Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta.

Maria)
CIVIL COD OF !" P"ILIPPI#S$ Preliminary !itle
Article Summary Summarized Annotation: Added Info:
Article 1: Civil Code of the
Philippines
Art. 2: Laws shall take effect 15 % Ci&il 'ode too( e))e't on A*+*st ,0- .9/0 Co&ered 0nder t1is R*le$
days following the completion % O 200 2as iss*ed 3y President A4*ino on 5*ne .967 21i'1 % Presidential de'rees and
of their pulication 8ro&ided t1at 8*rs*ant to t1e r*lin+ in !a9ada &. !*&era e:e'*ti&e orders 3y t1e
8*3li'ation need not 3e made in t1e O))i'ial ;a<ette- 'onsiderin+ 8resident in e:er'ise o) 1is
its errati' release and limited readers1i8. le+islati&e 8o2ers.
% #e2s8a8ers )or +eneral 'ir'*lation 'o*ld 3etter 8er)orm t1e % Administrati&e r*les and
)*n'tion o) 'omm*ni'atin+ t1e la2s to t1e 8eo8le=more re+*lations i) t1eir 8*r8ose
a&aila3le- 2ider 'ir'*lation- 'omes o*t re+*larly. is to en)or'e or im8lement
% I) a stat*te does not 8ro&ide )or its e))e'ti&ity- it 2ill only ta(e e:istin+ la2 8*rs*ant to a
e))e't ./days a)ter t1e 'om8letion o) its 8*3li'ation. (#o one s1all &alid dele+ation.
3e '1ar+ed *nder t1e stat*te *ntil t1e 'om8letion o) t1e % City '1arter m*st 3e
8*3li'ation.) 8*3lis1ed e&en i) it is only
% Stat*tes may 8ro&ide )or anot1er n*m3er o) days )or 8*3li'ation. a88li'a3le to a 8ortion o)
!1e statement >*nless ot1er2ise 8ro&ided? re)ers only to t1e ./ national territory
days (21i'1 'an 3e '1an+ed to a di))erent n*m3er) and not t1e @ Inter8retati&e re+*lation and
re4*irement o) 8*3li'ation. =P*3li'ation is indis8ensa3le. t1ose internal in nat*re need not
3e 8*3lis1ed.
Art. !: "gnorance of the law % It is t1e 8res*m8tion t1at e&ery 8erson (no2s t1e la2.
e#cuses no one % I+noran'e 'annot 3e 8*t *8 as a de)ense 3e'a*se it 'an al2ays
3e *sed 'a*sin+ disorder in so'iety
% !1is is t1e reason 21y 8*3li'ation is an essential element- so t1at
no one 'an e:'*se 1imsel) or 1ersel) )or not (no2in+.
Art. $: Laws shall not e % Stat*tes are to 3e 'onstr*ed as 1a&in+ 8ros8e'ti&e or )*t*re
retroactive unless provided o8eration only it is not meant to 3e a88li'a3le to t1e 8ast unless it
is e:8ressly 8ro&ided )or or is 'learly and ne'essarily im8lied )rom
t1e la2.
Cases 21en t1e la2 may 3e +i&en retroa'ti&e e))e't$
.. !1e la2 e:8ressly 8ro&ides
2. A1en t1e la2 is '*rati&e or remedial B meant to '*re de)e'ts in
order to en)or'e e:istin+ o3li+ations. !o ena3le 8eo8le to 'arry
into e))e't 21at t1ey intended in t1e o3li+ation 3*t 'o*ld not d*e
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to some stat*te. #ot meant to im8air o3li+ation or a))e't &ested
ri+1ts.
,. A1en t1e la2 is 8ro'ed*ral B 21en it deals 2it1 8ro'ed*re it
a88lies to all a'tions- 21i'1 1a&e a''r*ed- or 8endin+ and )*t*re
a'tions.
:. A1en t1e le+islat*re 8ro&ides t1at all 3ills s1o*ld *nder +o C readin+s
instead o) ,. !1is a))e'ts all 3ills t1at 1a&e 3een 'reated and e&en t1ose
already *nder+oin+ readin+s.
C. A1en t1e la2 is 8enal in '1ara'ter and is )a&ora3le to t1e
a''*sed.
Art. 5: Acts committed against MA#DA!ORD PROVISIO#S OF LAAS$ I) one )ails to 'ommit 'ertain a'ts
mandatory and prohiitory t1at are mandatory in t1e la2- it renders t1e 8ro'eedin+ or a'ts to 21i'1 it
laws shall e void. relates as ille+al or &oid.
:. !1e la2 8ro&ides > !1e a'tion to re&o(e t1e donation *nder t1is arti'le
m*st 3e 3ro*+1t 2it1in / years )rom t1e time t1e de'ree o) le+al
se8aration 1as 3e'ome )inal.? (Arti'le EC- Family Code)
PRO"IFI!ORD LAAS$ !1ose t1at one is not s*88osed to do. Co*'1ed in
ne+ati&e terms.
:. !1e la2 8ro&ides t1at > #o le+al se8aration may 3e de'reed *nless
t1e 'o*rt 1as ta(en ste8s to2ards re'on'iliation.? (Arti'le /9- Family
Code)
Art. %: &aiver of 'ights % Ri+1ts may 3e 2ai&ed *nless it is 'ontrary to la2- 8*3li' 8oli'y- :am8les o) 21at 'annot 3e
morals or +ood '*stoms- or 8reG*di'ial to a t1ird 8erson 2it1 a 2ai&ed$
ri+1t re'o+ni<ed 3y la2. .. Aai&er a+ainst t1e ri+1t to
% !1e ri+1t m*st e:ist at t1e time o) t1e 2ai&er. 8*r'1ase land.
Re4*isites$ 2. Aai&e an a'tion a+ainst
.. !1e 8erson (no2s t1at a ri+1t e:ists )*t*re )ra*d
2. "as ade4*ate (no2led+e *8on 21i'1 to ma(e an intelli+ent ,. Aai&e ri+1t to re'ei&e less
de'ision t1an t1e 'om8ensation a
,. Hno2led+e o) t1e )a'ts related to t1e ri+1t to 3e 2ai&ed 2or(er is to re'ei&e *nder
C. M*st 3e s1o2n t1at t1e 2ai&er is made (no2in+ly and intelli+ently t1e la2.
% Ri+1ts 8ro&ided )or in stat*tes 'an +enerally 3e 2ai&ed *nless t1e o3Ge't
o) t1e stat*te is to 8rote't or 8romote 8*3li' interest
Art. (: 'epealed Laws % La2s are re8ealed only 3y s*3se4*ent ones
% Fet2een a la2 and t1e Constit*tion- t1e latter 8re&ails
% Administrati&e or e:e'*ti&e a'ts are &alid only 21en t1ey are not
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'ontrary to la2s or t1e Constit*tion
RPAL$ le+islati&e a't o) a3olis1in+ a 8re&io*s stat*te t1ro*+1 a ne2
la2
% A1ere a 8ortion o) a stat*te is rendered *n'onstit*tional and 8art
is &alid t1e arts may 3e se8arated i) t1ey 'an stand inde8endently
o) one anot1er.
Art. ): *udicial decisions form % 5*di'ial de'isions- a88lyin+ and inter8retin+ la2s and t1e Constit*tion-
case laws ass*me t1e same a*t1ority as la2s.
Art. +: 'esponsiility of the % 5*d+es m*st not e&ade 8er)orman'e o) t1eir res8onsi3ility 3e'a*se o) an
courts a88arent non%e:isten'e or &a+*eness o) a la2 +o&ernin+ a 8arti'*lar le+al
dis8*te.
Art. 1,: "t is presumed that the % !1e 'o*rt m*st )irst a88ly t1e la2- only 21en t1ere is am3i+*ity in
lawmaking ody intended right its a88li'ation s1o*ld t1ere 3e any (ind o) inter8retation.
and -ustice to prevail % !1e inter8retation s1o*ld 3e in line 2it1 t1e intent o) t1e
le+islat*re or t1e end so*+1t to 3e attained.
Art. 11: Customs C0S!OM$ a r*le o) 'ond*'t )ormed 3y re8etition o) a'ts- *ni)ormly
Art. 12: Customs must e o3ser&ed as a so'ial r*le- 21i'1 is le+ally 3indin+ and 1as o3li+atory
proved accdg. to the rules of )or'e.
evidence. 50RIDICAL C0S!OM$ Can 3e a s*88lementIaddition to a stat*tory la2
*nli(e a so'ial '*stom- 21i'1 'annot do so.
Art. 1!: .ears/ days/ months Dears$ ,E/ days ea'1
Mont1s$ ,0 days B i) desi+nated 3y t1eir name- t1ey s1all 3e 'om8*ted 3y
t1e n*m3er o) days t1at t1ey res8e'ti&ely 1a&e
"o*r$ 2C 1o*rs
#i+1ts$ S*nset to s*nrise
% In 'om8*tin+ a 8eriod )irst day e:'l*de last day in'l*ded
Art. 1$: Penal laws % All 'iti<ens or )orei+ners 21o soGo*rner are s*3Ge't to all 8enal :'e8tion$
la2s and la2s meant )or 8*3li' se'*rity and sa)ety. Forei+ners 21o are imm*ne )rom
% s*it and t1*s 'annot 3e '1ar+ed
(di8lomati' a+ents)
Art. 15: 0ationality rule % Re+ardless o) 21ere a 'iti<en o) t1e P1ili88ines mi+1t 3e 1e or !1*s a Fili8ino 'annot +et a
s1e 2ill still 3e +o&erned 3y P1ili88ine la2s 21en it 'omes to di&or'e e&en i) 1e or s1e +oes
)amily ri+1ts- d*ties- or to 1is or 1er le+al stat*s and le+al a3road- sin'e di&or'e is not
'a8a'ity- re'o+ni<ed in t1e P1ili88ines
Art. 1%: 'eal 1 Personal % Real and Personal Pro8erty are s*3Ge't to t1e la2 o) t1e 'o*ntry
Property 21ere it is )o*nd. "o2e&er- 21en it 'omes to t1e order- amo*nt-
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and intrinsi' &alidity o) t1e s*''ession it s1all 3e re+*lated 3y t1e
la2 o) t1e 8erson 21ose s*''ession is 3ein+ 'onsidered
re+ardless o) 21ere t1e 8ro8erty is to 3e )o*nd.
Art. 1(: 2orms and 3olemnities Extrinsic validity$ t1e la2s s1all +o&ern t1e )orms o) 'ontra'ts and 2ills
of contracts4will/ acts done 21ere t1ey are made. !1*s a 2ill made in t1e 0.S. m*st )ollo2 t1e la2s
efore consular officials/ re+ardin+ t1e )orms o) 2ills in t1e 0.S.
prohiitive laws Acts before Diplomatic and Consular Officials: Any a't or 'ontra't
made in a )orei+n 'o*ntry made 3e)ore t1e di8lomati' and 'ons*lar
o))i'ials m*st also 'on)orm to P1ili88ine la2s. !1is is 3e'a*se in t1e
8remises o) a di8lomati' o))i'e t1e )orei+n 'o*ntry 2ai&es its G*risdi'tion
so t1e P1ili88ine la2s +o&ern in t1e 8remises o) t1e P1ili88ine Di8lomati'
O))i'e in )orei+n 'o*ntries.
Prohibitive a!s: Pro1i3iti&e la2s 'on'ernin+ 8ro8erty- 8ersons- t1eir
a'ts and t1ose meant )or 8*3li' order- 8*3li' 8oli'y- or +ood '*stoms 2ill
'ontin*e to 3e in e))e't e&en i) t1e 8erson is in a di))erent 'o*ntry 2it1
di))erent la2s.
:. A Fili8ino +ets married to 2 2omen in anot1er 'o*ntry 21ere 3i+amy
is le+al- t1e se'ond marria+e is &oid sin'e 3i+amy is not 8ermitted in t1e
P1ili88ines.
Art. 1): 5eficiency in the Code % A1en t1ere are de)i'ien'ies in t1e Code o) Commer'e and
of Commerce and special laws S8e'ial La2s t1e 'i&il 'ode 2ill +o&ern s*'1 de)i'ien'y.
:. In t1e Code o) Commer'e t1ere is no stated 8res'ri8tion date )or a
'ertain a't- t1*s t1e 8ro&isions on 8res'ri8tion in t1e 'i&il 'ode 2ill +o&ern.
% "o2e&er one m*st '1e'( t1e (ind o) transa'tion at 1and and
21et1er t1e 'i&il 'ode 8ro&ision is a88li'a3le
:. In a 8re&io*s 'ase- t1e Carria+e o) ;oods 3y Sea A't t1ere is a one
year 8res'ri8tion )or ma(in+ a 'laim )or loss or dama+e and t1e 8lainti))
3elie&ed t1at 1e 'o*ld e:tend t1e 8res'ri8ti&e 8eriod 3y +i&in+ a 2ritten
demand 8*rs*ant to Art. ..// o) t1e 'i&il 'ode- es8e'ially sin'e t1e 'i&il
'ode is meant to 3e s*88lementary a''ordin+ to Art. .6. "o2e&er t1e
S*8reme Co*rt r*led t1at it 2as not a88li'a3le 3e'a*se 21en it 'omes to
matters o) +oods in trans8ort it is desira3le t1at it 3e resol&ed at on'e
ta(in+ into 'onsideration t1e nat*re o) t1e +oods.
"0MA# RLA!IO#S
Art. 1+: Ause of right % Meant to 3e a la2 o) G*sti'e and )airness es8e'ially in instan'es 21erein @!1e t1ree arti'les are
doctrine t1ere is no s8e'i)i' la2 to 8re&ent a'ts o) a3*se to anot1er. related to ea'1 ot1er and
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% It is a r*le o) 'ond*'t t1at is meant to 'reate a 1armonio*s and orderly *nder t1ese arti'les an a't-
relation s1i8 3et2een 8eo8le 21i'1 'a*ses inG*ry to
Art. 2,: willfully or negligently % S8ea(s o) t1e +eneral san'tion )or all ot1er 8ro&isions o) la2- 21i'1 do anot1er- may 3e made t1e
causes damage to another not es8e'ially 8ro&ide t1eir o2n san'tion. 3asis )or an a2ard )or
% Desi+ned to )ill in t1e 'o*ntless +a8s in t1e stat*es- 21i'1 lea&e many dama+es.
&i'tims 2it1o*t re'o*rse.
Art. 21: Contrary to good lements$
customs/ morals/ or pulic .. !1ere is an a't 21i'1 is le+al
policy 2. F*t 21i'1 is 'ontrary to morals- +ood '*stoms- 8*3li' order- 8*3li' 8oli'y
,. And it is done 2it1 intent to inG*re
% Pres*88oses material or ot1er loss 21i'1 one may s*))er as a res*lt o) anot1er
8ersonJs a't
Art. 22: 6ne who comes into 0#50S! #RIC"M#!$ one s1o*ld not *nd*ly 8ro)it on somet1in+ 21i'1 1e
the possession of another is does not o2n
oliged to make restitution % !1*s i) one is 3ene)ited at t1e e:8ense o) anot1er- 1e m*st 8ay or indemni)y t1e
Art. 2!: 7ven if the act was not
ot1er )or 21at 1e 1as +ained.
due to ones fault or negligent
he is still liale for indemnity if
he was enefited.
Art. 2$: Protecting the rights It is t1e 'o*rts d*ty to render G*sti'e and +i&e 8rote'tion on a''o*nt o) t1ose 21o
of the disadvantage are disad&anta+e d*e to moral de8enden'e- i+noran'e- indi+en'e (8o&erty)-
mental 2ea(ness- tender a+e or ot1er 1andi'a8.
Art. 25: 7#travagance during !1e 'o*rts at t1e instan'e o) t1e +o&ernment or any 8ri&ate '1arita3le instit*tion
acute pulic want or 'an order one to sto8 e:treme s8endin+ d*rin+ times o) emer+en'y.
emergency :. !1ere is a +asoline s'ar'ity and a ri'1 man 3*ys tons and tons o) +asoline to
8o2er 1is 8ri&ate am*sement 8ar(. Bt1e 'o*rt may order 1im to sei<e s*'1 at t1e
instan'e o) t1e +o&ernment or '1arita3le instit*tion to 8re&ent s*'1 in times o)
emer+en'y.
Art. 2%: 'espect privacy of % Meant to en)or'e t1e ri+1t o) one to 1is 8ri&a'y in oneJs o2n 1ome- reli+io*s
others. 'espect for human )reedom- 8re&ent moral s*))erin+- &e:ation- 1*miliation-
dignity
Art. 2(: Pulic servant refuses % One may )ile an a'tion )or dama+es a+ainst t1e o))i'er 21o does not 8er)orm 1is @I) t1e o))i'er is no day o))-
or neglects to do his duty o))i'ial d*ty 2it1o*t G*st 'a*se. t1en one 'annot )ile an
without -ust cause % A 8*3li' o))i'er 21o 'ommits a tort or ot1er 2ron+)*l a't is still lia3le to t1e a'tion a+ainst 1im.
&i'tim.
Art. 2): 8nfair competition % #e'essary to 8romote a system o) )ree enter8rise and a )air '1an'e )or ot1ers to
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en+a+e in 3*siness and earn a li&in+.
Art. 2+: Civil action when guilt % I) in a 'riminal 'ase- t1e a''*sed is not 8ro&en +*ilty 3eyond reasona3le do*3t
is not proved eyond a 'i&il a'tion may 3e made and t1e de+ree o) 8roo) ne'essary is only a
reasonale dout 8re8onderan'e o) e&iden'e 21i'1 means t1at more e&iden'e is add*'ed to 8ro&e
t1e +*ilt o) t1e a''*sed 'om8ared to t1at to de)end 1im.
Art. !,: Civil oligation arising % A 'i&il o3li+ation arisin+ )rom a 'riminal o))ense only needs a 8re8onderan'e o)
from a criminal offense e&iden'e as t1e 4*ant*m o) 8roo)-
Art. !1: Civil oligation not % 0s*ally a 'riminal 8ro'eedin+- i) 'ommen'ed- m*st 3e terminated 3e)ore
arising from the felony a 'i&il 8ro'eedin+ 'an 3e+in. I) a 'i&il 8ro'eedin+ 1as 3e+*n and later on
a 'riminal 8ro'eedin+ is )iled- t1e 'i&il 8ro'eedin+ is 8*t on 1old *ntil t1e
'riminal 8ro'eedin+ 1as )inis1ed.
% "o2e&er 21en t1e 'i&il o3li+ation is se8arate )rom t1e 'rime 'ommitted
it may 8ro'eed inde8endently o) t1e 'riminal 8ro'eedin+.
% Certain inG*ries do not arise )rom t1e 'ommission o) a 'rime.
:. A 3*s dri&er 'ras1es t1e 3*s 3e'a*se 1e is dr*n(. !1e 'i&il a'tion 1ere is
3ased )rom t1e 3rea'1 o) t1e 'ontra't*al o3li+ation o) all 'ommon 'arriers to ta(e
e:tra dili+en'e in dri&in+ 1is 8assen+ers. !1e 'riminal a'tion 1ere is 3ased on t1e
dri&erJs 'riminal ne+li+en'e. !1e )irst is +o&erned 3y t1e 'i&il 'ode and t1e
se'ond is )rom t1e Re&ised Penal Code.
Art. !2: Civil action for % #e'essary to 1a&e an a3sol*te se8arate and inde8endent 'i&il a'tion )or t1e
violation of constitutional &iolation o) 'i&il li3erties )or t1e e))e'ti&e maintenan'e o) demo'ra'y.
rights
Art. !!: Civil action for % Prin'i8le is to allo2 t1e 'iti<en to en)or'e 1is ri+1ts re+ardless o) State a'tion so @Criminal ne+li+en'e
violation of private rights t1at 'iti<ens 2ill not de8end *8on t1e +o&ernment )or t1e &indi'ation o) t1eir o2n (re'(less im8r*den'e) is not
8ri&ate ri+1ts. in'l*ded in t1is arti'le- t1*s
% In'l*des )ra*d- de)amation- 81ysi'al inG*ries and are *nderstood in t1eir an inde8endent a'tion )or
ordinary sense. s*'1 'annot 3e made
inde8endently )rom t1e
'riminal 8rose'*tion.
Art. !$: 9emers of the Police % A1en t1ere is dan+er to li)e or 8ro8erty- s*'1 8ea'e o))i'er s1all 3e
2orce 8rimarily lia3le )or dama+es- and t1e 'ity or m*ni'i8ality s1all 3e
s*3sidiarily res8onsi3le.
% An inde8endent 'i&il a'tion 'an 3e instit*ted 21erein a 8re8onderan'e o)
e&iden'e is all t1at is re4*ired.
Art !5: 'eservation of civil % A1en a 8erson 'laimin+ to 3e inG*red 3y a 'riminal o))ense- '1ar+es anot1er 3*t
action t1e G*d+es )ails to )ind any 'rime to 1a&e 3een 'ommitted or i) t1e 8rose'*tin+
attorney re)*sesI)ails to instit*te 'riminal 8ro'eedin+s
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Art. !%: Pre-udicial :uestions % !1e +eneral r*le is t1at t1e 'riminal 'ase ta(es 8re'eden'eK an e:'e8tion
2o*ld 3e i) t1ere e:ist 8reG*di'ial 4*estions- 21i'1 s1o*ld 3e resol&ed
3e)ore t1e 'riminal 'ase.
PR50DICIAL L0S!IO#$ !1at 21i'1 m*st 8re'ede t1e 'riminal a'tion t1at
21i'1 re4*ires a de'ision 3e)ore a )inal G*d+ment is rendered in t1e 8rin'i8al
a'tion 21ere t1e said 4*estion is 'losely 'onne'ted. !1e resol*tion o) t1e
PreG*di'ial 4*estion 2ill determine i) t1e 'riminal a'tion may 8ro'eed.
:. A and F +ot married. F t1en married C. A )iled a 'ase )or 3i+amy a+ainst F. F
also )iled a 'i&il 'ase a+ainst C (t1e se'ond s8o*se) 'ontendin+ t1at s1e 2as
intimidated into marryin+ C. !1e 'i&il 'ase to determine 21et1er t1ere 2as
intimidation or not m*st ne'essary 3e resol&ed 3e)ore t1e 3i+amy 'ase. I) F 2as
indeed intimidated in marryin+ C- t1ere is no 3i+amy.
CIVIL PRSO#ALI!D$ ;#RAL PROVISIO#S
Art. !(: *uridical Capacity and 50RIDICAL CAPACI!D$ )itness to 3e t1e s*3Ge't o) le+al relations- in1erent in
Capacity to Act. e&ery 8erson and is lost only t1ro*+1 deat1.
% A'4*ired 21en one is 'on'ei&ed (ri+1ts o) t1e *n3orn '1ild)
CAPACI!D !O AC!$ 8o2er to do a'ts 2it1 le+al e))e't- may 3e a'4*ired o) lost
% A'4*ired 21en one rea'1es t1e a+e o) maGority- lost in 'ases li(e 'i&il
interdi'tion
.
.
Art. !): 'estrictions on the Restri'tions on t1e 'a8a'ity to a't$ Minority- insanity or im3e'ility- state o) 3ein+ a @ Fot1 men and 2omen are
capacity to act dea)%m*te- 8rodi+ality- and 'i&il interdi'tion are mere restri'tions on t1e 'a8a'ity 4*ali)ied )rom all a'ts o) 'i&il
to a't. B Do not e:em8t t1e 8erson )rom 'ertain o3li+ations. li)e 21en t1ey rea'1 t1e a+e
Art. !+: 9odification or limit Modi)yIlimit 'a8a'ity to a't$ a+e- insanity- im3e'ility- t1e state o) 3ein+ a dea)% o) maGority (.6 years old)
capacity to act m*te- 8enalty- 8rodi+ality- )amily relations- aliena+e- a3sen'e- insol&en'y- and
tr*stees1i8.
#A!0RAL PRSO#S
Art. $,: Commencement of % Firt1 determines 8ersonality 3*t t1e 'on'ei&ed '1ild s1all 3e 'onsidered %For 8*r8oses o) in1eritan'e
Civil personality 3orn )or all 8*r8oses t1at are )a&ora3le to it. Pro&ided t1at t1e 'on'ei&ed and s*''ession- a '1ild
'1ild is later 3orn 2it1 t1e 'onditions in Art. C.. 'on'ei&ed at t1e time o)
Art. $1: conditions to % !1e )et*s is 'onsidered 3orn i) it is ali&e )rom t1e time it 2as 'om8letely deat1 o) t1e de'edent 'an s
determine when the child is deli&ered )rom t1e mot1erJs 2om3. F0! i) t1e )et*s 2as ali&e in t1e
considered conceived. 2om3 )or less t1an 7 mont1s it is not deemed 3orn i) it dies 2it1in 2C
1o*rs it is deli&ered )orm t1e 2om3.
Art. $2: Civil personality % Deat1 8*ts an end to 'i&il 8ersonality
.
An a''essory 8enalty )or t1e 'ommission o) an o))ense- 21i'1 de8ri&es t1e o))ender d*rin+ t1e time o) 1is senten'e t1e ri+1ts o) 8arental a*t1ority- or
+*ardians1i8- ri+1t to mana+e 1is 8ro8erty and t1e ri+1t to dis8ose o) s*'1 8ro8erty 3y any a't.
D. So3re8e9a 7
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
e#tinguished at death % Dead 8erson 'ontin*es to 1a&e 8ersonality only t1ro*+1 'ontra't- 2ill- or
as determined 3y la2. B Creditors 'an still 'laim )rom t1e estate o) t1e
de'eased any o3li+ation d*e to t1em.
% #o 1*man 3ody s1all 3e 3*ried *nless t1e 8ro8er deat1 'erti)i'ate 1as
3een 8resented and re'orded 1o2e&er d*rin+ an e8idemi' 3odies may
3e 3*ried 8ro&ided t1at t1e deat1 'erti)i'ate 3e se'*red 2it1in / days
a)ter t1e 3*rial.
Art. $!: 5out etween the % A88lies to 8ersons 21o are 'alled to s*''eed ea'1 ot1er li(e mot1er and
death of two or more persons '1ild. (#e'essary to determine t1e amo*nt o) in1eritan'e one is to
re'ei&e- transmission o) ri+1ts- et'.)
% I) t1ere is no 8roo) as to 21o died )irst- t1ey are 8res*med to 1a&e died
at t1e same time and t1*s no transmission o) ri+1ts )rom one to t1e
ot1er.
% Proo) o) deat1 'annot 3e esta3lis1ed )rom mere in)eren'e or
8res*m8tions. It m*st 3e esta3lis1ed 3y 'lear 8ositi&e e&iden'e.
50RIDICAL PRSO#S
Art. $$: &ho are -uridical 50RIDICAL PRSO#$ Fein+ o) le+al e:isten'e s*s'e8ti3le o) ri+1ts and
persons o3li+ations.
Art. $5: &hat governs -uridical
.. State$ or+ani<ed 'or8orate so'iety *nder a +o&ernment 2it1 t1e le+al
'om8eten'e to e:a't o3edien'e o) its 'ommands. It 'an enter into
persons treaties and 'ontra'ts.
Art. $%: 'ights and oligations
% !1e state 'annot 3e s*ed 2it1o*t its 'onsent (im8lied or e:8ressed)
2. Political subdivisions$ m*ni'i8al 'or8orations t1at 'onsist o) 8ro&in'es-
of -uridical persons 'ities and m*ni'i8alities. !1ey 'an 3e s*ed 3e'a*se it is +ranted 3y t1eir
'1arters 3*t t1ey are +enerally not lia3le )or torts 'ommitted in t1e
,.
dis'1ar+e o) t1eir +o&ernmental )*n'tions.
Corporation: An arti)i'ial 3ein+ 'reated 3y o8eration o) la2 and 1as t1e
C.
8o2ers and attri3*tes +ranted to it 3y t1e la2- 21i'1 'reated it.
Partnership: 2 or more 8ersons 3ind t1emsel&es to ma(e 'ontri3*tions
to a 'ommon )*nd 2it1 t1e intention o) di&idin+ t1e 8ro)its amon+
t1emsel&es.
@Cor8orations- 8artners1i8s- and asso'iations )or 8ri&ate interest and 8*r8ose
may 3e +ranted a se8arate and distin't 8ersonality )rom t1e s1are1olders or
mem3ers (t1is is (no2n as t1e &eil o) 'or8orate )i'tion). "o2e&er- t1is &eil may 3e
8ier'ed- t1*s ma(in+ t1e s1are1olders and mem3ers lia3le- 21en t1e )i'tion is
*sed to de)eat 8*3li' 'on&enien'e- G*sti)y 2ron+- 8rote't )ra*d- de)end 'rime-
D. So3re8e9a 6
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
8er8etrate de'e8tion- et'.
@State and 8oliti'al s*3di&isions- ot1er 'or8orations- instit*tions- and entities )or
8*3li' interest or 8*r8ose are +o&erned 3y t1e la2s 'reatin+ t1em.
@Pri&ate 'or8orations are re+*lated 3y la2s o) +eneral a88li'ation on t1e s*3Ge't
@Partners1i8s are +o&erned 3y t1e 8ro&isions o) t1is Code 'on'ernin+
8artners1i8s
@5*ridi'al 8ersons may a'4*ire and 8ossess 8ro8erty o) all (inds and in'*r
o3li+ations in 'on)ormity 2it1 t1e la2s and re+*lations o) t1eir or+ani<ation.
Art. $(: 5issolution of % 08on t1e dissol*tion o) s*'1 entities mentioned a3o&e- t1eir 8ro8erties
corporations and ot1er assets s1o*ld 3e dis8osed o) in 8*rs*an'e o) la2 or t1e
'1arter 'reatin+ it.
% I) t1ere is not1in+ in t1e la2- it s1all 3e a88lied )or a similar 8*r8ose )or
t1e 3ene)it o) t1e re+ionI8ro&in'eI'ity it is in.
CI!IM#S"IP A#D DOMICIL
Art. $): &ho are Citi<ens o) t1e P1ili88ines$ "us San#uinis$ Re)ers to
citi;ens of the .. !1ose 21o are 'iti<ens at t1e time o) t1e ado8tion o) t1e P1ili88ine 'iti<ens1i8 3y 3lood. !1is is t1e
Philippines Constit*tion. 'on'e8t )ollo2ed in t1e
2. !1ose 3orn in t1e P1ili88ines- 3e)ore t1e ado8tion o) t1e said 'onstit*tion- P1ili88ines.
Art. $+: 0aturali;ation 2it1 )orei+n 8arents 21o 1a&e 3een ele'ted to 8*3li' o))i'e in t1e P1ili88ines. "us Soli$ Re)ers to 'iti<ens1i8 on
and reac<uisition of ,. !1ose 21ose Fat1ers are Fili8ino t1e 3asis o) t1e 8la'e o) 3irt1
loss citi;enship C. !1ose 21ose mot1ers are Fili8ino and ele't P1ili88ine Citi<ens1i8 21en t1ey
Ac$uisition of Citizenship$ )or a rea'1 t1e a+e o) maGority.
Art. 5,: 5omicile of /. !1ose 21o are nat*rali<ed )orei+ner to 3e a3le to 3e'ome a
natural persons DOMICIL$ Fi:ed 8ermanent resident- a 8la'e 21erein- alt1o*+1 one may 3e a3sent P1ili88ine 'iti<en- a 8ro8er
)rom- one still 1as t1e intention o) ret*rnin+ and remainin+ )or an *nlimited time. 8etition s1all 3e )iled in t1e 8ro8er
!1ere is only one domi'ile. 'o*rt.
% A minor )ollo2s t1e domi'ile o) 1is 8arents
%round for &eac$uisition of C1an+e in Domi'ile$
.. An a't*al remo&al or an a't*al '1an+e or domi'ile Citizenship:
2. A bona fide intention o) a3andonin+ t1e )ormer domi'ile and esta3lis1in+ a ..Fy nat*rali<ation
ne2 one. 2.Re8atriation o) deserters o) t1e
,. A't- 21i'1 'orres8ond 2it1 t1e 8*r8ose (81ysi'al 8resen'e in t1e area- mo&e Army- #a&y or Air Cor8s.
)amily in area- re+ister as a &oter in t1e area- et'.) (Aoman 21o 1as lost 1er
RSID#C$ Indi'ates a 8la'e o) a3ode 21et1er 8ermanent or tem8orary- not 'iti<ens1i8 3y reason o) marria+e
ne'essarily t1e domi'ile. !1ere may 3e more t1an one residen'e. to an alien may 3e re8atriated
a)ter t1e termination o) 1er marital Art. 51: 5omicile of % A1en t1e la2 'reates or re'o+ni<es a G*ridi'al 8erson 3*t doesnJt )i: t1e domi'ile it
-uridical person s1all 3e *nderstood to 3e t1e 8la'e 21ere it 1as le+al re8resentation stat*s)
D. So3re8e9a 9
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
,.Fy dire't a't o) 'on+ress
D. So3re8e9a .0
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
'(E )A*I+ CODE O) '(E P(IIPPI,ES: !oo( e))e't on A*+*st ,- .966 si+ned 3y President Cora<on A4*ino (:e'*ti&e Order 209)
REQUISITES OF MARRIAGE:
Arti'le S*mmary o) Annotation Additional
In)oI:'e8tionsIConne'ted
2it1$
Art. 1: Marriage is a special contract of permanent #at*re o) Marria+e$ @Marria+e as a s8e'ial 'ontra't
union beteen a man and a oman entered into in %Marria+e is one o) t1e >3asi' 'i&il ri+1ts o) man.? !1e 'annot 3e restri'ted 3y
accordance it! t!e la for t!e establis!ment of )reedom to marry 1as 3een re'o+ni<ed as a &ital 8ersonal dis'riminatory 8oli'ies o)
con"ugal and famil# life$ ri+1t to2ards t1e 8*rs*it o) manJs 1a88iness. 8ri&ate indi&id*als or
It is t!e foundation of t!e famil# and an in%iolable social %Still 'onsidered as a s8e'ial 'i&il 'ontra't re+*lated 3y 'or8orations.
institution !ose nature& conse'uences& and incidents la2 d*e to t1e 1i+1 state interest in 8rote'tin+ and
*AI-O&DE& .&IDE$ are go%erned b# la and not sub"ect to stipulation& sa)e+*ardin+ t1e )amily.
e(cept t!at marriage settlements ma# fi( t!e propert# %A 'ontra't to marry- *nli(e ot1er 'ontra'ts- 'annot 3e 'onsidered as a 'riminal
relations during t!e marriage it!in t!e limits pro%ided modi)ied or '1an+ed. On'e it is e:e'*ted a relation is o))ense 3e'a*se marria+e is
b# t!e code$ )ormed 3et2een t1e 8arties t1at 'annot 3e altered. !1e &ested 2it1 8*3li' interest.
la2 ste8s in to 1old or 3ind t1e 8arties to+et1er. (Conne'ted 2it1 t1e Anti%
%A s*3se4*ent marria+e 3et2een t1e ra8ist and ra8ed !ra))i'(in+ A't)
&i'tim e:tin+*is1es t1e 'riminal a'tion or 8enalty o) t1e A'ts 8*nis1ed$
ra8ist. In 'ase o) marital ra8e
2
.. Carry on s*'1 a 3*siness
2. !o ad&ertise t1e 8romotion
Marria+e Stat*s$ Marria+e 'reates a so'ial stat*s- 21i'1 o) s*'1 a'ts.
t1e state is interested in 8rote'tin+. It is a 'ase 21ere a ,. Soli'it or attra't or any
do*3le stat*s is 'reated- in&ol&es and a))e'ts t2o Fili8ino 2oman to 3e'ome a
8ersons. mem3er in a 'l*3 t1at mat'1es
2omen )or marria+e to )orei+n
Marria+e in International La2$ men and 2omen o) )*ll a+e nationals )or a )ee.
2it1o*t any limitation d*e to ra'e- nationality or reli+ion C. 0se t1e 8ostal ser&i'e to
1a&e t1e ri+1t to marry and )o*nd a )amily. 8romote t1e 8ro1i3ited a'ts.
.. 0ni&ersal De'laration o) "*man Ri+1ts
2. International Co&enant on 'onomi'- So'ial and VALIDI!D OF MARRIA;$
C*lt*ral Ri+1ts +o&erned 3y t1e la2 e))e'ti&e
,. International Co&enant on Ci&il and Politi'al Ri+1ts. at t1e time o) t1e 'ele3ration
o) t1e marria+e.
2
Marital ra8e is no2 'onsidered a 'rime 21erein t1e le+al 1*s3and is t1e o))ender and t1e 2i)e is t1e &i'tim. Prior to t1is marital ra8e 2as not 'onsidered a
'rime 3e'a*se it 2as 'onsidered t1e ri+1t o) t1e 1*s3and to 1a&e se:*al inter'o*rse 2it1 1is 2i)e 21ene&er 1e 8leased.
D. So3re8e9a ..
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Constit*tional Prote'tion$ !1e State re'o+ni<es t1e
san'tity o) )amily li)e and s1all 8rote't and stren+t1en it.
!1e state also re'o+ni<es marria+e as an in&iola3le
so'ial instit*tion and t1e )o*ndation o) t1e )amily and
s1all 3e 8rote'ted 3y t1e state.
@ !1e 'onstit*tional 8ro&isions on marria+e 1o2e&er do
#O! mean t1at le+islat*re 'annot ena't a la2 allo2in+
a3sol*te di&or'e. Marria+e is s*3Ge't to t1e 'ontrol o) t1e
le+islat*re 3*t it m*st not 'ontra&ene mandates o)
Constit*tion.
Pro8erty Relations$ Only 8ro8erty relations may 3e )i:ed
and arran+ed in a marria+e settlement 8rior to t1e
marria+e 'eremony. "o2e&er it m*st still )ollo2 t1e
mandatory 8ro&isions o) t1e Family Code.
Art 2: )o marriage s!all be %alid unless t!ese E%A CAPACI'+$ Marryin+ a+e is .6 years old and Se: '1an+e$ 1as not 3een
essential re'uisites are present: a3o&e- t1*s i) one o) t1e 'ontra'tin+ 8arties is 3elo2 .6 s1o2n t1at se: reassi+nment
*$ +egal capacit# of t!e contracting parties !o years o) a+e- t1e marria+e is &oid. s*r+ery 2o*ld allo2 one to
must be a male and female$ % !1ey 'annot 3e related to ea'1 ot1er as 8ro&ided 8rod*'e 1*man 3ein+s.
,$ -onsent freel# gi%en in t!e presence of t!e 3y Art. ,7 and Art. ,6 (in'est*o*s marria+es and
solemni.ing officer t1ose a+ainst 8*3li' 8oli'y). !1o*+1ts to 8onder$ Marria+e
% !1ere s1o*ld 3e no 8re&io*s &alid s*3sistin+ s1o*ld no to 3e enGoyed only
marria+eK ot1er2ise t1e s*3se4*ent marria+e 2ill 3y 1eterose:*al 'o*8les. !1e
3e 3i+amo*s. ri+1t to marry- )o*nd a )amily-
DI))E&E,' SE/$ !1ere s1o*ld 3e a male and a )emale. identity- 8ersonality are all
Marria+e is desira3le d*e to t1e im8ortan'e o) ri+1ts o) 1*man 3ein+s.
8ro'reation 21i'1 is one o) t1e reasons 21y same se:
marria+es are 8ro1i3ited (d*e to t1e im8ossi3ility o) @Parties m*st 3e 8ersonally
re8rod*'tion) 8resent- 8ro:y marria+es is
CO,SE,':
8ro1i3ited in t1e P1ili88ines.
.. M*st 3e )reely +i&en
2. Made in t1e 8resen'e o) t1e solemni<in+ o))i'er
% A3sen'e o) 'onsent ma(es t1e marria+e &oid.
"o2e&er i) t1ere is 'onsent 3*t s*'1 2as
o3tained t1ro*+1 )or'e- )ra*d- *nd*e in)l*en'e-
et' t1en it is only &oida3le.
D. So3re8e9a .2
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. !: T!e formal re'uisites of marriage are:
*$ Aut!orit# of t!e solemni.ing officer
,$ A %alid marriage license e(cept in t!e
cases pro%ided for in -!apter , of t!is title
/$ A marriage ceremon# !ic! ta0es place it!
t!e appearance of t!e contracting parties
before t!e solemni.ing officer and t!eir
personal declaration t!at t!e# ta0e eac!
ot!er as !usband and ife in t!e presence
of not less t!an , itnesses of legal age$
Art. $: T!e absence of an# of t!e essential or
formal re'uisites s!all render t!e marriage %oid ab
initio& e(cept as stated in Article /1 2,3 221en one o)
t1e 'ontra'tin+ 8arties 3elie&ed in +ood )ait1 t1at
t1e solemni<in+ o))i'er 1ad a*t1ority t1en t1e
marria+e is &alid)
A defect in an# of t!e essential re'uisites s!all render
t!e marriage %oidable as pro%ided in Article 41$
An irregularit# in t!e formal re'uisites s!all not affect
t!e %alidit# of t!e marriage but t!e part# or parties
responsible for t!e irregularit# s!all be ci%ill#&
criminall# and administrati%el# liable$
Art. 5: An# male or female of t!e age of eig!teen
#ears or upards not under an# of t!e impediments
mentioned in Articles /5 and /6 2in'est*o*s
marria+es and t1ose a+ainst 8*3li' 8oli'y$3 ma#
contract marriage$
Art. %: )o prescribed form or religious rite for t!e
solemni.ation of t!e marriage is re'uired$ It s!all be
necessar#& !oe%er& for t!e contracting parties to
appear personall# before t!e solemni.ing officer and
declare in t!e presence of not less t!an to itnesses
A0'(O&I'+ O) '(E SOE*I1I,% O))ICE&:
- !1ose en*merated in Arti'le 7- 1e m*st 1a&e t1e
a*t1ority. !1*s a 8riest 21o 1as not rene2ed 1is
li'ense to marry does not 1a&e t1e a*t1ority and
'annot 3e 'onsidered )or marria+e.
- !1e Lo'al ;o&ernment Code (5an. .- .992)
8ro&ides t1at a mayor o) a 'ity or
m*ni'i8ality may no2 solemni<e marria+es.
Chapter 2 'itle 3 of )amily Code: exempt from license
.. Article ,5$ Fot1 8arties are in arti'*lo
mortis marria+e 2ill 3e &alid e&en i) t1e
ailin+ 8arty s*r&i&es.
2. Article ,6$ Residen'e is in a remote 8la'e
In 3ot1 'ases t1e solemni<in+ o))i'er m*st
state in an a))ida&it t1at t1e marria+e 2as
8er)ormed as s*'1 and t1at 1e too( ne'essary
ste8s to as'ertain t1e a+es and t1at t1ere
2ere no le+al im8ediments to t1e marria+e.
