ref: CBH_DMS_PROD-#826850-v4-STRUCTURAL_STEELWORK_FABRICATION_AND_ERECTION_-_TS_2
20 of 21 REV C
17.0 GROUTING

17.1 General

Grouting for base plates shall be of two (2) types, flowable non-shrink
and dry pack mortar and shall be indicated on the design drawing.

17.2 Flowable Non-Shrink Grout

Epirez 5137 Epoxy grout or equivalent approved flowable non-shrink
grout shall be mixed and placed in accordance with the manufacturers
instructions in the locations shown on the drawings.

17.3 Non-Shrink Grout (Structural)

The acceptable grout shall be an approved proprietary brand. Grout
shall as dry as practicable for the purpose.

The grout shall be rammed under the full area of the baseplate, either
by ramming from the opposite sides simultaneously or ramming
against a fixed form. The edges of the grout shall be neatly tapered at
45 from the baseplate edge to the concrete foundation.


TS 2
STRUCTURAL STEELWORK FABRICATION AND ERECTION
Doc Ref: CBH_DMS_PROD-#826850-v4-STRUCTURAL_STEELWORK_FABRICATION_AND_ERECTION_-_TS_2
21 of 21 REV C
SITE MODIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

17.1 General

No modification that is liable to effect the strength of a structural
member, the efficiency of a joint, or the integrity of a structure shall be
made without the prior approval of the Engineer. Such field fabrication
and sub-assembly as may be necessary shall conform with the
requirements of the specifications.

17.2 Modifications and Corrections

Procedures and method shall be submitted to and approved by the
Engineer.

17.2.1 Cutting

Site cutting shall be wherever possible by a mechanical
process. Where flame cutting is necessary, an allowance shall
be left for grinding of ragged edges to ensure a smooth finish.

17.2.2 Holding

Holes for bolts shall be drilled. Burning of such holes will not be
permitted. Correction of misaligned holes may be achieved by
reaming or, subject to the approval of the Engineer, by filling
badly misaligned holes with weld metal, grinding flush and
redrilling correctly.

17.2.3 Repositioning

Where welded fitments need positioning, the existing weld shall
be removed, where possible, by chipping, grinding or gouging.
Where the fitment has been removed, the affected area shall
be ground smooth. Fitments shall be removed using the same
attachment as specified on the approved detail drawings.

17.2.4 Finishing

Wherever remedial work has been carried out, the affected
area shall be cleaned, burrs, slag and weld spatter removed
and the paintwork made good in accordance with Standard
Specification TS 4.