3. Article //$ Marria+es amon+ M*slims or et1ni'
'*lt*ral 'omm*nities- as lon+ as 8er)ormed in
a''ordan'e 2it1 t1eir '*stoms- rites- 8ra'ti'es.
4. Arti'le ,C$ Co1a3itation 3y t1e 'o*8le )or / years @
M*slims are +o&erned 3y Code o) M*slim 8ersonal la2s o)
t1e P1ili88ines and not t1e Family 'ode 3*t t1e ot1er
et1ni' +ro*8s m*st 'om8ly 2it1 t1e ot1er re4*isites as
t1ey are +o&erned 3y t1e Family 'ode.
/. Arti'le ,C$ Co1a3itation 3et2een man
and 2oman )or at least / years 2it1 no
le+al im8ediment at time o) marria+e.
4AID *A&&IA%E ICE,SE:
% Lasts )or .20 days )rom t1e date o) iss*e and
e))e'ti&e 2it1in any 8art o) t1e P1ili88ines only.
@Pres*m8tion leans to2ards
t1e le+ality o) t1e marria+e
t1*s t1e a*t1ority o) t1e
o))i'er is 8res*med a3sen'e
t1e s1o2in+ any 8roo) to t1e
'ontrary.
Merely Irre+*larities
in marria+e li'ense$
.. Marria+e li'ense
2as made in a
di))erent 8la'e ot1er
t1an t1eir residen'e.
2. #ame stated t1erein is
di))erent or miss8elled
,. Misre8resentation o)
a+e (3*t 1as to 3e
eman'i8ated=.6
years and a3o&e)
C. #on%dis'los*re o) 8rior
marria+e and di&or'e
/. Falsely stated t1at 1e
or s1e 1ad not 3een
8re&io*sly married.
E. Falsely s2ore t1at
1e or s1e is not
*nder +*ardians1i8.
@ I) t1e 'o*8le 1a&e a &alid
marria+e li'ense 3*t )or+ot
to 3rin+ it t1en marria+e 2ill
3e &alid (3*t i) t1ey donJt
1a&e one and 8ro'*red one
a)ter t1e marria+e 'eremony
t1e marria+e 2ill 3e &oid)
@ Common la2 marria+es-
D. So3re8e9a .,
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
of legal age t!at t!e# ta0e eac! ot!er as !usband and *A&&IA%E CE&E*O,+: 21i'1 are non%'eremonial- are
ife$ T!is declaration s!all be contained in t!e % Family 'ode only re'o+ni<es 'eremonial marria+es 3*t not re'o+ni<ed in t1e
marriage certificate !ic! !all be signed b# t!e t1ere is no 8res'ri3ed )orm o) marria+e 'eremony. P1ili88ines.
contracting parties and t!eir itnesses and attested b# % !1e minim*m re4*irement is t1at t1e 8arties 8ersonally
t!e solemni.ing officer$ a88ear 3e)ore t1e solemni<in+ o))i'er and de'lare t1at
t1ey ta(e ea'1 ot1er in t1e 8resen'e o) at least 2 2itness
In case of marriage in articulo mortis& !en t!e part# is o) le+al a+e.
at t!e point of deat! is unable to sign t!e marriage @ De'laration does not 1a&e to 3e &o'ally e:8ressed
certificate& it s!all be sufficient for one of t!e itnesses may 3e in)erred 3y t1e 2ords *sed- t1e manner t1e
to t!e marriage to rite t!e name of said part#& !ic! 'eremony 2as made- et'. I) a 2eddin+ too( 8la'e t1ere is
fact s!all be attested b# t!e solemni.ing officer$ a 8res*m8tion t1at t1ere 2as an e:'1an+e o) &o2s.
@ !1e a3sen'e o) 2 2itnesses o) le+al a+e is merely an
irre+*larity in t1e 'eremony and does not a))e't t1e
&alidity o) t1e marria+e.
Art. (: Marriage ma# be solemni.ed b#: % !1ere is a need to limit t1e 8ersons 21o 'an @ Sto8o&ers d*rin+ a )li+1t or
*$ An# incumbent member of t!e "udiciar# it!in solemni<e marria+es sin'e marria+e is an &oya+e are still 'onsidered
t!e court7s "urisdiction im8ortant instit*tion t1e state 2ants to sa)e+*ard 8art o) t1e Go*rney.
,$ An# priest& rabbi& imam& or minister of an# and 8rote't.
c!urc! or religious sect dul# aut!ori.ed b# !is % Fe'a*se t1e state is interested in marria+e- it @I) t1e 1ost 'o*ntry allo2s
c!urc! or religious sect and registered it!in 3e'omes a 8arty t1ereto 3y mani)ested in t1e marria+es to 3e solemni<ed 3y
t!e ci%il registrar general& acting it!in t!e 'onsent re4*ired and +ranted to limited n*m3er 'ons*ls t1en e&en i) 3et2een a
limits of t!e ritten aut!orit# granted !im b# !is o) o))i'ers. Fili8ino and non%Fili8ino- t1e
c!urc! or religious sect and pro%ided t!at at 50D;S$ t1ey 'an only solemni<e marria+es 2it1in t1eir marria+e 2ill still 3e &alid in
least one of t!e contracting parties belongs to G*risdi'tion and t1ey m*st 3e in'*m3ent. a''ordan'e 2it1 Art. 2E- 21i'1
t!e solemni.ing officers c!urc! or religious Co*rt o) !a: A88eals- Sandi+an3ayan- Co*rt o) A88eals- re'o+ni<es international
sect S*8reme Co*rt$ #ational G*risdi'tion 'omity.
/$ An# s!ip captain or airplane c!ief in cases A3sen'e o) G*risdi'tion 2o*ld mean t1e a3sen'e
mentioned in Article /* o) t1e a*t1ority o) t1e solemni<in+ o))i'er and
%OOD )AI'( O) PA&'IES: i) 4$ An# militar# commander of a unit to !ic! a t1*s t1e marria+e 2ill 3e n*ll and &oid.
c!aplain is assigned& in t!e absence of t!e PRIS!IMI#IS!R OF A C"0RC" OR RLI;IO0S t1e 8erson 21o solemni<ed
latter& during a militar# operation& li0eise onl# SC!$ 1e s1o*ld 3e a*t1ori<ed 3y t1e '1*r'1 to do so- t1e marria+e did not le+ally
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in t!e cases mentioned in Article /, or 1e m*st 3e re+istered 2it1 t1e 'i&il re+istry- and at least 1a&e t1e a*t1ority to
1$ An# consul8general& consul or %ice consul in one o) t1e 'ontra'tin+ 8arties 3elon+s to 1is or 1er solemni<e a marria+e- i) 3ot1
t!e case pro%ided in Article *9$ '1*r'1. or one o) t1e 'ontra'tin+
S"IP CAP!IA#IPILO!$ one o) t1e 8arties m*st 3e at t1e 8arties 3elie&ed t1at s*'1 a
8oint o) deat1- t1e marria+e m*st 3e 3et2een t1e 8erson did 1a&e t1e a*t1ority
8assen+ers or 're2mem3ers- and t1e s1i8 or 8lane m*st t1e marria+e 2ill 3e &alid.
3e at sea or in )li+1t. :. A 8riest did not rene2 1is
An assistant 8ilot 1as no a*t1ority to solemni<e li'ense to marry t1ere)ore
marria+es e&en i) t1e main 8ilot dies. does not 1a&e t1e a*t1ority to
MILI!ARD COMMA#DR$ "e or s1e s1o*ld 3e a military marry. I) one o) t1e 'ontra'tin+
'ommander o) a *nit- 1e or s1e m*st 3e a 'ommissioned 8arties (ne2 o) t1is 3*t t1e
o))i'er (1is ran( s1o*ld start )rom se'ond lie*tenant)- a ot1er did not t1e marria+e is
'1a8lain s1o*ld 1a&e 3een assi+ned to t1e *nit and s*'1 still &alid.
'1a8lain is a3sent- t1e 'ontra'tin+ 8arties m*st also 3e in
"OAVR- t1ey m*st 3e one arti'*lo mortis eit1er mem3ers o) t1e military o8eration or
'i&ilians- m*st 3e 2it1in military <one (t1ere s1o*ld 3e o) t1e 8eo8le 21o 'an 3e
2ides8read military a'ti&ity not merely 8ra'ti'e). a*t1ori<ed i) t1ey are not t1e
CO#S0L%;#RAL- CO#S0L- OR VIC CO#S0L$ marria+e 2ill 3e &oid
t1ey 'an only solemni<e marria+es a3road 21en 3ot1 t1e (i+noran'e o) t1e la2 e:'*ses
'ontra'tin+ 8arties are Fili8ino. no one)
@ !1ey also 8er)orm t1e d*ties o) a lo'al 'i&il re+istrar :. A 'o*8le +oes to a Ganitor
(li(e iss*in+ t1e li'ense et'.) to +et married. &en i) 3ot1
@ #o matter 21ere t1ey are t1e solemnities and 8arties are in +ood )ait1 in
re4*irements mandated 3y P1ili88ine La2 s1all 3e t1in(in+ t1at a Ganitor 'an
o3ser&ed. solemni<e a marria+e t1ey
MADOR$ P*rs*ant to t1e Lo'al ;o&ernment Code- t1e s1o*ld (no2 21o 3y la2 are
mayor o) a 'ity or m*ni'i8ality 'an no2 solemni<e a*t1ori<ed to.
marria+es.
@ A1en t1e mayor 'annot 8er)orm 1is d*ties- t1e a'tin+
mayor 1as t1e a*t1ority to solemni<e marria+es.
Art. ): T!e marriage s!all be solemni.ed publicl# in t!e % #ot mandatory 3*t dire'tory in nat*re.
c!ambers of t!e "udge or in open court in t!e c!urc!& % Its non%'om8lian'e 2ill not ma(e t1e marria+e
c!apel or temple& or in t!e office of t!e consul8general& &oid 3*t 2ill only 'a*se 'i&il- 'riminal- or
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consul or %ice8consul& as t!e case ma# be& and not administrati&e lia3ility.
else!ere& e(cept in t!e cases of marriages contracted :'e8tions to &en*e stated$
at t!e point of deat! or in remote places in accordance .. A1en t1e marria+e is in arti'*lo mortis
it! Article ,: of t!is -ode& or !ere bot! of t!e parties 2. A1en t1e marria+e is in a remote 8la'e
re'uest t!e solemni.ing officer in riting in !ic! case (trans8ortation et'. is di))i'*lt to 'ome 3y)
t!e marriage ma# be solemni.ed at a !ouse or place ,. A1en re4*ested 3y 3ot1 8arties in 2ritin+.
designated b# t!em in a sorn statement to t!at effect$
Art. +: A marriage license s!all be issued b# t!e local % !1e marria+e li'ense s1o*ld 3e 8ro'*red )rom t1e 'i&il
ci%il registrar of t!e cit# or municipalit# !ere eit!er re+istrar o) t1e 'ity or m*ni'i8ality 21ere eit1er o) t1em
contracting part# !abituall# resides& e(cept in resides. "o2e&er i) t1ey o3tain it )rom anot1er 8la'e it is
marriages !ere no license is re'uired in accordance merely an irre+*larity and does not a))e't t1e &alidity o)
it! -!apter , of t!is Title$ t1e marria+e.
Art. 1,: Marriages beteen Filipino citi.ens abroad % !1e 'ons*lar o))i'ials a3sor3 t1e d*ties o) t1e
ma# be solemni.ed b# a consul8general& consul or %ice lo'al 'i&il re+istrar and t1e solemni<in+ o))i'er
consul of t!e Republic of t!e ;!ilippines$ 21en Fili8inos 2is1 to 3e married a3road.
T!e issuance of t!e marriage license and t!e duties of % !1e 'eremony and re4*irements s1o*ld 3e in
t!e local ci%il registrar and of t!e solemni.ing officer a''ordan'e 2it1 P1ili88ine la2.
it! regard to t!e celebration of marriage s!all be
performed b# said consular official$
Art. ..$ A1ere a marria+e li'ense is re4*ired- ea'1 o) % Statin+ all rele&ant )a'ts needed in order to
t1e 'ontra'tin+ 8arties s1all )ile se8arately a s2orn determine le+al 'a8a'ity to marry and t1e
a88li'ation )or s*'1 li'ense 2it1 t1e 8ro8er lo'al 'i&il eli+i3ility o) t1e 8arties.
re+istrar 21i'1 s1all s8e'i)y t1e )ollo2in+$ % Main 8*r8ose is to dis'o*ra+e de'e8tion- and
.. F*ll name o) t1e 'ontra'tin+ 8arties relie&e )rom do*3t t1e stat*s o) 8arties 21o li&e
2. Pla'e o) 3irt1 to+et1er.
,. A+e and date o) 3irt1 % Pro&ides e&iden'e o) t1e stat*s and le+itima'y o)
C. Ci&il Stat*s o))s8rin+.
/. I) 8re&io*sly married- 1o2- 21en and 21ere t1e MARRIA; APPLICA!IO#$ t1e 'i&il re+istrar 1as to
8re&io*s marria+e 2as dissol&ed or ann*lled 8ro'ess and iss*e a marria+e li'ense. &en i) t1e 'i&il
E. Present residen'e and 'iti<ens1i8 re+istrar (no2s o) a le+al im8ediment 1e 'annot
7. De+ree o) relations1i8 o) t1e 'ontra'tin+ 8arties dis'ontin*e *nless sto88ed 3y t1e 'o*rt. (!1is is to
6. F*ll name- residen'e and 'iti<ens1i8 o) t1e 8re&ent 3ri3ery and a3*se 3y t1e 'i&il re+istrar)
)at1er
9. F*ll name- residen'e and 'iti<ens1i8 o) t1e
mot1er
.0. F*ll name- residen'e and 'iti<ens1i8 o) t1e
+*ardian or 8erson 1a&in+ '1ar+e- in 'ase t1e
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'ontra'tin+ 8arties 1as neit1er )at1er nor
mot1er and is *nder t1e a+e o) t2enty one
years.
!1e a88li'ants- t1eir 8arents or +*ardians s1all not 3e
re4*ired to e:1i3it t1eir residen'e 'erti)i'ate in any
)ormality in 'onne'tion 2it1 t1e se'*rin+ o) t1e
marria+e li'ense.
Art. 12: T!e local ci%il registrar& upon recei%ing suc! application& s!all re'uire t!e presentation of t!e original birt! % man'i8ation is o3tained at
certificates or& in default t!ereof& t!e baptismal certificates of t!e contracting parties or copies of suc! documents .6K marria+e no lon+er
dul# attested b# t!e persons !a%ing custod# of t!e originals$ T!ese certificates or certified copies of t!e documents eman'i8ates a '1ild 3e'a*se
b# t!is Article need not be sorn to and s!all be e(empt from t!e documentar# stamp ta($ T!e signature and official t1ey m*st 3e .6 years o) a+e
title of t!e person issuing t!e certificate s!all be sufficient proof of its aut!enticit#$ to marry.
% Contra'tin+ 8arties .6 years
If eit!er of t!e contracting parties is unable to produce !is birt! or baptismal certificate or a certified cop# of eit!er old and a3o&e 3*t FLOA 2.
because of t!e destruction or loss of t!e original or if it is s!on b# an affida%it of suc! part# or of an# ot!er person years o) a+e m*st o3tain t1e
t!at suc! birt! or baptismal certificate !as not #et been recei%ed t!oug! t!e same !as been re'uired of t!e person 'onsent o) t1eir )at1er- mot1er-
!a%ing custod# t!ereof at least fifteen da#s prior to t!e date of t!e application& suc! part# ma# furnis! in lieu t!ereof s*r&i&in+ 8arent- or +*ardian in
!is current residence certificate or an instrument dran up and sorn to before t!e local ci%il registrar concerned or t1e order mentioned. (#on%
an# public official aut!ori.ed to administer oat!s$ Suc! instrument s!all contain t!e sorn declaration of to 'om8lian'e ma(es t1e
itnesses of laful age& setting fort! t!e full name& residence and citi.ens!ip of suc! contracting part# and of !is or marria+e ann*lla3le)
!er parents& if 0non& and t!e place and date of birt! of suc! part#$ T!e nearest of 0in of t!e contracting parties
s!all be preferred as itnesses& or& in t!eir default& persons of good reputation in t!e pro%ince or t!e localit#$
T!e presentation of birt! or baptismal certificate s!all not be re'uired if t!e parents of t!e contracting parties appear
personall# before t!e local ci%il registrar concerned and sear to t!e correctness of t!e laful age of said parties&
as stated in t!e application& or !en t!e local ci%il registrar s!all& b# merel# loo0ing at t!e applicants upon t!eir
personall# appearing before !im& be con%inced t!at eit!er or bot! of t!em !a%e t!e re'uired age$
Art. 1!$ In case eit!er of t!e contracting parties !as been pre%iousl# married& t!e applicant s!all be re'uired to
furnis!& instead of t!e birt! or baptismal certificate re'uired in t!e last preceding article& t!e deat! certificate of t!e
deceased spouse or t!e "udicial decree of t!e absolute di%orce& or t!e "udicial decree of annulment or declaration of
nullit# of !is or !er pre%ious marriage$
In case t!e deat! certificate cannot be secured& t!e part# s!all ma0e an affida%it setting fort! t!is circumstance and
!is or !er actual ci%il status and t!e name and date of deat! of t!e deceased spouse$
Art. 1$. In case eit!er or bot! of t!e contracting parties& not !a%ing been emancipated b# a pre%ious marriage& are
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Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
beteen t!e ages of eig!teen and tent#8one& t!e# s!all& in addition to t!e re'uirements of t!e preceding articles&
e(!ibit to t!e local ci%il registrar& t!e consent to t!eir marriage of t!eir fat!er& mot!er& sur%i%ing parent or guardian&
or persons !a%ing legal c!arge of t!em& in t!e order mentioned$ Suc! consent s!all be manifested in riting b# t!e
interested part#& !o personall# appears before t!e proper local ci%il registrar& or in t!e form of an affida%it made in
t!e presence of to itnesses and attested before an# official aut!ori.ed b# la to administer oat!s$ T!e personal
manifestation s!all be recorded in bot! applications for marriage license& and t!e affida%it& if one is e(ecuted
instead& s!all be attac!ed to said applications$
Art. 15: An# contracting part# beteen t!e age of tent#8one and tent#8fi%e s!all be obliged to as0 t!eir parents % A3sen'e o) 8arental ad&i'e
or guardian for ad%ice upon t!e intended marriage$ If t!e# do not obtain suc! ad%ice& or if it be unfa%orable& t!e does not a))e't t1e marria+e.
marriage license s!all not be issued till after t!ree mont!s folloing t!e completion of t!e publication of t!e % Only delays t1e iss*an'e o)
application t!erefore$ A sorn statement b# t!e contracting parties to t!e effect t!at suc! ad%ice !as been soug!t& t1e marria+e li'ense )or ,
toget!er it! t!e ritten ad%ice gi%en& if an#& s!all be attac!ed to t!e application for marriage license$ S!ould t!e mont1s 3*t a)ter , mont1s t1e
parents or guardian refuse to gi%e an# ad%ice& t!is fact s!all be stated in t!e sorn statement$ li'ense m*st 3e iss*ed.
Art. 1%$ In t!e cases !ere parental consent or parental ad%ice is needed& t!e part# or parties concerned s!all& in
addition to t!e re'uirements of t!e preceding articles& attac! a certificate issued b# a priest& imam or minister
aut!ori.ed to solemni.e marriage under Article 5 of t!is -ode or a marriage counselor dul# accredited b# t!e proper
go%ernment agenc# to t!e effect t!at t!e contracting parties !a%e undergone marriage counseling$ Failure to attac!
said certificates of marriage counseling s!all suspend t!e issuance of t!e marriage license for a period of t!ree
mont!s from t!e completion of t!e publication of t!e application$ Issuance of t!e marriage license it!in t!e
pro!ibited period s!all sub"ect t!e issuing officer to administrati%e sanctions but s!all not affect t!e %alidit# of t!e
marriage$
S!ould onl# one of t!e contracting parties need parental consent or parental ad%ice& t!e ot!er part# must be
present at t!e counseling referred to in t!e preceding paragrap!
Art5 36: !1e lo'al 'i&il re+istrar s1all 8re8are a noti'e- % It is t1e d*ty o) t1e 'i&il re+istrar to 8ost a noti'e %
21i'1 s1all 'ontain t1e )*ll names and residen'es o) t1e in)ormin+ t1e 8*3li' o) t1e im8endin+ marria+e. !1e
a88li'ants )or a marria+e li'ense and ot1er data +i&en in 8*r8ose o) 21i'1 is so t1at 8ersons 1a&in+ (no2led+e
t1e a88li'ations. !1e noti'e s1all 3e 8osted )or ten o) any im8ediment to t1e marria+e 'an in)orm t1e lo'al
'onse'*ti&e days on a 3*lletin 3oard o*tside t1e o))i'e o) 'i&il re+istrar.
t1e lo'al 'i&il re+istrar lo'ated in a 'ons8i'*o*s 8la'e % It is to 3e 8osted )or .0 'onse'*ti&e days on a 3*lletin
2it1in t1e 3*ildin+ and a''essi3le to t1e +eneral 8*3li'. 3oard o*tside t1e o))i'e
!1is noti'e s1all re4*est all 8ersons 1a&in+ (no2led+e % !1e 'i&il re+istrar s1all 3e iss*ed a)ter t1e 8eriod o)
o) any im8ediment to t1e marria+e to ad&ise t1e lo'al 8*3li'ation.
'i&il re+istrar t1ereo). !1e marria+e li'ense s1all 3e
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iss*ed a)ter t1e 'om8letion o) t1e 8eriod o) 8*3li'ation.
Art. 1): In case of an# impediment 0non to t!e local % I) an im8ediment is made (no2n to t1e 'i&il re+istrar 1e NCP!IO#S$
ci%il registrar or broug!t to !is attention& !e s!all note s1all merely note it do2n 3*t 1e m*st nonet1eless iss*e .. !1e 'o*rts dire't 'i&il
don t!e particulars t!ereof and !is findings t!ereon in t1e li'ense. !1is is 3e'a*se t1e im8ediments may not re+istry to re)*se
t!e application for marriage license& but s!all 3e &alid at all. +i&in+ o*t t1e li'ense
nonet!eless issue said license after t!e completion of 2. A1en t1e re4*ited
t!e period of publication& unless ordered ot!erise b# a % !1e 8*r8ose o) 21i'1 is to 8re&ent +ra)t and 'orr*8tion 'erti)i'ate o) le+al
competent court at !is on instance or t!at of an# on t1e 8art o) t1e 'i&il re+istry. 'a8a'ity o) )orei+ners
interest part#$ )o filing fee s!all be c!arged for t!e
% I) t1e marria+e li'ense 2as iss*ed des8ite 'o*rt
is not +i&en (Art. 2.)
petition nor a corresponding bond re'uired for t!e
issuances of t!e order$ inter&ention- t1e marria+e 2ill still 3e &alid 3*t t1e 8arties
Art. 1+. T!e local ci%il registrar s!all re'uire t!e
res8onsi3le may 3e 'riminally or administrati&ely lia3le.
pa#ment of t!e fees prescribed b# la or regulations
before t!e issuance of t!e marriage license$ )o ot!er
sum s!all be collected in t!e nature of a fee or ta( of
an# 0ind for t!e issuance of said license$ It s!all&
!oe%er& be issued free of c!arge to indigent parties&
t!at is t!ose !o !a%e no %isible means of income or
!ose income is insufficient for t!eir subsistence a fact
establis!ed b# t!eir affida%it& or b# t!eir oat! before t!e
local ci%il registrar$
Art. 2,: T!e license s!all be %alid in an# part of t!e % !1e marria+e li'ense is only &alid 2it1in t1e
;!ilippines for a period of one !undred tent# da#s from P1ili88ines and not a3road.
t!e date of issue& and s!all be deemed automaticall# % It is +ood )or .20 days )rom t1e date o) iss*e.
canceled at t!e e(piration of t!e said period if t!e
contracting parties !a%e not made use of it$ T!e e(pir#
date s!all be stamped in bold c!aracters on t!e face of
e%er# license issued
Art. 21: <!en eit!er or bot! of t!e contracting parties % A 'erti)i'ate o) le+al 'a8a'ity is meant to s1o2 @ !1e 'i&il re+istry 'annot
are citi.ens of a foreign countr#& it s!all be necessar# for t1at a )orei+ner is 'a8a'itated to marry in 1is or iss*e a li'ense 2it1o*t t1e
t!em before a marriage license can be obtained& to 1er 'o*ntry. !1e P1ili88ines ad1eres to t1e 'erti)i'ate o) le+al 'a8a'ity
submit a certificate of legal capacit# to contract national la2 o) t1e 'ontra'tin+ 8arties 2it1 1o2e&er i) t1e 'i&il re+istry
D. So3re8e9a .9
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
marriage& issued b# t!eir respecti%e diplomatic or res8e't to t1eir le+al 'a8a'ity to 'ontra't does iss*e t1e marria+e 2ill
consular officials$ marria+e. still 3e &alid.
:. In t1e 0S .E years old is t1e a+e 21en one 'an
Stateless persons or refugees from ot!er countries 'ontra't marria+e. A .E%year%old 0S 'iti<en may
s!all& in lieu of t!e certificate of legal capacit# !erein 'ontra't marria+e in t1e P1ili88ines 8ro&ided t1at 1e
re'uired& submit an affida%it stating t!e circumstances +i&es a 'erti)i'ate )rom 1is em3assy statin+ t1at .E
s!oing suc! capacit# to contract marriage$ years old is t1e le+al a+e to marry.
% I) 3ot1 are 'iti<ens o) a )orei+n 'o*ntry and t1ey are
married in t1eir em3assy t1ere is no need to )ollo2 t1e
re4*irement o) marria+e in t1e P1ili88ines- only t1ose o)
t1eir 'o*ntry.
%I) one is a )orei+ner and one is a Fili8ino e&en i) t1ey
marry in t1e 'ons*l o) t1e )orei+ner t1e 'erti)i'ate o)
le+al 'a8a'ity and a marria+e li'ense is still ne'essary.
Art. 22$ T!e marriage certificate& in !ic! t!e parties s!all declare t!at t!e# ta0e eac! ot!er as !usband and ife& @Pres*m8tion is al2ays in t1e
s!all also state: &alidity o) marria+e.
*$ T!e full name& se( and age of eac! contracting part#
Proo)s o) marria+e$ ,$ T!eir citi.ens!ip& religion and !abitual residence
/$ T!e date and precise time of t!e celebration of t!e marriage .. Marria+e 'ontra't or
4$ T!at t!e proper marriage license !as been issued according to la& e(cept in marriage pro%ided for in -!apter 'erti)i'ate
, of t!is Title 2. P1oto'o8ies o) t1e
1$ T!at eit!er or bot! of t!e contracting parties !a%e secured t!e parental consent in appropriate cases 'erti)i'ate or 'ontra't
=$ T!at eit!er or bot! of t!e contracting parties !a%e complied it! t!e legal re'uirement regarding parental )rom t1e lo'al 'i&il
ad%ice in appropriate cases and re+istry
5$ T!at t!e parties !a%e entered into marriage settlement& if an#& attac!ing a cop# t!ereof$ ,. Family 3i3le
C. Fa8tismal- 3irt1
Art. 2!$ It s!all be t!e dut# of t!e person solemni.ing t!e marriage to furnis! eit!er of t!e contracting parties t!e 'erti)i'ates o) (ids
original of t!e marriage certificate referred to in Article = and to send t!e duplicate and triplicate copies of t!e /. 5*di'ial de'isions
certificate not later t!an fifteen da#s after t!e marriage& to t!e local ci%il registrar of t!e place !ere t!e marriage E. !estimonies o)
as solemni.ed$ ;roper receipts s!all be issued b# t!e local ci%il registrar to t!e solemni.ing officer transmitting 8arties- 2itness-
copies of t!e marriage certificate$ T!e solemni.ing officer s!all retain in !is file t!e 'uadruplicate cop# of t!e solemni<in+ o))i'ers
marriage certificate& t!e cop# of t!e marriage certificate& t!e original of t!e marriage license and& in proper cases& 7. Co1a3itation and
t!e affida%it of t!e contracting part# regarding t!e solemni.ation of t!e marriage in place ot!er t!an t!ose 'ond*'t
D. So3re8e9a 20
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
mentioned in Article 6$ 6. Statement in a 2ill
@ A 'erti)i'ate o) marria+e
made years a)ter t1e marria+e
is inadmissi3le as e&iden'e.
Art. 2$: It s!all be t!e dut# of t!e local ci%il registrar to % !1e lo'al 'i&il re+istrar is t1e +o&ernment o))i'ial
prepare t!e documents re'uired b# t!is Title& and to '1ar+ed 2it1 t1e 8re8aration and t1e (ee8in+ o) all t1e
administer oat!s to all interested parties it!out an# o))i'ial do'*ments.
c!arge in bot! cases$ T!e documents and affida%its filed
in connection it! applications for marriage licenses
s!all be e(empt from documentar# stamp ta($
Art. 25. T!e local ci%il registrar concerned s!all enter all
applications for marriage licenses filed it! !im in a
registr# boo0 strictl# in t!e order in !ic! t!e same are
recei%ed$ >e s!all record in said boo0 t!e names of t!e
applicants& t!e date on !ic! t!e marriage license as
issued& and suc! ot!er data as ma# be necessar#
Art. 2%. All marriages solemni.ed outside t!e % Art. 2E re)ers to )ormal re4*isites only- 1o2e&er NCP!IO#S to international
;!ilippines& in accordance it! t!e las in force in t!e t1e marria+e m*st still 3e solemni<ed. 'omity$
countr# !ere t!e# ere solemni.ed& and %alid t!ere as % Marria+es t1at are solemni<ed a3road and are %it1er or 3ot1 'ontra'tin+
suc!& s!all also be %alid in t!is countr#& e(cept t!ose re'o+ni<ed as &alid t1ere 2ill also 3e 8arties are Fili8inos and 3elo2
pro!ibited under Articles /1 2*3& 243& 213 and 2=3& /=/5 re'o+ni<ed as &alid 1ere (international 'omity) .6 years o) a+e
and /6$ 2*5a3 :. I) in Vietnam a do'tor is a*t1ori<ed to solemni<e a %Poly+amo*s and 3i+amo*s
marria+e and a Fili8ino 'o*8le +ets married in Vietnam marria+es re'o+ni<ed a3road
<!ere a marriage beteen a Filipino citi.en and a 3y a do'tor s*'1 marria+e 2ill 3e 'onsidered &alid in t1e 2ill not 3e &alid 1ere.
foreigner is %alidl# celebrated and a di%orce is t!ereafter P1ili88ines. %Marria+e a3road 21ere t1ere
%alidl# obtained abroad b# t!e alien spouse capacitating is mista(e o) identity o) t1e
!im or !er to remarr#& t!e Filipino spouse s!all !a%e PROOF OF FORI;# MARRIA;$ ne'essary to 8ro&e ot1er 'ontra'tin+ 8arty is not
capacit# to remarr# under ;!ilippine la$ t1e )orei+n la2 and t1en 8ro&e t1e 'ele3ration o) re'o+ni<ed 1ere.
marria+e. I) t1e la2 o) t1e ot1er state is not 8leaded nor %Marria+e 3y a Fili8ino to one
8ro&ed t1e la2s o) t1e P1ili88ines 2ill 3e 8res*med to 21o is 8sy'1olo+i'ally
3e similar to t1at o) )orei+n la2s. in'a8a'itated is not &alid 1ere
%Marria+es t1at are in'est*o*s
RMMFR !" LAAS$ are not &alid 1ere e&en i)
AR!. ./$ la2s relatin+ to )amily ri+1ts and d*ties- or to 'ele3rated a3road and &alid
t1e stat*s- 'onditions and le+al 'a8a'ity o) 8ersons are t1ere. (Art. ,7)
3indin+ *8on 'iti<ens o) t1e P1ili88ines e&en li&in+ %Marria+es a+ainst 8*3li'
D. So3re8e9a 2.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
a3road. 8oli'y are not &alid 1ere eit1er
(Art. ,6)
AR!. .7$ 8ro1i3iti&e la2s 'on'ernin+ 8ersons- t1eir a'ts %Common la2 marria+es are
or 8ro8erty and t1ose 21i'1 1a&e )or t1eir o3Ge't 8*3li' not re'o+ni<ed 1ere- t1e
order- 8*3li' 8oli'y and +ood '*stoms s1all not 3e marria+e m*st still 3e
rendered ine))e'ti&e 3y la2s or G*d+ments 8rom*l+ated- solemni<ed and not
or 3y determinations or 'on&entions a+reed *8on in a 'ontra'ted.
)orei+n 'o*ntry %Same se: marria+es 3et2een
Fili8inos are not &alid e&en i)
AFSOL0! DIVORC$ done a3road.
A3sol*te di&or'e is not re'o+ni<ed in t1e P1ili88inesK
e&en i) t1e 'o*8le 2as married a3road t1e di&or'e 2ill @ I) a Fili8ino 'ontra'ts a
not 3e re'o+ni<ed 1ere i) one o) t1em is a Fili8ino. !1e )orei+n marria+e 21i'1 is n*ll
di&or'e may 3e re'o+ni<ed in t1e )orei+n 'o*ntry 21ere and &oid *nder t1e la2s o) t1e
it 2as o3tained 3*t not in t1e P1ili88ines. F*t t1e state 21ere it 1as 3een
di&or'e o) a )orei+n 'iti<en a3road is re'o+ni<ed in t1e solemni<ed t1en s*'1
P1ili88ines as t1e P1ili88ines re'o+ni<es le+al 'a8a'ity marria+e 2ill li(e2ise 3e n*ll
o) a )orei+n 8erson. and &oid in t1e P1ili88ines.
@I) a Fili8ino '1an+es 'iti<ens1i8 t1en 1e 'an +et a
di&or'e and i) 1e rea'4*ires 1is Fili8ino 'iti<ens1i8 @I) a marria+e 'ele3rated
a)ter t1at t1e di&or'e 2ill still 1old. a3road is in&alid in t1at
% I) a Fili8ina marries a )orei+ner and t1e )orei+ner 'o*ntry 3*t 'onsidered &alid in
o3tains a di&or'e- t1e Fili8ina 'an marry. t1e P1ili88ines- t1e marria+e
% I) t1e Fili8ina o3tains a di&or'e alt1o*+1 not 2ill still 3e in&alid. !1e la2
re'o+ni<ed in t1e P1ili88ines- it 2ill 3e 21ere t1e marria+e 1as 3een
re'o+ni<ed a+ainst t1e )orei+ner and t1*s t1e solemni<ed s1all a88ly.
)orei+ner 2ill not 1a&e le+al standin+ to s*e )or
ad*ltery or 'laim )or 8ro8erty a)ter t1e di&or'e.
MARRIA;S NMP! FROM LIC#S RL0IRM#!
Art. 2(: In case eit!er or bot! of t!e contracting parties % Solemni<in+ o))i'ers and t1e mayor are
are at t!e point of deat!& t!e marriage ma# be em8o2ered to solemni<e marria+es e&en
solemni.ed it!out necessit# of a marriage license and 2it1o*t a marria+e li'ense i) eit1er or 3ot1 o) t1e
s!all remain %alid e%en if t!e ailing part# subse'uentl# 'ontra'tin+ 8arties are at t1e 8oint o) deat1.
sur%i%es$ % &en i) t1e ailin+ 8arty s*r&i&es a)ter t1e
marria+e- t1e marria+e 2ill still 3e &alid.
Art. 2). If t!e residence of eit!er part# is so located t!at % !1is en&isions a sit*ation 21erein t1e residen'e o)
D. So3re8e9a 22
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
t!ere is no means of transportation to enable suc! part# eit1er 8arty is so lo'ated t1at t1ere is no means o)
to appear personall# before t!e local ci%il registrar& t!e trans8ortation to ena3le s*'1 8arty to a88ear 8ersonally
marriage ma# be solemni.ed it!out necessit# of a 3e)ore t1e lo'al 'i&il re+istrar- t1e marria+e may 3e
marriage license. solemni<e 2it1o*t a marria+e li'ense.
Art. 2+: In t!e cases pro%ided for in t!e to preceding % !1e solemni<in+ o))i'er 1ere are t1ose
articles& t!e solemni.ing officer s!all state in an affida%it a*t1ori<ed to solemni<e *nder Arti'le 7 and t1e
e(ecuted before t!e local ci%il registrar or an# ot!er mayor 8ro&ided t1at t1ey solemni<e t1e
person legall# aut!ori.ed to administer oat!s t!at t!e marria+e 2it1in t1eir G*risdi'tion and 2it1in t1e
marriage as performed in articulo mortis or t!at t!e a*t1ority +i&en to t1em.
residence of eit!er part#& specif#ing t!e barrio or
baranga#& is so located t!at t!ere is no means of
transportation to enable suc! part# to appear personall#
before t!e local ci%il registrar and t!at t!e officer too0
t!e necessar# steps to ascertain t!e ages and
relations!ip of t!e contracting parties and t!e absence
of legal impediment to t!e marriage$
Art. !,: T!e original of t!e affida%it re'uired in t!e last
preceding article& toget!er it! t!e legible cop# of t!e
marriage contract& s!all be sent b# t!e person
solemni.ing t!e marriage to t!e local ci%il registrar of t!e
municipalit# !ere it as performed it!in t!e period of
t!irt# da#s after t!e performance of t!e marriage$
Art. !1: A marriage in articulo mortis beteen % A 8ilot or s1i8 'a8tain may solemni<e only @ I) somet1in+ 1a88ens to t1e
passengers or cre members ma# also be solemni.ed marria+es at t1e 8oint o) deat1 21ile t1e 8lane main or 8rin'i8al 8ilot t1e
b# a s!ip captain or b# an airplane pilot not onl# !ile is in )li+1t or t1e s1i8 is at sea e&en d*rin+ se'ond in 'ommand 'annot
t!e s!ip is at sea or t!e plane is in flig!t& but also during sto8o&ers (it is still 'onsidered 8art o) t1e solemni<e marria+es. (!1ey
stopo%ers at ports of call$ )li+1tI&oya+e). are not a*t1ori<ed to 3y la2)
% !1ey 'an only solemni<e marria+es 3et2een
t1eir 8assen+ers and 're2 mem3ers
Art. !2: A militar# commander of a unit& !o is a % !1e military 'ommander m*st 3e a
commissioned officer& s!all li0eise !a%e aut!orit# to 'ommissioned o))i'er (1isI1er ran( s1o*ld start
solemni.e marriages in articulo mortis beteen persons )rom 2
nd
lie*tenant- ensi+n and a3o&e)
it!in t!e .one of militar# operation& !et!er members % "e s1o*ld 3e a 'ommander o) a *nit.
of t!e armed forces or ci%ilians$ % !1ere s1o*ld 3e a '1a8lain assi+ned to t1e *nit
% !1e marria+e s1o*ld 3e at t1e 8oint o) deat1
and in t1e a3sen'e o) t1e '1a8lain assi+ned
D. So3re8e9a 2,
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
% !1e marria+e m*st 3e solemni<ed 2it1in t1e
<one o) military o8erations.
% !1e 'ontra'tin+ 8arties may eit1er 3e mem3er
o) t1e armed )or'es or 'i&ilians.
Art. !!: Marriages among Muslims or among members % Marria+es 3et2een 8arties t1at 3elon+ to et1ni'
of t!e et!nic cultural communities ma# be performed +ro*8s- 8a+ans or M*slims are e:em8t only
%alidl# it!out t!e necessit# of marriage license& )rom 8ro'*rin+ a marria+e li'ense. !1e marria+e
pro%ided t!e# are solemni.ed in accordance it! t!eir m*st still 3e solemni<ed in a''ordan'e 2it1
customs& rites or practices$ t1eir '*stoms- rites and 8ra'ti'es.
% M*slims are +o&erned 3y t1e Code o) M*slim
Personal La2s o) t1e P1ili88ines t1*s t1ey are
not +o&erned 3y t1e Family Code *nli(e ot1er
et1ni' +ro*8s 21o do not 1a&e se8arate la2s.
Art. !$: )o license s!all be necessar# for t!e marriage % Persons 'o1a3itin+ )or at least / years li&in+ @!1e solemni<in+ o))i'er s1all
of a man and a oman !o !a%e li%ed toget!er as to+et1er as 1*s3and and 2i)e are e:em8t )rom also state *nder oat1 t1at 1e
!usband and ife for at least fi%e #ears and it!out an# o3tainin+ a marria+e li'ense. as'ertained t1e 4*ali)i'ations
legal impediment to marr# eac! ot!er$ T!e contracting % At t1e time o) marria+e- t1ey s1o*ld 3e 2it1o*t o) t1e 8arties and t1at 1e
parties s!all state t!e foregoing facts in an affida%it any le+al im8ediment to marry ea'1 ot1er. !1*s )o*nd no le+al im8ediment.
before an# person aut!ori.ed b# la to administer d*rin+ t1e / year 8eriod- it is not ne'essary t1at !1e )a't t1at t1e o))i'er to
oat!s$ T!e solemni.ing officer s!all also state under t1ere is no le+al im8ediment it is only ne'essary in&esti+ate s1all not in&alidate
oat! t!at !e ascertained t!e 'ualifications of t!e at t1e time o) marria+e t1at t1ere is none. t1e marria+e.
contracting parties are found no legal impediment to t!e % !1e 8arties s1all state t1e )a't o) t1eir
marriage$ 'o1a3itation and t1e a3sen'e o) any le+al
im8ediment to marry in an a))ida&it *nder oat1.
*atters that don7t affect the validity of the marria#e:
Article 38$ i) t1e 'i&il re+istry +i&es t1e li'ense des8ite t1e 'o*rts orderin+ an inG*n'tion to order t1e 'i&il re+istry not to +i&e t1e marria+e li'ense.
Article 23: i) t1e 'i&il re+istry +i&es t1e li'ense des8ite a3sen'e o) 'erti)i'ate o) le+al 'a8a'ity o) )orei+ners.
Article 9:: A1en t1e solemni<in+ o))i'er )ailed to in&esti+ate 21et1er or not t1ere 2as an im8ediment to t1e marria+e in marria+es a)ter /
years o) 'o1a3itation.
D. So3re8e9a 2C
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
D. So3re8e9a
MARRIA;S VOID AF I#I!IO$ #ot &alid )rom its in'e8tion. #o ri+1ts 'an )lo2 )rom it and 'an ne&er 3e rati)ied. (5*di'ial de'laration o) n*llity).
Art. !5: T!e folloing marriages s!all be %oid from t!e Article 2; 9; <$ 21en all t1e essential and )ormal re4*isites o) a marria+e are a3sent
beginning: % Only marria+es de'lared 3y t1e le+islat*re- as &oid s1o*ld 3e treated as s*'1.
2*3 T!ose contracted b# an# part# belo eig!teen !1ere 'an 3e no ot1er &oid marria+e e:'e8t t1ose 8ro&ided 3y la2.
#ears of age e%en it! t!e consent of parents or
guardians? Void Marria+e Voida3le
2,3 T!ose solemni.ed b# an# person not legall# CanJt 3e a so*r'e o) ri+1ts Can 3e so*r'e o) ri+1ts
aut!ori.ed to perform marriages unless suc! marriages CanJt 3e rati)ied Rati)ied 3y 8res'ri8tion or
ere contracted it! eit!er or bot! parties belie%ing in 'o1a3itation
good fait! t!at t!e solemni.ing officer !ad t!e legal Can 3e atta'(ed 'ollaterally. Can only 3e atta'(ed dire'tly
aut!orit# to do so? Can 3e 4*estioned a)ter deat1 Only assailed d*rin+ li)etime
2/3 T!ose solemni.ed it!out license& e(cept t!ose o) 8arties o) 8arties
co%ered t!e preceding -!apter? A'tion )or n*llity 1as no A'tion 8res'ri3es
243 T!ose bigamous or pol#gamous marriages not 8res'ri8tion
failing under Article 4*?
% sto88el or a'4*ies'en'e does not a88ly to remedy t1e in)irmity o) a &oid
213 T!ose contracted t!roug! mista0e of one
marria+e. !1*s i) one o) t1e 8arties stated *nder oat1 t1at t1ey 2ere 2/ 21en t1ey
contracting part# as to t!e identit# of t!e ot!er? and
2ere a't*ally .E t1e marria+e is &oid des8ite t1e oat1.
2=3 T!ose subse'uent marriages t!at are %oid under
% ;ood )ait1 and 3ad )ait1 +enerally is immaterial in &oid marria+es e:'e8t$ 21en
Article 1/$ eit1er o) t1e 8arties 3elie&ed in +ood )ait1 t1at t1e solemni<in+ o))i'er 1ad t1e
a*t1ority to solemni<e t1e marria+e 21en in )a't 1e 1ad none. Se'ond- in 'ase t1e
s8o*se disa88ears )or C years or 2 years in 8ro8er 'ases t1e 8resent s8o*se may
marry a+ain i) t1ere is a G*di'ial de'laration o) 8res*m8ti&e deat1 and at t1e time o)
t1e 'ele3ration o) marria+e eit1er s8o*se is in +ood )ait1 t1at t1e a3sent s8o*se is
still a3sent.
:. A is married to " and A disa88ears )or C years and is G*di'ially de'lared
8res*m8ti&ely dead. " later on is to marry A2. A2 1o2e&er sees A t1e day 3e)ore
t1e 2eddin+ 3*t does not tell ". As lon+ as " is in +ood )ait1 and does not (no2 o)
%
t1e 8resen'e o) A t1e marria+e 2ill still 3e &alid.
;enerally e&iden'e ot1er t1an a G*di'ial de'laration o) n*llity 'an 3e 8resented
e:'e8t (dire't atta'( needed) )or 8*r8oses o) remarria+e- &alidity o) marria+e
is essential to t1e determination o) t1e 'ase- and 21en a donor desires to
re&o(e a donation propter nuptias$
FLOA .6 DARS OF A;$ not 'a8a'itated to marry e&en i) 2it1 8arental
'onsent. (istory$ .C male- .2 )emale$ minim*m a+e )or e))e'ti&e 8ro'reation
.E male- .C )emale$ Mat*rity and res8onsi3ility 2ere ta(en into 'onsideration.
;ender Roles$ a3ility o) men to 8ro&ide and a3ility o) 2omen to 'are )or t1e
2/
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
1o*se1old.
.6 )or 3ot1$ #o si+ni)i'ant di))eren'e in terms o) mat*rity o) male and
)emale. S'ien'e s1o2s 3elo2 .6 leads to *nsa)e 8re+nan'ies.
#O#%A0!"ORI!D OF SOLM#IMR$
:'e8tion$ I) I!"R or 3ot1 o) t1e 'ontra'tin+ 8arties 3elie&ed in +ood )ait1 t1at 1e 1ad
s*'1 a*t1ority. !1e +ood )ait1 o) t1e 8arty is 21at is re)erred to not t1e solemni<in+
o))i'er. % 0nless it 2as i+noran'e o) t1e la2 t1en t1e marria+e 2ill 3e &oid. !1e 8erson
m*st 3e one o) t1e 8eo8le in Arti'le 7 t1*s i) a 'o*8le is married 3y a Ganitor- t1em
3elie&in+ t1at a Ganitor 'an 'ele3rate a marria+e- t1e marria+e 2ill 3e &oid.
:'e8tion$ Marria+e 2as done a3road and s*'1 o))i'er is &alid in t1at 'o*ntry
FI;AMO0S OR POLD;AMO0S MARRIA;$ la2 8ro1i3its married men or 2omen
)rom 'ontra'tin+ a s*3se4*ent marria+e 21en t1eir 'onsort is still ali&e.
:'e8tion$
- !1at mentioned in Arti'le C. re+ardin+ a88earan'e o) a s8o*se a)ter a
de'laration o) 8res*m8ti&e deat1.
- !1ose 8ro&ided )or *nder t1e M*slim 'ode.
- A1en t1e )irst marria+e 2as a't*ally &oid 2it1 a G*di'ial de'laration o) n*llity.
Ait1o*t G*di'ial de'laration o) n*llity t1en 2
nd
marria+e 2ill 3e &oid *nder Arti'le
C0. MIS!AH I# ID#!I!D$ An instan'e o) )ra*d- 21i'1 is a +ro*nd )or t1e n*llity o) t1e
marria+e. "ere t1e 'ontra'tin+ 8arty a3sol*tely did not intend to marry t1e ot1er- as t1e
same is not t1e 8erson 1e or s1e a't*ally (ne2 3e)ore t1e marria+e.
Does not in'l*de$ mista(e in name- '1ara'ter o) 8erson- attri3*tes- a+e- so'ial
standin+- reli+ion- 8edi+ree- 8e'*niary means- tem8eraments- a'4*irements-
'ondition in li)e- 8re&io*s 1a3it.
VOID 0#DR AR!ICL /,$ Marria+es t1at 1a&e ann*lled or de'lared n*ll and &oid
m*st *nderta(e t1e li4*idation- 8artition and distri3*tion o) t1eir 8ro8erties- deli&ery o)
8res*m8ti&e le+itimes- et'. to 3e a3le to remarry.
Art. !%: A marriage contracted b# an# part# !o& at t!e Psy'1olo+i'al in'a8a'ity to 'om8ly 2it1 t1e essential P.I. Insanity
time of t!e celebration& as ps#c!ologicall# marital o3li+ation o) marria+e at t!e time of marriage- Cannot 3e Can 3e
incapacitated to compl# it! t!e essential marital e&en i) it 3e'omes mani)est a)ter t1e solemni<ation o) '*red '*red
obligations of marriage& s!all li0eise be %oid e%en if t1e marria+e. #o 'onsent Consent 'an
suc! incapacit# becomes manifest onl# after its % #ot de)ined and t1*s le)t on a 'o*rt%to%'o*rt 8resent sin'e 3e +i&en
solemni.ation$ 3asis. A 8erson may a't*ally 3e e))i'ient in
D. So3re8e9a 2E
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
doin+ ot1er t1in+s s*'1 as 1is 8ro)ession 3*t 1e does not d*rin+ l*'id
2it1 re+ards to 1is married li)e it 'an 3e (no2 t1e inter&al
di))erent. tr*e meanin+
% #ot G*st st*33orn re)*sal 3*t attri3*ted to o) marria+e
8sy'1olo+i'al 'a*ses (not ne'essarily insane)
% La'(in+ in t1e e:er'ise o) t1e G*d+ment not la'( PROOF to s1o2 P.I.$
o) G*d+ment .. O3ser&e o) d*ties
% !r*e ina3ility to 'ommit onesel) to t1e essentials (li&in+ to+et1er- et'.)
o) marria+e B 8sy'1ose:*al disorders or ot1er 2. Pro'reation
8ersonality disorders ,. O3li+ation o) 8arents to
% Ina3ility to 'ommit to t1e essentials o) marria+e '1ildren.
B 8ro'reation- ed*'ation o) o))s8rin+- 'omm*nity C. Senseless and
o) li)e and lo&e 8rotra'ted re)*sal to
M*st 3e '1ara'teri<ed 3y$
1a&e inter'o*rse
/. 0nreasona3le
.. ;ra&ity% +ra&e or serio*s atta'1ment to ones
2. 5*ridi'al ante'eden'e B rooted in 1istory o) t1e ot1er )amily or 3ar(ada
8arty and may mani)est a)ter t1e marria+e. E. !rans&estism
,. In'*ra3ility 7. Ind*l+en'e o) 8ri&ate
5*ris8r*dential ;*idelines (CA &. Molina)$
)antasy
6. Al'o1olIs*3stan'e
.. F*rden o) 8roo) to s1o2 t1e n*llity o) marria+e a3*se
3elon+s to t1e 8lainti)). 9. :treme immat*rity
2. Root 'a*se m*st 3e medicall# or clinicall#
identified- alle+ed in t1e 'om8laint- sufficientl#
pro%en b# e(perts- 'learly e:8lained 3y t1e
de'ision- must be ps#c!ological not 81ysi'al.
,. Pro&en to 3e e:istin+ at t1e time o)
t1e 'ele3ration o) t1e marria+e
C. M*st 3e in'*ra3le (may 3e a3sol*te or
relati&e to t1e +i&en s8o*se)
/. M*st 3e +ra&e
ssential marria+e o3li+ations are t1ose em3ra'ed
in arti'les E6 to 7.
,
and Arti'les 220-
,
Arti'le E6$ 1*s3and and 2i)e are o3li+ed to li&e to+et1er- o3ser&e m*t*al lo&e- res8e't- and )idelity- and render m*t*al 1el8 and s*88ort. Arti'le E9$ "*s3and and 2i)e s1all )i: t1e domi'ile and
in 'ase o) disa+reement t1e 'o*rt s1all de'ide. Arti'le 70$ s8o*ses are Gointly res8onsi3le )or t1e s*88ort o) t1e )amily and t1e e:8enses )or s*'1 s*88ort and ot1er 'onG*+al
D. So3re8e9a 27
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
22.- 22/ 2it1 re+ards to 8arents and '1ildren.
7. Inter8retations in #ational A88ellate Matrimonial
tri3*nal o) Cat1oli' C1*r'1 t1o*+1 not 3indin+
are 8ers*asi&e
Art. !(: Marriages beteen t!e folloing are Reasons to Condemn In'est*o*s Marria+es$ @ !1e relations1i8 3ein+
incestuous and %oid from t!e beginning& !et!er .. A31orrent to nat*re le+itimate or ille+itimate is
relations!ip beteen t!e parties be legitimate or 2. Frin+s a3o*t 'on)*sion o) ri+1ts and d*ties immaterial
illegitimate: ,. De)i'ient and de+enerate o))s8rin+
2*3 @eteen ascendants and descendants of an# C. Control se: ri&alries 2it1in )amilies
degree? and /. !o +*ide one to2ards t1e 'reation o) ne2
2,3 @eteen brot!ers and sisters& !et!er of t!e full or n*'lear )amily
!alf blood$ E. Frin+s a3o*t 'on)*sion 2it1 stat*s
Art. !): T!e folloing marriages s!all be %oid from t!e % Sim*lates 3lood relations alt1o*+1 le+al )i'tion (3ond 'reated 3y la2- a+ainst
beginning for reasons of public polic# 8*3li' 8oli'y)
2*3 @eteen collateral blood relati%es !et!er COLLA!RAL FLOOD RLA!IVS$ may 'a*se t1e same reasons as Art. ,7 3*t to a
legitimate or illegitimate& up to t!e fourt! ci%il lesser de+ree.
degree? COLLA!RAL "ALF%FLOOD RLA!IVS FD CO#SA#;0I#I!D$ t1e la2 does not
2,3 @eteen step8parents and step8c!ildren? 8ro&ide t1at marria+es 3et2een 'ollateral 3lood relati&es 3y t1e 1al)%3lood are 8ro1i3ited.
2/3 @eteen parents8in8la and c!ildren8in8la? Case La2$ In Re$ Simms state
243 @eteen t!e adopting parent and t!e adopted % Fe'a*se o) s8e'i)i'ation in 3rot1ers and sisters and no s8e'i)i'ation 2it1 *n'les
c!ild? and nie'es- marria+e 3et2een *n'les and nie'es are not 8ro1i3ited
213 @eteen t!e sur%i%ing spouse of t!e adopting % 0nli(e r*lin+ in A*dley 21ere it deemed it 2as *nne'essary
parent and t!e adopted c!ild? % Marria+e 3et2een *n'les and nie'es 21o are 1al)%3lood is &alid d*e to t1e
2=3 @eteen t!e sur%i%ing spouse of t!e adopted c!ild 8res*m8tion in )a&or o) marria+e.
and t!e adopter? RLA!IO#S"IP FD AFFI#I!D (made t1ro*+1 marria+e)$ !1e only marria+es 3y a))inity
253 @eteen an adopted c!ild and a legitimate c!ild of 8ro1i3ited in t1e Family Code are marria+es 3et2een ste88arents and ste8'1ildren and
t!e adopter? 8arents%in%la2 and '1ildren%in%la2. (May destroy t1e 8ea'e)*lness in )amily relations)
263 @eteen adopted c!ildren of t!e same adopter? Ste83rot1er and ste8sister 'an marry ea'1 ot1er sin'e not in'l*ded in t1e
2:3 @eteen parties !ere one& it! t!e intention to 8ro1i3ition.
marr# t!e ot!er& 0illed t!at ot!er personAs spouse& or @In t1e e&ent t1at t1e marria+e is ann*lled or n*lli)ied or in t1e e&ent t1at t1e marria+e is
!is or !er on spouse$ terminated 3y deat1 a))inity is terminated and t1*s t1ose t1at 2ere 8ro1i3ited d*e to a))inity
'an no2 marry ea'1 ot1er. 0nless t1ere are li&in+ iss*es ('1ildren) in 21om t1e 3lood o)
t1e 8arties 'ontin*e to 'ommin+le.
ADOP!IV RLA!IO#S"IP$
A1o t1ey 'annot marry$
o3li+ations s1all 3e 8aid )rom 'omm*nity 8ro8erty- in'ome or )r*its o) se8arate 8ro8erty- or se8arate 8ro8erty. Arti'le 7.$ mana+ement o) 1o*se1old s1all 3e ri+1t and d*ty o)
3ot1 s8o*ses.
D. So3re8e9a 26
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Ado8ter Ado8ted
!1e ado8ted !1e ado8ter
!1e s*r&i&in+ s8o*se o) t1e ado8ted !1e s*r&i&in+ s8o*se o) ado8ter
(n&isions t1at t1e marria+e 2as (n&isions t1at t1e marria+e 2as
terminated d*e to deat1. F*t i) t1e terminated d*e to deat1. F*t i) t1e
marria+e 2as terminated a)ter t1e )inality marria+e 2as terminated a)ter t1e )inality
o) a n*llity or ann*lment de'ree t1en t1ey o) a n*llity or ann*lment de'ree t1en t1ey
'an +et married) 'an +et married)
Le+itimate '1ildren o) ado8ter
Ot1er ado8ted '1ildren o) t1e ado8ter
A1o 'an t1ey marry$
Ado8ter Ado8ted
C1ildren o) ado8ted Parents o) ado8ter
#at*ral 8arent Ille+itimate '1ild o) t1e ado8ter
Ot1er relati&es Ot1er relati&es
S8o*se o) ado8ted i) ali&e and not married S8o*se o) ado8ter i) ali&e and not married
to ado8ted to ado8ter
I#!#!IO#AL HILLI#; OF SPO0S$ !1e +*ilty 8arty m*st 3e animated 3y an intention to
marry t1e ot1er 8erson- i) not t1en not 'onsidered a+ainst 8*3li' 8oli'y.
:. A 2anted to marry F. F 2as married to C. A (ills C 3e'a*se C stole )rom A. !1en A
later on marries F. S*'1 a marria+e is &alid.
@#o 'riminal 'on&i'tion is ne'essary mere 8re8onderan'e o) e&iden'e is re4*ired to 8ro&e
t1e (illin+.
Art. !+: T!e action or defense for t!e declaration of % !ime to )ile an a'tion )or de'laration o) n*llity o)
absolute nullit# of a marriage s!all not prescribe a marria+e or to in&o(e s*'1 n*llity as a
de)ense does not 8res'ri3e.
% it1er 8arty in a &oid marria+e 'an )ile a n*llity
'ase e&en t1o*+1 s*'1 8arty is t1e 2ron+doer.
Only 1*s3and and 2i)e 'an )ile a 'o*rt 'ase
de'larin+ t1e marria+e &oid. F*t it 'an still 3e
'ollaterally atta'(ed 3y any interested 8arty in
any 8ro'eedin+ 21ere t1e determination o) t1e
D. So3re8e9a 29
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
&alidity o) marria+e is ne'essary to +i&e rise to
'ertain ri+1ts.
Art. $,: T!e absolute nullit# of a pre%ious marriage % A G*di'ial de'laration o) marria+e is t1e only @ !1e s*3se4*ent marria+e is
ma# be in%o0ed for purposes of remarriage on t!e a''e8ta3le 8roo) so t1at a 8arty 'an 'ontra't a not 'onsidered 3i+amo*s sin'e
basis solel# of a final "udgment declaring suc! pre%ious s*3se4*ent &alid marria+e. Ait1o*t it t1e t1e )irst marria+e is not &alid. In
marriage %oid$ s*3se4*ent marria+e 2ill 3e 'onsidered &oid. a 3i+amo*s marria+e t1e )irst
% In 'onne'tion 2it1 it- Arti'les /2 and /, 21i'1 s*3sistin+ marria+e is &alid.
In relation to$ 1as to do 2it1 t1e li4*idation- 8artition and Fi+amy en&isions 2 &alid
Art. 52: T!e "udgment of annulment or of absolute distri3*tion o) t1e 8ro8erties 2it1o*t 21i'1 t1e marria+es. I) t1e )irst or t1e
nullit# of t!e marriage& t!e partition and distribution of marria+e 2ill li(e2ise 3e &oid. se'ond marria+e is &oid t1en
t!e properties of t!e spouses and t!e deli%er# of t!e FI;AMD$ Committed 3y any 8erson 21o s1all 'ontra't a t1ere 'an 3e no 3i+amy.
c!ildrenAs presumpti%e legitimes s!all be recorded in se'ond or s*3se4*ent marria+e 3e)ore t1e )ormer
t!e appropriate ci%il registr# and registries of propert#? marria+e 1as 3een le+ally dissol&ed or 3e)ore t1e
ot!erise& t!e same s!all not affect t!ird persons$ a3sent s8o*se 1as 3een de'lared 8res*m8ti&ely dead
Art. 5!: Eit!er of t!e former spouses ma# marr# again 3y G*d+ment.
after compliance it! t!e re'uirements of t!e % Marria+e 3e'omes &oid not 3e'a*se o) 3i+amy 3*t
immediatel# preceding Article? ot!erise& t!e 3e'a*se o) 'ertain im8ositions in la2 t1at m*st 3e done
subse'uent marriage s!all be null and %oid$ 3e)ore 'onta'tin+ a se'ond marria+e.
@Ait1o*t arti'le C0 one 'annot 8er)orm Arti'le /2.
Art. $1: A marriage contracted b# an# person during % A de'laration o) 8res*m8ti&e deat1 is needed Exception: Prior s8o*se 1as
subsistence of a pre%ious marriage s!all be null and )or t1e a3sentee in order to 'onta't a ne2 3een a3sent )or C 'onse'*ti&e
%oid& unless before t!e celebration of t!e subse'uent marria+e. years and t1ere is a 2ell
marriage& t!e prior spouse !ad been absent for four Article <2: !1e s*3se4*ent marria+e made 2ill 3e'ome )o*nded 3elie) (m*st e:er'ise
consecuti%e #ears and t!e spouse present !as a ell8 &oid 2it1 t1e re'ordin+ o) t1e a))ida&it o) rea88earan'e d*e dili+en'e to as'ertain
founded belief t!at t!e absent spouse as alread# o) t1e s*3se4*ent s8o*se. S*'1 noti'e 2ill 3e )iled in 21erea3o*ts or i) s1e is dead
dead$ In case of disappearance !ere t!ere is danger t1e 'i&il re+istry o) t1e residen'e o) t1e 8arties in or ali&e) t1at a3sent s8o*se is
of deat! under t!e circumstances set fort! in t!e s*3se4*ent marria+e- and +i&e t1em d*e noti'e% O#LD dead (2 years 2ill s*))i'e i)
pro%isions of Article /:* of t!e -i%il -ode& an absence CAS A"R MARRIA; IS !RMI#A!D t1ere 2as dan+er o) deat1)
of onl# to #ears s!all be sufficient$ N!RA50DICIALLD. Any interested 8arty 'an )ile )or t1e
For t!e purpose of contracting t!e subse'uent a))ida&it o) rea88earan'e.
marriage under t!e preceding paragrap! t!e spouse Exception to <2: i) t1e a))ida&it is )ra*d*lent t1en it is
present must institute a summar# proceeding as ine))e't*al.
pro%ided in t!is -ode for t!e declaration of presumpti%e
deat! of t!e absentee& it!out pre"udice to t!e effect of
reappearance of t!e absent spouse$
Art. $!: T!e termination of t!e subse'uent marriage % A88lies to Arti'le C0- Arti'le C. and &oida3le @Donation made 3et2een
D. So3re8e9a ,0
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
referred to in t!e preceding Article s!all produce t!e marria+es. 8ersons 21o are +*ilty o)
folloing effects S'A'0S O) C(ID&E,: C1ildren 'on'ei&ed d*rin+ t1e ad*ltery or 'on'*3ina+e at t1e
2*3 T!e c!ildren of t!e subse'uent marriage s*3se4*ent marria+e 'ontem8lated in Art. C. are time o) t1e donation is &oid.
concei%ed prior to its termination s!all be considered le+itimate e&en i) one o) t1e 'ontra'tin+ 8arties is in 3ad
legitimate? )ait1.
2,3 T!e absolute communit# of propert# or t!e E))EC' O) 'E&*I,A'IO, O, '(E P&OPE&'+
con"ugal partners!ip& as t!e case ma# be& s!all be &E%I*E: !1e 8ro8erty re+ime s1all 3e dissol&ed and
dissol%ed and li'uidated& but if eit!er spouse li4*idated. A)ter t1e 8ayment o) all de3ts- t1e s8o*ses
contracted said marriage in bad fait!& !is or !er s!are s1all di&ide t1e net 8ro)its o) t1e 8ro8erty e4*ally or in
of t!e net profits of t!e communit# propert# or con"ugal a''ordan'e 2it1 t1e sti8*lated s1arin+. I) a s8o*se
partners!ip propert# s!all be forfeited in fa%or of t!e a'ted in 3ad )ait1- t1e +*ilty s8o*se s1all not +et 1is
common c!ildren or& if t!ere are none& t!e c!ildren of s1are in t1e net 8ro)its (1isI1er s1are 2ill 3e )or)eited in
t!e guilt# spouse b# a pre%ious marriage or in default of )a&or o) t1e 'ommon '1ildren- i) none t1e '1ildren o) t1e
c!ildren& t!e innocent spouse? +*ilty s8o*se 3y a 8re&io*s marria+e- i) none to t1e
2/3 Bonations b# reason of marriage s!all remain inno'ent s8o*se.
%alid& e(cept t!at if t!e donee contracted t!e marriage DO,A'IO,S .+ &EASO, O) *A&&IA%E$ I) 3ot1
in bad fait!& suc! donations made to said donee are 8arties are in +ood )ait1- t1e donation s1all 3e &alid. I)
re%o0ed b# operation of la? t1e donee a'ted in 3ad )ait1 in 'ontra'tin+ t1e marria+e-
243 T!e innocent spouse ma# re%o0e t!e t1e donation 3y reason o) marria+e is terminated 3y
designation of t!e ot!er spouse !o acted in bad fait! o8eration o) la2. I) 3ot1 are in 3ad )ait1 neit1er 'an
as beneficiar# in an# insurance polic#& e%en if suc! re'o&er 21at t1ey 1a&e +i&en.
designation be stipulated as irre%ocable? and DESI%,A'IO, AS .E,E)ICIA&+ I, I,S0&A,CE
213 T!e spouse !o contracted t!e subse'uent POIC+: !1e inno'ent s8o*se 1as t1e '1oi'e o)
marriage in bad fait! s!all be dis'ualified to in!erit from re&o(in+ t1e 3ene)i'iary in an ins*ran'e 8oli'y e&en i)
t!e innocent spouse b# testate and intestate t1e 8oli'y is irre&o'a3le. (S1o*ld in)orm t1e ins*ran'e
succession$ 'om8any)
DIS=0AI)ICA'IO, AS 'O I,(E&I'A,CE: !1e
s8o*se 21o a'ted in 3ad )ait1 s1all 3e dis4*ali)ied to
in1erit )rom t1e inno'ent s8o*se. I) 3ot1 s8o*ses are in
3ad )ait1 a''ordin+ to Arti'le CC t1e marria+e is &oid and
t1e 8arties 'annot in1erit.
Art. $$: If bot! spouses of t!e subse'uent marriage % !1e marria+e s1all 3e 'onsidered &oid only i)
acted in bad fait!& said marriage s!all be %oid ab initio 3ot1 s8o*ses in t1e s*3se4*ent marria+e are in
and all donations b# reason of marriage and 3ad )ait1.
testamentar# dispositions made b# one in fa%or of t!e % !1e +ood )ait1 o) t1e s8o*se m*st 3e 8resent
ot!er are re%o0ed b# operation of la$ *8 to t1e time o) t1e 'ele3ration o) t1e
s*3se4*ent marria+e.
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VOIDAFL MARRIA;S$ &alid *8 to t1e 8oint 21en t1ey are ann*lled. !1ese are t1e only +ro*nds- 21i'1 'an 3e 'onsidered )or
ann*lment (e:'l*si&e).
Arti'le Annotation :'e8tionI Filin+$
Article <:: *ust exist at the time of marria#e % !1e 8arents o) t1e '1ild 'an ann*l t1e Party to )ile s*it$ Parent or +*ardian 3e)ore t1e
35 !1at t1e 8arty in 21ose 3e1al) it is so*+1t to marria+e at any time 8rior to t1e time t1e '1ild '1ild rea'1es 2. and t1e 8arty 21o did not
1a&e t1e marria+e ann*lled 2as ei+1teen years rea'1es t1e a+e o) 2.. o3tain 'onsent 2it1in / years a)ter rea'1in+ 2..
o) a+e or o&er 3*t 3elo2 t2enty%one- and t1e
marria+e 2as solemni<ed 2it1o*t t1e 'onsent Rati)i'ation$ !1ro*+1 'o1a3itation a)ter rea'1in+
o) t1e 8arents- +*ardian or 8erson 1a&in+ t1e a+e o) 2. years old.
s*3stit*te 8arental a*t1ority o&er t1e 8arty- in
t1at order- *nless a)ter attainin+ t1e a+e o)
t2enty%one- s*'1 8arty )reely 'o1a3ited 2it1 t1e
ot1er and 3ot1 li&ed to+et1er as 1*s3and and
2i)e
25 !1at eit1er 8arty 2as o) *nso*nd mind- % M*st 3e 'lear t1at illness is serio*s t1at @ I) t1e s8o*se (ne2 t1at t1e s8o*se 2as
*nless s*'1 8arty a)ter 'omin+ to reason- )reely 'annot *nderstand marria+e 'ontra't at t1e time insane 8rior to t1e 'ele3ration o) t1e marria+e
'o1a3ited 2it1 t1e ot1er as 1*s3and and 2i)e o) t1e marria+e. s1e 'annot ann*l t1e marria+e.
Rati)i'ation$ !1ro*+1 'o1a3itation 3y t1e 8erson Party to )ile s*it$ Sane s8o*se 2it1o*t
2it1 t1e *nso*nd mind a)ter 1e 1as 'ome to (no2led+e 3e)ore t1e deat1 o) eit1er 8arty-
reason relati&e or +*ardian o) insane at any time 3e)ore
@On'e rati)ied t1e marria+e 2ill 3e &alid and no t1e deat1 o) eit1er 8arty- and insane s8o*se
lon+er ann*lla3le e&en i) t1e insanity 'omes 3e)ore t1e deat1 o) eit1er 8arty.
3a'(.
95 !1at t1e 'onsent o) eit1er 8arty 2as o3tained @#o ot1er misre8resentations 2ill 3e a''e8ta3le Exception to <>?2@: I) t1e 2oman 2as *n'1aste
3y )ra*d- *nless s*'1 8arty a)ter2ards- 2it1 )*ll to 'onstit*te )ra*d to ann*l a marria+e. and t1e man (ne2 o) 1er *n'1aste '1ara'ter.
(no2led+e o) t1e )a'ts 'onstit*tin+ t1e )ra*d- PRVIO0S CO#VIC!IO#$ #o need )or Exception to <>?2@: I) 2oman did not in)orm t1e
)reely 'o1a3ited 2it1 t1e ot1er as 1*s3and and in&esti+ation on t1e 8art o) t1e 8arty 3*t t1ere man 3*t 8re+nan'y 2as a88arent.
2i)e m*st 3e a )inal G*d+ment.
Article <>: Fra*d$ e:istin+ at time o) marria+e
CO#CALM#! OF PR;#A#CD$ Party to )ile s*it$ InG*red 8arty 2it1in / years
Con'ealment m*st 3e done in 3ad )ait1. !1*s- i) a)ter t1e dis'o&ery o) )ra*d
.. #on%dis'los*re o) 8re&io*s 'on&i'tion t1e 2oman tr*ly 3elie&ed s1e 2as not 8re+nant
3y )inal G*d+ment o) a 'rime in&ol&in+ 21en s1e 2as t1e marria+e 'annot 3e ann*lled.
moral t*r8it*de. % Misre8resentation t1at s1e 2as
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2. Con'ealment o) t1e 2i)e o) t1e )a't t1at 8re+nant to ind*'e t1e man to marry
s1e 2as 8re+nant at t1e time o) 1er 21en s1e 2as in )a't not 8re+nant
marria+e 3y anot1er man. is not 'onsidered )or ann*lment.
,. Con'ealment o) S!D re+ardless o) its CO#CALM#! OF S!D$ #at*re or +ra&ity is
nat*re e:istin+ at t1e time o) t1e irrele&antK t1e )a't t1at it 2as 'on'ealed 2as
marria+e. eno*+1.
C. Con'ealment o) dr*+ addi'tion- 1a3it*al CO#CALM#! OF ADDIC!IO#S$ #o e:a't
al'o1olism- or 1omose:*ality or meanin+ 3*t 1as 3een de)ined as 8ersistent
les3ianism e:istin+ at t1e time o) t1e 1a3it o) 3e'omin+ into:i'ated- irresisti3le 1a3it.
marria+e. @Does not need to +et dr*n( all t1e time- t1e
1a3it o) 3e'omin+ 8eriodi'ally dr*n( and 3ein+
*na3le to resist 21en t1e o88ort*nity arises.
CO#CALM#! OF ;#DR PRFR#C$
'onsiders t1e e))e't on t1e inG*red s8o*se in
8er)ormin+ 1isI1er marital d*ties. Mental )itness-
1ealt1- et'. Does not n*rt*re a nat*ral and
21olesome )amily-
Rati)i'ation$ Co1a3itation a)ter t1e inno'ent
s8o*se 1as )*ll (no2led+e o) t1e )a'ts
'onstit*tin+ t1e )ra*d
<5 !1at t1e 'onsent o) eit1er 8arty 2as o3tained % Violen'e 1ere may 3e 81ysi'al or moral. Party to )ile t1e s*it$ InG*red 8arty 2it1in / years
3y )or'e- intimidation or *nd*e in)l*en'e- *nless % Intimidation is 21en t1ere is a reasona3le and )rom t1e time t1e )or'e- intimidation or *nd*e
t1e same 1a&in+ disa88eared or 'eased- s*'1 2ell%ro*nded )ear o) an imminent and +ra&e e&il in)l*en'e disa88eared or 'eased.
8arty t1erea)ter )reely 'o1a3ited 2it1 t1e ot1er *8on 1is 8erson or 8ro8erty.
as 1*s3and and 2i)eK
Rati)i'ation$ Co1a3itation a)ter t1e 'a*se o) t1e
&itiated 'onsent 'eases.
:5 !1at eit1er 8arty 2as 81ysi'ally in'a8a3le o) % Permanent ina3ility on t1e 8art o) one o) t1e Exception: Sterility is not 'onsidered im8oten'y
'ons*mmatin+ t1e marria+e 2it1 t1e ot1er- and s8o*ses to 8er)orm t1e 'om8lete a't o) se:*al 3e'a*se 1e 'an still en+a+e in se:*al 'oition.
s*'1 in'a8a'ity 'ontin*es and a88ears to 3e inter'o*rse (m*st 3e in'*ra3le). Or+ans )or 'on'e8tion not ne'essary 3e'a*se
in'*ra3le - Can ori+inate )rom a 8sy'1olo+i'al 8ro3lem- t1ere is still 8assion.
21i'1 a))e'ts t1e 81ysi'al.
% M*st e:ist at t1e time o) t1e marria+e. Party to )ile t1e s*it$ Ait1in / years a)ter t1e
% May 3e 'a*sed 3ot1 3y 1*s3and and 2i)e. marria+e 'eremony
#O RA!IFICA!IO# 3y 'o1a3itation
D. So3re8e9a ,,
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
R*le o) triennial 'o1a3itation$ 8res*m8tion o)
im8oten'e arises 21en 2i)e remains a &ir+in
a)ter , years )rom t1e time o) marria+e.
>5 !1at eit1er 8arty 2as a))li'ted 2it1 a se:*ally% #o rati)i'ation 3y 'o1a3itation
transmissi3le disease )o*nd to 3e serio*s and
a88ears to 3e in'*ra3le
Art. $): In all cases of annulment or declaration % !1e state 2ill ens*re t1e 8re&ention o)
of absolute nullit# of marriage& t!e -ourt s!all 'oll*sion 3et2een t1e 8arties (21o may
order t!e prosecuting attorne# or fiscal ma(e *8 a +ro*nd to ann*l t1e
assigned to it to appear on be!alf of t!e State marria+e) and to ens*re t1at t1e
to ta0e steps to pre%ent collusion beteen t!e e&iden'e is not )a3ri'ated
parties and to ta0e care t!at e%idence is not % #o G*d+ment s1all 3e 3ased on a
fabricated or suppressed 'on)ession and a sti8*lation o) )a'ts
In t!e cases referred to in t!e preceding only.
paragrap!& no "udgment s!all be based upon a
stipulation of facts or confession of "udgment
Art. $+: Buring t!e pendenc# of t!e action and % A1ile trial is on +oin+ t1e s*88ort o) t1e @ In n*llity 'ases- i) t1e marria+e is deemed to
in t!e absence of ade'uate pro%isions in a s8o*ses and '*stody o) t1e '1ildren 3e &oid t1en t1e one 21o +ot s*88ort s1o*ld
ritten agreement beteen t!e spouses& t!e s1all 3e +o&erned 3y 21ate&er ret*rn it 2it1 le+al interest to t1e 8erson 21o
-ourt s!all pro%ide for t!e support of t!e a+reement t1e 8arties 1a&e made. I) )*rnis1ed s*88ort sin'e s*'1 8erson 2as not
spouses and t!e custod# and support of t!eir none t1en t1ey s1all 3e s*88orted )rom entitled to t1e s*88ort t1ere 3ein+ no marria+e.
common c!ildren$ T!e -ourt s!all gi%e t1e a3sol*te 'omm*nity o) 8ro8erty or
paramount consideration to t!e moral and 'onG*+al 8artners1i8 o) +ains.
material elfare of said c!ildren and t!eir % !1e 'o*rt may 1o2e&er ma(e t1e
c!oice of t!e parent it! !om t!e# is! to ne'essary adG*stments in 'ase t1e
remain as pro%ided to in Title IC$ It s!all also a+reement is inade4*ate.
pro%ide for appropriate %isitation rig!ts of t!e
ot!er parent$
Art. 5,: T!e effects pro%ided for b# paragrap!s Arti'le C,$ e))e'ts o) termination o) s*3se4*ent @!1e G*d+ment and de'ree o) n*llity or
2,3& 2/3& 243 and 213 of Article 4/ and b# Article marria+e (li4*idation- dis8osition- donation- ann*lment 2ill 3e'ome )inal *8on t1e e:8iration
44 s!all also appl# in t!e proper cases to ins*ran'e- in1eritan'e) o) ./ days )rom t1e re'ei8t o) t1e 8arties o) t1e
marriages !ic! are declared ab initio or Arti'le CC$ Fot1 s8o*ses o) t1e s*3se4*ent de'ision. (!1*s any marria+e 8rior to t1e ./
annulled b# final "udgment under Articles 49 marria+e are in 3ad )ait1 t1e marria+e s1all 3e days may 3e 'onsidered 3i+amo*s sin'e t1e
and 41$ &oid marria+e is still s*3sistin+ at t1at time.)
T!e final "udgment in suc! cases s!all pro%ide Arti'le C0$ Final G*d+ment de'larin+ a marria+e
for t!e li'uidation& partition and distribution of 2as &oid )or a s*3se4*ent marria+e.
D. So3re8e9a ,C
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
t!e properties of t!e spouses& t!e custod# and
% In all ot1er 'ases o) a &oid marria+e t1e support of t!e common c!ildren& and t!e
deli%er# of t!ird presumpti%e legitimes& unless 8ro8erty re+ime 2ill 3e +o&erned 3y Art. .C7
suc! matters !ad been ad"udicated in pre%ious (2a+es and salaries o2ned 3y t1em in e4*al
"udicial proceedings$ s1ares 8ro8erty +o&erned 3y 'o%o2ners1i8) Art.
.C6 (8ro8erties a'4*ired t1ro*+1 Goint
All creditors of t!e spouses as ell as of t!e 'ontri3*tions only and di&ided in 8ro8ortion to
absolute communit# or t!e con"ugal partners!ip t1eir 'ontri3*tions)
s!all be notified of t!e proceedings for
li'uidation$
In t!e partition& t!e con"ugal delling and t!e lot
on !ic! it is situated& s!all be ad"udicated in
accordance it! t!e pro%isions of Articles *9,
and *,:$
Art. 51: In said partition& t!e %alue of t!e Pres*m8ti&e Le+itime$ Part o) t1e 8ro8erty o) @ !1e '1ildren or t1e +*ardian may see( t1e
presumpti%e legitimes of all common c!ildren& t1e testator- 21i'1 'annot 3e dis8osed o) en)or'ement )or t1e deli&ery o) t1e 8res*m8ti&e
computed as of t!e date of t!e final "udgment of 3e'a*se t1e la2 1as reser&ed it )or 'ertain le+itime.
t!e trial court& s!all be deli%ered in cas!& 'om8*lsory 1eirs. !1e de'ree o) ann*lment or
propert# or sound securities& unless t!e parties& n*llity o) marria+e 8ro&ides )or t1e deli&ery o)
b# mutual agreement "udiciall# appro%ed& !ad t1e 8res*m8ti&e le+itimes t1is is in order to
alread# pro%ided for suc! matters$ 8rote't t1e le+itime o) t1e '1ildren )rom
s*3se4*ent marria+e.
T!e c!ildren or t!eir guardian or t!e trustee of :. I) A 1*s3and o) F dies- t1eir '1ild C 2ill
t!eir propert# ma# as0 for t!e enforcement of in1erit a le+itime )rom AJs 8ro8erties. In t1is
t!e "udgment$ 'ase t1ere is no deat1 t1*s t1e le+itime is
8res*med (21at AJs 8ro8erties 2o*ld 3e i) 1e
T!e deli%er# of t!e presumpti%e legitimes died at t1is time) and t1at is 21at is +i&en to C.
!erein prescribed s!all in no a# pre"udice t!e In t1e e&ent t1at t1e eit1er or 3ot1
ultimate successional rig!ts of t!e c!ildren 8arents die later on t1e 8res*m8ti&e
accruing upon t!e deat! of eit!er of bot! of t!e le+itime +i&en is 'onsidered an
parents? but t!e %alue of t!e properties alread# ad&an'e on t1eir le+itime and are G*st
recei%ed under t!e decree of annulment or +i&en t1e remainin+ 3alan'e d*e t1em.
absolute nullit# s!all be considered as In &oid marria+es ot1er t1an t1at
ad%ances on t!eir legitime$ 8ro&ided )or in Art. C0- t1e 8res*m8ti&e
le+itime is not deli&ered.
Art. 5$: -!ildren concei%ed or born before t!e % ;enerally- '1ildren 'on'ei&ed and 3orn @ I) t1e '1ild is 'on'ei&ed 8rior to t1e marria+e
D. So3re8e9a ,/
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
"udgment of annulment or absolute nullit# of t!e o*tside a &alid marria+e or inside a &oid and t1e marria+e is terminated *nder Art. ,E or
marriage under Article /= !as become final and marria+e are ille+itimate e:'e8t t1ose 'omin+ /, '1ild 2ill 3e ille+itimate (t1e s*3se4*ent &oid
e(ecutor# s!all be considered legitimate$ )rom a marria+e &oid d*e to 8sy'1olo+i'al marria+e e&en *nder t1ese arti'les 2ill not
-!ildren concei%ed or born of t!e subse'uent in'a8a'ity and t1ose d*e to la'( o) G*di'ial le+itimate t1em)
marriage under Article 1/ s!all li0eise be de'ree o) n*llity or li4*idation or dissol*tion o)
legitimate$ 8ro8erty.
L;AL SPARA!IO#$ Does not a))e't t1e marital stat*s o) t1e 'o*8le- merely a se8aration o) 3ed and 3oard. (:'l*si&e list)
Violen'e A+ainst Aomen and C1ildren (VAAC RA 92E2)$ in'l*des s8o*se- +irl)riends- and e&en one%ni+1t stands (le&el o) intima'y). Men 'an )ile
on 3e1al) o) '1ildren. Many arti'les o) VAAC en'om8ass le+al se8aration and i) t1is is so t1e re4*ired 'oolin+ o)) 8eriod is no lon+er ne'essary.
In'l*ded as 8art o) VAAC s*'1 as 'orr*8tion (O,) in'l*ded as &iolen'e- e&en 8sy'1olo+i'al &iolen'e (3i+amy- se:*al in)idelity).
% !1e '1ildren in'l*ded in VAAC are t1ose *nder t1e 'are o) t1e 2omen e&en t1ose o) t1e res8ondentJs '1ild )rom a 8re&io*s marria+e.
Article 55: >appens after marriage ceremon# P1ysi'al &iolen'e 1ere is meas*red not 3y t1e @ Does not in'l*de a +ro*nd )or le+al se8aration
1. Repeated p!#sical %iolence or grossl# se&erity 3*t 3y t1e )re4*en'y. "o2e&er i) it is 21en t1e res8ondent%s8o*se in)li'ts &iolen'e on
abusi%e conduct directed against t!e petitioner& not re8eated or is not 81ysi'al &iolen'e it may 1isI1er o2n '1ild )rom a 8re&io*s marria+e 3*t
a common c!ild& or a c!ild of t!e petitioner 3e 'onsidered as +rossly a3*si&e 'ond*'t. may 'a*se to s*s8end or terminate 8arental
a*t1ority.
;rossly a3*si&e 'ond*'t need not 3e re8eated Art. 2,. (.)$ Parental a*t1ority 'an 3e
3*t more o) a serio*s a't$ rely on 8ro8ortionality s*s8ended 21en t1e 8arent treats t1e '1ild 2it1
and a3*si&e 'ond*'t to 21at 2as 'ommitted. e:'essi&e 1ars1ness or 'r*elty
% Contin*ed indi))eren'e or a&ersion to
s8o*se and 8ersistent ne+le't o) d*ties
in'ident to marital relation- et'.
% 0se o) o))ensi&e and a3*si&e lan+*a+e
2it1 intent and )i:ed 8*r8ose o) 'a*sin+
*n1a88iness.
% Ot1er a'ts o) 'orr*8tion- 21i'1 do not
)all *nder 8rostit*tion.
,$ ;!#sical %iolence or moral pressure to % !1ere s1o*ld 3e *nity in t1e )amily and t1*s @n)or'e 1*man ri+1ts t1ro*+1 a''e8tan'e o)
compel t!e petitioner to c!ange religious or t1e 'o*8le s1o*ld learn to li&e 2it1 ea'1 ot1erJs t1e ot1erJs ri+1t
political affiliation 8oliti'al ideas.
/$ Attempt of respondent to corrupt or induce % !1e '1ildren 1ere may or may not 3e @ Ot1er )orms o) 'orr*8tion 'an )all *nder +ra&e
t!e petitioner& a common c!ild& or a c!ild of t!e eman'i8ated. a3*se o) 'ond*'t
petitioner& to engage in prostitution& or % !1e 'orr*8t a't 1ere re)ers to 8rostit*tion only-
conni%ance in suc! corruption or inducement a mere attem8t is eno*+1 t1e res8ondent need
D. So3re8e9a ,E
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
not 3e s*''ess)*l at t1e 'orr*8tion or
ind*'ement.
% !1ere is no 'a*se o) a'tion 21en t1e '1ild
in&ol&ed is t1at o) t1e res8ondent )rom anot1er
marria+e.
4$ Final "udgment sentencing t!e respondent to % !1e 'rime need not 3e a+ainst t1e ot1er
imprisonment of more t!an si( #ears& e%en if s8o*se. It 'an 3e a+ainst anyone.
pardoned % !1e )a't t1at t1e 'rime 1ad 3een 8ardoned
doesnJt matter as lon+ as t1ere is a )inal
G*d+ment.
1$ Brug addiction or !abitual alco!olism of t!e % !1e e:tent and nat*re o) s*'1 is t1e same- as
respondent t1ose in ann*lment 'ases 3*t s*'1 +ro*nds
may e:ist e&en a)ter t1e marria+e 'eremony
*nli(e ann*lment.
=$ +esbianism or !omose(ualit# of respondent % Considered as a )orm o) 'r*elty or mental
an+*is1
% M*st en+a+e in 1omose:*al a'ts
5$ Respondent contracts a subse'uent % Ille+ally 'ontra'tin+ a marria+e des8ite )*ll @A1et1er t1e marria+e 2as done in t1e
bigamous marriage (no2led+e t1at t1e )irst marria+e still &alidly P1ili88ines or a3road is immaterial.
e:ists or 2it1o*t o3tainin+ a G*di'ial de'laration
o) 8res*m8ti&e deat1.
6$ Se(ual infidelit# or per%ersion % Ot1er a'ts o) se:*al in)idelity s1ort o) Exception: I) t1e 2i)e 'ondones se:*al
'on'*3ina+e and ad*ltery are eno*+1 as lon+ 8er&ersion 2it1 1er 1*s3and t1en it 'annot 3e a
as t1ey 'onstit*te a 'lear 3etrayal o) tr*st. +ro*nd )or le+al se8aration.
% Se:*al 8er&ersion 'an 3e done to ones o2n
2i)e.
:$ Attempt b# t!e respondent against t!e life of % M*st 'ome )rom an e&il desi+n or *nla2)*l Exception: 21en it is )or sel)%de)ense (or some
t!e petitioner 'a*se ot1er G*sti)ia3le reason)
% #o nee )or any 'riminal 'on&i'tion- Exception: S8o*se 'a*+1t t1e ot1er in
8re8onderan'e o) e&iden'e is eno*+1. (I) t1ere flagrante delicto
is a 'riminal 'on&i'tion- t1e ot1er s8o*se 'an 3e
disin1erited e&en i) t1ere is no le+al se8aration
'ase )iled)
*9$ Abandonment of petitioner b# respondent Aill)*lly le)t t1e d2ellin+ 2it1o*t intention o) @I) t1ere is an *nG*sti)ia3le )or lea&in+ t1en it is
it!out "ustifiable cause for more t!an one ret*rnin+. not 'onsidered a3andonment.
#ear$ @!1ere m*st 3e a 2ron+)*l intent to desert-
D. So3re8e9a ,7
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
For purposes of t!is Article& t!e term Dc!ildD 'ontin*ed )or t1e stat*tory 8eriod.
s!all include a c!ild b# nature or b# adoption
Article :>: Denial of le#al separation if they fall on the follo!in# #rounds
1. <!ere t!e aggrie%ed part# !as condoned t!e offense or % May 3e e:8ressed or im8lied )or+i&eness Exception: i) a)ter t1e
act complained of % #ot loo(in+ )or an errin+ 2i)e a)ter s1e 'ommits an 'ondonation t1e +*ilty s8o*se
o))ense does not mean )or+i&eness. re8eats t1e o))ense t1en 'an
still )ile )or le+al se8aration.
25 <!ere t!e aggrie%ed part# !as consented to t!e it1er s8o*se a+reed or did not o3Ge't to t1e
commission of t!e offense or act complained of o))ense FFOR it 2as 'ommitted.
95 <!ere t!ere is conni%ance beteen t!e parties in t!e % A1ere t1e s8o*ses a+ree t1at one s8o*se 2ill
commission of t!e offense or act constituting t!e ground for 'ommit t1e o))ense to +i&e +ro*nds )or le+al
legal separation se8aration.
% A1ere one o) t1e 8arties em8loyed a ,
rd
8arty to
ind*'e t1e ot1er s8o*se to 'ommit t1e o))ense to
+i&e +ro*nds.
% Corr*8t 'onsentin+
<5 <!ere bot! parties !a%e gi%en ground for legal separation % A1en t2o 8ersons a'ted in 3ad )ait1- t1ey s1o*ld
3e 'onsidered as 1a&in+ a'ted in +ood )ait1.
:5 <!ere t!ere is collusion beteen t!e parties to obtain % In 'oll*sion t1e 'o*8le ma(es it a88ear t1at t1ere
decree of legal separation is a +ro*nd )or le+al se8aration 3*t a't*ally t1ere is
none.
% Corr*8t a+reement
% !1e a't need not a't*ally 1a88en
>5 <!ere t!e action is barred b# prescription % An a'tion )or le+al se8aration m*st 3e )iled 2it1in / Art5 :6$ An action for legal
years )rom t1e o''*rren'e o) t1e 'a*se. separation s!all be filed it!in
% From t1e time t1e a't o''*rred not t1e dis'o&ery o) fi%e #ears from t!e time of t!e
t1e 'a*se o) a'tion. occurrence of t!e cause
Art. 5): An action for legal separation s!all in no case be % !1e de)endant is re4*ired to ans2er t1e 8etition ./ @Fail*re to o3ser&e t1e E%
tried before si( mont!s s!all !a%e elapsed since t!e filing of days )rom t1e date o) t1e re'ei8t o) t1e 'om8laint. mont1 'oolin+ o)) 8eriod is a
t!e petition "o2e&er 21et1er or not t1e de)endant )iles an +ro*nd to set aside a de'ision
ans2er or not t1ere s1o*ld 3e no 1earin+ on t1e +rantin+ le+al se8aration.
merits 3y t1e 'o*rt *ntil a)ter a E%mont1 'oolin+%o))
8eriod is terminated. @Ot1er in'idents may 3e 1eard
d*rin+ t1e E%mont1 8eriod
s*'1 as s*88ort and '*stody.
Art. 5+: )o legal separation ma# be decreed unless t!e % !1e 'o*rt m*st try to sal&a+e t1e marria+e 3y @ "o2e&er e&en i) t1ere is no
-ourt !as ta0en steps toard t!e reconciliation of t!e ta(in+ ste8s to2ards re'on'iliation. trial t1e 'o*8le may '1oose
D. So3re8e9a ,6
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
spouses and is full# satisfied& despite suc! efforts& t!at not to li&e to+et1er. !1ey
reconciliation is !ig!l# improbable$ 'annot 3e )or'ed to li&e
to+et1er.
Art. %,: )o decree of legal separation s!all be based upon a % I) t1e de)endin+ 8arty )ails to ans2er 1e or @ I) t1e 'ase is &e1emently
stipulation of facts or a confession of "udgment$ s1e 'annot 3e de)a*lted and t1e 'o*rt s1all o88osed and 'ontested and it
In an# case& t!e -ourt s!all order t!e prosecuting attorne# order t1e 8rose'*tin+ attorney to in&esti+ate is 'lear t1at t1e liti+ation is a
or fiscal assigned to it to ta0e steps to pre%ent collusion 21et1er t1ere is 'oll*sion or not 3et2een no%1olds 3arred 'ontest and
beteen t!e parties and to ta0e care t!at t!e e%idence is not t1e 8arties. not 'oll*sion t1e non%
fabricated or suppressed$ % &en i) t1e 8arty ans2ers t1e )is'al is still inter&ention o) t1e 8rose'*tin+
mandated to ma(e s*re t1ere is no attorney is not )atal to t1e
'oll*sion and t1at t1e e&iden'e is +en*ine. &alidity o) t1e 8ro'eedin+s.
Art. %1: After t!e filing of t!e petition for legal separation& % In t1e a3sen'e o) a 2ritten a+reement @ Deat1 o) t1e 8lainti)) 3e)ore
t!e spouses s!all be entitled to li%e separatel# from eac! 3et2een t1e s8o*ses- t1e 'o*rt s1all t1e )inal de'ree in an a'tion )or
ot!er desi+nate 21o s1all administer t1e le+al se8aration terminates t1e
T!e court& in t!e absence of a ritten agreement beteen 8ro8erties (it 'an 3e a t1ird 8erson). 'ase.
t!e spouses& s!all designate eit!er of t!em or a t!ird person
to administer t!e absolute communit# or con"ugal
partners!ip propert#$ T!e administrator appointed b# t!e
court s!all !a%e t!e same poers and duties as t!ose of a
guardian under t!e Rules of -ourt$
Art. %2: Buring t!e pendenc# of t!e action for legal Art. C9$ D*rin+ t1e 8enden'y o) t1e a'tion and in t1e
separation& t!e pro%isions of Article 4: s!all li0eise appl# to a3sen'e o) a 2ritten a+reement- t1e 'o*rt 2ill
t!e support of t!e spouses and t!e custod# and support of 8ro&ide )or t1e s*88ort and '*stody.
t!e common c!ildren$
Art. %!: T!e decree of legal separation s!all !a%e t!e % !1o*+1 t1e s8o*ses are entitled to li&e se8arately @ #o '1ildren 3elo2 7 years
folloing effects: t1e marria+e 3ond s1all not 3e se&ered. !1ey are old s1all 3e se8arated )rom
*$ T!e spouses s!all be entitled to li%e separatel# from eac! still married to ea'1 ot1er. t1e mot1er *nless t1e 'o*rt
ot!er& but t!e marriage bonds s!all not be se%ered? % !1e 8ro8erty s1all 3e li4*idated- t1e o))endin+ )inds 'om8ellin+ reasons to
,$ T!e absolute communit# or t!e con"ugal partners!ip s!all s8o*se s1all 1a&e no s1are or ri+1t to t1e 8ro)its order ot1er2ise (!ender Dears
be dissol%ed and li'uidated but t!e offending spouse s!all earned and s1all 3e )or)eited in )a&or o) t1e 'ommon Do'trine)
!a%e no rig!t to an# s!are of t!e net profits earned b# t!e '1ildren i) none t1e '1ildren o) t1e +*ilty s8o*se i)
absolute communit# or t!e con"ugal partners!ip& !ic! s!all none t1en to t1e inno'ent s8o*se.
be forfeited in accordance it! t!e pro%isions of Article % !1e inno'ent s8o*se s1all +enerally 1a&e '*stody
4/2,3? o) t1e '1ildren 1o2e&er t1e maGor 'onsideration is
/$ T!e custod# of t!e minor c!ildren s!all be aarded to t!e al2ays t1e 8aramo*nt interest o) t1e '1ildren.
innocent spouse& sub"ect to t!e pro%isions of Article ,*/ of % !1e o))endin+ s8o*se s1all 3e dis4*ali)ied )rom
t!is -ode? and in1eritin+ )orm t1e inno'ent s8o*se 3y intestate
D. So3re8e9a ,9
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
4$ T!e offending spouse s!all be dis'ualified from in!eriting s*''ession )*rt1ermore 8ro&isions in )a&or o) t1e
from t!e innocent spouse b# intestate succession$ o))endin+ s8o*se made in t1e 2ill o) t1e inno'ent
Moreo%er& pro%isions in fa%or of t!e offending spouse made s8o*se s1all 3e re&o(ed 3y o8eration o) la2.
in t!e ill of t!e innocent spouse s!all be re%o0ed b#
operation of la$
Art. %$: After t!e finalit# of t!e decree of legal separation& % !1e la2 +i&es t1e o8tion to inno'ent 8arty
t!e innocent spouse ma# re%o0e t!e donations made b# !im 21et1er to re&o(e or not t1e donation o) t1e
or b# !er in fa%or of t!e offending spouse& as ell as t!e +*ilty 8arty in an ins*ran'e.
designation of t!e latter as beneficiar# in an# insurance % !1e re&o'ation m*st 3e made 2it1in /
polic#& e%en if suc! designation be stipulated as irre%ocable$ years )rom t1e time t1e de'ree o) le+al
T!e re%ocation of t!e donations s!all be recorded in t!e se8aration 1as 3e'ome )inal.
registries of propert# in t!e places !ere t!e properties are @ !1e re&o'ation o) or '1an+e in t1e desi+nation o)
located$ Alienations& liens and encumbrances registered in ins*ran'e 3ene)i'iary s1all ta(e e))e't a)ter 2ritten
good fait! before t!e recording of t!e complaint for noti)i'ation to t1e ins*rer not t1e ins*red sin'e it
re%ocation in t!e registries of propert# s!all be respected$ ma(es more sense 1o2e&er t1e la2 states
T!e re%ocation of or c!ange in t!e designation of t!e noti)i'ation s1o*ld 3e +i&en to t1e ins*red t1*s t1at
insurance beneficiar# s!all ta0e effect upon ritten s1o*ld 3e )ollo2ed.
notification t!ereof to t!e insured
T!e action to re%o0e t!e donation under t!is Article must be
broug!t it!in fi%e #ears from t!e time t!e decree of legal
separation become final$
Art. %5: If t!e spouses s!ould reconcile& a corresponding % I) t1e 'ase is still 8endin+ t1en it s1all 3e @ !1e 'reditors s1o*ld 3e
"oint manifestation under oat! dul# signed b# t!em s!all be terminated- i) t1e de'ree 1as 3een iss*ed in)ormed o) t1e '1an+es 2it1
filed it! t!e court in t!e same proceeding for legal t1en it s1all 3e set aside. re+ard to t1e 8ro8erty et'.
separation$ % Se8aration o) 8ro8erties 2ill still s*3sist- 3*t
t1e 8arties 'an enter into an a+reement to
re&i&e t1e 8rior 8ro8erty re+ime.
Art. %%: T!e reconciliation referred to in t!e preceding % ;enerally t1e la2 8ro&ides t1at one 'an
Articles s!all !a%e t!e folloing conse'uences: only )i: t1e 8ro8erty re+ime 3e)ore t1e
*$ T!e legal separation proceedings& if still pending& s!all marria+e 'ele3ration 3*t t1e r*les no2 set
t!ereb# be terminated at !ate%er stage? and )ort1 t1at t1e ado8tion o) anot1er 8ro8erty
,$ T!e final decree of legal separation s!all be set aside& but re+ime 'an 3e made aside )rom t1at 21i'1
t!e separation of propert# and an# forfeiture of t!e s!are of t1ey 1ad 8re&io*sly e:istin+ d*rin+ t1eir
t!e guilt# spouse alread# effected s!all subsist& unless t!e marria+e.
spouses agree to re%i%e t!eir former propert# regime$ FFC! OF RVIVAL$
T!e courtAs order containing t!e foregoing s!all be recorded .. I) 'reditors are noti)ied t1ey s1o*ld )ile
in t!e proper ci%il registries$ o88osition on 8ro8erties i) t1ey 1a&e de3ts
D. So3re8e9a C0
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. %(: T!e agreement to re%i%e t!e former propert# regime t1at s1o*ld 3e 8aid 3y eit1er s8o*se.
referred to in t!e preceding Article s!all be e(ecuted under 2. I) 'reditors are noti)ied 3*t t1ey donJt )ile
oat! and s!all specif#: t1ey 'annot +et )rom t1e 8ro8erties t1at 2ill
*$ T!e properties to be contributed ane to t!e restored 3e 8la'ed in 'o%o2ners1i8 in t1e re&i&al.
regime ,. I) 'reditors are not noti)ied t1en t1ey 'an
,$ T!ose to be retained as separated properties of eac! 'olle't )rom 8ro8erties 'o%o2ned.
spouse? and C. I) 'reditors are not noti)ied 3*t t1ere are
/$ T!e names of all t!eir 0non creditors& t!eir addresses se8arate 8ro8erties t1ey 'anJt +et )rom 'o%
and t!e amounts oing to eac!$ o2ned 8ro8erties.
T!e agreement of re%i%al and t!e motion for its appro%al
s!all be filed it! t!e court in t!e same proceeding for legal
separation& it! copies of bot! furnis!ed to t!e creditors
named t!erein$ After due !earing& t!e court s!all& in its
order& ta0e measure to protect t!e interest of creditors and
suc! order s!all be recorded in t!e proper registries of
properties$
T!e recording of t!e ordering in t!e registries of propert#
s!all not pre"udice an# creditor not listed or not notified&
unless t!e debtor8spouse !as sufficient separate properties
to satisf# t!e creditorAs claim$
RI;"!S A#D OFLI;A!IO#S F!A# "0SFA#D A#D AIF
Art. %): T!e !usband and ife are obliged to Reason$ So 'o*8les 2ont a3andon ea'1 ot1er @ Remedy i) ot1er s8o*se is not li&in+ 2it1 yo*$
li%e toget!er& obser%e mutual lo%e& respect and 3ased on t1eir 21ims and 'a8ri'es see( relie) )rom 'o*rt so t1at yo* do not 1a&e to
fidelit#& and render mutual !elp and support. % Pro'reation is also an essential marital +i&e 1im s*88ort.
o3li+ation.
% A 'o*rt 'annot 'om8el t1e s8o*ses to A 1*s3and 'an 3e lia3le )or ra8in+ 1is
li&e to+et1er- o3ser&e m*t*al lo&e- 2i)e 1o2e&er t1e s*3se4*ent
res8e't and )idelity. )or+i&eness 3y t1e 2i)e to t1e o))ended
RAP$ 8arty s1all e:tin+*is1 t1e 'riminal
.. Committed 3y a man a+ainst a 2oman 21o a'tion.
s1all 1a&e 'arnal (no2led+e o) 1er t1ro*+1 FFOR$ Matrimonial e:em8tion )rom ra8e
)or'e- intimidation or t1reatK 21en s1e is .. Man and 2oman 3e'ome . so man
de8ri&ed o) reason or 'ons'io*sness- 'annot ra8e 1imsel)
ma'1inations or +ra&e a3*se o) a*t1ority. 2. Marria+e 'ontra't means 2i)e 'onsents
2. &en i) none o) t1e 'ir'*mstan'es are to all and any se:*al inter'o*rse 2it1
8resent i) 2oman is 3elo2 .2 or demented. 1*s3and.
D. So3re8e9a C.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
,. Any 8erson 21o inserts any )orei+n o3Ge't RF0!$
into +enital or anal ori)i'e (ra8e 'an 3e .. Aoman 1as 'ertain ri+1ts and li3erties-
'ommitted a+ainst a man) 21i'1 se8arate 1er )rom t1e man.
C. Any 8erson 21o inserts 8enis into oral or 2. A3sol*te 'onsent is not so*nd sin'e
anal ori)i'e. marria+e itsel) is re&o'a3le.
Art. %+: T!e !usband and ife s!all fi( t!e % !1e domi'ile o) nat*ral 8ersons is t1e
famil# domicile$ In case of disagreement& t!e 8la'e o) t1eir 1a3it*al residen'e- 21ere
court s!all decide$ 8arties intend to 1a&e t1eir 8ermanent
T!e court ma# e(empt one spouse from li%ing residen'e.
it! t!e ot!er if t!e latter s!ould li%e abroad or % In 'ase o) disa+reement 3et2een t1e
t!ere are ot!er %alid and compelling reasons for 1*s3and and t1e 2i)e t1e 'o*rt s1all
t!e e(emption$ >oe%er& suc! e(emption s!all de'ide.
not appl# if t!e same is not compatible it! t!e % !1e s8o*se not li&in+ in t1e domi'ile
solidarit# of t!e famil#$ m*st 8ro&e t1e intent o) 1*s3and is )or
solidarity o) )amily.
Art. (,: T!e spouses are "ointl# responsible for NP#SS FOR S0PPOR! A#D O!"R
t!e support of t!e famil#$ T!e e(penses for CO#50;AL OFLI;A!IO#S$
suc! support and ot!er con"ugal obligations .. From t1e 'omm*nity 8ro8erty
s!all be paid from t!e communit# propert# and& 2. In a3sen'e t1ereo) in'ome o) )r*its o)
in t!e absence t!ereof& from t!e income or t1e se8arate 8ro8erties
fruits of t!eir separate properties$ In case of ,. I) ins*))i'ient or a3sent )rom t1e
insufficienc# or absence of said income or se8arate 8ro8erties t1emsel&es.
fruits& suc! obligations s!all be satisfied from
t!e separate properties$
Art. (1: T!e management of t!e !ouse!old % S1all 3e t1e ri+1t and d*ty o) 3ot1
s!all be t!e rig!t and t!e dut# of bot! spouses$ s8o*ses re+ardless o) 21at t1e
T!e e(penses for suc! management s!all be 8ro8erty re+ime is.
paid in accordance it! t!e pro%isions of Article % In t1e e&ent t1at one o) t1e s8o*ses
59$ ne+le'ts 1is or 1er d*ties or 'ommits
Art. (2: <!en one of t!e spouses neglects !is
a'ts t1at endan+er or dis1onor t1e
)amily 1e a++rie&ed 8arty may a88ly to
or !er duties to t!e con"ugal union or commits t1e 'o*rt )or relie).
acts !ic! tend to bring danger& dis!onor or FORMS OF RLIF$
in"ur# to t!e ot!er or to t!e famil#& t!e aggrie%ed .. Le+al se8aration
part# ma# appl# to t!e court for relief$ 2. Psy'1olo+i'al in'a8a'ity
,. Petition )or re'ei&ers1i8 G*di'ial-
se8aration o) 8ro8erty to 3e'ome sole
D. So3re8e9a C2
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
administrator o) 8ro8erty.
Art. (!: Eit!er spouse ma# e(ercise an# % Fased on 8res*m8tion- des8ite :'e8tions$ For t1e se8arate 8ro8erties to 3e
legitimate profession& occupation& business or o3Ge'tion (3e)ore or a)ter) it 2ill still +o lia3le t1e ot1er s8o*se m*st 1a&e no
acti%it# it!out t!e consent of t!e ot!er$ T!e to )amily. (no2led+e o) t1e immoral a'ti&ity and t1ere)ore
latter ma# ob"ect onl# on %alid& serious& and % VAAC$ I) 1*s3and 8re&ents yo* )rom 'o*ld not +i&e an o3Ge'tion e&en i) 3ene)it
moral grounds$ doin+ a ri+1t t1en 8*nis1a3le 3y la2. a''r*es to t1e )amily.
In case of disagreement& t!e court s!all decide % !1e o3Ge'tion m*st 3e all &alid- serio*s-
:'e8tion lia3ility a+ainst se8arate 8ro8erty$ I) !et!er or not: and on moral +ro*nds at t1e same
*$ T!e ob"ection is proper? and time. t1e 'reditor did not (no2 o) t1e immoral a'ti&ity
,$ @enefit !as occurred to t!e famil# prior to t!e % I) it is an isolated a'ti&ity='ontra't= or t1o*+1t it 2as to 3e *sed )or a le+itimate
ob"ection or t!ereafter$ If t!e benefit accrued 2it1o*t 'onsent o) ot1er s8o*se- t1e 3*siness- 'reditor 'an 'olle't )rom 'onG*+al
prior to t!e ob"ection& t!e resulting obligation 'onG*+al s8o*se 'anJt 3e lia3le 8ro8erties.
s!all be enforced against t!e separate propert# ;#RAL R0L$
of t!e spouse !o !as not obtained consent$ .. O3li+ations in'*rred 3e)ore or a)ter t1e
T!e foregoing pro%isions s!all not pre"udice t!e marria+e 3*t redo*ndin+ to t1e 3ene)it
rig!ts of creditors !o acted in good fait!$ o) t1e )amily s1all 3e '1ar+ed to t1e
'onG*+al 8ro8erties
2. S8o*seJs Go3 redo*nds to t1e 3ene)it o)
t1e )amily t1*s o3li+ations 'an 3e
satis)ied )rom t1e 'onG*+al 8ro8erty.
,. I) t1e 3ene)it a''r*ed 8rior to t1e
o3Ge'tion- t1e res*ltin+ o3li+ation s1all
3e en)or'ed a+ainst t1e se8arate
8ro8erty o) t1e s8o*se 21o 1as not
o3tained 'onsent.
PROPR!D RLA!IO#S
Art5 6<: !1e 8ro8erty relations1i8 3et2een Marria+e Settlements$ m*st 3e in 2ritin+ si+ned FFC! OF #O MARRIA; S!!LM#!$
1*s3and and 2i)e s1all 3e +o&erned in t1e 3y t1e 8arties- and made 8rior to t1e 'ele3ration .. I) t1e mort+a+e 2as re+istered t1en t1e
)ollo2in+ order$ o) t1e marria+e i) it is not in 2ritin+ it s1all 3e ne2 s8o*seJs 8ro8erty 2ill also 3e
.. Fy marria+e settlements e:e'*ted 3e)ore t1e *nen)or'ea3le. lia3le.
marria+eK % I) t1ere is no marria+e settlement 2. I) t1e mort+a+e 2as not re+istered t1e
2. Fy t1e 8ro&isions o) t1is CodeK and a+reed *8on or i) t1e same is &oid- t1en ne2 s8o*se 2ill not 3e lia3le 3*t t1e
,. Fy t1e lo'al '*stom. t1e a3sol*te 'omm*nity i) 8ro8erty 2ill mort+a+e 2ill 3e im8aired and t1e
D. So3re8e9a C,
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
8re&ail. de3tor s8o*se 2ill loose t1e ri+1t to
FFC! OF MARRIA; S!!LM#!$ ma(e *se o) t1e 8eriod.
.. Pro8erty in marria+e settlement is M*st +i&e ne2 se'*rities so as
re+istered did not redo*nd to )amily- not to loose t1e 8eriod.
'reditor 'ant +et )rom 'o%o2ned
2. I) marria+e settlement is not re+istered- @ I) t1e marria+e settlement does not
'an +et )rom 'o%o2ned 8arti'*lari<e any &alid 8ro8erty re+ime s*'1
,. I) redo*nded to 3ene)it o) )amily 'an +et 8ro&ision is &oid and t1*s t1e a3sol*te
)rom 'o%o2ned e&en i) not re+istered. 'omm*nity o) 8ro8erty s1all 8re&ail.
@Marria+e settlement m*st 3e )air- t1ey m*st
e:er'ise +ood )ait1 in 'ontra'tin+ t1e marria+e
settlement. "o2e&er i) t1e a+reement is not )air
as lon+ as t1e disad&anta+ed s8o*se s1o2s
t1at 1eIs1e *nderstood it t1en t1e marria+e
settlement s1all 3e maintained.
LOCAL C0S!OMS$ r*le o) 'ond*'t )ormed 3y
re8etition o) a'ts *ni)ormly o3ser&ed as a so'ial
r*le- le+ally 3indin+ and o3li+atory.
Art. (5: T!e future spouses ma#& in t!e % I) a marria+e settlement is a3sent or 8ro8erty
marriage settlements& agree upon t!e regime of re+ime a+reed *8on is &oid- A3sol*te
absolute communit#& con"ugal partners!ip of 'omm*nity o) 8ro8erty 2ill +o&ern.
gains& complete separation of propert#& or an#
ot!er regime$ In t!e absence of a marriage
settlement& or !en t!e regime agreed upon is
%oid& t!e s#stem of absolute communit# of
propert# as establis!ed in t!is -ode s!all
go%ern$
Article (%: Modifications in marriage Art5 66: !1e marria+e settlements and any Exception under Article >> and >6: Re&i&al or
settlement must be made before t!e celebration modi)i'ation t1ereo) s1all 3e in 2ritin+- si+ned ado8tion o) ne2 8ro8erty re+ime 21en t1ose
of t!e marriage$ 3y t1e 8arties and e:e'*ted 3e)ore t1e le+ally se8arated 1a&e re'on'iled.
'ele3ration o) t1e marria+e. !1ey s1all not Exception under Article 328: in 'ase o)
8reG*di'e t1ird 8ersons *nless t1ey are a3andonment o) a s8o*se ot1er s8o*se 'an
re+istered in t1e lo'al 'i&il re+istry 21ere t1e 8etition )or re'ei&ers1i8 or administration o)
marria+e 'ontra't is re'orded as 2ell as in t1e 8ro8erties or G*di'ial de'ree o) se8aration o)
8ro8er re+istries o) 8ro8erties. 8ro8erties
(Oral marria+e settlement is VOID) Exception under Article 39:: F*rt1er +ro*nds
)or G*di'ial se8aration o) 8ro8erty
D. So3re8e9a CC
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Exception under Article 39>: &ol*ntary and
&eri)ied 8etition in 'o*rt o) 3ot1 s8o*ses to
modi)y re+ime into se8arate 'omm*nity o)
8ro8erty re+ime.
Art. (): A minor !o according to la ma# - #o2 a minor or a 8erson 3elo2 .6 years old
contract marriage ma# also e(ecute !is or !er 'annot 'ontra't to a marria+e. An .6%year%old
marriage settlements& but t!e# s!all be %alid 8erson de'idin+ to +et married 'an e:e'*te a
onl# if t!e persons designated in Article *4 to marria+e settlement 2it1o*t o3tainin+ 'onsent.
gi%e consent to t!e marriage are made parties
to t!e agreement& sub"ect to t!e pro%isions of
Title IC of t!is -ode$
Art. (+: For t!e %alidit# of an# marriage - It is mandatory t1at a 8erson 2it1 'i&il
settlement e(ecuted b# a person upon !om a interdi'tion m*st 1a&e a +*ardian a88ointed 3y
sentence of ci%il interdiction !as been t1e 'o*rt to 3e in&ol&ed in ma(in+ t1e marria+e
pronounced or !o is sub"ect to an# ot!er settlement
disabilit#& it s!all be indispensable for t!e CIVIL I#!RDIC!IO#$ de8ri&es t1e o))ender
guardian appointed b# a competent court to be d*rin+ t1e senten'e- ri+1ts in marria+e- 8arental
made a part# t!ereto$ ri+1ts- and administration o) 8ro8erty.
Art. ),: In t!e absence of a contrar# stipulation :trinsi' &alidity$ !1e )orm o) t1e 'ontra't 1as to
in a marriage settlement& t!e propert# relations )ollo2 21ate&er is t1e la2 in t1e 'o*ntry )or
of t!e spouses s!all be go%erned b# ;!ilippine '1an+es to 3e made ('1an+e title et'.)
las& regardless of t!e place of t!e celebration
of t!e marriage and t!eir residence
T!is rule s!all not appl#:
*$ <!ere bot! spouses are aliens?
,$ <it! respect to t!e e(trinsic %alidit# of
contracts affecting propert# not situated in t!e
;!ilippines and e(ecuted in t!e countr# !ere
t!e propert# is located? and
/$<it! respect to t!e e(trinsic %alidit# of
contracts entered into in t!e ;!ilippines but
affecting propert# situated in a foreign countr#
!ose las re'uire different formalities for its
e(trinsic %alidit#$
Art. )1: E%er#t!ing stipulated in t!e settlements - !1e reason )or t1e marria+e settlement is t1e A Donations in marria+e settlements are
or contracts referred to in t!e preceding articles marria+e itsel) t1*s i) it does not ta(e 8la'e t1e re&o(ed 3y o8eration o) la2.
in consideration of a future marriage& including marria+e settlement s1all not 3e &alid.
D. So3re8e9a C/
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
donations beteen t!e prospecti%e spouses - !1e 8ro&isions in a marria+e settlement are
made t!erein& s!all be rendered %oid if t!e se8ara3le t1*s i) t1ere are 8ro&isions 21i'1 are
marriage does not ta0e place$ >oe%er& in&alid t1en only t1e in&alid 8ro&isions 2ill 3e
stipulations t!at do not depend upon t!e ine))e't*al 21ile t1e rest 2ill 3e en)or'ed.
celebration of t!e marriages s!all be %alid.
VOID MARRIA; S!!LM#!S
AR!ICL 7E !1ose not 2ritten- si+ned and made 3e)ore t1e
'ele3ration
Arti'le 7E !1ose t1at sti8*late t1at neit1er lo'al '*stom
nor a3sol*te 'omm*nity o) 8ro8erty 2ill +o&ern
2it1o*t sti8*latin+ any ot1er (ind o) 8ro8erty
re+ime.
Arti'le 60 !1ose made 3y a 8erson *8on 21o a senten'e Exception: *nless a +*ardian a88ointed made
o) 'i&il interdi'tion is +i&en 3y a 'om8etent 'o*rt is made 8arty t1ereto
Arti'le 6. !1ose sti8*lated in marria+e settlement or Exception: sti8*lations t1at donJt de8end on
'ontra'ts made in 'onsideration o) marria+e t1e 'ele3ration o) t1e marria+e s1all remain
(donations) 2ill 3e &oid i) marria+e does not &alid.
ta(e 8la'e
))e'ts on 'reditors
Marria+e settlements % Only needs to 3e re+istered in order to 3ind t1ird 8arties. Exception to third party rule: I) inde3tedness
I) re+istered t1ird 8arties 'annot +o a)ter 'onG*+al 8ro8erty 3ene)ited to t1e )amily t1en 'an +o a)ter 'omm*nity o)
8ro8erty.
#o marria+e settlements$ I) t1ere is no marria+e settlement$ Exception to impairment of property: i) de3tor
A3sol*te 'omm*nity o) .. I) 8ro8erty is re+istered t1en s8o*se is 3o*nd 3y immediately +i&es ne2 8ro8erty e4*ally satis)a'tory
8ro8erty. mort+a+e or +et 'onsent o) N to t1e se'*rity or 'ollateral
2. I) 8ro8erty is not re+istered t1en 8ro8erty is already esta3lis1ed- t1en 1e does not loose 8eriod o)
im8aired and t1e de3tor looses 8eriod o) loan. loan.
DO#A!IO#S
Art5 82$ Bonations b# reason of marriage are DO#A!IO#S PROP!R #0P!IAS$ Pro'ed*re%%Mo&a3le$
t!ose& !ic! are made before its celebration& in .. Donations are to 3e made 8rior to t1e 'ele3ration o) .. A''e8ted 8ersonally or
consideration of t!e same& and in fa%or of one or marria+e re8resentati&e
bot! of t!e future spouses$ 2. M*st 3e made in )a&or o) . or 3ot1 o) t1e s8o*ses. Can 2. Made in li)etime o) donor and
3e made 3y a t1ird 8arty in t1e settlement. donee
Art. )!: T!ese donations are go%erned b# t!e Donation bet!een spouses: ,. Can 3e orally +i&en as lon+ as
rules on ordinar# donations establis!ed in Title III .. A &alid marria+e settlement m*st sti8*late 2it1 sim*ltaneo*s deli&ery or
of @oo0 III of t!e -i%il -ode& insofar as t!e# are anot1er re+ime t1an A3sol*te Comm*nity o) do'*ment re8resentin+ ri+1t o)
not modified b# t!e folloing articles$ Pro8erty (ACP) donated (i) a3o&e /000 t1en m*st 3e
D. So3re8e9a CE
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
2. Donation 'annot 3e more t1an .I/ o) t1e 8resent in 2ritin+)
Art. )$: If t!e future spouses agree upon a 8ro8erty o) t1e donee s8o*se.
regime ot!er t!an t!e absolute communit# of ,. M*st 3e a''e8ted and 'om8ly 2it1 ot1er. Pro'ed*re%%Immo&a3le$
propert#& t!e# cannot donate to eac! ot!er in :'e8tion$ .I/ r*le 2ill not a88ly i) donation is in a ..m*st 3e in 8*3li' do'*ment
t!eir marriage settlements more t!an one8fift! of se8arate deed- 8ro&ided 1e 1as eno*+1 to s*88ort 2. A''e8tan'e made in t1at
t!eir present propert#$ An# e(cess s!all be 1imsel) and t1ose relyin+ on 1im. do'*ment or se8arate
considered %oid$ ,. M*st 3e made in li)etime o) donor.
Bonations of future propert# s!all be go%erned
DO#A!IO#S NCL0DD$ b# t!e pro%isions on testamentar# succession
and t!e formalities of ills$ .. Made in )a&or o) t1e
s8o*ses a)ter t1e
'ele3ration o) t1e marria+e
2. :e'*ted in )a&or o) t1e
)*t*re s8o*ses 3*t not in
'onsideration o) marria+e
,. ;ranted to 8ersons ot1er
t1an t1e s8o*ses e&en
t1o*+1 t1ey may 3e )o*nded
on t1e marria+e.
Article )5: Bonations b# reason of marriage of #C0MFRA#C$ Anyt1in+ t1at im8airs t1e *se or
propert# sub"ect to encumbrances s!all be %alid$ trans)er o) 8ro8erty (3*rdened)
In case of foreclosure of t!e encumbrance and % I) t1e o3Ge't o) t1e donation is en'*m3ered it is still &alid
t!e propert# is sold for less t!an t!e total amount 3*t t1e doneeJs ri+1ts is still s*3Ge't to t1e en'*m3ran'e.
of t!e obligation secured& t!e donee s!all not be I# CAS OF #C0MFRA#C OF PROPR!D$
liable for t!e deficienc#$ If t!e propert# is sold for .. Donee 2ont 3e lia3le )or ins*))i'ien'y o) 8ro8erty to
more t!an t!e total amount of said obligation& t!e 'reditor. !1e donor 2ill still 3e lia3le )or t1at.
donee s!all be entitled to t!e e(cess$ 2. Donee 'an (ee8 e:'ess i) 8ro8erty more t1an satis)ies
t1e de3t.
,. Donee 'annot as( )or reim3*rsement )rom donor i)
mort+a+e is )ore'losed.
% F*t 2ont 3e lia3le )or de)i'ien'y- and +ets t1e e:'ess i)
sold )or more t1an amo*nt.
Art. )%: A donation b# reason of marriage ma# .. Marria+e is not 'ele3rated or is &oid a3 initio Exception$ I) t1e donation is in t1e
be re%o0ed b# t!e donor in t!e folloing cases: (in'l*din+ art. /2%/,) marria+e settlement it 2ill 3e
*$ If t!e marriage is not celebrated or "udiciall# Prescription: re&o(ed 3y o8eration o) la2.
declared %oid ab initio e(cept donations made in % Marria+e is &oid$ / years )rom 5*di'ial Exception: I) t1e marria+e is &oid
t!e marriage settlements& !ic! s!all be De'laration o) #*llity (i) doesnJt 2ant to +i&e it d*e to Arti'le C0- or Arti'le CC- t1en
D. So3re8e9a C7
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
go%erned b# Article 6*? 3a'(- 8res'ri3e a)ter 6 years )or mo&a3le- ,0 a*tomati'ally re&o(ed
,$ <!en t!e marriage ta0es place it!out t!e years )or immo&a3le)
consent of t!e parents or guardian& as re'uired % Marria+e not 'ele3rated$ / years )rom 21en it
b# la? 2as not 'ele3rated
/$ <!en t!e marriage is annulled& and t!e donee 2. Marria+e ta(es 8la'e 2it1o*t 'onsent o) 8arents
acted in bad fait!? Prescription:
4$ Upon legal separation& t!e donee being t!e % / years )rom t1e time 1e 1ad (no2led+e t1at 'onsent
guilt# spouse? 2as not o3tained- a)ter t1e marria+e.
1$ If it is it! a resolutor# condition and t!e ,. 08on le+al se8aration 21en donee is t1e +*ilty Exception: i) t1e +ro*nd )or le+al
condition is complied it!? s8o*se se8aration is in)idelity in t1e )orm o)
=$ <!en t!e donee !as committed an act of Prescription: ad*ltery or 'on'*3ina+e it 2ill 3e
ingratitude as specified b# t!e pro%isions of t!e - / years )rom )inality o) de'ree. a*tomati'ally &oid.
-i%il -ode on donations in general$ C. A1en t1ere is a resol*tory 'a*se and t1e Exception: 3et2een 1*s3and and
'ondition 1as 3een 'om8lied 2it1 2i)e 8res'ri8tion does not r*n.
Prescription:
/ years )rom t1e 1a88enin+ o) t1e resol*tory 'ondition.
E. A'ts o) in+ratit*de$
% Donee 'ommits an o))ense a+ainst t1e 8erson or
8ro8erty o) t1e donor- 1is 2i)e- or '1ildren
% Donee im8*tes to t1e donor any 'riminal o))ense
in&ol&in+ moral t*r8it*de *nless it a+ainst t1e donee
% Donee *nd*ly re)*ses to s*88ort donor 21en 1e is
le+ally or morally 3o*nd to +i&e s*88ort.
Prescription:
% . year )rom t1e time t1e donor 1ad (no2led+e o) t1e
)a't o) in+ratit*de
Art. )(: E%er# donation or grant of gratuitous % A1at 'onstit*tes a moderate +i)t de8ends on t1e 4oid Donations: ('onsidered
ad%antage& direct or indirect& beteen t!e )inan'ial 'a8a'ity o) t1e donor. indire't donations to t1e s8o*se)
spouses during t!e marriage s!all be %oid& % 0nder t1e last senten'e o) Art. 67it m*st 3e .. !o a ste8'1ild 21o 1as no
e(cept moderate gifts !ic! t!e spouses ma# s1o2n t1at t1e donation 2as made at a time 'om8*lsory or le+al 1eirs
gi%e eac! ot!er on t!e occasion of an# famil# 21en t1ey 2ere still li&in+ to+et1er as 1*s3and 2. !o a 'ommon '1ild 21o 1as
re"oicing$ T!e pro!ibition s!all also appl# to and 2i)e 2it1o*t t1e 3ene)it o) marria+e. o 'om8*lsory or le+al 1eirs
persons li%ing toget!er as !usband and ife % Validity o) donation or trans)er 'annot 3e ,. !o t1e 8arents o) t1e ot1er
it!out a %alid marriage$ '1allen+ed 3y anyone *nless t1ose t1at 2ill 3e s8o*se
a))e'ted 3y t1e donation. C. !o t1e ot1er so*seJs
RSRVA !RO#CAL$ t1e as'endant 21o in1erits )rom ado8ted '1ild
1is des'endant any 8ro8erty 21i'1 t1e later may 1a&e /. !o 'ommon ado8ted '1ild
D. So3re8e9a C6
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
a'4*ired 3y +rat*ito*s title )rom anot1er as'endant or 21o 1as no ot1er
si3lin+ is o3li+ed to reser&e s*'1 8ro8erty )or t1e 3ene)it 'om8*lsory and or le+al
o) relati&es 2it1in t1e ,
rd
de+ree and 21o 3elon+ to t1e 1eirs.
same line.
:. " is married to A and 1as a son S. " 1as a 3rot1er
F. " dies and donates to S 1is 8ro8erty. A)ter 21i'1- S
dies 2it1o*t any 1eirs and t1*s t1e 8ro8erty +oes to A. I)
A dies t1e 8ro8erty does not +o to 1er 1eir 3*t to F so
t1at t1e 8ro8erty stays in t1e same line o) t1e ori+inal
o2ner (on'e o2ed 3y ") and is 2it1in t1e t1ird de+ree o)
S.
Property &e#ime Bhat included Bhat excluded ,otes Char#es i$uidation process
Absolute All 8ro8erties Article C2: Art5 8C$ )o ai%er of rig!ts& Article C<$ 'ermination:
community of o2ned 3e)ore and ..8ro&ided in marria+e s!ares and effects of t!e 35 S*88ort (s8o*ses- Art. +(: Eit!er
property a)ter. settlement absolute communit# of 'ommon P le+itimate spouse ma# dispose
Art. ))$ T!e 2. Personal and e:'l*si&e propert# during t!e '1ildren) b# ill of !is or !er
absolute communit# Art. +1: Unless *se o) eit1er s8o*se marriage can be made % &en 3eyond a+e o) interest in t!e
of propert# beteen ot!erise pro%ided (e:'e8t Ge2elry) e(cept in case of "udicial maGority communit# propert#$
spouses s!all in t!is -!apter or in % "o2e&er i) e:'l*si&e separation of propert#$ 25 De3ts P o3li+ations
commence at t!e t!e marriage 8ro8erty is *sed to made 3y 3ot1- Art. +): )eit!er
precise moment settlements& t!e 8*r'1ase somet1in+ else <!en t!e ai%er ta0es administrator- or 2it1 spouse ma# donate
t!at t!e marriage is communit# propert# s*'1 8ro8erty 3e'omes place upon a "udicial 'onsent o) ot1er s8o*se an# communit#
celebrated$ An# s!all consist of all 8art o) ACP separation of propert#& or (e&en i) did not redo*nd) propert# it!out t!e
stipulation& e(press t!e propert# oned ..Pro8erty a'4*ired 3y after t!e marriage !as been 95 D P O 2it1o*t 'onsent consent of t!e ot!er$
or implied& for t!e b# t!e spouses at +rat*ito*s title in'l*din+ dissol%ed or annulled& t!e 3*t redo*nded. >oe%er& eit!er
commencement of t!e time of t!e t1e )r*its and in'ome same s!all appear in a <5 :8enses )or 'omm*nity spouse ma#& it!out
t!e communit# celebration of t!e 0#LSS t1e +*arantor public instrument and s!all 8ro8erty (ta:es- liens- t!e consent of t!e
regime at an# ot!er marriage or e:8ressly said t1ey 2ill be recorded as pro%ided in '1ar+es) ot!er& ma0e moderate
time s!all be %oid ac'uired t!ereafter$ )orm 8art o) ACP Article 55$ T!e creditors of :. !a:es P e:8enses )or donations from t!e
% M*st 3e a &alid donation t!e spouse !o made suc! 8reser&ation d*rin+ communit# propert#
(De)a*lt re+ime i) ('ant 3e donation made ai%er ma# petition t!e marria+e o) se8arate for c!arit# or on
not1in+ sti8*late B Art. +!: ;ropert# 3y one s8o*se to anot1er) court to rescind t!e ai%er 8ro8erty used 3y )amily occasions of famil#
e:'e8tion$ ac'uired during t!e 2.Pro8erty a'4*ired 3y to t!e e(tent of t!e amount >. :8enses )or sel)% re"oicing or famil#
s*3se4*ent marriage is eit1er s8o*se 21o 1as sufficient to co%er t!e im8ro&ement or 8ro)ession. distress
marria+e a)ter presumed to belong le#itimate descendants amount of t!eir credits$ 6. Anten*8tial de3ts Article CC:
D. So3re8e9a C9
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
deat1 2ill to t!e communit#& and t1e )r*its o) t1at @ #o 2ai&er o) ri+1ts-
a*tomati'ally 3e unless it is pro%ed 8ro8erty interests- s1ares- and
CSP i) t1ere 2as no t!at it is one of @Ainnin+s )rom +am3lin+ e))e'ts 2it1o*t G*di'ial
8ro8er li4*idation o) t!ose e(cluded (losses 3orne 3y looser) se8aration or dissol*tion or
t1e 8ro8erties o) t1e t!erefrom$ ann*lment o) marria+e B
8re&io*s marria+e) s1all a88ear in a 8*3li'
instr*ment ('reditors may
Art. +,: T!e res'ind 2ai&er *8 to e:tent
pro%isions on co8 o) t1e de3t)
oners!ip s!all
Art. +%: T!e administration appl# to t!e
absolute communit# and en"o#ment of t!e
of propert# beteen communit# propert# s!all
t!e spouses in all belong to bot! spouses
matters not "ointl#$ In case of
pro%ided for in t!is disagreement& t!e
-!apter$ !usbandAs decision s!all
pre%ail& sub"ect to recourse
to t!e court b# t!e ife for
proper remed#& !ic! must
be a%ailed of it!in fi%e
#ears from t!e date of t!e
contract implementing suc!
decision$
In t!e e%ent t!at one
spouse is incapacitated or
ot!erise unable to
participate in t!e
administration of t!e
common properties& t!e
ot!er spouse ma# assume
sole poers of
administration$ T!ese
poers do not include
disposition or encumbrance
it!out aut!orit# of t!e court
or t!e ritten consent of t!e
redo*ndin+ to )amily .. Deat1
85 Donation made 3y both % Same 8ro'eedin+ as
s8o*ses )or '1ildren to settlement o) estate.
8*rs*e &o'ation or sel)% S8o*se s1all li4*idate
im8ro&ement 8ro8erty i) no G*di'ial
C. For ille+itimate '1ildren- settlement 8ro'eedin+
)ines )or 'rimesI4*asi deli't 2it1in . year. A)ter .
in 'ase o) insufficiency. year 'annot may
(Ad&an'es) en'*m3ran'e on
3D. :8enses )or liti+ation 8ro8erty.
@ Solidary lia3ility does not 2. Le+al se8aration
in'l*de ante%n*8tial de3ts C. Ann*lled or &oid
not redo*ndin+- s*88ort o) (+o&erned 3y art. .C7
ille+itimate- lia3ilities t1r* P .C6 e:'e8t i) &oid
'rimeIdeli't. *nder Arti'le C0)
/. 5*di'ial se8aration
Art. +5: <!ate%er ma# be o) 8ro8erty
lost during t!e marriage in E. Rea88earan'e o) a
an# game of c!ance& s8o*se 8res*med
betting& seepsta0es& or dead.
an# ot!er 0ind of gambling& Procedure:
!et!er permitted or Article 3D2:
pro!ibited b# la& s!all be .. In&entory (se8arate
borne b# t!e loser and and 'omm*nity)
s!all not be c!arged to t!e 2. DPO o) ACP s1all
communit# but an# 3e 8aid o*t- in 'ase o)
innings t!erefrom s!all ins*))i'ien'y solidarily
form part of t!e communit# lia3le 2it1 se8arate
propert#$ 8ro8erty.
,. :'l*si&e 8ro8
deli&ered.
C. #et remainder o)
ACP di&ided e4*ally
*nless di))erent
8ro8ortion in
settlement or 2ai&er.
/. Deli&ery o)
D. So3re8e9a /0
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
ot!er spouse$ In t!e 8res*m8ti&e
absence of suc! aut!orit# or le+itimates
consent& t!e disposition or E. ConG*+al d2ellin+
encumbrance s!all be %oid$ 2it1 s8o*se 2it1 most
>oe%er& t!e transaction '1ildren
s!all be construed as a
continuing offer on t!e part
of t!e consenting spouse
and t!e t!ird person& and
ma# be perfected as a
binding contract upon t!e
acceptance b# t!e ot!er
spouse or aut!ori.ation b#
t!e court before t!e offer is
it!dran b# eit!er or bot!
offerors.
@ S8o*ses administer and
enGoy 8ro8erty Gointly.
"*s3and de'ision 8re&ails
s*3Ge't to re'o*rse o) 2i)e
2it1in / years )rom date o)
'ontra't im8lementin+
de'ision. F0! i) 2i)e rati)ies
'ontra't e:8ress or im8lied
'ant ann*l anymore.
% I) dis8osition is made
2it1o*t (no2led+e or
'onsent o) ot1er 8erson no
8res'ri8tion.
ACP SE;ARATIO) I) FA-T: - A3andonment is di))erent )rom se8aration in )a't.
Art. 1,,: T!e separation in fact beteen A3andonment 1as to do 2it1 total a3di'ation o) all marital
!usband and ife s!all not affect t!e regime of and 8arental a*t1ority.
absolute communit# e(cept t!at: % I) t1e s8o*se le)t 2it1 a &alid 'a*se 1e or s1e 'an still 3e
s*88orted )rom t1e ACP.
*$T!e spouse !o lea%es t!e con"ugal !ome or % !1e ACP 'an still 3e lia3le )or o3li+ations in'*rred 3y t1e
refuses to li%e t!erein& it!out "ust cause& s!all se8aratin+ s8o*se t1at may redo*nd to t1e 3ene)it o) t1e
not !a%e t!e rig!t to be supported? )amily.
D. So3re8e9a /.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
,$<!en t!e consent of one spouse to an# % &en t1e +*ilty s8o*se 'an 'om8el t1e sale o) 8ro8erty-
transaction of t!e ot!er is re'uired b# la& 21i'1 2ill redo*nd to t1e 3ene)it o) t1e )amily.
"udicial aut!ori.ation s!all be obtained in a % Only t1e 8resent s8o*se is +i&en standin+ 3y t1e la2 to
summar# proceeding? )ile a 8etition to en'*m3er or administer t1e 8ro8erty o) t1e
/$ In t!e absence of sufficient communit# ot1er s8o*se.
propert#& t!e separate propert# of bot! spouses
s!all be solidaril# liable for t!e support of t!e
famil#$ T!e spouse present s!all& upon proper
petition in a summar# proceeding& be gi%en
"udicial aut!orit# to administer or encumber an#
specific separate propert# of t!e ot!er spouse
and use t!e fruits or proceeds t!ereof to satisf#
t!e latterAs s!are$
ACP Art. 1,1: If a spouse it!out "ust cause A.A,DO,*E,': Im8lies a de8art*re 3y one s8o*se
abandons t!e ot!er or fails to compl# it! !is or 2it1 t1e a&o2ed intent ne&er to ret*rn- )ollo2ed 3y
!er obligations to t!e famil#& t!e aggrie%ed 8rolon+ed a3sen'e 2it1o*t G*st 'a*se.
spouse ma# petition t!e court for recei%ers!ip& % S1o*ld not only 3e 81ysi'al 3*t also )inan'ial and moral
for "udicial separation of propert# or for aut!orit# desertion.
to be t!e sole administrator of t!e absolute
communit#& sub"ect to suc! precautionar#
conditions as t!e court ma# impose$
T!e obligations to t!e famil# mentioned in t!e
preceding paragrap! refer to marital& parental or
propert# relations$
A spouse is deemed to !a%e abandoned t!e
ot!er !en !er or s!e !as left t!e con"ugal
delling it!out intention of returning$ T!e
spouse !o !as left t!e con"ugal delling for a
period of t!ree mont!s or !as failed it!in t!e
same period to gi%e an# information as to !is or
!er !ereabouts s!all be prima facie presumed
to !a%e no intention of returning to t!e con"ugal
delling$
ConEu#al Article 3D>: Article 3DC: Art5 3D6$ T!e rules Article 323: 'ermination:
Partnership of % Pro'eeds- 8rod*'ts- .. Fro*+1t into t1e pro%ided in Articles 66 and ..s*88ort o) s8o*se 'ommon Article 32>:
D. So3re8e9a /2
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
%ains: )r*its and in'ome )rom marria+e as 1is or 1er
Art5 3D:: In case t1eir se8arate o2n
t!e future spouses 8ro8erties 2. A'4*ired 3y
agree in t!e % !1ose a'4*ired 3y +rat*ito*s title
marriage t1eir e))orts or '1an'e % Fy 2ay o) s*''ession
settlements t!at t!e % In'ome and )r*its 3y % "onorari*m (+i&en in
regime of con"ugal +rat*ito*s title (di)) a88re'iation )or
partners!ip gains )rom ACP) ser&i'es rendered)
s!all go%ern t!eir % Ann*ity$ retirement ,. A'4*ired 3y ri+1t o)
propert# relations on an ann*ity redem8tion- 3arter-
during marriage& (re'ei&ed as a matter e:'1an+e
t!e pro%isions in o) ri+1t) % &en i) money *sed
t!is -!apter s!all %Pension$ serio*s to redeem is 'onG*+al
be of 8re&io*sly rendered (reim3*rsement)
supplementar# )or 21i'1 )*ll and C. Fo*+1t 2it1
application$ ade4*ate e:'l*si&e money o)
'om8ensation 2as eit1er s8o*se.
T!e pro%isions of not re'ei&ed at t1e @Onero*s donations
t!is -!apter s!all time. @Desi+nated s1are in
also appl# to Article 336: donation
con"ugal .. A'4*ired 3y @;rat*ity (amo*nt
partners!ips of onero*s title *sin+ +i&en 3y +o3Js )or
gains alread# 'ommon )*nds. 8re&io*s 2or()
establis!ed 2. O3tained 3y la3or
beteen spouses or ind*stry or 2or( Art. 11,: T!e spouses
before t!e ,. Fr*its- nat*ral- retain t!e oners!ip&
effecti%it# of t!is ind*strial- or 'i&il d*e possession&
-ode& it!out re'ei&ed d*rin+ administration and
pre"udice to %ested marria+e )rom en"o#ment of t!eir
rig!ts alread# 'ommon 8ro8 e(clusi%e properties$
ac'uired in % ,et )r*its o)
accordance it! t!e e:'l*si&e 8ro8erty Eit!er spouse ma#&
-i%il -ode or ot!er F0! 8ersonal during t!e marriage&
las& as pro%ided in dama+es are not transfer t!e
Article ,1=$ 'onG*+al. administration of !is or
C. S1are in 1idden !er e(clusi%e propert#
Pres*m8tion is t1at treas*re to t!e ot!er b# means
6: s!all also appl# to
con"ugal partners!ip
of gains$
Art. 1,): T!e con"ugal
partners!ip s!all be
go%erned b# t!e rules on
t!e contract of partners!ip
in all t!at is not in conflict
it! !at is e(pressl#
determined in t!is -!apter
or b# t!e spouses in t!eir
marriage settlements$
Pro1i3ition on 2ai&er.
@Pro8erties 3ro*+1t into t1e
marria+e 3y t1e 'ontra'tin+
8arties 3elon+ to ea'1 o)
t1em e:'l*si&ely.
% it1er s8o*se 'an
trans)er admin o) 8ro8
to ot1er s8o*se t1r*
8*3li' instr*ment.
Art. 11): ;ropert# boug!t
on installments paid partl#
from e(clusi%e funds of
eit!er or bot! spouses and
partl# from con"ugal funds
belongs to t!e bu#er or
bu#ers if full oners!ip
as %ested before t!e
marriage and to t!e
con"ugal partners!ip if
suc! oners!ip as
%ested during t!e
marriage$ In eit!er case&
an# amount ad%anced b#
and le+itimate '1ildren ..Deat1
2.DPO 3y admin- 3ot1 or 2.Le+al Se8aration
eit1er s8o*se 2it1 'onsent o) ,. Ann*lled or
ot1er. de'lared &oid.
,.DPO 2it1o*t 'onsent o) C.5*di'ial Se8aration
ot1er 3*t redo*ndin+.
C.e:8enses )or 'onG*+al 8ro8 Arti'le .27 and .26$
(ta:es- liens) %Pro&isions on
/.ta:es and e:8enses )or se8aration in )a't and
preservation o) se8arate a3andonment 1as t1e
8ro8erty (no need )or *se) same a88li'ation as in
E.e:8enses )or s8o*se )or ACP arti'le .00 and
8ro)ession or sel)% .0..
im8ro&ement. Procedure:
7.Anten*8tial de3ts Article 32C:
redo*ndin+ to )amily. ..In&entory o)
6.donation o) 3ot1 )or se8arate and 'onG*+al
'1ildren )or 8ro)ession or 8ro8
sel)%im8ro&ement. 2.Payment o)
9.e:8enses o) liti+ation ad&an'es
3et2een s8o*ses ,.Reim3*rsement to
,ot to be paid by cp#: t1e s8o*ses.
Article 322: C.DPO 8aid o*t 3y
%Payment o) 8ersonal de3ts CP;- ins*))i'ien'y
'ontra'ted 3y t1e 1*s3and or solidarily lia3le.
2i)e 3e)ore or d*rin+ t1e /.e:'l*si&e 8ro8
marria+e *nless t1ey deli&ered
redo*nded to t1e 3ene)it o) E.loss or deterioration
t1e )amily. o) mo&a3les 8aid )rom
"o2e&er- )ines and CP;
indemnities im8osed s*88ort 7.#et remainder to 3e
o) ille+itimate '1ildren 'an 3e di&ided (*nless MS or
8aid 3y t1e assets AF!R 2ai&er)
t1e 8ayment o) o3li+ations 6.Deli&ery o)
8ro&ided in Art. .2.. F*t at 8res*m8ti&e le+itimes
t1e time o) li4*idation t1e 9.ConG*+al d2ellin+
s8o*se 21o *sed s*'1 )*nds
D. So3re8e9a /,
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
all 8ro8erty /. Fis1in+ and 1*ntin+ of a public instrument& t!e partners!ip or b# eit!er
a'4*ired d*rin+ E. :'ess li&esto'( !ic! s!all be or bot! spouses s!all be
marria+e e&en i) in (t1ose 3ro*+1t in to recorded in t!e registr# reimbursed b# t!e oner
t1e name o) one t1e marria+e 3y one of propert# of t!e place or oners upon li'uidation
s8o*se is 'onG*+al 2ill reim3*rsed t!e propert# is located. of t!e partners!ip$
*nless ot1er2ise 7. A'4*ired 3y '1an'e
Property bou#ht before 8ro&ided.
but title re#istered after
marria#e: still 'onsidered
e:'l*si&e 8ro8erty e&en i)
s8o*se is made 'o%o2ner
in title ('onsidered a tr*st)
Separate property plus
conEu#al funds to buy a
ne! property: ne2
8ro8erty 2ill 3e 'onsidered
'onG*+al.
Property bou#ht on
installment partly from
exclusive and partly from
conEu#al: 21en title 2as
&ested 2ill +o&ern- t1en
reim3*rse (Art. ..9)
Principal payments and
interest paid to a spouse
durin# marria#e: 8rin'i8al
amt is e:'l*si&e 21ile
interest is 'onG*+al.
2ill 3e '1ar+ed.
If char#es are paid; and
no property or
insufficient CP% pays:
%Fines- de3ts before
t1e marria+e
%S*88ort o) ille+itimate
@S*3Ge't to reim3*rsement
(ACP no need to 8ay o*t
all '1ar+es )irst)
Article 32D
35I) im8ro&ement made 3y
'8 is more t1an &al*e o) t1e
8ro8erty- entire 8ro8erty 2ill
3e 'onG*+al Breim3*rse
s8o*se.
25 I) amo*nt is not more
t1an it 2ill still 3e se8arate
8ro8erty s*3Ge't to
reim3*rsement to CP;.
(O2ners1i8 2ill &est *8on
reim3*rsement)
Art5 329$ <!ate%er ma# be
lost during t!e marriage in
an# game of c!ance or in
betting& seepsta0es& or an#
ot!er 0ind of gambling
!et!er permitted or
pro!ibited b# la& s!all be
borne b# t!e loser and s!all
not be c!arged to t!e
con"ugal partners!ip but an#
innings t!erefrom s!all
form part of t!e con"ugal
partners!ip propert#$
Arti'le .,0$ in 'ase o)
deat1 t1e li4*idation
8ro'eedin+ 2ill 3e in
t1e same 8ro'eedin+
as t1e settlement o)
t1e estate o) t1e
de'eased. (Same
a88li'ation as in ACP
arti'le .0,)
Art5 399: From t!e
common mass of
propert# support s!all
be gi%en to t!e
sur%i%ing spouse and
to t!e c!ildren during
t!e li'uidation of t!e
in%entoried propert#
and until !at
belongs to t!em is
deli%ered? but from
t!is s!all be deducted
t!at amount recei%ed
for support !ic!
e(ceeds t!e fruits or
rents pertaining to
t!em$
D. So3re8e9a /C
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
CP% Art. 11,: T!e spouses retain t!e oners!ip& % a'1 s8o*se is to retain o2ners1i8-
possession& administration and en"o#ment of administration- 8ossession and enGoyment o) t1eir
t!eir e(clusi%e properties$ e:'l*si&e 8ro8erties.
Eit!er spouse ma#& during t!e marriage& transfer
% Administration in'l*des enterin+ into 'ontra'ts-
en+a+in+ in liti+ation- and 'olle'tion o) )r*its-
t!e administration of !is or !er e(clusi%e 8ro)its and in'ome arisin+ )rom se8arate 8ro8erty.
propert# to t!e ot!er b# means of a public % !1e o2ner s8o*se 'an trans)er administration o)
instrument& !ic! s!all be recorded in t!e t1e 8ro8erty not only to t1e ot1er s8o*se 3*t also
registr# of propert# of t!e place t!e propert# is to any t1ird 8erson 2it1o*t t1e 'onsent o) t1e
located$ ot1er s8o*se.
CP% Art5 333: A spouse of age ma# mortgage& % Art. ... is no lon+er ne'essary- as t1e a+e o)
encumber& alienate or ot!erise dispose of !is marria+e is also t1e a+e o) eman'i8ation.
or !er e(clusi%e propert#& it!out t!e consent of % I) t1e o2ner%s8o*se alienates 1is 8ro8erty t1e
t!e ot!er spouse& and appear alone in court to administration 3y t1e ot1er s8o*se o&er s*'1
litigate it! regard to t!e same$ 8ro8erty 2ill 'ease and t1e 8ro'eeds 2ill +o to t1e
Art5 332: T!e alienation of an# e(clusi%e
o2ner.
% !1e o2ner%s8o*se 'annot re&o(e a G*di'ially
propert# of a spouse administered b# t!e ot!er a88ro&ed administration 3y t1e ot1er s8o*se o)
automaticall# terminates t!e administration o%er 1is 8ro8erty 3y alienatin+ it. !1*s to alienate t1e
suc! propert# and t!e proceeds of t!e alienation 8ro8erty 1e m*st +et t1e 'onsent o) t1e
s!all be turned o%er to t!e oner8spouse$ administrator%s8o*se or 'o*rt a88ro&al.
CP% Art. 11!: ;ropert# donated or left b# ill to t!e % !1e donor may donate 21ate&er 1e 2is1es to
spouses& "ointl# and it! designation of 21ome&er 1e 2ants. !1*s 1e may donate a 8ie'e
determinate s!ares& s!all pertain to t!e donee8 o) 8ro8erty to 3ot1 s8o*ses Gointly or may s8e'i)y
spouses as !is or !er on e(clusi%e propert#& 1o2 m*'1 o) t1e 8ro8erty s1o*ld +o to t1e
and in t!e absence of designation& s!are and 1*s3and and 1o2 m*'1 s1o*ld +o to t1e 2i)e.
s!are ali0e& it!out pre"udice to t!e rig!t of ACCR!IO#$ addition o) 8ro8erty to anot1er 8ro8erty
accretion !en proper$ ;eneral r*le$ in a Goint donation one 'annot a''e8t
Art. 11$: If t!e donations are onerous& t!e
inde8endently o) 1is 'o%donee *nless it is sti8*lated or
*nless it is 3et2een 1*s3and and 2i)e.
amount of t!e c!arges s!all be borne b# t!e :. D donates land to " and A 21o are married. D
e(clusi%e propert# of t!e donee spouse& donates .I, to A and 2I, to ". I) A does not a''e8t t1e
!ene%er t!e# !a%e been ad%anced b# t!e donation it 2ill 3e 'onsidered added on to t1e s1are o) t1e
con"ugal partners!ip of gains$ 1*s3and. "o2e&er i) it is a s8e'i)i' desi+nation s*'1 as "
Art. 115: Retirement benefits& pensions&
2ill +et a 'ar and A 2ill +et a 1orse- a''retion 2ill not
a88ly.
annuities& gratuities& usufructs and similar % In t1e 'ase o) 2ills )or a''retion to ta(e e))e't- t1e nat*re
D. So3re8e9a //
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
benefits s!all be go%erned b# t!e rules on o) t1e in1eritan'e m*st 3e pro indi%isio (not di&ided- t1e
gratuitous or onerous ac'uisitions as ma# be terms Q or in e4*al s1ares is does not ma(e it di&ided).
proper in eac! case$
CP% Art. 12$: T!e administration and en"o#ment of % Any alienation made 3y eit1er s8o*se 2it1o*t t1e
t!e con"ugal partners!ip s!all belong to bot! 'onsent o) t1e ot1er is in&alid.
spouses "ointl#$ In case of disagreement& t!e % In 'ase t1e 1*s3and dis8oses o) 8ro8erty o&er t1e
!usbandAs decision s!all pre%ail& sub"ect to o3Ge'tion o) t1e 2i)e- t1e 2i)e may )ile a 'ase to
recourse to t!e court b# t!e ife for proper ann*l t1e entire 'ontra't or 8art o) it.
remed#& !ic! must be a%ailed of it!in fi%e
#ears from t!e date of t!e contract implementing
suc! decision$
In t!e e%ent t!at one spouse is incapacitated or
ot!erise unable to participate in t!e
administration of t!e con"ugal properties& t!e
ot!er spouse ma# assume sole poers of
administration$ T!ese poers do not include
disposition or encumbrance it!out aut!orit# of
t!e court or t!e ritten consent of t!e ot!er
spouse$ In t!e absence of suc! aut!orit# or
consent& t!e disposition or encumbrance s!all be
%oid$ >oe%er& t!e transaction s!all be
construed as a continuing offer on t!e part of t!e
consenting spouse and t!e t!ird person& and
ma# be perfected as a binding contract upon t!e
acceptance b# t!e ot!er spouse or aut!ori.ation
b# t!e court before t!e offer is it!dran b#
eit!er or bot! offerors$ ?3>:a@
Art. 125: )eit!er spouse ma# donate an#
con"ugal partners!ip propert# it!out t!e
consent of t!e ot!er$ >oe%er& eit!er spouse
ma#& it!out t!e consent of t!e ot!er& ma0e
moderate donations from t!e con"ugal
partners!ip propert# for c!arit# or on occasions
of famil# re"oicing or famil# distress$
Separation of - !1ey o2n e&eryt1in+ se8arately 3*t still lia3le Article 39>: Vol*ntary Se8aration &evival:
property )or )amily e:8enses in 8ro8ortion to t1eir in'ome %S8o*ses may a+ree on t1e se8aration o) t1eir 8ro8erties Article 3<3:
D. So3re8e9a /E
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. 1!$: In t!e
absence of an
e(press declaration
in t!e marriage
settlements& t!e
separation of
propert# beteen
spouses during t!e
marriage s!all not
ta0e place e(cept
b# "udicial order$
Suc! "udicial
separation of
propert# ma# eit!er
be %oluntar# or for
sufficient cause$
(Can 3e sti8*lated
in MS 21i'1 s1all
+o&ern and FC 2ill
only 3e
s*88lementary in
nat*re- in t1e
a3sen'e t1erein it
'annot ta(e 8la'e
d*rin+ t1e
marria+e e:'e8t
3y G*di'ial order)
%May re)er to
8resent or )*t*re
8ro8erty or 3ot1
%May 3e 8artial
or total
%!1ose not a+reed
as se8arate 2ill 3e
ACP
or in de)a*lt t1ereo) in 8ro8ortion to se8arate
8ro8. F*t lia3ility to t1eir 'reditor is still solidary.
Article 39:: Sufficient cause for
Eudicial separation of property:
.. Ci&il interdi'tion
2. A3sentee s8o*se
%2 years )rom last ne2s a3o*t a3sentee- or
/ years i) an administrator 1as 3een le)t.
,. Loss o) 8arental a*t1ority de'reed
3y 'o*rt (termination or de8ri&ation
not mere s*s8ension)
%O&er le+itimate or ille+itimate '1ild 21et1er
o) 8re&io*s or 8resent marria+e
C. A3andonment or )ail*re to 'om8ly
2it1 1is or 1er o3li+ations
/. A3*sed 8o2er o) administration
E. Se8aration in )a't )or at least . yr
Art. 1!(: Once t!e separation of propert# !as
been decreed& t!e absolute communit# or t!e
con"ugal partners!ip of gains s!all be
li'uidated in conformit# it! t!is -ode$
Buring t!e pendenc# of t!e proceedings for
separation of propert#& t!e absolute communit#
or t!e con"ugal partners!ip s!all pa# for t!e
support of t!e spouses and t!eir c!ildren.
Art. 1!): After dissolution of t!e absolute
communit# or of t!e con"ugal partners!ip&
t!e pro%isions on complete separation of
propert# s!all appl#$
Art. 1$$: Separation of propert# ma# refer to
present or future propert# or bot!$ It ma# be
total or partial$ In t!e latter case& t!e propert#
not agreed upon as separate s!all pertain to
t!e absolute communit#$
2it1 'o*rt a88ro&al- no reason needed. (F*t i) reason is ..termination o) 'i&il
stated and it is a+ainst 8*3li' 8oli'y t1e 'o*rt 2ill reGe't it) interdi'tion
%Di&ision o) 8ro8erty m*st 3e e4*al *nless t1ere is a 2.A3sentee rea88ears
di))erent 8ro8ortion a+reed in MS or 2ai&er. ,.'o*rt satis)ied t1at
%!a(es e))e't a)ter G*di'ial order o) de'ree (not si+nin+ o) administration 2ill not
a+reement) 3e a+ain a3*sed
%Creditors 2ill 3e listed in 8etition and noti)ied) C.Res*m8tion o)
%In 8ro'ess deli&ery o) 8res*m8ti&e le+itimes is not 'ommon li)e 2it1
ne'essary. ot1er s8o*se
@Art5 3<2: Admin o) e:'l*si&e 8ro8 o) eit1er s8o*se may
/.8arental a*t1ority
restored
3e trans)erred 3y 'o*rt to ot1er s8o*se or i) not 4*ali)ied to E.re'on'iliation o)
anot1er 8erson 21en$ t1ose se8arated in
..s8o*se 3e'omes t1e +*ardian )a't
2.t1e ot1er is G*di'ially de'lared an a3sentee 7.For t1ose 21o
,.'i&il interdi'tion &ol*ntarily se8arated
C.)*+iti&e )rom G*sti'e- 1idin+ as an a''*sed 8ro8erty- a+ree to
Art 3<9: I) t1e 'o*8le 2ants a re+ime o) se8aration o) re&i&e )ormer 8ro8erty
8ro8erty t1ey 1a&e to enter into a &alid marria+e re+ime (3*t a)ter t1at
settlement 8rior to t1e marria+e sti8*latin+ s*'1 re+ime. 'anJt se8arate
8ro8erty anymore)
Art5 3<:: Administration is le)t 2it1 ea'1 s8o*se 2it1 - Art5 >6 revival:
re+ard to 1isI1er o2n 8ro8erty 2it1o*t t1e need )or t1e A+reement *nder oat1
'onsent o) t1e ot1er. arnin+s o) ea'1 s1all also 3elon+ to 2ill state$
ea'1 s8o*se. ..8ro8erties to 3e
Art5 3<>$ Fot1 s8o*ses s1all 3ear t1e )amily e:8enses in
'ontri3*ted
2.t1ose to 3e retained
8ro8ortion to t1eir in'ome or t1eir se8arate 8ro8erty. as se8arate
Lia3ility o) s8o*ses to 'reditors to )amily e:8enses are ,.names o) (no2n
solidary (t1ey are 3ot1 lia3le to t1e 'reditor )or t1e 21ole 'reditors
amo*nt i) t1e 'reditor see(s it )rom one o) t1em. S*'1
s8o*se is entitled to reim3*rsement )rom t1e ot1er
s8o*se).
@ &en i) t1ere is an a+reement on 8ro8ortion o) s1arin+
et'- it 2ont a))e't t1e 'reditors.
D. So3re8e9a /7
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
*arria#e !ithout Art5 3<6: <!en a man and a oman !o are
unions ?#overns capacitated to marr# eac! ot!er& li%e e(clusi%el#
void marria#es@ it! eac! ot!er as !usband and ife it!out t!e
benefit of marriage or under a %oid marriage&
t!eir ages and salaries s!all be oned b# t!em
in e'ual s!ares and t!e propert# ac'uired b#
bot! of t!em t!roug! t!eir or0 or industr# s!all
be go%erned b# t!e rules on co8oners!ip$
In t!e absence of proof to t!e contrar#&
properties ac'uired !ile t!e# li%ed toget!er
s!all be presumed to !a%e been obtained b#
t!eir "oint efforts& or0 or industr#& and s!all be
oned b# t!em in e'ual s!ares$ For purposes of
t!is Article& a part# !o did not participate in t!e
ac'uisition b# t!e ot!er part# of an# propert#
s!all be deemed to !a%e contributed "ointl# in t!e
ac'uisition t!ereof if t!e formerAs efforts
consisted in t!e care and maintenance of t!e
famil# and of t!e !ouse!old$
)eit!er part# can encumber or dispose b# acts
inter %i%os of !is or !er s!are in t!e propert#
ac'uired during co!abitation and oned in
common& it!out t!e consent of t!e ot!er& until
after t!e termination of t!eir co!abitation$
<!en onl# one of t!e parties to a %oid marriage
is in good fait!& t!e s!are of t!e part# in bad fait!
in t!e co8oners!ip s!all be forfeited in fa%or of
t!eir common c!ildren$ In case of default of or
ai%er b# an# or all of t!e common c!ildren or
t!eir descendants& eac! %acant s!are s!all
belong to t!e respecti%e sur%i%ing descendants$
In t!e absence of descendants& suc! s!are s!all
belong to t!e innocent part#$ In all cases& t!e
forfeiture s!all ta0e place upon termination of t!e
co!abitation$
&e$uisites:
..Ca8a'itated to marry ea'1 ot1er
%#ot 'a8a'itated$ in'est*o*s- a+ainst 8*3li' 8oli'y-
*nder .6- 3i+amo*s marria+e
2.li&e e:'l*si&ely 2it1 ea'1 ot1er as 1*s3and and 2i)e
,.Ait1o*t 3ene)it o) marria+e or *nder a &oid marria+e.
@In'l*des marria+es o) 8sy'1olo+i'al in'a8a'ity-
rea88earan'e o) 2i)e- non%li4*idation o) 8ro8erty-
a3sen'e o) )ormal re4*isites.
Structure:
.. Salaries and 2a+es s1all 3e o2ned 3y
e4*al s1ares
2. Pro8erty a'4*ired 2it1 e:'l*si&e )*nds is
o2ned 3y t1em e:'l*si&ely
,. Pro8erty a'4*ired t1ro*+1 2or( or
ind*stry +o&erned 3y 'o%o2ners1i8
C. Pro8erty a'4*ired 21ile t1ey li&e to+et1er 2ill 3e
o2ned 3y t1em in e4*al s1ares. (Contri3*tion
'an 3e in t1e )orm o) 'are and maintenan'e o)
)amily- 1o*se1old)
/. Fr*its o) se8arate 8ro8erty not 8art o)
'o%o2ners1i8
E. ConG*+al 1ome 2ill 3e o2ned e4*ally.
%CanJt en'*m3er or dis8ose o) 1isI1er s1are
2it1o*t 'onsent o) t1e ot1er or a)ter 'o1a3itation.
%Can alienate in )a&or o) t1e ot1er 1is or 1er s1are
F0! 'ant 2ai&e any interest in 'o%o2ners1i8
%4oid marria#e: net share of bad faith is forfeited to:
.. Common '1ildren
2. Aai&er o) 'ommon '1ildren- des'endants
,. A3sen'e o) des'endants- inno'ent
8arty Void marria+es in'l*ded$
Art. ,E$ 8sy'1olo+i'al in'a8a'ity
Art. CC$ 3ad )ait1 o) 3ot1 s8o*ses in a
s*3se4*ent marria+e
Art. /,$ non%li4*idation- dissol*tion- distri3*tion o) 8ro8.
!1ose 21ere t1ere is a3sen'e o) 'onsent- a*t1ority o)
D. So3re8e9a /6
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
solemni<er- li'ense- marria+e 'eremony.
*arria#e !ithout Art5 3<8: In cases of co!abitation not falling &e$uisites:
unions ?#overns under t!e preceding Article& onl# t!e properties % Co1a3itation not )allin+ *nder arti'le .C7.
void marria#es@ ac'uired b# bot! of t!e parties t!roug! t!eir Structure:
actual "oint contribution of mone#& propert#& or % Parties are 'o%o2ners o) 8ro8erty a'4*ired d*rin+
industr# s!all be oned b# t!em in common in 'o1a3itation only *8on 8roo) t1at ea'1 o) t1em
proportion to t!eir respecti%e contributions$ In t!e made an a't*al 'ontri3*tion.
absence of proof to t!e contrar#& t!eir .. Salaries and 2a+es are se8arately o2nedK i)
contributions and corresponding s!ares are eit1er is married t1e salaries +o to t1at marria+e.
presumed to be e'ual$ T!e same rule and 2. Pro8erty a'4*ired 3y t1e money o) one- 3elon+s
presumption s!all appl# to "oint deposits of to t1at 8erson e:'l*si&ely
mone# and e%idences of credit$ ,. Only 8ro8erties a'4*ired 3y 3ot1 o) t1em t1ro*+1
If one of t!e parties is %alidl# married to anot!er& Goint 'ontri3*tion 2ill 3e o2ned 3y t1e in 'ommon
!is or !er s!are in t!e co8oners!ip s!all accrue in 8ro8ortion to 21at t1ey +a&e (money- 8ro8erty-
to t!e absolute communit# or con"ugal or ind*stry B 3*t 'ant 3e mere 'are and
partners!ip e(isting in suc! %alid marriage$ If t!e maintenan'e o) )amilyI1o*se1old). (Pres*m8tion
part# !o acted in bad fait! is not %alidl# married is t1at s1ares o&er 8ro8erty o2ned is e4*al
to anot!er& !is or !er s!all be forfeited in t!e s1ares 3*t 'an 3e re3*tted t1ro*+1 8roo) s1o2in+
manner pro%ided in t!e last paragrap! of t!e ot1er2ise.
preceding Article$ C. I) one o) t1e 8arties is &alidly married- t1at
T!e foregoing rules on forfeiture s!all li0eise 8ersonJs s1are in t1e 'o%o2ners1i8 2ill a''r*e to
appl# e%en if bot! parties are in bad fait! t1e marria+e.
Fad )ait1$ net share of bad faith is forfeited to:
.. Common '1ildren
2. Aai&er o) 'ommon '1ildren- des'endants
,. A3sen'e o) des'endants- inno'ent 8arty
% I) 3ot1 are in 3ad )ait1 t1ey s1all 3e 'onsidered as in
+ood )ait1 and t1eir s1ares s1all +o to t1em.
Exception to insolvency: i) redo*nded to t1e 3ene)it o) t1e )amily t1en t1e 8ro8erty 'an 3e assi+ned )or 8ayment o) insol&en'y
% Administration is Goint 3y 3ot1 s8o*ses- 1*s3ands de'ision 2ill 8re&ail s*3Ge't to re'o*rse 3y t1e 2i)e 2it1in / years )rom t1e 'ontra't
im8lementin+ t1e de'ision. Contra't 2ill 3e a 'ontin*in+ o))er *8on a''e8tan'e 3y ot1er s8o*se or 'o*rt order.
!" FAMILD AS A# I#S!I!0!IO#
D. So3re8e9a /9
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. 1$+: T!e famil#& being t!e foundation of t!e nation& % Paramo*nt im8ortan'e is +i&en to t1e )amily as
is a basic social institution !ic! public polic# c!eris!es 8ro&ided in t1e .967 'onstit*tion.
and protects$ -onse'uentl#& famil# relations are % Family relations are +o&erned t la2 and no '*stom
go%erned b# la and no custom& practice or agreement or 8ra'ti'e destr*'ti&e o) t1e )amily 2ill 3e
destructi%e of t!e famil# s!all be recogni.ed or gi%en re'o+ni<ed.
effect$
Art. 15,: Famil# relations include t!ose: % Any 8erson not in'l*ded in t1e en*meration 'annot :'e8tion to earnest
*$ @eteen !usband and ife? 3e 'onsidered as 2it1in t1e term >)amily relations.? e))orts$
,$ @eteen parents and c!ildren? % Fe)ore a s*it 'an 3e )iled 3y 8eo8le 3elon+in+ to t1e % arnest e))ort is not
/$ Among brot!ers and sisters& !et!er of t!e full or same )amily as 8ro&ided in Art. ./0- earnest e))orts re4*ired i) in'l*ded in t1e
!alf8blood$ m*st 3e made to settle t1e 'ase ami'a3ly. s*it 3et2een )amily
Art. 151: )o suit beteen members of t!e same famil# @arnest e))ort s meant )or 'i&il a'tions only. mem3ers is a stran+er
s!all prosper unless it s!ould appear from t!e %erified not o) t1e same )amily.
complaint or petition t!at earnest efforts toard a !1e )ollo2in+ are e:'*sed )rom 'riminal lia3ility (only 'i&il % Does not a88ly to
compromise !a%e been made& but t!at t!e same !a%e lia3ility in'*rred) )or t1e)t- s2indlin+ or mali'io*s mis'1ie)$ 'ases- 21i'1 may not 3e
failed$ If it is s!on t!at no suc! efforts ere in fact .. S8o*ses- as'endants- and des'endents or relati&es 'om8romised.
made& t!e same case must be dismissed$ 3y a))inity in t1e same line. % Does not a88ly to
T!is rules s!all not appl# to cases !ic! ma# not be t!e 2. !1e 2ido2ed s8o*se 2it1 res8e't to t1e 8ro8erty o) settlement o) estate
sub"ect of compromise under t!e -i%il -ode t1e de'eased FFOR someone else 8ossess it. +*ardians1i8- '*stody o)
,. Frot1ers and sisters and 3rot1ers%in%la2 and sisters% '1ildren- and 1a3eas
in%la2 i) t1ey are li&in+ to+et1er. 'or8*s
:em8tion is not a88li'a3le to stran+ers
8arti'i8atin+ t1erein.
Pres'ri8tion does not r*n 3et2een 1*s3and and 2i)e-
8arents and '1ildren d*rin+ t1e latterJs minority or insanity-
and 3et2een +*ardian and 2ard d*rin+ t1e +*ardians1i8.
!" FAMILD "OM
Art. 152: T!e famil# !ome& constituted "ointl# b# t!e % "ome is deemed 'onstit*ted )orm t1e time it is @ :em8tion )rom
!usband and t!e ife or b# an unmarried !ead of a a't*ally resided *8on and o''*8ied 3y t1e )amily. e:e'*tion is not a3sol*te
famil#& is t!e delling !ouse !ere t!e# and t!eir famil# #o need )or G*di'ial or e:traG*di'ial re4*irement- as it is s*3Ge't to 'ertain
reside& and t!e land on !ic! it is situated$ deemed 'onstit*ted 3y o8eration o) la2. limitation s*'1 as
% !1ere m*st 3e t1e element o) 8ermanen'e (t1*s a inde3tedness in 'ertain
Art. 15!: T!e famil# !ome is deemed constituted on a 3oat on 2ater 'annot 3e 'onsidered a )amily 1ome) instan'es (to 3e
!ouse and lot from t!e time it is occupied as a famil# % M*st 3e 'onstit*ted 3y 3ot1 1*s3and and 2i)e dis'*ssed in t1e ne:t
residence$ From t!e time of its constitution and so long Gointly- t1e *nmarried 1ead o) t1e )amily- or t1e arti'les)
as an# of its beneficiaries actuall# resides t!erein& t!e o''*8an'y o) 3ene)i'iaries in a 1ome 'an 3e
famil# !ome continues to be suc! and is e(empt from 'onstit*ted as a )amily 1ome.
D. So3re8e9a E0
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
e(ecution& forced sale or attac!ment e(cept as % !1e )amily 1ome is e:em8t )rom e:e'*tion- )or'ed
!ereinafter pro%ided and to t!e e(tent of t!e %alue sale or atta'1ment as 8ro&ided 3y la2
alloed b# la$
Art. 15$: T!e beneficiaries of a famil# !ome are: % !1e a't*al o''*8an'y o) t1e 3ene)i'iaries in a 1ome
*$ T!e !usband and ife& or an unmarried person !o is may 'onstit*te t1e same as a )amily 1ome as lon+
t!e !ead of a famil#? and as t1ey 1a&e t1e 'onsent o) t1e 1*s3and or 2i)e
,$ T!eir parents& ascendants& descendants& brot!ers and 21o o2n t1e 1o*se and lot e&en i) t1e o2ners do
sisters& !et!er t!e relations!ip be legitimate or not reside in t1em.
illegitimate& !o are li%ing in t!e famil# !ome and !o
depend upon t!e !ead of t!e famil# for legal support
Art. 155: T!e famil# !ome s!all be e(empt from % !1e 21ole &al*e o) t1e )amily 1ome may 3e *sed to
e(ecution& forced sale or attac!ment e(cept: 8ay o3li+ations *nder Art. .//.
*$ For nonpa#ment of ta(es?
,$ For debts incurred prior to t!e constitution of t!e famil#
!ome?
/$ For debts secured b# mortgages on t!e premises
before or after suc! constitution? and
4$ For debts due to laborers& mec!anics& arc!itects&
builders& material men and ot!ers !o !a%e rendered
ser%ice or furnis!ed material for t!e construction of t!e
building$
Art. 15%: T!e famil# !ome must be part of t!e properties % !1e )amily 1ome m*st 3e 'onstit*ted at a 8la'e
of t!e absolute communit# or t!e con"ugal partners!ip& or 21ere t1ere is a )i:ed and 8ermanent 'onne'tion
of t!e e(clusi%e properties of eit!er spouse it! t!e 2it1 t1e 8ersons 'onstit*tin+ it.
latterAs consent$ It ma# also be constituted b# an #ot 'onsidered$
unmarried !ead of a famil# on !is or !er on propert#$ .. Foat or &essel
)e%ert!eless& propert# t!at is t!e sub"ect of a conditional 2. A8artment or 1o*se 3ein+ rented
sale on installments !ere oners!ip is reser%ed b# t!e ,. "o*se on anot1erJs 8ro8erty
%endor onl# to guarantee pa#ment of t!e purc!ase price Considered$ Pro8erty 21ere o2ners1i8 is reser&ed to
ma# be constituted as a famil# !ome$ t1e one ma(in+ t1e )amily 1ome.
Art. 15(: T!e actual %alue of t!e famil# !ome s!all not % !1ose a3o&e t1e amo*nt sti8*lated (,00-000 in
e(ceed& at t!e time of its constitution& t!e amount of t!e *r3an- 200-000 in r*ral) 2ill not 3e e:em8t )rom
t!ree !undred t!ousand pesos in urban areas& and to e:e'*tion )or'ed sale or atta'1ment.
!undred t!ousand pesos in rural areas& or suc! amounts % Prior to t1e )amily 'ode 'onstit*tion o) a )amily 1ome
as ma# !ereafter be fi(ed b# la$ 2as not a*tomati' t1ere 2as a need to )ile )or s*'1.
In an# e%ent& if t!e %alue of t!e currenc# c!anges after I) 8rior to t1e )amily 'ode t1ere are 'ertain 1o*ses
t!e adoption of t!is -ode& t!e %alue most fa%orable for )allin+ *nder t1e &al*e o) a )amily 1ome at t1e time
D. So3re8e9a E.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
t!e constitution of a famil# !ome s!all be t!e basis of o) t1e 'onstit*tion o) t1e )amily 'ode (A*+. ,- .966)
e%aluation$ 8ro&ided )or t1e )amily 1ome is deemed
For purposes of t!is Article& urban areas are deemed to a*tomati'ally 'onstit*ted.
include c!artered cities and municipalities !ose annual
income at least e'uals t!at legall# re'uired for c!artered
cities$ All ot!ers are deemed to be rural areas$
Art. 15): T!e famil# !ome ma# be sold& alienated& Aritten 'onsent needed )or t1e dis8osition o) t1e )amily
donated& assigned or encumbered b# t!e oner or 1ome$
oners t!ereof it! t!e ritten consent of t!e person .. Persons 'onstit*tin+ t1e )amily 1ome
constituting t!e same& t!e latterAs spouse& and a ma"orit# 2. LatterJs s8o*se
of t!e beneficiaries of legal age$ In case of conflict& t!e ,. MaGority o) 3ene)i'iaries o) le+al a+e
court s!all decide
Art. 15+: T!e famil# !ome s!all continue despite t!e % Se'*rity o) t1e )amily is t1e 'on'ern o) t1e la2 t1*s
deat! of one or bot! spouses or of t!e unmarried !ead of t1ey 8ro&ide )or a .0 year 8eriod des8ite t1e deat1
t!e famil# for a period of ten #ears or for as long as t!ere o) t1e 8erson 21o 'onstit*ted t1e )amily 1ome.
is a minor beneficiar#& and t!e !eirs cannot partition t!e F*rt1ermore t1e 1eirs 'annot 8artition t1e same
same unless t!e court finds compelling reasons t!erefor$ *nless t1e 'o*rt )inds 'om8ellin+ reasons t1ere)ore.
T!is rule s!all appl# regardless of !oe%er ons t!e
propert# or constituted t!e famil# !ome$
Art. 1%,: <!en a creditor !ose claims is not among % Fidders 'annot 3id 3elo2 t1e amo*nt o) ,00-000
t!ose mentioned in Article *11 obtains a "udgment in !is % I) t1e 1o*se is sold- ,00-000 is +i&en to t1e o2ner o)
fa%or& and !e !as reasonable grounds to belie%e t!at t!e t1e 1o*se and t1e 3alan'e to t1e 'reditor to satis)y
famil# !ome is actuall# ort! more t!an t!e ma(imum 1is de3t. !1is 1a88ens e&en i) t1e de3t is not )*lly
amount fi(ed in Article *15& !e ma# appl# to t!e court satis)ied. (Idea is to +i&e ,00-000 so t1at t1e de3tor
!ic! rendered t!e "udgment for an order directing t!e 'an 3*y a 1o*se) !1is 1o2e&er does not a88ly
sale of t!e propert# under e(ecution$ T!e court s!all so 21en i) t1e 'reditor is one o) t1ose mentioned in
order if it finds t!at t!e actual %alue of t!e famil# !ome Arti'le .// (t1e de3t m*st 3e satis)ied e&en i)
e(ceeds t!e ma(imum amount alloed b# la as of t!e not1in+ is le)t 2it1 t1e o2ner).
time of its constitution$ If t!e increased actual %alue
e(ceeds t!e ma(imum alloed in Article *15 and results
from subse'uent %oluntar# impro%ements introduced b#
t!e person or persons constituting t!e famil# !ome& b#
t!e oner or oners of t!e propert#& or b# an# of t!e
beneficiaries& t!e same rule and procedure s!all appl#$
At t!e e(ecution sale& no bid belo t!e %alue alloed for
a famil# !ome s!all be considered$ T!e proceeds s!all be
D. So3re8e9a E2
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
applied first to t!e amount mentioned in Article *15&
and t!en to t!e liabilities under t!e "udgment and t!e
costs$ T!e e(cess& if an#& s!all be deli%ered to t!e
"udgment debtor$
Art. 1%1: For purposes of a%ailing of t!e benefits of a famil# !ome as pro%ided for in t!is -!apter& a person
ma# constitute& or be t!e beneficiar# of& onl# one famil# !ome$
Art. 1%2: T!e pro%isions in t!is -!apter s!all also go%ern e(isting famil# residences insofar as said pro%isions
are applicable$
E%I'I*A'E IE%I'I*A'E #O!S
C1ildren 'on'ei&ed or 3orn d*rin+ t1e marria+e C1ildren 3orn or 'on'ei&ed o*tside a &alid
marria+e or in a &oid marria+e *nless
ot1er2ise 8ro&ided
C1ildren as a res*lt o) arti)i'ial insemination are I) t1e re4*isites are not )ollo2ed and t1e )at1er does
le+itimate 8ro&ided t1at 3ot1 a*t1ori<ed or not im8*+n t1e le+itima'y o) t1e '1ild- t1e '1ild s1all
rati)ied t1e insemination in a 2ritten instr*ment still 3e 'onsidered le+itimate.
si+ned 3y 3ot1 o) t1em 3e)ore t1e 3irt1 o) t1e
'1ild (re+istered 2it1 t1e 3irt1 'erti)i'ate). I
I) 1*s3and is a3le to im8*+n le+itima'y
2it1 re+ards to 1im '1ild 2ill sim8ly not 3e
related- 3*t in relation to t1e mom t1e '1ild
2ill 3e 'onsidered ille+itimate
PA!R#I!D A#D FILIA!IO#
Art5 3>9$ T!e filiation of c!ildren ma# be b# nature or % Paternity and )iliation re)er to t1e relations1i8 or tie- 21i'1
b# adoption$ )atural filiation ma# be legitimate or e:ists 3et2een 8arents and t1eir '1ildren.
illegitimate$
Art. 1%$: -!ildren concei%ed or born during t!e % Ille+itimate '1ildren are t1ose 'on'ei&ed and 3orn
marriage of t!e parents are legitimate$ o*tside a &alid marria+e or inside a &oid marria+e.
-!ildren concei%ed as a result of artificial AR!IFICIAL I#SMI#A!IO#$ 2i)e is arti)i'ially im8re+nated
insemination of t!e ife it! t!e sperm of t!e 2it1 t1e semen o) 1er 1*s3and or 2it1 t1e semen o) a t1ird
!usband or t!at of a donor or bot! are li0eise 8erson.
legitimate c!ildren of t!e !usband and !is ife& % C1ild o) arti)i'ial insemination is 'onsidered
pro%ided& t!at bot! of t!em aut!ori.ed or ratified suc! le+itimate 8ro&ided t1at 3ot1 t1e 1*s3and and 2i)e
insemination in a ritten instrument e(ecuted and a*t1ori<e or rati)y s*'1 insemination in a 2ritten
signed b# t!em before t!e birt! of t!e c!ild$ T!e instr*ment and si+ned 3y t1em 3e)ore t1e 3irt1 o)
instrument s!all be recorded in t!e ci%il registr# t1e '1ild and t1at it is re'orded in t1e 'i&il re+istry
D. So3re8e9a E,
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
toget!er it! t!e birt! certificate of t!e c!ild$ to+et1er 2it1 t1e 3irt1 'erti)i'ate o) t1e '1ild.
% I) t1e re4*irements +i&en are not )ollo2ed and t1e
Art. 1%5: -!ildren concei%ed and born outside a 1*s3and does not im8*+n t1e le+itima'y o) t1e '1ild
%alid marriage are illegitimate& unless ot!erise on +ro*nds 8ro&ided 3y la2 2it1in t1e 8res'ri8ti&e
pro%ided in t!is -ode$ 8eriod t1e '1ild 2ill still 3e 'onsidered le+itimate.
Art5 3>>: +egitimac# of a c!ild ma# be impugned onl# %rounds to impu#n le#itimacy of the child: Art. 1%(: T!e c!ild s!all be
on t!e folloing grounds: .. P1ysi'ally im8ossi3le )or 1*s3and to 1a&e se:*al considered legitimate
*$ T!at it as p!#sicall# impossible for t!e !usband inter'o*rse 2it1 2i)e 2it1in t1e )irst .20 days o) t1e alt!oug! t!e mot!er ma#
to !a%e se(ual intercourse it! !is ife it!in t!e ,00 days immediately 8re'edin+ t1e 3irt1 o) '1ild !a%e declared against its
first *,9 da#s of t!e /99 da#s !ic! immediatel# d*e to$ legitimac# or ma# !a%e been
preceded t!e birt! of t!e c!ild because of: a. P1ysi'al in'a8a'ity sentenced as an adulteress.
2a3 t!e p!#sical incapacit# of t!e !usband to 3. Li&in+ se8arately$ m*st 3e li&in+ in s*'1 a
@&en i) 2i)e im8*+ns !a%e se(ual intercourse it! !is ife? 2ay t1at se:*al inter'o*rse is im8ossi3le.
2b3 t!e fact t!at t!e !usband and ife ere (Mere remoteness is not s*))i'ient) le+itima'y- '1ild is still
li%ing separatel# in suc! a a# t!at '. Serio*s illness le+itimate- only 1*s3and and
se(ual intercourse as not possible? or % A1en a '1ild is 3orn inside a marria+e- se:*al inter'o*rse in 8ro8er 'ases t1e 1eirs 'an
2c3 serious illness of t!e !usband& !ic! is 8res*med to 1a&e o''*rred 3et2een t1e 1*s3and and im8*+n t1e le+itima'y.
absolutel# pre%ented se(ual intercourse? 2i)e 2it1in t1e )irst .20 days o) t1e ,00%day 8eriod 3e)ore 0nless: s1e did not deli&er
,$T!at it is pro%ed t!at for biological or ot!er scientific t1e 3irt1 o) t1e '1ild. (Lon+est +estation 8eriod) t1e '1ild 1ersel)- or did not
reasons& t!e c!ild could not !a%e been t!at of t!e 2. Fiolo+i'al or s'ienti)i' reasons t1e '1ild 'o*ld not 'ome )rom 1er o2n 2om3.
!usband& e(cept in t!e instance pro%ided in t!e 1a&e 3een t1at o) t1e 1*s3and (e:'e8t )or arti)i'ial
second paragrap! of Article *=4? or insemination)=i) )or 3iolo+i'al reasons o))s8rin+
/$ T!at in case of c!ildren concei%ed t!roug! artificial 'o*ld not 1a&e 3een t1at o) t1e 1*s3and li(e i) t1e
insemination& t!e ritten aut!ori.ation or ratification '1ild 2as a di))erent ra'e )rom t1e )at1erJs.
of eit!er parent as obtained t!roug! mista0e& fraud& % Vase'tomy is not eno*+1 8roo) 3e'a*se t1ere are times
%iolence& intimidation& or undue influence$ 21en t1e s8erm 'an re%'1annel itsel) and e))e't )ertili<ation.
,. In 'ase o) arti)i'ial insemination t1e a*t1ori<ation or
rati)i'ation 2as o3tained t1ro*+1 mista(e- )ra*d-
&iolen'e or intimidation or *nd*e in)l*en'e.
@ In t1e e&ent t1at any o) t1e +ro*nds are 8ro&en- t1e '1ild
2ill not 3e 'onsidered le+itimate or ille+itimate 3*t t1at
sim8ly t1e 1*s3and and '1ild are not related. In so )ar as t1e
mot1er is 'on'erned t1e '1ild 2ill 3e 'onsidered ille+itimate.
% Pres*m8tion is in )a&or o) le+itima'y.
Art. 1%): If t!e marriage is terminated and t!e A Merely s*88letory- i) t1ere is 3etter 8roo) t1en s*'1 s1o*ld
mot!er contracted anot!er marriage it!in t!ree 3e a''e8ted.
D. So3re8e9a EC
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
!undred da#s after suc! termination of t!e former % Se:*al inter'o*rse is 8res*med 3et2een s8o*ses d*rin+
marriage& t!ese rules s!all go%ern in t!e absence of t1eir marria+e.
proof to t!e contrar#: I# CAS OF 2 MARRIA;S$
*$ A c!ild born before one !undred eig!t# da#s after % I) '1ild is 3orn 2it1in .60 days a)ter t1e se'ond
t!e solemni.ation of t!e subse'uent marriage is marria+e and 2it1in ,00 days a)ter t1e termination
considered to !a%e been concei%ed during t!e former o) t1e )irst marria+e t1e '1ild s1all 3e 'onsidered to
marriage& pro%ided it be born it!in t!ree !undred 1a&e 3een 'on'ei&ed o) t1e )irst marria+e *nless
da#s after t!e termination of t!e former marriage? ot1er 8roo) is +i&en.
,$ A c!ild born after one !undred eig!t# da#s % I) t1e '1ild is 3orn a)ter .60 days a)ter t1e se'ond
folloing t!e celebration of t!e subse'uent marriage marria+e t1e '1ild s1all 3e 'onsidered to 1a&e 3een
is considered to !a%e been concei%ed during suc! 'on'ei&ed o) t1e se'ond marria+e *nless ot1er
marriage& e%en t!oug! it be born it!in t!e t!ree 8roo) is +i&en.
!undred da#s after t!e termination of t!e former @F*t eit1er 2ay t1e '1ild is still le+itimate.
marriage$
Art. 1%+: T!e legitimac# or illegitimac# of a c!ild - I) t1ere is no s*3se4*ent marria+e a)ter ,00 days a)ter t1e
born after t!ree !undred da#s folloing t!e termination o) t1e marria+e t1ere is no 8res*m8tion and t1*s
termination of t!e marriage s!all be pro%ed b# 'on&in'in+ 8roo) is ne'essary.
!oe%er alleges suc! legitimac# or illegitimac#$
Art. 1(,: T!e action to impugn t!e legitimac# of t!e Prescription for impu#nin# the le#itimacy of the child @It is )rom t1e (no2led+e o)
c!ild s!all be broug!t it!in one #ear from t!e .. Ait1in one year )rom t1e (no2led+e o) t1e 3irt1 or t1e '1ildJs birth not t1e
0noledge of t!e birt! or its recording in t!e ci%il its re'ordin+ i) 1*s3and resides in 'ity 21ere 3irt1 (no2led+e t1at it is not 1is
register& if t!e !usband or& in a proper case& an# of too( 8la'e or re'orded. '1ild.
!is !eirs& s!ould reside in t!e cit# or municipalit# 2. Ait1in 2 years- i) t1e 1*s3and li&es else21ere in t1e
!ere t!e birt! too0 place or as recorded$ P1ili88ines. @&en i) t1e 3irt1 2as
,. Ait1in , years- i) 1e li&es a3road 'on'ealed- i) it 2as re+istered
If t!e !usband or& in !is default& all of !is !eirs do not C. I) t1e 3irt1 o) t1e '1ild 1as 3een 'on'ealed- and t1e )at1er did not im8*+n
reside at t!e place of birt! as defined in t!e first 8res'ri8tion 2ill 3e+in )rom t1e dis'o&ery or t1e '1ildJs le+itima'y d*rin+
paragrap! or !ere it as recorded& t!e period s!all (no2led+e o) 3irt1 o) '1ild or t1e )a't o) re+istration t1e 8eriod 8ro&ided t1en t1e
be to #ears if t!e# s!ould reside in t!e ;!ilippines? o) t1e 3irt1 (21i'1e&er is earlier). '1ild is le+itimate. (Cannot
and t!ree #ears if abroad$ If t!e birt! of t!e c!ild !as im8*+n sin'e re+istry is
been concealed from or as un0non to t!e earlier)
!usband or !is !eirs& t!e period s!all be counted
from t!e disco%er# or 0noledge of t!e birt! of t!e
c!ild or of t!e fact of registration of said birt!&
!ic!e%er is earlier$
Art. 1(1: T!e !eirs of t!e !usband ma# impugn t!e - Le+itima'y 'annot 3e 'ollaterally atta'(ed or im8*+ned.
filiation of t!e c!ild it!in t!e period prescribed in t!e Prin'i8ally only t1e 1*s3and 'an )ile a dire't a'tion to
D. So3re8e9a E/
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
preceding article onl# in t!e folloing cases: im8*+n t1e le+itima'y o) t1e '1ild e&en i) t1e '1ild is not 1is.
*$ If t!e !usband s!ould died before t!e e(piration of % !1e 1eirs are mere s*3stit*tes o) t1e 1*s3and and 'annot
t!e period fi(ed for bringing !is action? )ile t1e a'tion i) t1e 1*s3and 1imsel) )ailed to )ile s*'1 a'tion
,$ If !e s!ould die after t!e filing of t!e complaint des8ite (no2led+e o) t1e ille+itima'y 2it1in t1e 8res'ri3ed
it!out !a%ing desisted t!erefrom? or 8eriod.
/$ If t!e c!ild as born after t!e deat! of t!e
!usband$
PROOF OF FILIA!IO#
Art. 1(2: T!e filiation of legitimate c!ildren is - !1e re'ord o) 3irt1 a88earin+ in t1e 'i&il re+istry s1o*ld Proo)s )rom r*les o) t1e 'o*rt
establis!ed b# an# of t!e folloing: 1a&e t1e 1*s3andJs si+nat*re and s*'1 3irt1 'erti)i'ate or s8e'ial la2$
*$ T!e record of birt! appearing in t!e ci%il register si+ned 3y t1e 8arents is ade4*ate 8roo) o) 8aternity 2it1o*t .. Fa8tismal 'erti)i'ate
or a final "udgment? or need )or )*rt1er 'o*rt a'tion. 2. 5*di'ial admission
,$ An admission of legitimate filiation in a public % Admission in 8*3li' or 8ri&ate 1and2ritten do'*ment is a ,. Family 3i3le
document or a pri%ate !andritten instrument and 'om8lete a't o) re'o+nition 2it1o*t need )or 'o*rt a'tion C. Common re8*tation
signed b# t!e parent concerned$ A mere instr*ment not in t1e 1and2ritin+ o t1e /. Admission 3y silen'e
In t!e absence of t!e foregoing e%idence& t!e 8arent or not a 8*3li' instr*ment 2ill not E. !estimony o) 2itness
legitimate filiation s!all be pro%ed b#: 4*ali)y.
*$ T!e open and continuous possession of t!e % O8en 'ontin*o*s 8ossession means t1e )at1er treats t1e
status of a legitimate c!ild? or '1ild as 1is o2n dire'tly and not t1ro*+1 ot1ers-
,$ An# ot!er means alloed b# t!e Rules of -ourt s8ontaneo*sly and 2it1o*t 'on'ealment
and special las$ M*st 3e s8ontaneo*s and *ninterr*8ted
Art. 1(!: T!e action to claim legitimac# ma# be Action to claim le#itimacy by the child Article 36:: Ille#itimate child
broug!t b# t!e c!ild during !is or !er lifetime and May 3e 3ro*+1t 3y t1e '1ild d*rin+ 1is or 1er li)etime and %Same as le+itimate '1ildren
s!all be transmitted to t!e !eirs s!ould t!e c!ild die may 3e transmitted to 1eirs i) t1e '1ild dies d*rin+ minority e:'e8t 21en 8roo) is t1ro*+1
during minorit# or in a state of insanit#$ In t!ese or in a state o) insanity or a)ter it 1as already 3een o8en and 'ontin*o*s
cases& t!e !eirs s!all !a%e a period of fi%e #ears instituted by the child and child dies5 relations1i8 or ot1er r*les o)
it!in !ic! to institute t!e action$ "eirs 1a&e )i&e years to instit*te a'tion 'o*rt in 21i'1 'ase it may only
3e 3ro*+1t d*rin+ t1e li)etime
o) t1e alle#ed 8arent.
Exception: i) t1e '1ild is 3orn
in a &alid marria+e t1o*+1
di))erent man- 1e 'annot 'laim
ille+itima'y. !1e man in t1e
marria+e m*st )irst im8*+n t1e
le+itima'y o) t1e '1ild
Article 36>: &i#hts of an ille#itimate child Article 1($: +egitimate c!ildren s!all !a%e t!e rig!t:
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Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
.. Fear t1e s*rname o) t1e mot1er
&en i) 8aternity is 'ertain- mot1er
s*rnames unless )at1er admits t1at
is 1is '1ild and li&es 2it1 t1em t1en
s*rname o) )at1er 'an 3e *sed.
2. Fe *nder t1e 8arental a*t1ority o) t1e
mot1er- entitled to s*88ort )rom 1er
&en i) 8aternity is 'ertain- i) )at1er is
not li&in+ 2it1 t1em 1e 'annot 1a&e
8arental a*t1ority.
I) t1e )at1er a'(no2led+es t1e '1ild and
'o1a3its- 1e 2ill 3e &ested 2it1 8arental
a*t1ority. &en i) 1e lea&es a)ter t1at it
2ill not 3e 'onsidered a 2ai&er o) 1is
8arental a*t1ority *nless &iolated le+al
+ro*nds 8ro&ided )or termination o)
8arental a*t1. (1e 2ill also 3e &i'ario*sly
lia3le )or dama+es 'a*sed 3y t1e '1ild)
,. Le+itime 2ill 3e Q o) t1e le+itime o)
a le+itimate '1ild
C. Can +et s*88ort only *8 to t1e
+rand8arents- and no ri+1t o)
re8resentation (i) 8arent dies 'ant in1erit
strai+1t )rom +rand8arents)
/. Ille+itimate '1ild 1as 1is or 1er li)etime to
)ile an a'tion to 'laim ille+itima'y i) 1eIs1e
1as 8roo) *nder Art. .72 ('laim )or 1is
stat*s in not transmissi3le to 1is 1eirs)
*$ To bear t!e surnames of t!e fat!er and t!e mot!er&
in conformit# it! t!e pro%isions of t!e -i%il -ode on
Surnames?
,$ To recei%e support from t!eir parents& t!eir ascendants&
and in proper cases& t!eir brot!ers and sisters& in conformit#
it! t!e pro%isions of t!is -ode on Support? and
/$ To be entitled to t!e legitimate and ot!er
successional rig!ts granted to t!em b# t!e -i%il -ode$
% A le+itimate '1ild 1as 1is or 1er 21ole li)etime to )ile
an a'tion to 'laim 1is or 1er le+itima'y.
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Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art5 366: Onl# c!ildren concei%ed and born outside e#itimated Children ?le#itimate by operation of la!@ @S1all enGoy same ri+1ts as
of edloc0 of parents !o& at t!e time of t!e &e$uirements: le+itimate '1ildren- s1all
conception of t!e former& ere not dis'ualified b# .. C1ildren 'on'ei&ed and 3orn o*tside 2edlo'( retroa't to t1eir 3irt1.
an# impediment to marr# eac! ot!er ma# be 2. O) 8arents 21o 1ad no le+al im8ediments to marry @#o need )or t1e
legitimated$
at t1at time t1e '1ild 2as conceived and
a'(no2led+ment o) t1e )at1er
*nli(e t1e 'i&il 'ode.
,. !1ey +et married later on. (!1e )a't t1at it is a
Art. 1(): +egitimation s!all ta0e place b# a @Le+itimation 2ill not a))e't
&oida3le marria+e 2ill not a))e't t1e le+itimation- 3*t
subse'uent %alid marriage beteen parents$ T!e 8ro8erty ri+1ts already &ested.
i) it is a &oid marria+e t1en ille+itimate)
annulment of a %oidable marriage s!all not affect @I) t1ere is a le+al im8ediment
IF t1e '1ild dies 3e)ore t1e 'ele3ration o) t1e
t!e legitimation$ at t1e time o) 'on'e8tion t1e
marria+e- it 2ill still 3ene)it t1eir des'endants.
remedy is ado8tion.
Only 3y t1ose 21o are 8reG*di'ed in t1eir ri+1ts
Art. 1(+: +egitimated c!ildren s!all en"o# t!e same Exception: t1ose 3orn
2it1in / years )rom t1e time t1eir 'a*se o) a'tion
rig!ts as legitimate c!ildren$ 2,5,a3 t1ro*+1 ad*ltero*s relations1i8
a''r*es. (Re)ers 3asi'ally to in1eritan'e ri+1ts 3*t i)
and 3i+amo*s marria+e
t1e 'reditors are really 8reG*di'ed t1ey m*st s1o2
Art. 1),: T!e effects of legitimation s!all retroact to 'annot 3e le+itimated.
1o2 le+itimation a))e'ted s*'1=&ested ri+1ts 8rior to
t!e time of t!e c!ildAs birt!$
le+itimation t1en t1ose ri+1ts 2ill not 3e ta(en )rom
t1em)
Ri+1t o) a'tion a''r*es only *8on deat1 o) 8arents
21en le+itimes 2ill &est
Ado8ted '1ildren 'an 3e 8reG*di'ed 2it1 re+ards to
ado8ter 8arents or e&en nat*ral 8arents.
Art. 1)1: T!e legitimation of c!ildren !o died % In e))e't +i&es t1e '1ildren 21at t1ey s1o*ld 1a&e
before t!e celebration of t!e marriage s!all benefit enGoyed d*rin+ t1e li)etime o) t1eir )at1er or mot1er.
t!eir descendants$
Art. 1)2: +egitimation ma# be impugned onl# b# % Contem8lates in1eritan'e or s*''essional ri+1ts-
t!ose !o are pre"udiced in t!eir rig!ts& it!in fi%e 'reditors ('ommer'ial or 8ro8erty ri+1ts) are
#ears from t!e time t!eir cause of action accrues$ e:'l*ded *nless it 'an 3e s1o2n t1at t1e
le+itimation a))e'ted t1eir ri+1ts and t1ey are really
8reG*di'ed.
S0PPOR!
Art. 1+$: Support comprises e%er#t!ing &eryt1in+ indis8ensa3le )or s*stenan'e- Art5 2D:: ri+1t to +i&e or o3tain
indispensable for sustenance& delling& clot!ing& d2ellin+- 'lot1in+- medi'al attendan'e- ed*'ation- s*88ort s1all not 3e le&ied *8on on
medical attendance& education and transportation& and trans8ortation (in (ee8in+ 2it1 t1e )inan'ial atta'1ment or e:e'*tion.
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Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
in 0eeping it! t!e financial capacit# of t!e famil#$ 'a8a'ity o) t1e )amily) % Cannot 3e made to satis)y any
S'1oolin+ or trainin+ s1all 3e a88li'a3le e&en G*d+ment a+ainst t1e re'i8ient.
T!e education of t!e person entitled to be 3eyond t1e a+e o) maGority Except: t1e e:'ess 3eyond
supported referred to in t!e preceding paragrap! !rans8ortation in'l*des +oin+ to and )rom s'1ool re4*ired )or le+al s*88ort in a 2ill
s!all include !is sc!ooling or training for some and 8la'e o) 2or( or 'ontra't*al s*88orts 1all 3e
profession& trade or %ocation& e%en be#ond t!e Can 3e +i&en e&en 3eyond t1e a+e o) maGority s*3Ge't to le&y or e:e'*tion.
age of ma"orit#$ Transportation s!all include
S*88ort is ne&er )inal (no res G*di'ata) 'an 3e
(Contra't*al s*88ort is s*3Ge't to
e(penses in going to and from sc!ool& or to and adG*stment 21ene&er modi)i'ation
'1an+ed
from place of or0$ is ne'essary)
Art5 3C:: Sub"ect to t!e pro%isions of t!e .. S8o*ses @Ado8ted '1ildren only *8 to
succeeding articles& t!e folloing are obliged to 2. Le+itimate as'endant and des'endants 8arents )or s*88ort. Ot1ers arenJt
support eac! ot!er to t!e !ole e(tent set fort! in ,. Parents and t1eir le+itimate '1ildren and t1eir o3li+ed to s*88ort. (I) t1e ado8ter
t!e preceding article: ille+itimateIle+itimate +rand'1ildren dies or a3andons t1en t1e state
*$ T!e spouses? C. Parents and t1eir ille+itimate '1ildren and t1eir ta(es o&er)
,$ +egitimate ascendants and descendants? ille+itimateIle+itimate +rand'1ildren @Mandatory and essential 'annot
/$ ;arents and t!eir legitimate c!ildren and t!e /. Le+itimate 3rot1ers and sisters 21et1er 21ole or 3e transmitted to a ,
rd
8erson nor
legitimate and illegitimate c!ildren of t!e latter? 1al) 3lood 'an it 3e 2ai&ed.
4$ ;arents and t!eir illegitimate c!ildren and t!e E. Frot1ers and sisters not le+itimately related are (Pro1i3ition a+ainst any
legitimate and illegitimate c!ildren of t!e latter? also o3li+ed to s*88ort unless i) 1eIs1e is o) a+e 'om8romise o) t1e ri+1t to )*t*re
and and is d*e to 'laimants )a*lt or ne+li+en'e no s*88ort)
1$ +egitimate brot!ers and sisters& !et!er of full s*88ort. @I) relations1i8 3et2een one to 3e
or !alf8blood % A '1ild inside a 2om3 is already 'onsidered 3orn t1*s s*88orted and t1e one to s*88ort
entitled to all 3ene)its t1at a''r*e to 1imI1er 8ro&ided t1at is in iss*e- stat*s o) t1e 8arties
t1e '1ild is 3orn a)ter. s1o*ld 3e esta3lis1ed )irst.
Art. 1+%: @rot!ers and sisters not legitimatel# % !1ey are no lon+er 3o*nd 21en t1e '1ild is a3o&e
related& !et!er of t!e full or !alf8blood& are t1e a+e o) maGority or d*e to t1e ne+li+en'e.
li0eise bound to support eac! ot!er to t!e full
e(tent set fort! in Article *:4& e(cept onl# !en
t!e need for support of t!e brot!er or sister& being
of age& is due to a cause imputable to t!e
claimantAs fault or negligence$
Article 1+(: In case of legitimate ascendants? S*88ort )or le+itimate as'endants- des'endants @IF t1e le+itimate des'endants are
descendants& !et!er legitimate or illegitimate? (le+itimate or ille+itimate)- 3rot1ers and sisters t1e 'ommon '1ildren t1en ACP
and brot!ers and sisters& !et!er legitimatel# or (le+itimate or ille+itimately related) s1all 3e ta(en and CP; s1all 3e 8rin'i8ally
illegitimatel# related& onl# t!e separate propert# of )rom se8arate 8ro8erty '1ar+ed.
t!e person obliged to gi%e support s!all be @S*88ort 'anJt 3e ta(en )rom t1e
D. So3re8e9a E9
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
anserable pro%ided t!at in case t!e obligor !as If no separate properties )rom ACP or CP; '1ildrenJs 8ro8erty *nless t1ere
no separate propert#& t!e absolute communit# or (ad&an'ement). 2as no need or demand )rom
t!e con"ugal partners!ip& if financiall# capable&

.ut i) it is t1e ille+itimate '1ildren- ins*))i'ien'y is
re'i8ient. (I) t1is 1a88ens 'an
s!all ad%ance t!e support& !ic! s!all be )or)eit 3ond made 3y +*ardian
eno*+1 to ma(e ACP lia3le and ins*))i'ien'y 8l*s
deducted from t!e s!are of t!e spouse obliged 8arent o&er 8ro8erty%art. 22/)
8ayment o) '1ar+es to ma(e CP; lia3le.
upon t!e li'uidation of t!e absolute communit# or

For s8o*ses- +enerally )rom ACP or CP; absence of t!e con"ugal partners!ip
o) t1en )rom )r*its o) ACP or CP; insufficiency or
absence o) )rom t1e se8arate 8ro8erties t1emsel&es.
Art. 1+): Buring t!e proceedings for legal S*88ort 8endin+ liti+ation +enerally o3tain )rom ACP @A)ter de'laration o) n*llity or
separation or for annulment of marriage& and for or CP; ann*lment no more o3li+ation to
declaration of nullit# of marriage& t!e spouses and In 'ase o) s*88ort 3et2een 1*s3and and 2i)e 21ere s*88ort
t!eir c!ildren s!all be supported from t!e &alidity o) marria+e is in iss*e- a++rie&ed 'annot 3e @In le+al se8aration s*88ort
properties of t!e absolute communit# or t!e +i&en s*88ort 8endent elite 3y t1e ot1er s8o*se ()rom 'eases *nless +*ilty s8o*se is
con"ugal partners!ip$ After t!e final "udgment 1is se8arate 8ro8erty) ordered to s*88ort inno'ent.
granting t!e petition& t!e obligation of mutual Le+al se8aration or ann*lment$ s8o*ses s1all 3e @I) 2i)e is ad*ltero*s it 'an 3e a
support beteen t!e spouses ceases$ >oe%er& s*88orted 3y ACP or CP;. de)ense in an a'tion )or s*88ort
in case of legal separation& t!e court ma# order a+ainst se8arate 8ro8erty o) t1e
t!at t!e guilt# spouse s!all gi%e support to t!e s8o*se but 2i)e 'an still +et
innocent one& specif#ing t!e terms of suc! order$ s*88ort )rom ACP or CP;.
Art. 1++: <!ene%er to or more persons are !1e list is in order o) 8riority o) 21o s1o*ld
obliged to gi%e support& t!e liabilit# s!all de%ol%e s*88ort )irst. !1e ot1ers are not o3li+ed to +i&e
upon t!e folloing persons in t!e order !erein s*88ort i) t1ose 1i+1er on t1e list are 8resent.
pro%ided:
*$ T!e spouse? Art5 2DD$i) t1e lia3ility to s*88ort )alls on 2 8eo8le it 2ill 3e
,$ T!e descendants in t!e nearest degree? di&ided 3et2een t1em in t1e 8ro8ortion o) t1eir reso*r'es.
/$ T!e ascendants in t!e nearest degree? and %F*t in 'ase o) *r+en'y- t1e G*d+e may order only one o)
4$ T!e brot!ers and sisters$ t1em to +i&e and t1en G*st +et reim3*rsed )rom t1e ot1er
Art. 2,,: <!en t!e obligation to gi%e support falls
a)ter.
%A1en t1ere are t2o or more 8eo8le 'laimin+ )or s*88ort
upon to or more persons& t!e pa#ment of t!e and t1e one o3li+ed to +i&e doesnJt 1a&e eno*+1- order
same s!all be di%ided beteen t!em in proportion 2ill 3e )ollo2ed except 21en t1e one 21o needs s*88ort
to t!e resources of eac!$ is a s8o*se and a '1ild in 21i'1 'ase t1e '1ild s1all 3e
>oe%er& in case of urgent need and b# special 8re)erred. (Ai)e is 8re)erred 21en it is an ille+itimate '1ild)
circumstances& t!e "udge ma# order onl# one of
t!em to furnis! t!e support pro%isionall#& it!out
pre"udice to !is rig!t to claim from t!e ot!er
D. So3re8e9a 70
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
obligors t!e s!are due from t!em$
<!en to or more recipients at t!e same time
claim support from one and t!e same person
legall# obliged to gi%e it& s!ould t!e latter not !a%e
sufficient means to satisf# all claims& t!e order
establis!ed in t!e preceding article s!all be
folloed& unless t!e concurrent obligees s!ould
be t!e spouse and a c!ild sub"ect to parental
aut!orit#& in !ic! case t!e c!ild s!all be
preferred$
Art. 2,1: T!e amount of support& in t!e cases S*88ort 'an 3e in'reased or de'reased
referred to in Articles *:1 and *:=& s!all be in de8endin+ on t1e needs of the recipient and t1e
proportion to t!e resources or means of t!e gi%er resources of the person obli#ed to #ive it5
and to t!e necessities of t!e recipient$

5*d+ment )or s*88ort does not 3e'ome )inal
Art. 2,2: Support in t!e cases referred to in t!e
Demandin# support
preceding article s!all be reduced or increased
Demanda3le )rom t1e time 8erson 21o 1as t1e proportionatel#& according to t!e reduction or
increase of t!e necessities of t!e recipient and t!e ri+1t to re'ei&e it needs it (need )or s*88ort is not
resources or means of t!e person obliged to

8res*med- m*st 3e esta3lis1ed).

furnis! t!e same$ ,o support #iven !ithout Eudicial or
Art. 2,!: T!e obligation to gi%e support s!all be
extraEudicial demand. (Made 2it1in t1e )irst /
years o) e&ery mont1)
demandable from t!e time t!e person !o !as a Demand is essential s1o2s mani)estation o)
rig!t to recei%e t!e same needs it for needs.
maintenance& but it s!all not be paid e(cept from
t!e date of "udicial or e(tra8"udicial demand$
Support pendente lite ma# be claimed in
accordance it! t!e Rules of -ourt$
;a#ment s!all be made it!in t!e first fi%e da#s of
eac! corresponding mont! or !en t!e recipient
dies& !is !eirs s!all not be obliged to return !at
!e !as recei%ed in ad%ance$
Art5 2D<: T!e person obliged to gi%e support s!all (o! to provide support
!a%e t!e option to fulfill t!e obligation eit!er b# Can 3e 3y +i&in+ t1e money or allo2an'e
pa#ing t!e alloance fi(ed& or b# recei%ing and

Or 3y allo2in+ t1e 8erson to stay in )amily
D. So3re8e9a 7.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
maintaining in t!e famil# delling t!e person !o d2ellin+ unless t1ere is a le+al or moral o3sta'le
!as a rig!t to recei%e support$ T!e latter (*s*ally re)ers to ille+itimate '1ildren 21o are
alternati%e cannot be a%ailed of in case t!ere is a +enerally not allo2ed to +et )rom ACP or CP;)
moral or legal obstacle t!ereto$
Art. 2,5: T!e rig!t to recei%e support under t!is !1e ri+1t to re'ei&e s*88ort and t1e money or A "o2e&er in 'ase o) 'ontra't*al
Title as ell as an# mone# or propert# obtained as 8ro8erty o3tained as s*'1 s*88ort 'annot 3e s*88ort or t1at +i&en 3y 2ill- t1e
suc! support s!all not be le%ied upon on made to satis)y any G*d+ment a+ainst t1e re'i8ient e:'ess amo*nt 3eyond t1at
attac!ment or e(ecution$ re4*ired )or le+al s*88ort 'an 3e
s*3Ge't o) e:e'*tion.
Art. 2,%: <!en& it!out t!e 0noledge of t!e Art5 2D> &e$uisites: L*asi%'ontra't$ G*ridi'al relation
person obliged to gi%e support& it is gi%en b# a !1ere is a need to be supported and !ithout 21i'1 arises )rom 'ertain la2)*l-
stranger& t!e latter s!all !a%e a rig!t to claim t!e Fno!led#e of person obli#ed to #ive support it &ol*ntary and *nilateral a'ts to t1e
same from t!e former& unless it appears t!at !e is +i&en 3y anot1er- 1e 'an reim3*rse *nless 1e end t1at no one s1all 3e *nG*stly
ga%e it it!out intention of being reimbursed$ 1as no intention o) 3ein+ reim3*rsed. enri'1ed or 3ene)ited at t1e

I) 8erson o3li+ed to +i&e s*88ort unEustly refuses

e:8ense o) anot1er (3asis )or
Art. 2,(. <!en t!e person obliged to support reim3*rsement o) one 21o +i&es
a t1ird 8erson 'an +i&e it 2it1 ri+1t o)
anot!er un"ustl# refuses or fails to gi%e support s*88ort)
reim3*rsement.
!en urgentl# needed b# t!e latter& an# t!ird
Art5 2D6 &e$uisites:
person ma# furnis! support to t!e need#
.. 0r+ent need to 3e s*88orted on t1e 8art o) t1e
indi%idual& it! rig!t of reimbursement from t!e
re'i8ient
person obliged to gi%e support$ T!is Article s!all
2. !1e 8erson o3li+ed to s*88ort *nG*stly re)*ses or
particularl# appl# !en t!e fat!er or mot!er of a
)ails to +i&e s*88ort.
c!ild under t!e age of ma"orit# un"ustl# refuses to
,. !1ird 8erson )*rnis1es t1e s*88ort to t1e needy
support or fails to gi%e support to t!e c!ild !en
indi&id*al
urgentl# needed$
@I) all are 8resent ,
rd
8erson s1all 1a&e ri+1t to
reim3*rsment.
Art. 2,): In case of contractual support or t!at % !1is is di))erent )rom le+al s*88ort- 21i'1 'annot
gi%en b# ill& t!e e(cess in amount be#ond t!at 3e le&ied *8onK 'ontra't*al s*88ort 1o2e&er is not
re'uired for legal support s!all be sub"ect to le%# mandated 3y la2.
on attac!ment or e(ecution % !1e e:'ess in amo*nt o) le+al s*88ort s1all 3e
s*3Ge't to le&y on atta'1ment or e:e'*tion.
PAR#!AL A0!"ORI!D
Art. 2,+: ;ursuant to t!e natural rig!t and dut# of % #at*ral a))e'tion 3et2een t1e 8arents and t1e
D. So3re8e9a 72
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
parents o%er t!e person and propert# of t!eir o))s8rin+ 1as al2ays 3een re'o+ni<ed as an
unemancipated c!ildren& parental aut!orit# and in1erent and nat*ral ri+1t.
responsibilit# s!all include t!e caring for and % Parental a*t1ority in&ol&es a mass o) ri+1ts and
rearing t!em for ci%ic consciousness and o3li+ations.
efficienc# and t!e de%elopment of t!eir moral&
mental and p!#sical c!aracter and ell8being$
Art. 21,: ;arental aut!orit# and responsibilit# % Parental a*t1ority and res8onsi3ility may not 3e Except 21en 8ro&ided 3y la2
ma# not be renounced or transferred e(cept in t!e reno*n'ed or trans)erred e:'e8t in t1e 'ases (Cases o) ado8tion- +*ardians1i8
cases aut!ori.ed b# la$ a*t1ori<ed 3y la2. Parental a*t1ority and and s*rrender to a '1ildrenJs 1ome
res8onsi3ility 'annot 3e reno*n'ed or trans)erred or or81ana+e)
%A1en a 8arent +i&es a*t1ority to
anot1er it merely tem8orary
'*stody not ren*n'iation.
Art. 211: T!e fat!er and t!e mot!er s!all "ointl# In 'ase o) disa+reement t1e )at1erJs de'ision s1all
e(ercise parental aut!orit# o%er t!e persons of 8re&ail *nless t1ere is a G*di'ial order.
t!eir common c!ildren$ In case of disagreement& C1ildren s1o*ld o3ser&e res8e't and are o3li+ed
t!e fat!erAs decision s!all pre%ail& unless t!ere is a
to o3ey t1em as lon+ as t1ey are *nder t1eir
"udicial order to t!e contrar#$
8arental a*t1ority
-!ildren s!all ala#s obser%e respect and
A88lies to 3ot1 le+itimate and ille+itimate
re%erence toards t!eir parents and are obliged
&e$uisites for it to apply to ille#itimate:
to obe# t!em as long as t!e c!ildren are under
.. Paternity is (no2s or t1e )at1er is 'ertain.
parental aut!orit#$
2. Ille+itimate is li&in+ 2it1 t1e )at1er and mot1er
21o are 'o1a3itin+ 2it1o*t t1e 3ene)it o)
marria+e.
(I) one o) t1e re4*isites are missin+ only mot1er 1as
8arental a*t1ority)
@Fat1erJs s*3se4*ent se8aration does not mean a
ren*n'iation. On'e 8arental a*t1ority is &ested 'annot 3e
2ai&ed.
Art. 212: In case of absence or deat! of eit!er I) a s8o*se dies- t1e ot1er s8o*se still 1as A#e2 s8o*se does not +et 8arental
parent& t!e parent present s!all continue 8arental a*t1ority a*t1ority 3y t1e )a't o) marria+e.
e(ercising parental aut!orit#$ T!e remarriage of Remarria+e does not a))e't t1e 8arental a*t1ority #e2 s8o*se m*st ado8t t1e
t!e sur%i%ing parent s!all not affect t!e parental o) t1e 8arent. '1ildren to 1a&e 8arental a*t1ority.
aut!orit# o%er t!e c!ildren& unless t!e court Les3ianism not a +ro*nd to de8ri&e o) '*stody.
appoints anot!er person to be t!e guardian of t!e
person or propert# of t!e c!ildren$
D. So3re8e9a 7,
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. 21!: In case of separation of t!e parents& In 'ase o) se8aration t1e 'o*rt s1all desi+nate a A!1is does not mean t1at t1e ot1er
parental aut!orit# s!all be e(ercised b# t!e parent 8arent to 1a&e 8arental a*t1ority (ta(in+ into 8arent 1as no more PA.
designated b# t!e -ourt$ T!e -ourt s!all ta0e into 'onsideration '1oi'e o) t1ose 7 and a3o&e) @"a3eas 'or8*s is 8ro8er remedy
account all rele%ant considerations& especiall# t!e #o '1ild 3elo2 7 s1all 3e se8arated )rom mot1er to +et '*stody o) a '1ild )rom t1e
c!oice of t!e c!ild o%er se%en #ears of age&
unless there is compellin# reason not to do so.
ot1er 8arent or ,
rd
8ersons.
unless t!e parent c!osen is unfit$
(A+e is 'onsidered )rom 21en t1e de'ision is

made or 21en '*stody is +i&en)

C*stody may also 3e +i&en to ,
rd
8ersons i) t1e
sit*ation so 2arrants.
Art. 21$: In case of deat!& absence or In 'ase o) deat1- a3sen'e or *ns*ita3ility o) t1e
unsuitabilit# of t!e parents& substitute parental 8arents s*3stit*te 8arental a*t1ority s1all 3e
aut!orit# s!all be e(ercised b# t!e sur%i%ing e:er'ised 3y t1e s*r&i&in+ +rand8arent.
grandparent$ In case se%eral sur%i%e& t!e one In 'ase se&eral +rand8arents s*r&i&e- t1e 'o*rt
designated b# t!e court& ta0ing into account t!e 2ill de'ide.
same consideration mentioned in t!e preceding
article& s!all e(ercise t!e aut!orit#$
Art. 215: )o descendant s!all be compelled& in a #o des'endant s1all 3e 'om8elled in a 'riminal A#ot mandatory in nat*re so i) t1e
criminal case& to testif# against !is parents and 'ase to testi)y a+ainst 1is 8arents or +rand8arents '1ild 2ants to 1e 'an do so
grandparents& e(cept !en suc! testimon# is *nless t1e 'rime is a+ainst t1e des'endant or 3y &ol*ntarily.
indispensable in a crime against t!e descendant one 8arent a+ainst t1e ot1er.
or b# one parent against t!e ot!er$

"*s3and and 2i)e d*rin+ or a)ter t1e marria+e
'annot 3e e:amined 2it1o*t t1e 'onsent o) t1e
ot1er (marital 8ri&ile+e). Except: in a 'i&il 'ase 3y
one a+ainst t1e ot1er- in a 'riminal 'ase 3y one
a+ainst t1e ot1er or to t1e latterJs des'endant or
as'endant.
S0FS!I!0! A#D SPCIAL PAR#!AL A0!"ORI!D
Art. 21%: In default of parents or a "udiciall# .
st
$ 8arents e:er'ise 8arental a*t1ority t1en a G*di'ially A!1ey 2ill 1a&e t1e ri+1ts and
appointed guardian& t!e folloing person s!all a88ointed +*ardian in de)a*lt o) s*'1 +*ardian$ res8onsi3ilities o) a 8arent
e(ercise substitute parental aut!orit# o%er t!e c!ild .. S*r&i&in+ +rand8arent en*merated in art. 220 on2ards.
in t!e order indicated: 2. Oldest 3rot1er or sister o&er 2. @Order is not mandatory$
*$ T!e sur%i%ing grandparent& as pro%ided in Art$ ,. C1ildJs a't*al '*stodian o&er 2. 8aramo*nt interest
,*4? @ !1e list is merely a +*ideline- )itness- 'a8a3ilities-
D. So3re8e9a 7C
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
,$ T!e oldest brot!er or sister& o%er tent#8one et' m*st still 3e 'onsidered.
#ears of age& unless unfit or dis'ualified? and
/$ T!e c!ildAs actual custodian& o%er tent#8one
#ears of age& unless unfit or dis'ualified$
<!ene%er t!e appointment or a "udicial guardian
o%er t!e propert# of t!e c!ild becomes necessar#&
t!e same order of preference s!all be obser%ed$
Art. 21(: In case of foundlings& abandoned In 'ase o) no )amily mem3ers ()o*ndlin+- a3andoned-
neglected or abused c!ildren and ot!er c!ildren ne+le'ted or a3*sed '1ildren and ot1er '1ildren similarly
similarl# situated& parental aut!orit# s!all be sit*ated)
entrusted in summar# "udicial proceedings to !eads % Parental a*t1ority s1all 3e entr*sted in s*mmary
of c!ildrenAs !omes& orp!anages and similar G*di'ial 8ro'eedin+s to 1eads o) '1ildrenJs
institutions dul# accredited b# t!e proper 1omes- or81ana+es- et'.
go%ernment agenc#$ 'ransfer of parental authority:
.. In&ol*ntary$ 3y DSAS 21o )iles 2it1 'o*rt to
1a&e '*stody o&er t1e '1ild.
2. Vol*ntary$ 8arent or '1ild 'ommits to t1e DSAS
(s*rrendered in 2ritin+ 3y 8arents- i) only . and
t1e ot1er is dead or a3andoned )or at least .
year . 8arent a*t1ori<ation is eno*+1)
Art. 21): T!e sc!ool& its administrators and S'1ool- administrators- tea'1ers- indi&id*als or Except: no lia3ility 3y t1ose 2it1
teac!ers& or t!e indi%idual& entit# or institution entities en+a+ed in '1ild 'are s1all 1a&e s8e'ial s8e'ial 8arental a*t1ority i) it 'an
engaged in c!ild are s!all !a%e special parental 8arental a*t1ority and res8onsi3ility o&er t1e 3e 8ro&en t1at s*'1 8erson
aut!orit# and responsibilit# o%er t!e minor c!ild minor '1ild 21ile *nder t1eir s*8er&ision- e:er'ised t1e 8ro8er dili+en'e in
!ile under t!eir super%ision& instruction or custod#$ instr*'tion- '*stody. (!1is a*t1ority a88lies to t1e 'ir'*mstan'es. Parents can7t
Aut!orit# and responsibilit# s!all appl# to all a*t1ori<ed a'ti&ities inside or o*tside t1e use dili#ence as a defense
aut!ori.ed acti%ities !et!er inside or outside t!e 8remises) (im8*ted lia3ility )lo2s )rom )ilial
premises of t!e sc!ool& entit# or institution$ !1ose +i&en s8e'ial a*t1ority s1all 3e 8rin'i8ally relation).
and solidariliy lia3le ('i&il lia3ility) )or dama+es @Can 3e an a'ademi' or non%
Art. 21+: T!ose gi%en t!e aut!orit# and 'a*sed 3y t1e a'ts or omissions o) t1e minor. a'ademi' s'1ool.
responsibilit# under t!e preceding Article s!all be (M*st 3e tea'1er in '1ar+e et').
principall# and solidaril# liable for damages caused Parents or t1ose 21o 1a&e s*3stit*te 8arental
b# t!e acts or omissions of t!e unemancipated
a*t1ority s1all 3e subsidiarily liable ?i) 8ersons
minor$ T!e parents& "udicial guardians or t!e
2it1 s8e'ial a*t1ority 'annot 'o&er t1e lia3ility)
persons e(ercising substitute parental aut!orit# o%er
0nder t1e 'i&il 'ode- arti'le 2.60- tea'1ers et'
said minor s!all be subsidiaril# liable$
'an still 3e 1eld lia3le 21en '1ildren are not
D. So3re8e9a 7/
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
D. So3re8e9a
T!e respecti%e liabilities of t!ose referred to in t!e anymore minors s*3Ge't to t1e de)ense o) 8ro8er
preceding paragrap! s!all not appl# if it is pro%ed dili+en'e.
t!at t!e# e(ercised t!e proper diligence re'uired
under t!e particular circumstances$
All ot!er cases not co%ered b# t!is and t!e
preceding articles s!all be go%erned b# t!e
pro%isions of t!e -i%il -ode on 'uasi8delicts$
FFC! OF PAR#!AL A0!"ORI!D 0PO# !" PRSO#S OF !" C"ILDR#
Art. 22,: T!e parents and t!ose e(ercising parental Ri+1ts and d*ties o) 8arents$ ACases in t1e 0S 2o*ld s1o2 t1at
aut!orit# s!all !a%e it! t!e respect to t!eir .. S*88ort- ed*'ate and instr*'t t1em- 8ro&ide )or s*88ort 'an 3e 2it11eld )rom t1e
unemancipated c!ildren on ards t!e folloing t1eir *83rin+in+ in (ee8in+ 2it1 t1eir means. '1ild as a dis'i8linary san'tion i)
rig!ts and duties: 2. Lo&e and a))e'tion- ad&i'e- 'o*nselin+- t1e '1ild re)*ses to o3ey t1e
*$ To 0eep t!em in t!eir compan#& to support& 'om8anions1i8- and *nderstandin+ )at1er. (F*t mere disa+reements
educate and instruct t!em b# rig!t precept and good ,. Moral and s8irit*al +*idan'e or delin4*ent 3e1a&ior does not
e(ample& and to pro%ide for t!eir upbringing in C. P1ysi'al and mental 1ealt1 +enerally terminate s*88ort).
0eeping it! t!eir means? /. ;ood and 21olesome ed*'ational materials and RO V. DO.
,$ To gi%e t!em lo%e and affection& ad%ice and 8re&ent t1em )rom 3ad 'om8any
counsel& companions!ip and understanding? E. Re8resent t1em in all matters a))e'tin+ t1eir
/$ To pro%ide t!em it! moral and spiritual interest.
guidance& inculcate in t!em !onest#& integrit#& self8 7. Demand res8e't and o3edien'e
discipline& self8reliance& industr# and t!rift& stimulate 6. Im8ose dis'i8line
t!eir interest in ci%ic affairs& and inspire in t!em 9. Ot1ers im8osed 3y la2
compliance it! t!e duties of citi.ens!ip? Dis'i8linary A'tions$ 8arents may in)li't a reasona3le
4$ To furnis! t!em it! good and !olesome meas*re o) 'or8oral 8*nis1ment.
educational materials& super%ise t!eir acti%ities& (Read C1ild and Do*t1 Ael)are Code BRi+1ts o) t1e
recreation and association it! ot!ers& protect t!em '1ild)
from bad compan#& and pre%ent t!em from
ac'uiring !abits detrimental to t!eir !ealt!& studies
and morals?
1$ To represent t!em in all matters affecting t!eir
interests?
=$ To demand from t!em respect and obedience?
5$ To impose discipline on t!em as ma# be re'uired
under t!e circumstances? and
6$ To perform suc! ot!er duties as are imposed b#
7E
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
la upon parents and guardians$
Art. 221: ;arents and ot!er persons e(ercising Parents are 8rimarily lia3le ('i&illy) )or inG*ries Exception: i) 8arents 'an s1o2
parental aut!orit# s!all be ci%ill# liable for t!e and dama+es 'a*sed 3y t1e a'ts and omissions t1at t1ey e:er'ised t1e dili+en'e
in"uries and damages caused b# t!e acts or o) t1eir *neman'i8ated '1ildren li&in+ in t1eir o) a +ood )at1er- t1en no lia3ility.
omissions of t!eir unemancipated c!ildren li%ing in 'om8any and *nder t1eir 8arental a*t1ority.
t!eir compan# and under t!eir parental aut!orit#
sub"ect to t!e appropriate defenses pro%ided b# la$
Art. 222: T!e courts ma# appoint a guardian of t!e Co*rt may a88oint a +*ardian )or 8*r8oses o) t1e
c!ildAs propert# or a guardian ad litem !en t!e best la2s*it 21en t1e 3est interest o) t1e '1ild
interests of t!e c!ild so re'uires$ re4*ires it.
;0ARDIA#S"IP$ tr*st relation o) t1e most sa'red
'1ara'ter.
Art5 229: T!e parents or& in t!eir absence or Person 21o 1as 8arental a*t1ority may see( t1e Art. 22$: T!e measures referred
incapacit#& t!e indi%idual& entit# or institution assistan'e o) t1e 'o*rt to dis'i8line t1e '1ild and to in t!e preceding article ma#
e(ercising parental aut!orit#& ma# petition t!e 2it1 a 'o*nsel s1all *nder+o a s*mmary 1earin+. include t!e commitment of t!e
proper court of t!e place !ere t!e c!ild resides& for I) t1e 'o*rt )inds t1at it is t1e 8etitioner at )a*lt- c!ild for not more t!an t!irt# da#s
an order pro%iding for disciplinar# measures o%er t1e 'o*rt may s*s8end or de8ri&e 1im o) 8arental in entities or institutions engaged
t!e c!ild$ T!e c!ild s!all be entitled to t!e a*t1ority. in c!ild care or in c!ildrenAs
assistance of counsel& eit!er of !is c!oice or D*rin+ t1e 'ommitment o) t1e '1ild t1e 8arent !omes dul# accredited b# t!e
appointed b# t!e court& and a summar# !earing
'annot inter)ere 2it1 t1e 'are o) t1e '1ild but 2ill
proper go%ernment agenc#$
s!all be conducted !erein t!e petitioner and t!e T!e parent e(ercising parental
provide support.
c!ild s!all be !eard$ aut!orit# s!all not interfere it!
!1e 'o*rt may terminate t1e 'ommitment o) t1e
>oe%er& if in t!e same proceeding t!e court finds t!e care of t!e c!ild !ene%er
'1ild 21ene&er G*st and 8ro8er.
t!e petitioner at fault& irrespecti%e of t!e merits of committed but s!all pro%ide for
t!e petition& or !en t!e circumstances so arrant& !is support$ Upon proper petition
t!e court ma# also order t!e depri%ation or or at its on instance& t!e court
suspension of parental aut!orit# or adopt suc! ot!er ma# terminate t!e commitment of
measures as it ma# deem "ust and proper$ t!e c!ild !ene%er "ust and
proper$
FFC! OF PAR#!AL A0!"ORI!D 0PO# !" PROPR!D OF !" C"ILDR#
Art. 2255 T!e fat!er and t!e mot!er s!all "ointl# #o need )or a G*di'ial 'o*rt to a88oint 8arents
e(ercise legal guardians!ip o%er t!e propert# of t!e as +*ardians. It is 8res*med t1at t1e 8arents
unemancipated common c!ild it!out t!e necessit# of a't )or t1e 3est interest o) t1e '1ild.
a court appointment$ In case of disagreement& t!e Pro1i3ition ('ases 21ere a 8arent 'annot 3e t1e
fat!erAs decision s!all pre%ail& unless t!ere is a "udicial administrator o) t1e 8ro8erty)$
order to t!e contrar#$ .. A1en a 8arent is disin1erited and 1isI1er
'1ild in1erits )rom t1e '1ildJs +rand8arents 1is
D. So3re8e9a 77
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
<!ere t!e mar0et %alue of t!e propert# or t!e annual s1are o) t1e 'om8*lsory in1eritan'e- t1e
income of t!e c!ild e(ceeds ;19&999& t!e parent 8arent 'annot administer s*'1 8ro8erty. !1e
concerned s!all be re'uired to furnis! a bond in suc! 8arent 1o2e&er 'an administer 21ate&er is
amount as t!e court ma# determine& but not less t!an +i&en to t1e '1ild 3y 2ay o) &ol*ntary 2ill.
ten per centum 2*9E3 of t!e %alue of t!e propert# or 2. A1en t1e 8arent is *n)it to administer t1e
annual income& to guarantee t!e performance of t!e 8ro8erty and t1*s a +*ardian is needed.
obligations prescribed for general guardians$ % ParentJs a*t1ority o&er t1e estate o) t1e 2ard
as a le+al%+*ardian 2o*ld not e:tend to a'ts
A %erified petition for appro%al of t!e bond s!all be filed o) en'*m3ran'e or dis8osition- as
in t!e proper court of t!e place !ere t!e c!ild resides& distin+*is1ed )rom a'ts o) mana+ement or
or& if t!e c!ild resides in a foreign countr#& in t!e proper administration.
court of t!e place !ere t!e propert# or an# part .. i) t1e mar(et &al*e o) total 8ro8erty or in'ome o)
t!ereof is situated$ '1ild is more t1an P/0(- t1e 8arent 1as to +i&e a 3ond
not less t1an .0R o) &al*e o) 8ro8erty to +*arantee
T!e petition s!all be doc0eted as a summar# special 8er)orman'e o) t1e o3li+ations 8res'ri3ed )or +eneral
proceeding in !ic! all incidents and issues regarding +*ardians. (to 3e s*re t1at +*ardians donJt a3*se t1eir
t!e performance of t!e obligations referred to in t!e a*t1ority and do 21at t1ey are re4*ired to do)
second paragrap! of t!is Article s!all be !eard and 2. r*les on +*ardians1i8 a88ly s*88lementary to
resol%ed$ 8arents- 3*t i) '1ild is *nder s*3stit*te 8arental
a*t1ority or +*ardian is a stran+er t1en r*les on
T!e ordinar# rules on guardians!ip s!all be merel# +*ardians1i8 a88ly.
suppletor# e(cept !en t!e c!ild is under substitute @8arentJs a*t1ority o&er t1e estate does not in'l*de
parental aut!orit#& or t!e guardian is a stranger& or a alienation or en'*m3ran'e- or 'om8romise or 2ai&er
parent !as remarried& in !ic! case t!e ordinar# rules (&oid). B a*t1ority is needed )rom 'o*rt.
on guardians!ip s!all appl#$
Art. 22%. T!e propert# of t!e unemancipated c!ild C1ildJs salary still )or 1isI1er e:'l*si&ely *sed
earned or ac'uired it! !is or0 or industr# or b# )or 3ene)it o) '1ild 3*t '1ild also 1as o3li+ation
onerous or gratuitous title s!all belong to t!e c!ild in to s*88ort as'endants t1*s salary 'an 3e
oners!ip and s!all be de%oted e(clusi%el# to t!e *sed.
latterAs support and education& unless t!e title or ParentJs 'annot *se 8ro8erty )or 8ersonal
transfer pro%ides ot!erise$ *se.
T!e rig!t of t!e parents o%er t!e fruits and income of -t1e '1ild s1all o2n exclusively 21ate&er 1e earns or
t!e c!ildAs propert# s!all be limited primaril# to t!e 3y onero*s or +rat*ito*s title.
c!ildAs support and secondaril# to t!e collecti%e dail# %t1e )r*its o) s*'1 'an only 3e *sed 3y t1e 8arents )or
needs of t!e famil#$ t1e s*88ort o) t1e '1ild and se'ondarily )or t1e s*88ort
o) t1e )amily.
Art. 22(: If t!e parents entrust t!e management or Parents 21o en+a+e t1eir *neman'i8ated
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Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
administration of an# of t!eir properties to an '1ild to ta(e 'are o) t1eir 8ro8erties are to
unemancipated c!ild& t!e net proceeds of suc! +i&e t1eir '1ild a mont1ly allo2an'e ta(en
propert# s!all belong to t!e oner$ T!e c!ild s!all be )rom t1e +ross 8ro'eeds o) t1e 8ro8erty )or
gi%en a reasonable mont!l# alloance in an amount t1e mont1. S*'1 2ill not 3e '1ar+ed to t1e
not less t!an t!at !ic! t!e oner ould !a%e paid if '1ildJs le+itime.
t!e administrator ere a stranger& unless t!e oner& !1e net 8ro'eeds or t1e 3alan'e le)t a)ter t1e
grants t!e entire proceeds to t!e c!ild$ In an# case& t!e 8ayment o) t1e allo2an'e and e:8enses 2ill
proceeds t!us gi%e in !ole or in part s!all not be +o to t1e 8arents
c!arged to t!e c!ildAs legitime$
S0SP#SIO# OR !RMI#A!IO# OF PAR#!AL A0!"ORI!D
Art. 22): ;arental aut!orit# terminates permanentl#: !1e 'o*rt *8on t1e deat1 o) t1e 8arents 'an A8arental a*t1ority 'annot 3e
*$ Upon t!e deat! of t!e parents? a88oint a +*ardian on 8etition o) a relati&e- re&i&ed in t1ese 'ases.
,$ Upon t!e deat! of t!e c!ild? or )amily )riend- or DSAD.
/$ Upon emancipation of t!e c!ild. !1ese sit*ations e:tin+*is1es 8arental
a*t1ority
Art. 22+: Unless subse'uentl# re%i%ed b# a final ;ro*nds )or termination$ A)or t1e reinstatement o) 8arental
"udgment& parental aut!orit# also terminates: .. Ado8tion B all le+al ties are se&ered an are a*t1ority G*di'ial de'laration is
*$ Upon adoption of t!e c!ild? &ested on t1e ado8ter. needed )or reinstatement o)
,$ Upon appointment of a general guardian? 2. a88ointment o) +*ardian 8arental a*t1ority.
/$ Upon "udicial declaration of abandonment of t!e ,. a3andonment o) '1ild (*8on G*di'ial
c!ild in a case filed for t!e purpose? de'laration in a 'ase )iled )or t1e 8*r8ose)
4$ Upon final "udgment of a competent court di%esting C. )inal G*d+ment )rom 'o*rt de8ri&in+ 8arental
t!e part# concerned of parental aut!orit#? or a*t1ority
1$ Upon "udicial declaration of absence or incapacit# of /. G*di'ial de'laration o) a3sen'e or in'a8a'ity o)
t!e person e(ercising parental aut!orit#$ 8erson
Art. 2!,: ;arental aut!orit# is suspended upon % 8arental a*t1ority is s*s8ended *8on 'on&i'tion o) A8arental a*t1ority is
con%iction of t!e parent or t!e person e(ercising t!e t1e 8arent o) a 'rime t1at 1as 'i&il interdi'tion (loss o) automatically reinstated *8on
same of a crime !ic! carries it! it t!e penalt# of ci%il ri+1ts o) 8arental a*t1ority- +*ardians1i8 to 8erson ser&i'e o) senten'e or 8ardon.
interdiction$ T!e aut!orit# is automaticall# reinstated and 8ro8erty o) 2ard- marital a*t1ority- ri+1t to
upon ser%ice of t!e penalt# or upon pardon or amnest# mana+e 1is 8ro8erty and ri+1t to dis8ose o) s*'1.
of t!e offender$
Art. 2!1: T!e court in an action filed for t!e purpose in Suspension of parental authority ('an 3e )rom a Ai) t1e de+ree or serio*sness so
a related case ma# also suspend parental aut!orit# if 'ase related- o))s1oot o) anot1er 'ase. Does not 1a&e 2arrants 8arent may 3e de8ri&ed
t!e parent or t!e person e(ercising t!e same: to 3e 'ase )iled )or t1e 8*r8ose) o) a*t1ority.
*$Treats t!e c!ild it! e(cessi%e !ars!ness or cruelt# .. treats t1e '1ild 2it1 excessive 1ars1ness or @Parental a*t1ority may 3e
,$ Gi%es t!e c!ild corrupting orders& counsel or 'r*elty re&i&ed in a 'ase )iled )or its
e(ample? 8*r8ose or in t1e same
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/$ -ompels t!e c!ild to beg? or 2. +i&es '1ild 'orr*8tin+ orders- e:am8le or 8ro'eedin+ i) t1e 'o*rt )inds t1at
4$ Sub"ects t!e c!ild or allos !im to be sub"ected to 'o*nsel t1e 'a*se 1as 'eased.
acts of lasci%iousness$ ,. Com8els t1e '1ild to 3e+
T!e grounds enumerated abo%e are deemed to include C. S*3Ge'ts or allo2s 1im to 3e s*3Ge't to a'ts o)
cases& !ic! !a%e resulted from culpable negligence of las'i&io*sness (not a't*al se:*al a't- )or'e or
t!e parent or t!e person e(ercising parental aut!orit#$ intimidation 2it1 le2d desi+n)
If t!e degree of seriousness so arrants& or t!e elfare @ !1is may in'l*de 'ases 21ere t1e 8arent 2as
of t!e c!ild so demands& t!e court s!all depri%e t!e ne#li#ent or didnJt do anyt1in+ a3o*t t1e sit*ation.
guilt# part# of parental aut!orit# or adopt suc! ot!er
measures as ma# be proper under t!e circumstances$
T!e suspension or depri%ation ma# be re%o0ed and t!e
parental aut!orit# re%i%ed in a case filed for t!e
purpose or in t!e same proceeding if t!e court finds
t!at t!e cause t!erefor !as ceased and ill not be
repeated$
Art. 2!2: If t!e person e(ercising parental aut!orit# !as I) t1e 8erson e:er'isin+ 8arental a*t1ority 1as A8arental a*t1ority 'annot 3e
sub"ected t!e c!ild or alloed !im to be sub"ected to sub"ected t1e '1ild or alloed !im to be re&i&ed )or se:*al a3*se.
se(ual abuse& suc! person s!all be permanentl# sub"ected ('*l8a3le ne+li+en'e o) a 8arent) to @RPC$ 8arental a*t1ority 'an 3e
depri%ed b# t!e court of suc! aut!orit#$ sexual abuse parental authority !ill be de8ri&ed or s*s8ended *8 to t1e
permanently deprived dis'retion o) t1e 'o*rts.
0nder &PC: any 8erson entr*sted 2it1 8arental
a*t1ority o) a '1ild *nder .E years o) a+e to deli&er-
+rat*ito*sly or in 'onsideration o) a 8ri'e- s*'1 '1ild to
&a+rant or 3e++ar- em8loys '1ildren in e:1i3itions
('ir'*s- 'arni&al- et'.)
Art. 2!!: T!e person e(ercising substitute parental Corporal punishment of those !ith special
aut!orit# s!all !a%e t!e same aut!orit# o%er t!e person parental authority:
of t!e c!ild as t!e parents$ % t1ose e:er'isin+ s*3stit*te 8arental a*t1ority
In no case s!all t!e sc!ool administrator& teac!er of 2ill 1a&e all t1e same ri+1ts and a*t1orities
indi%idual engaged in c!ild care e(ercising special o&er t1e '1ild ('an in)li't 'or8oral 8*nis1ment)
parental aut!orit# inflict corporal punis!ment upon t!e % t1ose 2it1 s8e'ial 8arental a*t1ority 'annot
c!ild$ in)li't 'or8oral 8*nis1ment on t1e '1ild.
(s'1ools 'an im8ose 'ertain meas*res o)
dis'i8linary a'tion 3*t 'annot in)li't any
81ysi'al 8*nis1ment)
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Criminal liability of parents:
.. 'on'eals or a3andons t1e '1ild 2it1 intent to ma(e 1imI1er loose 1is 'i&il stat*s
2. a3andons '1ild de8ri&in+ 1im o) t1e lo&e- 'are- and 8rote'tion 1e needs
,. sells or a3andons '1ild )or a &al*a3le 'onsideration
C. ne+le'ts t1e '1ild 3y not +i&in+ 1im t1e ed*'ation 21i'1 t1e )amily 'an a))ord
/. )ails or re)*ses 2it1o*t G*sti)ia3le reason to enroll '1ild
E. 'a*ses- a3ates- or 8ermits tr*an'y o) t1e '1ild. (a3sen'e 2it1o*t 'a*se )or more t1an 20 days- not ne'essarily 'onse'*ti&e)
7. e:8loits '1ild 3y *sin+ 1im )or 3e++in+- et'.
6. in)li'ts 'r*el and *n*s*al 8*nis1ment
9. en'o*ra+es or 'a*ses '1ild to lead an immoral or dissol*te li)e
.0. 8ermits '1ild to *se or 'arry dan+ero*s 2ea8ons
... allo2s or re4*ires '1ild to dri&e 2it1o*t a li'ense.
MA#CIPA!IO#
Art. 2!$: Emancipation ta0es place b# t!e % man'i8ation is attained *8on rea'1in+ .6 years o) a+e.
attainment of ma"orit#$ Unless ot!erise Marria+e is no lon+er a +ro*nd )or eman'i8ation sin'e
pro%ided& ma"orit# commences at t!e age of no2 one 'an only 'ontra't a marria+e 21en t1ey marry.
eig!teen$
Art. 2!%: Emancipation for an# cases s!all % Parental 'onsent is more in (ee8in+ 2it1 Fili8ino '*lt*re @Ille+itimate '1ildren$ lia3ility is
terminate parental aut!orit# o%er t!e person and tradition. 2it1 t1e mot1erK t1e )at1er is
and propert# of t!e c!ild !o s!all t!en be % On'e eman'i8ated 1eIs1e 'an s*e or 3e s*ed alone- only relied *8on )or s*88ort.
'ualified and responsible for all acts of ci%il of and is res8onsi3le and 4*ali)ied )or all a'ts o) 'i&il li)e
life& sa%e t!e e(ceptions establis!ed b# e(isting ParentJs lia3ility$
las in special cases$ % !1e )at1er and in 'ase o) deat1 or in'a8a'ity t1e mot1er
-ontracting marriage s!all re'uire parental are res8onsi3le )or t1e dama+es 'a*sed 3y t1e '1ildren
consent until t!e age of ,*$ 3et2een .6 and 2. 21o li&e in t1eir 'om8any.
)ot!ing in t!is code s!all be construed to % Parents are also s*3sidiary lia3le )or t1e a'ts or
derogate from t!e dut# or responsibilit# of omission o) t1eir eman'i8ated '1ild li&in+ in t1eir
parents and guardians for c!ildren and ards '*stody-
belo tent#8one #ears of age mentioned in ;*ardianJs lia3ility$
t!e second and t!ird paragrap!s of Article ,*69 % ;*ardians are lia3le )or dama+es i) t1e 8erson is *nder
of t!e ci%il code$ t1eir a*t1ority and li&e in t1eir 'om8any.
Summary proceedin#s:
- 'laims )or dama+es 3y eit1er s8o*se m*st 3e done in a se8arate a'tion.
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Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
- Preliminary 'on)eren'e$ done 3y G*d+e 2it1 t1e 8arties !Go counsel5 F*t i) t1e 'o*rt deems it ne'essary- t1ey 'an 3e assisted 3y
'o*nsel a)ter.
- De'isions 3e'ome )inal and e:e'*tory immediately (no more la8se o) ./ days et') 1o2e&er a++rie&ed 8arty 'an still a88eal to 1i+1er 'o*rts
on t1e 3asis o) denial o) d*e 8ro'ess.
)amily courts:
- s1all esta3lis1 )amily 'o*rts in e&ery 8ro&in'e and 'ity. I) t1e 'ity is t1e 'a8ital o) t1e 8ro&in'e t1en in t1e m*ni'i8ality 2it1 t1e 1i+1est n*m3er
o) 8eo8le.
5*risdi'tion o&er$
.. 'riminal 'ases o) t1ose 9%.6 years o) a+e (3*t all 'ases 'on'ernin+ determination o) a+e still 2it1 )amily 'o*rts)
2. 8etitions )or +*ardians1i8- '*stody- 1a3eas 'or8*s
,. ado8tion and re&o'ation t1ereo)
C. ann*lment- n*llity- relatin+ to marital stat*s- 8ro8erty relations- dissol*tion o) CP;
/. s*88ort and a'(no2led+ment
E. s*mmary G*di'ial 8ro'eedin+s
7. de'laration o) stat*s o) '1ildren- 'ommitment o) '1ildren- s*s8ension termination or restoration o) 8arental a*t1ority.
6. Constit*tion o) )amily 1ome
9. Cases a+ainst minors (dan+ero*s dr*+s a't)
.0. Violations o) 7E.0
... Violations a+ainst VAAC (*nless 3e'omes 'riminal in 21i'1 'ase o))ender 2ill 3e s*3Ge't to 'riminal
8ro'eedin+s) @i) any 3e'ome an in'ident to a 'ase 8endin+ in t1e re+*lar 'o*rts it s1all 3e de'ided t1ere.
)unerals:
- same arran+ement esta3lis1ed )or s*88ort (s8o*ses- des'endants t1en as'endants in t1e nearest de+ree- 3rot1ers and sisters a3o&e 2.)
Frot1ers and sisters or des'endants Boldest are 8re)erred- as'endants B 8aternal is 8re)erred.
- In (ee8in+ 2it1 t1e so'ial 8osition o) t1e de'eased- and in a''ordan'e to t1e e:8ressed 2is1es o) t1e de'eased- in t1e a3sen'e
reli+io*s 3elie)s- in 'ase o) do*3t s1all 3e de'ided *8on 3y t1e 8erson ma(in+ t1e arran+ements a)ter 'ons*ltation 2it1 t1e )amily.
- "*man remains 'anJt 3e dis8osed or e:1*med 2it1o*t t1e 'onsent o) t1e 8ersons in arran+ement.
- A 8erson 21o allo2s disres8e't to t1e dead 2ill 3e lia3le to t1e )amily )or moral and material dama+es.
- Ma*sole*m or a tom3 is 8art o) )*neral e:8enses- 21i'1 s1all 3e '1ar+ea3le to t1e 8ro8erty re+ime i) t1e s8o*se is ma(in+ arran+ements.
0S OF S0R#AMS
Art. !%$: +egitimate and legitimated c!ildren s!all % Le+itimate- le+itimated '1ildren *se s*rname o)
principall# use t!e surname of t!e fat!er$ t1eir dad
Art. !%5: An adopted c!ild s!all bear t!e surname % Ado8ted '1ildren are 'onsidered t1e le+itimate
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of t!e adopter$ '1ild o) t1e ado8ter )or all intents and 8*r8oses
and t1*s is entitled to all t1e ri+1ts and
o3li+ations 8ro&ided 3y la2.
% Ado8ted '1ildren 3ear t1e name o) t1eir ado8ter.
Art. !%%: A natural c!ild ac0noledged b# bot! Art. .7E$ ille+itimate '1ildren s1all *se t1e s*rname o) t1e
parents s!all principall# use t!e surname of t!e mot1er and s1all 3e *nder t1eir 8arental 'ontrol.
fat!er$ If recogni.ed b# onl# one of t!e parents& a % Art. .7E 1o2e&er does not a88ly i) t1e )at1er o)
natural c!ild s!all emplo# t!e surname of t!e t1e ille+itimate '1ild is 'ertain as 21en t1e said
recogni.ing parent$ )at1er 'ate+ori'ally admits t1at t1e ille+itimate
Art. !%(: )atural c!ildren b# legal fiction s!all 'ommon '1ild is 1is and at t1e same time s*'1
principall# emplo# t!e surname of t!e fat!er$ )at1er li&es 2it1 t1e ille+itimate '1ild and t1e
mot1er.
Art. !%): Illegitimate c!ildren referred to in Article % Ille+itimate '1ildren s1all 8rin'i8ally *se t1e Exception: )at1er is 'ertain or
,65 s!all bear t!e surname of t!e mot!er$ name o) t1e mot1er re'o+ni<es ille+itimate '1ild and
t1e )at1er li&es 2it1 t1e ille+itimate
'1ild and mot1er. !1en 'an *se
)at1ers s*rname
Art. !%+: -!ildren concei%ed before t!e decree % C1ildren conceived 3e)ore t1e de'ree ann*llin+
annulling a %oidable marriage s!all principall# use a &oida3le marria+e s1all *se s*rname o) )at1er.
t!e surname of t!e fat!er$ % De'ree o) ann*lment is )inal ./ days a)ter it is
made t1*s e&en i) t1e '1ild 2as 3orn d*rin+ t1at
./ day 8eriod t1e '1ild 2ill still 3e le+itimate.
Art. !(,: A married oman ma# use: Married 2oman may *se$
*$ >er maiden first name and surname and add !er .. "er o2n name
!usbandAs surname& or 2. maiden )irst name- s*rname and 1*s3ands
,$ >er maiden first name and !er !usbandAs s*rname
surname or ,. maiden name and 1er 1*s3ands s*rname
/$ >er !usbandAs full name& but prefi(ing a ord C. 1*s3ands )*ll name 8l*s >Mrs.?
indicating t!at s!e is !is ife& suc! as DMrs$D @ O8tion is +i&e to t1e 2oman.
Art. !(1: In case of annulment of marriage& and In case of annulment:
t!e ife is t!e guilt# part#& s!e s!all resume !er
.. 2i)e is +*ilty$ s1all res*me 1er maiden name maiden name and surname$ If s!e is t!e innocent
spouse& s!e ma# resume !er maiden name and 2. inno'ent$ res*me 1er maiden name or 'ontin*e
surname$ >oe%er& s!e ma# c!oose to continue *sin+ 1er 1*s3ands name unless t1e 'o*rt
emplo#ing !er former !usbandAs surname& unless:
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*$ T!e court decrees ot!erise& or de'rees ot1er2ise or i) eit1er o) t1em remarries.
,$ S!e or t!e former !usband is married again to In case of le#al separation: 2i)e !ill 'ontin*e to *se t1e
anot!er person$ name s1e *sed 8rior to se8aration
Bido!: may 'ontin*e to *se de'eased 1*s3andJs
Art. !(2: <!en legal separation !as been granted& s*rname
t!e ife s!all continue using !er name and
surname emplo#ed before t!e legal separation$
Art. !(!: A ido ma# use t!e deceased
!usbandAs surname as t!oug! !e ere still li%ing&
in accordance it! Article /59$
Art. !($: In case of identit# of names and I) t1ere are similar names- t1e yo*n+er 2ill 3e %randsons and direct male
surnames& t!e #ounger person s!all be obliged to o3li+ed to *se additional names descendants !ill use:
use suc! additional name or surname as ill a%oid I) 3et2een as'endants and des'endants t1e .. add middle name or
confusion$
2ord >G*nior? 'an only 3e *sed 3y a son.
mot1ers s*rname
add roman n*merals
Art. !(5: In case of identit# of names and
surnames beteen ascendants and descendants&
t!e ord DFuniorD can be used onl# b# a son$
Grandsons and ot!er direct male descendants
s!all eit!er:
*$ Add a middle name or t!e mot!erAs surname& or
,$ Add t!e Roman )umerals II& III& and so on$
Art. !(%: )o person can c!ange !is name or #o '1an+e in name or s*rname 2it1o*t G*di'ial Exception: i) it is )or merely
surname it!out "udicial aut!orit#$ a*t1ority '1an+in+ 'leri'al or ty8o+ra81i'al
&easons for chan#e in surname: error no need )or G*di'ial a*t1ority
.. ridi'*lo*s name (m*st not in&ol&e a '1an+e in
2. '1an+e o) 'i&il stat*s nationality- a+e- stat*s- or se:)
,. to a&oid 'on)*sion Chan#e in nicFname:
@la2s do not 8ermit a le+itimate '1ild o) anot1er to ado8t .. ridi'*lo*s- tainted 2it1
t1e s*rname o) anot1er 8erson e&en i) t1at 8erson is dis1onor- di))i'*lt to
e:er'isin+ 8arental a*t1ority. F*t i) it is an ille+itimate 8rono*n'e
'1ild- '1an+e o) s*rname is 8ermitted 2. 1a3it*ally *sed and (no2n
% '1an+e o) name does not alter )amily relations- 3y ot1er 8eo8le as t1at
ri+1ts or d*ties- le+al 'a8a'ity- 'i&il stat*s or ,. '1an+e 2ill a&oid
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Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
'iti<ens1i8. 'on)*sion.
Art. !((: Usurpation of a name and surname ma# !1e *s*r8ation or *se o) a name and s*rname A*s*r8ation means some inG*ry to
be t!e sub"ect of an action for damages and ot!er 2it1o*t a*t1ority 'o*ld res*lt in a 'laim )or t1e interests o) t1e 8erson
relief$ dama+es (8ossi3ility o) 'on)*sion o) identity
Art. !(): T!e unaut!ori.ed or unlaful use of 0na*t1ori<ed or *nla2)*l *se o) anot1erJs name et')
anot!er personAs surname gi%es a rig!t of action to also +i&es ri+1t )or an a'tion to t1e latter.
t!e latter$
Art. !(+: T!e emplo#ment of pen names or stage Pen names and sta+e names 8ermitted as lon+ Asta+e names 'annot 3e *s*r8ed
names is permitted& pro%ided it is done in good as done in +ood )ait1 and no one +ets inG*red. as t1e 8eo8le 1a&e &ested ri+1ts in
fait! and t!ere is no in"ur# to t!ird persons$ ;en t1em as 2ell.
names and stage names cannot be usurped$
Art. !),: E(cept as pro%ided in t!e preceding
article& no person s!all use different names and
surnames$
Absence:
% at t1e instan'e o) an interested 8arty t1e G*d+e may a88oint a 8erson to re8resent 1im
% G*d+e s1all ta(e ne'essary meas*res to sa)e+*ard ri+1ts and interests o) a3sentee (s8e'i)y 8o2ers- re+*lations et'.) Bs8o*se is 8re)erred i)
no le+al se8aration.
Declaration of absence % 2 yrs i) no ne2s a3o*t t1e a3sentee
% : yrs i) a3sentee le)t someone in '1ar+e
Bho may seeF % s8o*se 8resent @G*di'ial de'laration s1all not ta(e e))e't *ntil >
declaration of absence % 1eirs instit*ted in a 2ill months a)ter its 8*3li'ation.
% relati&es 21o may s*''eed 3y t1e la2 o) intesta'y
(le+itimate- ille+itimate relati&es- 'ollateral relati&es)
% t1ose 21o 1a&e ri+1t to t1e 8ro8erty s*3ordinated to t1e
'ondition o) 1is deat1
Some of its effects % 'a*se )or in&ol*ntary G*di'ial se8aration @s8o*se 'anJt alienateIen'*m3er 8ro8erty
% 3asis )or termination o) 8ro8erty re+ime 2it1o*t G*di'ial a*t1ority.
% trans)er o) e:'l*si&e 8ro8erties to t1e 8resent s8o*se
% termination o) 8arental a*t1ority
'ermination of % 21en a3sentee a88ears o) 1is a+ent
administration % deat1 o) t1e a3sentee is 8ro&ed and 1is 1eirs a88ear
D. So3re8e9a 6/
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
% ,
rd
8erson a88ears 2it1 a ri+1t o&er t1e 8ro8erty
Presumption of death % 6 years )or intents and 8*r8oses e:'e8t s*''ession @i) t1e a3sentee a88ears or 1is e:isten'e is
throu#h absence % 3D yrs )or 8*r8oses o) o8enin+ s*''ession 8ro&en 1e s1all re'o&er all 1is 8ro8erty in t1e
% i) disa88eared a)ter t1e a+e o) 7/- / years eno*+1
'ondition t1ey are in 3*t 'annot 'laim t1e )r*its
or rents.
Presumption of death in % on 3oard a lost vessel d*rin+ sea &oya+e- air8lane t1at is
@i) t1e a3sentee is t1e 1eir- 1is s1are s1all
dan#erous situations missin+ and 1as not 3een 1eard o) in < years sin'e loss. (i)
a''r*e to 1is 'o%1eirs- *nless 1i 1as 1eirs or a
t1ere is a 2re'(a+e and 8erson is missin+- not C years)
%
re8resentati&e. (ri+1t o) re8resentation). If
Person in t1e armed )or'es en#a#ed in !ar and is missin+ absentee reappears 1e 1as 'laim to +et 21at
)or C years 2as s*88osed to 3e 1is )rom t1ose t1at +ot it
% Person in dan+er o) deat1 and e:isten'e 1as not 3een 2it1in t1e 8res'ri8ti&e 8eriod.
(no2n )or C years.
D. So3re8e9a 6E
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
ADDI'IO,A ,O'ES A,D &E4IEB AIDS:
Adoption: Rig!t to create relations!ip of parent and c!ild beteen persons !o are not related e(ists onl# b# %irtue of statute$
Domestic adoption
- Poli'y o) t1e state to ens*re t1at '1ild is 8ro&ided 2it1 lo&e- 'are and remains 2it1 8arents and only 21en t1e '1ild 'anJt 3e 8la'ed
2it1 e:tended )amily s1all ado8tion 3y *nrelated 8erson 3e 'onsidered.
In a''ordan'e 2it1 tenets o)$
.. 0# Con&ention on Ri+1ts o) a C1ild
2. 0# De'laration o) So'ial and Le+al Prin'i8les Relatin+ to t1e Prote'tion and Ael)are o) C1ildren
,. "a+*e Con&ention on t1e Prote'tion o) C1ildren and Coo8eration in Res8e't o) Inter%'o*ntry Ado8tion.
State Poli'y$
.. Sa)e+*ard 3iolo+i'al 8arents )rom ma(in+ 1*rried de'isions. (Co*nselin+- no 'ommitment to a 8otential ado8ter 3e)ore 3irt1- et'.)
2. Pre&ent '1ild )rom *nne'essary se8aration )rom 8arents
,. Prote't ado8ti&e 8arents )rom dist*r3an'e o) t1eir 8arental a*t1ority o&er ado8ted.
C. Promote sensiti&e en&ironment )or ado8tion t1ro*+1 'am8ai+ns and 8*3li' in)ormation
/. ;o&ernment 1as s*))i'ient 'a8a'ity to 8ro&ide )or ado8tion 8ro8erly.
E. n'o*ra+e domesti' ado8tion and ma(e inter%'o*ntry ado8tion a last resort.
% Fein+ a stat*tory 'reation- all re4*irements m*st 3e met 2it1 i) not- no ri+1ts may )lo2 )rom t1is.
Pre%Ado8tion Ser&i'es$ Co*nselin+ )or nat*ral 8arents- ado8ter- and ado8tee.
li+i3ility$
.. Fili8ino 'iti<en o) le+al a+e 2it1 )*ll 'i&il 'a8a'ity and le+al ri+1ts.
a. #ot 'on&i'ted o) a 'rime in&ol&in+ moral t*r8it*de
3. motionallyIPsy'1olo+i'ally 'a8a3le o) 'arin+ )or '1ildren
'. At least .E years older t1en t1e ado8tee (*nless ado8ter is t1e 3iolo+i'al 8arent or s8o*se o) t1e 3iolo+i'al 8arent)
d. In a 8osition to s*88ort and 'are )or
2. Aliens 2it1 same 4*ali)i'ations 8l*s
a. Co*ntry 1as di8lomati' relations 2it1 P1ili88ines
3. Li&in+ in t1e P1ili88ines )or at least , 'ontin*o*s years
i. Residen'y re4*irement is 2ai&ed i) t1e ado8ter 2as$
.. Former Fili8ino 'iti<en 21o see(s to ado8t a relati&e 2it1 in t1e C
t1
de+ree o) 'onsan+*inity or a))inity
2. See(s to ado8t le+itimate '1ild o) Fili8ino s8o*se
,. One 21o is married to a Fili8ino and see(s to ado8t Gointly 2it1 1er a relati&e 2it1in t1e C
t1
de+ree o)
'onsan+*inity or a))inity o) Fili8ino s8o*se.
'. Forei+n 'o*ntry 2ill allo2 t1e ado8tee to enter s*'1 'o*ntry
d. Certi)ied to 3e le+ally 'a8a'itated to ado8t
D. So3re8e9a 67
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
,. ;*ardian 2it1 res8e't to 2ard (a)ter 'learan'e o) )inan'es
"*s3and and 2i)e s1all Gointly ado8t e:'e8t$
.. One s8o*se see(s to ado8t le+itimate '1ild o) ot1er
2. One s8o*se ado8ts 1isI1er o2n ille+itimate '1ild 8ro&ided ot1er s8o*se si+ni)ies 'onsent to t1is
,. S8o*ses are le+ally se8arated
A1o may 3e ado8ted$
.. Felo2 .6- G*di'iallyIadministrati&ely de'lared a&aila3le )or ado8tion
2. Le+itimate '1ild o) one s8o*se 3y t1e ot1er
,. Ille+itimate '1ild 3y 4*ali)ied ado8ter to im8ro&e stat*s
C. A 8erson o) le+al a+e o) 21en yo*n+er 2as treated as ado8terJs '1ild sin'e minority
/. A '1ilde 21ose ado8tion 1as 3een 8re&io*sly res'inded
E. C1ild 21ere 8arents 1a&e died (no 8ro'eedin+ *ntil a)ter E mont1s )rom time o)
deat1) Consent needed$ !o ma(e s*re e&eryone (no2s and a''e8ts t1e ado8tion
.. !1e ado8tee i) .0 years and o&er
2. A1o e&er 1as le+al '*stody o) t1e '1ild (8arent- +*ardian- +o&Jt.)
,. Le+itimate and ado8ted '1ildren o) ado8tee (.0 years and a3o&e)
C. Ille+itimate '1ildren i) li&in+ 2it1 ado8ter (.0 years or o&er)
/. S8o*se o) ado8ter
- #o 'onsent 'an 3e +i&en 8rior to 3irt1 o) '1ild. E%mont1 8eriod to re&o(e 'onsent 3y 8arent a)ter de'ision 1as 3een made. A)ter t1at 'onsent
is 3indin+.
Pro'ed*re$
.. Co*rt needs 8roo) t1at t1ere 2asnJt a 1*rried de'ision.
2. So'ial 2or(er s1o*ld ma(e 'ase st*dy o) ado8ter and ado8tee 8rior to any 1earin+ )or ado8tion
,. Fe)ore ado8tion de'ree 3e'omes )inal t1ere is E mont1 '*stody 8eriod
- Only a dire't atta'( in 'ases o) ado8tion- 'anJt 3e 'ollaterally atta'(ed
- De'ree 3e'omes e))e'ti&e as o) t1e date 8etition 2as )iled
Retroa'ts e:'e8t 21en it 'omes to &i'ario*s lia3ility
- "earin+ in ado8tion 'ases 2ill 3e 'onsidered 'on)idential and not o8en to
8*3li'. ))e'ts o) Ado8tion$
.. Parental a*t1ority B all le+al ties 3et2een 3iolo+i'al 8arent and ado8tee se&ered (*nless 3iolo+i'al is t1e one ado8tin+)
2. Le+itima'y B )or all intents and 8*r8oses ado8tee is 'onsidered le+itimate '1ild
a. Relations1i8 esta3lis1ed is only 3et2een 8arent and '1ild- does not e:tend to ot1er relati&es *nless e:8ressly 8ro&ided 3y la2
,. S*''ession % ado8ter and ado8tee 3e'ome le+itimateI le+al 1eirs o) one anot1er (entitled to le+itime)- 3iolo+i'al 8arents 2onJt +et
anyt1in+. % #o ri+1t o) re8resentation (Meanin+ i) ado8ter dies- ado8tee 'anJt +et )rom 8arents o) ado8ter)
% Does not in1erit )orm t1e ot1er relati&es- et'.
% "o2e&er i) somet1in+ is le)t 3y 2ill t1e ado8teeI3iolo+i'al 8arent 'an in1erit ()rom t1e )ree 8ortion)
Res'ission o) ado8tion$ 3y ado8tee or +*ardian$
D. So3re8e9a 66
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
.. Re8eated 81ysi'al or &er3al maltreatment
2. Attem8t on t1e li)e o) t1e ado8tee
,. Se:*al assa*lt or &iolen'e
C. A3andonment and )ail*re to 'om8ly 2it1 8arental o3li+ations %
Ado8ter 'annot res'ind ado8tion ('an only disin1erit)
% I) ado8tion is res'inded t1en 8arental a*t1ority o) 3iolo+i'al 8arents or De8artment o) So'ial Ael)are 2ill 3e restored i) ado8tee is still a
minor. F*t ado8ter and ado8tee relations1i8 e:tin+*is1ed.
Inter-country Adoption:
- So'io%le+al 8ro'ess o) ado8tin+ a Fili8ino C1ild 3y a )orei+n national or Fili8ino Citi<en residin+ a3road 21ere 8etition )or ado8tion is
)iled Inter%'o*ntry ado8tion 3oard$ a't as 'entral a*t1ority )or all matters relatin+ to inter%'o*ntry ado8tion
- Foard s1all ens*re t1at ado8tion in )amily 'ode 1as 3een e:1a*sted and inter%'o*ntry ado8tion is in t1e 3est interest o) t1e '1ild.
- !1e 3oard *8on re'ommendation o) t1e 8la'ement 'ommittee s1all only a88ro&e mat'1in+ o) a '1ild to a )orei+n ado8ti&e
)amily. F*n'tions o) Foard$
.. R*les and re+*lations
2. ;*idelines )or t1e 'on&enin+ o) inter%'o*ntry ado8tion 8la'ement 'ommittee
,. ;*idelines )or Mat'1in+IColle'tion
C. Fees and C1ar+es to 3e e:e'*ted
/. Form and Contents o) a88li'ation
E. Form*late 8oli'ies et' to 8rote't '1ildren
7. Pre&ent im8ro8er )inan'ial +ain
6. Promote de&elo8ment o) ado8tion ser&i'e
9. A''reditIa*t1ori<e )orei+n ado8tion a+en'y
.0. ns*re 'on)identiality o) re'ords
... Pre8areIModi)y a+reements
.2. Assist ot1er a+en'ies
.,. Ot1ers
A1o may 3e ado8ted$ Only a le+ally )ree '1ild (&ol*ntarily or in&ol*ntarily 'ommitted)
A1o may ado8t$ Any alien or Fili8ino 'iti<en residin+ a3road 8ro&ided$
.. At least 27 years old and .E years older t1en t1e ado8ted *nless ado8ter is 3iolo+i'al 8arent. I) married- t1ey m*st Gointly )ile ado8tion.
2. "as 'a8a'ity to a't and ass*me ri+1ts and res8onsi3ilities o) a 8arent *nder 1is national la2s. Also 1as *nder+one 'o*nselin+ )orm
an a''redited 'o*nselor in 1isI1er 'o*ntry
,. #ot 3een 'on&i'ted o) a 'rime in&ol&in+ moral t*r8it*de
C. li+i3le to ado8t *nder 1is nationality la2s
/. A3le to +i&e 8ro8er 'are and s*88ort
E. A+rees to *81old 3asi' ri+1ts o) '1ild
7. Comes )rom a 'o*ntry t1at t1e P1ili88ines 1as di8lomati' ties 2it1. (P1ili88ine maintains a*t1ori<ed and a''redited a+en'y- ado8tion is
D. So3re8e9a 69
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
allo2ed *nder 1is or 1er la2s)
- !o 3e )iled 2it1 t1e R!C or t1e 3oard t1ro*+1 an a+en'y.
Mat'1in+$ 5*di'io*s 8airin+ o) t1e a88li'ant and t1e '1ild to 8romote a mentally satis)yin+ 8arent%'1ild relations1i8.
- #o mat'1in+ arran+ement 3et2een a88li'ant and 8arents 3e)ore t1e 'ommitteeJs 8ro8osal *nless it is relati&e or it is )or t1e '1ildJs
3est interest.
- A88li'ant m*st )et'1 '1ild 2it1in ,0 days a)ter noti'e o) iss*an'e o) &isa.
!rial '*stody$ E mont1s 2it1 s*3mission o) 8ro+ress re8orts 3e)ore ado8tion de'ree 3e'omes )inal.
- I) 8re%ado8ti&e relations1i8 is *nsatis)a'tory- it 2ill 3e terminated and Foard may '1oose )rom roster o) a88li'ants a 4*ali)ied )amily- a3sen'e
t1e )orei+n a+en'y may 8ro8ose.
:e'*ti&e A+reement$ DFA *8on re8resentation o) t1e Foard s1all 'a*se t1e 8re8aration o) :e'*ti&e A+reements 2it1 'o*ntries o) t1e
)orei+n ado8tion a+en'ies.
Ille+al Ado8tion (8res*med)$
.. Consent )or ado8tion a'4*ired t1ro*+1 or attended 3y )or'e- 'oer'ion- et'.
2. #o a*t1ority )rom 3oard
,. Pro'ed*res and sa)e+*ards not 'om8lied 2it1
C. C1ild e:8osed to dan+er- a3*se and e:8loitation
- Attem8t to 'ommit o))ense 8*nis1a3le
- A'ts 8*nis1a3le a3o&e 'onsidered '1ild tra))i'(in+
'A (%1,: 3pecial Protection of Children Against Child Ause/ 7#ploitation and 5iscrimination Act.
- State s1all inter&ene 21en 8erson 21o is s*88osed to 8rote't a '1ild 'annot or i) t1ose a'ts are 3ein+ 'ommitted 3y t1e 8arent a+ainst t1e
'1ild.
C1ildren .6 years or 3elo2 or t1ose a3o&e .6 3*t are *na3le to 8rote't t1emsel&es )rom e:8loitationIdis'rimination d*e to 81ysi'al or
mental disa3ility.
C1ild A3*se$ 1a3it*al or non%1a3it*al maltreatment
.. Psy'1olo+i'al or 81ysi'al a3*se (ne+le't- 'r*elty emotional maltreatment- se:*al a3*se)
2. A'ts 3y deeds or 2ords- 21i'1 de+rades or demeans intrinsi' 2ort1 or 1*man di+nity o) '1ild.
,. 0nreasona3le de8ri&ation o) 3asi' needs
C. Fail*re to +i&e immediate medi'al treatment 21en needed.
Cir'*mstan'es- 21i'1 +ra&ely t1reaten or endan+er s*r&i&al and normal de&elo8ment$
.. Li&in+ in an area a))e'ted 3y armed 'on)li't
2. Aor(in+ *nder 'onditions 1a<ardo*s to li)e- sa)ety- morals
,. Li&in+ or )endin+ )or t1emsel&es 2it1o*t t1e 'are o) anyone
C. Li&in+ in an area la'(in+ 3asi' ser&i'es (indi+eno*s '*lt*ral 'omm*nity- e:treme 8o&erty- *nderde&elo8ed area)
/. Vi'tim o) 'alamity
E. Analo+o*s sit*ations.
C1ild 8rostit*tion and ot1er se:*al a'tsIa3*se$ For any 'onsideration or t1ro*+1 'oer'ion or in)l*en'e ind*l+e in se:*al a'ts.
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Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Attem8t to 'ommit$ Any 8erson 21o is in a se'l*ded area 2it1 a '1ild and s*'1 8erson is not a
relati&e. C1ild tra))i'(in+$ tradin+- dealin+- 3*yin+- and sellin+ o) '1ildren
Attem8t to 'ommit$ C1ild tra&els alone to )orei+n 'o*ntry 2it1o*t reason or 'learan'e )orm DSAS- 8re+nant 2omen 'onsents to ado8tion )or
a 'onsideration- esta3lis1ment 21i'1 re'r*its 2omen to 3ear '1ildren. Person en+a+ed in )indin+ '1ildren )rom lo2%in'ome )amilies.
O3s'ene 8*3li'ations and inde'ent s1o2s$ 8er)orm o3s'ene e:1i3itions in s1o2s- &ideo or model and sellsIdistri3*tes t1is.
Ot1er a'ts o) a3*se$ *se 'oer'ion- )or'e or intimidation to ma(e a '1ild 3e+- tra))i' dr*+s- or 'ond*'t ot1er ille+al a'ti&ities
% sta3lis1ments 21ere t1ese a'ts are done 2ill 3e 'losed and t1eir li'ense to o8erate 2ill 3e 'an'eled.
Aor(in+ C1ildren$ 3elo2 ./ years o) a+e 'an 2or( 8ro&ided$
.. Aor( 8ermit )rom DOL
2. m8loyer s1all ens*re 8rote'tion- 1ealt1- sa)ety- morals
,. Pre&ent e:8loitation or dis'rimination
C. Contin*o*s trainin+ o) '1ild
- Cant em8loy '1ild in 'ommer'ials )or al'o1ol- to3a''o-
&iolen'e C1ildren o) Indi+eno*s C*lt*ral Comm*nities$
- Instit*te an alternati&e ed*'ation )or '1ildren 21i'1 is '*lt*re s8e'i)i' and rele&ant to t1eir needs
- Deli&ery o) 3asi' so'ial ser&i'es.
Sit*ations o) Armed Con)li't$
- Poli'y o) state to resol&e s*'1 )or 3est interest o) '1ildren
.. S1all not 3e o3Ge't o) atta'(K entitled to s8e'ial res8e't
2. #ot re'r*ited in army
,. Deli&ery o) 3asi' so'ial ser&i'es
C. P*3li' in)rastr*'t*res (s'1ools- 1os8itals) not to 3e *sed
/. Fa'ilitate re*nion o) )amilies
C1ildren arrested )or reasons o) armed 'on)li't$
.. Se8arate detention 'ells )rom ad*lts *nless t1ey are )amily.
2. Immediate )ree le+al assistan'e
,. Immediate noti'e to 8arents
C. Release 2it1in 2C 1o*rs to DSAD or ot1er
A1o may )ile$ o))ended 8arentsI +*ardians- as'endants- relati&e 2it1in t1e ,
rd
de+ree o) 'onsan+*inity so'ial 2or(er o) DSAS or
ot1er- Faran+ay '1airman- , 'iti<ens o) t1e 8la'e 21ere it o''*rred.
Article 8>: Donor may revoFe /. Marria+e is not 'ele3rated or is &oid a3 initio Exception$ I) t1e donation is in t1e
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Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
donation by reason of marria#e in (in'l*din+ art. /2%/,) marria+e settlement it 2ill 3e re&o(ed 3y
the follo!in# cases Prescription: o8eration o) la2.
% marria+e is &oid$ / years )rom 5*di'ial De'laration o) Exception: I) t1e marria+e is &oid d*e to
#*llity (i) doesnJt 2ant to +i&e it 3a'(- 8res'ri3e a)ter Arti'le C0- or Arti'le CC- t1en a*tomati'ally
6 years )or mo&a3le- ,0 years )or immo&a3le) re&o(ed
% marria+e not 'ele3rated$ / years )rom 21en it 2as
not 'ele3rated
E. Marria+e ta(es 8la'e 2it1o*t 'onsent o) 8arents
Prescription:
% / years )rom t1e time 1e 1ad (no2led+e t1at 'onsent 2as
not o3tained- a)ter t1e marria+e.
7. 08on le+al se8aration 21en donee is t1e +*ilty Exception: i) t1e +ro*nd )or le+al
s8o*se se8aration is in)idelity in t1e )orm o)
Prescription: ad*ltery or 'on'*3ina+e it 2ill 3e
- / years )rom )inality o) de'ree. a*tomati'ally &oid.
6. A1en t1ere is a resol*tory 'a*se and t1e 'ondition Exception: 3et2een 1*s3and and 2i)e
1as 3een 'om8lied 2it1 8res'ri8tion does not r*n.
Prescription:
/ years )rom t1e 1a88enin+ o) t1e resol*tory 'ondition.
E. A'ts o) in+ratit*de$
% donee 'ommits an o))ense a+ainst t1e 8erson or 8ro8erty
o) t1e donor- 1is 2i)e- or '1ildren
% donee im8*tes to t1e donor any 'riminal o))ense in&ol&in+
moral t*r8it*de *nless it a+ainst t1e donee
% donee *nd*ly re)*ses to s*88ort donor 21en 1e is le+ally
or morally 3o*nd to +i&e s*88ort.
Prescription:
% . year )rom t1e time t1e donor 1ad (no2led+e o) t1e )a't o)
in+ratit*de
Article 86 %1*s3and and 2i)e 'anJt donate to ea'1 ot1er Exception: 'an +i&e moderate +i)ts.
%also t1ose 21o 'o1a3itate 2it1 ea'1 ot1er
&evoFed by operation of la!$
.. Article <9: Donations made in s*3se4*ent marria+es 2it1o*t G*di'ial de'laration o) n*llity or in 'ase o) rea88earan'e i) t1e donee a'ted
2it1 3ad )ait1.
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Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
2. Article <<: A1en 3ot1 s8o*ses a'ted 2it1 3ad )ait1 t1en all donations and testamentary dis8ositions s1all 3e re&o(ed.
,. Article ><: (Le+al se8aration) t1e o))endin+ s8o*se 2ill 3e dis4*ali)ied )rom in1eritin+ )rom inno'ent s8o*se in intestate
s*''ession- 8ro&isions in )a&or o) t1e o))endin+ s8o*se in t1e 2ill o) t1e inno'ent s8o*se s1all 3e re&o(ed 3y o8eration o) la2.
C. Article 83: Donations and ot1er sti8*lations made in t1e marria+e settlement 3y reason o) marria+e s1all 3e re&o(ed 3y o8eration o) la2
is marria+e is not 'ele3rated
/. Article 86: Donations 3et2een 1*s3and and 2i)e (dire't or indire't)- or t1ose 21o 'o1a3it S
&oid a. &en i) made 3y 3ot1 s8o*ses )or a 8*r8ose ot1er t1an &o'ational or 8ro)essional.
E. Donations +i&en to one 3y anot1er 21en t1ey 1a&e 'ommitted ad*ltery or 'on'*3ina+e is &oid and re&o(ed 3y o8eration o) la2.
C(ID&E,:
&i#hts under title 32 of civil code
.. entitled to 8arental 'are
2. re'ei&e at least elementary ed*'ation
,. moral and 'i&i' trainin+
C. li&e in an atmos81ere 'ond*'i&e to 1is 81ysi'al- moral and intelle't*al
de&elo8ment duties of the child
.. o3ey and 1onor 1is 8arents or +*ardian
2. res8e't 1is +rand8arents- old relati&es and t1ose 2it1 s*3stit*te 8arental a*t1ority.
,. :ert 1is *tmost )or 1is ed*'ation and trainin+.
C. Coo8erate 2it1 t1e )amily
Le+itimate Ille+itimate
!1ose 'on'ei&ed in t1e ./%day 8eriod 8rior to t1e )inality o) t1e C1ildren 3orn in a &alid marria+e 3*t is im8*+ned 3y t1e
de'ree o) ann*lment. )at1er
Con'ei&ed or 3orn 3e)ore a &oida3le marria+e is terminated C1ildren 'on'ei&ed or 3orn in a &oid marria+e
C1ildren 'on'ei&ed or 3orn in a &oid marria+e 8*rs*ant to arti'le C0- Cannot 3e le+itimated$ 21en )rom an ad*ltero*s
/2- and /, relations1i8 or 3i+amo*s marria+e.
C1ildren 'on'ei&ed or 3orn in a &oid marria+e 3e'a*se o)
8sy'1olo+i'al in'a8a'ity
@3*t i) '1ild 2as 'on'ei&ed and 3orn 8rior to t1e marria+e- marria+e
does not ma(e '1ild le+itimate
C1ildren 'on'ei&ed and 3orn 8rior to t1e marria+e i) t1ere are no
le+al im8ediments at t1at time t1en t1e s*3se4*ent marria+e 2ill
ma(e t1em le+itimate.
D. So3re8e9a 9,
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Exception to !hen parents cannot administer property:
.. '1ildren and des'endants o) 1e 8erson disin1erited s1all ta(e 1is 8la'e and s1all 8reser&e ri+1ts o) 'om8*lsory 1eirs 2it1 res8e't to le+itime.
i. Arti'le. 9.9$ )ollo2in+ s1all 3e s*))i'ient 'a*ses )or disin1eritan'e o) '1ildren- des'endants
.. C1ild or des'endant 1as 3een )o*nd +*ilty o) an attem8t a+ainst t1e li)e o) t1e testator 1is or 1er
s8o*se- des'endants or as'endants.
2. A1en t1e '1ild- des'endant 1as a''*sed t1e testator o) a 'rime- 21i'1 t1e la2 8res'ri3es im8risonment )or E
years or more- i) it is )o*nd to 3e +ro*ndless.
,. A1en a '1ild or d 1as 3een 'on&i'ted 2it1 ad*ltery or 'on'*3ina+e 2it1 t1e s8o*se o) t1e testator.
C. A1en a '1ild or d 3y )ra*d- &iolen'e- intimidation- or *nd*e in)l*en'e 'a*ses t1e testator to ma(e a 2ill or
'1an+e one 1e 1as already made.
/. A re)*sal 2it1o*t G*sti)ia3le 'a*se to s*88ort t1e 8arent or as'endant 21o disin1erits s*'1 '1ild or des'endant
E. Maltreatment o) t1e testator 3y 2ord or deed 3y t1e '1ild or d
7. C1ild or des'endant leads a dis1onora3le or dis+ra'e)*l li)e
6. Con&i'tion o) a 'rime 2it1 'i&il interdi'tion
ii. Arti'le 920$ )ollo2in+ s1all 3e s*))i'ient 'a*ses )or disin1eritan'e o) 8arents or as'endants- 21et1er le+itimate or ille+itimate
.. A1en 8arents 1a&e a3andoned t1eir '1ildren- ind*'ed t1eir da*+1ters to li&e 'orr*8t or immoral li)e- or
attem8ted a+ainst t1eir &irt*e
2. Parent or as'endant 1as 3een 'on&i'ted o) an attem8t a+ainst t1e li)e o) t1e testator 1is or 1er
s8o*se- des'endants or as'endants.
,. A''*sed testator o) a 'rimeT
C. Parent or as'endant 'on&i'ted o) 'on'*3ina+e 2it1 s8o*se o) testator
/. Parent or as'endant 3y )ra*d- &iolen'e- *nd*e in)l*en'e 'a*ses ne2 2ill or '1an+e 2ill
E. Loss o) 8arental a*t1ority
7. Re)*sal to s*88ort '1ildren or des'endants 2it1o*t G*sti)ia3le 'a*se.
6. Attem8t o) one o) t1e 8arents a+ainst t1e li)e o) t1e ot1er- *nless t1ere 1as 3een re'on'iliation
iii. Arti'le 92.$ disin1eritin+ a s8o*se
.. S8o*se 'on&i'ted o) attem8t a+ainst..
2. S8o*se a''*sed testator o) 'rimeT
,. S8o*se 3y )ra*d- intimidationT
C. S8o*se 1as +i&en 'a*se )or le+al se8aration
/. A1en t1e s8o*se 1as +i&en +ro*nds )or loss o) 8arental a*t1ority.
E. 0nG*sti)ia3le re)*sal to s*88ort t1e '1ildren or ot1er s8o*se
2. A1en 8arent is in'a8a'itated to s*''eed one d*e to *n2ort1iness$
i. Art. .0,2$ *n2ort1iness
.. Parents a3andoned t1eir '1ildren- or ind*'ed t1eir da*+1ters to li&e a 'orr*8t or immoral li)e- attem8ted a+ainst
1er &irt*e
2. Con&i'ted o) an attem8t a+ainst t1e li)e o) t1e testator- 1is s8o*se- or des'endants or as'endants.
D. So3re8e9a 9C
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
,. A''*sed o) a 'rimeT
C. Any 1eir o) )*ll a+e 21o- 1a&in+ (no2led+e o) t1e &iolent deat1 o) t1e testator- s1o*ld )ail to re8ort it to an
o))i'er 2it1in a mont1 *nless a*t1orities 1a&e already ta(en a'tion. (not a88li'a3le 21erein la2 t1ere is no
o3li+ation to ma(e an a''*sation.
/. Person 'on&i'ted or ad*ltery or 'on'*3ina+e 2it1 t1e s8o*se o) t1e testator
E. Ca*se testator to ma(e or '1an+e 2ill
7. Fy same means- 8re&ents one )rom ma(in+ 2ill- re&o(in+ 2ill- or 'on'ealin+ 2ill
6. Falsi)ies or )or+es 2ill o) de'edent
3. In'a8a3le o) s*''eedin+
i. Art. .027$ t1e )ollo2in+ are in'a8a3le o) s*''eedin+
.. Priest et' 21o 1ear 'on)ession o) testator d*rin+ 1is last illness or minister 21o e:tended s8irit*al aid to 1im
2. Relati&es o) . 2it1in t1e )o*rt1 de+ree- t1e '1*r'1 or instit*tion to 21i'1 s*'1 minister may 3elon+
,. !1ose made to a +*ardian 3y 1is 2ard 3e)ore t1e )inal a''o*nts 1a&e 3een a88ro&ed *nless +*ardian is
as'endant- des'endant- 3rot1er or sister or s8o*se
C. Any attestin+ 2itness to t1e e:e'*tion o) a 2ill- t1e s8o*se- 8arents or '1ildren or an one 'laimin+ *nder
s*'1 2itness- s8o*se- 8arents or '1ildren.
/. P1ysi'ian- s*r+eon- n*rse- et' 21o too( 'are o) testator d*rin+ last illness
E. Indi&id*als- asso'iations- 'or8orations not 8ermitted 3y la2 to in1erit.
Pro1i3ited 'om8romise$ matters 21i'1 'annot 3e ne+otiated nor set 3y
a+reement$ Ci&il stat*s
Validity o) marria+e or o) a le+al
se8aration ;ro*nd )or le+al se8aration
F*t*re s*88ort
5*risdi'tion o) t1e
'o*rts F*t*re le+itimes
A3andonment$ 1e or s1e 1as le)t t1e 'onG*+al d2ellin+ 2it1o*t intention o) ret*rnin+. A s8o*se 21o 1as le)t t1e 'onG*+al d2ellin+ )or a 8eriod o) ,
mont1s or 1as )ailed 2it1in t1e same 8eriod to +i&e any in)ormation as to 1is or 1er 21erea3o*ts s1all 3e 8rima )a'ie 8res*med to 1a&e no
intention o) ret*rnin+ to t1e 'onG*+al d2ellin+. (81ysi'al- )inan'ial and moral desertion)
- s8o*se 'an see( )or re'ei&ers1i8- G*di'ial se8aration o) 8ro8erty- and sole administration
- a3andonment )or more t1an one year 'an lead to le+al se8aration
Deadlines:
D. So3re8e9a 9/
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Article Contents DeadlinesGprescriptions
Arti'le ,0 Marria+e 'erti)i'ate 2it1 a))ida&it )or marria+es in Ait1in ,0 days a)ter t1e 8er)orman'e o) t1e
articulo mortis or remote residen'e marria+e
Arti'le ,6 A'tion or de)ense )or a3sol*te n*llity (anyone 'an )ile) Does not 8res'ri3e
Arti'le C7 For one 21o o3tains a marria+e 2it1o*t 8rior 'onsent % Any time 3et2een .6%2. years old 3y 8arents
@I) rati)ied t1en 'an no lon+er a)ter 1e rea'1es t1e a+e o) 2. % / years a)ter rea'1in+ 2. 3y t1e 8arty.
3e ann*lled.
Arti'le C7 Fy t1e sane s8o*se 2it1o*t (no2led+e o) insanity- Anytime 3e)ore t1e deat1 o) eit1er 8arty.
relati&e- +*ardian- or 8erson 1a&in+ le+al '1ar+e
Arti'le C7 Fy t1e insane d*rin+ a l*'id inter&al Anytime 3e)ore t1e deat1 o) eit1er
Arti'le C7 Consent t1ro*+1 )ra*d / years a)ter 1a&in+ (no2led+e
Arti'le C7 Consent t1ro*+1 intimidation- )or'e- *nd*e in)l*en'e / years a)ter it 'eases
Arti'le C7 For S!D and 81ysi'al in'a8a'ity / years a)ter t1e marria+e
Arti'le /0%/. ntry o) G*d+ment and de'ree o) n*llity 3e'ome )inal ./ days )rom re'ei8t o) t1e 8arties o) t1e de'ision
Arti'le /7 Pres'ri8tion o) a'tion )or le+al se8aration /years )rom t1e occurrence of the cause5
Arti'le /6 Le+al se8aration trial (d*rin+ trial t1ey are entitled to A)ter t1e la8s o) E mont1s a)ter t1e )ilin+ o) t1e
li&e se8arately already) 8etition.
Arti'le E. A)ter )ilin+ o) 'om8laint res8ondent s1o*ld ans2er 3*t is ./ days a)ter re'ei8t o) s*mmons
not in de)a*lt i) not ans2ered
Arti'le E. A'tion )or le+al se8aration !erminates *8on deat1 o) eit1er s8o*se
Arti'le EC Re&o'ation 3y '1oi'e o) t1e inno'ent s8o*se o) / years a)ter t1e de'ree o) le+al se8aration
donations a)ter de'ree o) le+al se8aration 3e'omes )inal. (0nless t1e donation is a't*ally &oid
Art. 67)
Arti'le .62 Im8*+nin+ le+itima'y 3y t1ose 21o are 8reG*di'ed / years )rom t1e time t1eir 'a*se o) a'tion a''r*es
D. So3re8e9a 9E