EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide 1 Prof.
Liu, UC Berkeley
Lecture 11
OUTL!E
"e#ie$ of B%T &'(li)er*
Ca*code Sta+e
"eadi,+- C.a(ter /.1
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EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide 2 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
Review: BJT Amplifer
Design
& B%T a'(li)er circuit *.ould 1e de*i+,ed to
1. e,*ure t.at t.e B%T o(erate* i, t.e acti#e 'ode,
2. allo$ t.e de*ired le#el of 5C curre,t to Ao$, a,d
:. cou(le to a *'all2*i+,al i,(ut *ource a,d to a, out(ut
Bload?.
Pro(er B5C 1ia*i,+? i* reCuiredD
45C a,aly*i* u*i,+ lar+e2*i+,al B%T 'odel6
Eey a'(li)er (ara'eter*-
4&C a,aly*i* u*i,+ *'all2*i+,al B%T 'odel6
Voltage gain A
v
v
out
;v
i,
Input resistance R
in
re*i*ta,ce *ee, 1et$ee, t.e
i,(ut ,ode a,d +rou,d 4$it. out(ut ter'i,al Aoati,+6
Output resistance R
out
re*i*ta,ce *ee, 1et$ee, t.e
out(ut ,ode a,d +rou,d 4$it. i,(ut ter'i,al +rou,ded6
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide : Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
Large-ignal vs. mall-
ignal !o"els
T.e lar+e2*i+,al 'odel i* u*ed to
deter'i,e t.e 5C o(erati,+ (oi,t 4V
BE
, V
CE
,
I
B
, I
C
6 of t.e B%T.
T.e *'all2*i+,al 'odel i* u*ed to
deter'i,e .o$ t.e out(ut re*(o,d* to a,
i,(ut *i+,al.
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide = Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
T.e #olta+e acro** a, i,de(e,de,t #olta+e *ource doe*
,ot #ary $it. ti'e. 4t* *'all2*i+,al #olta+e i* al$ay* Fero.6
t i* re+arded a* a *.ort circuit for *'all2*i+,al
a,aly*i*.
T.e curre,t t.rou+. a, i,de(e,de,t curre,t *ource
doe* ,ot #ary $it. ti'e. 4t* *'all2*i+,al curre,t i* al$ay*
Fero.6
t i* re+arded a* a, o(e, circuit for *'all2*i+,al
a,aly*i*.
mall-ignal !o"els #or
In"epen"ent ources
Large-Signal
Model
Small-Signal
Model
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide 5 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
$omparison o# Amplifer
Topologies
$ommon %mitter
Large A
v
& '
2 5e+raded 1y R
E
2 5e+raded 1y R
B
;4G16
!o"erate R
in
2 ,crea*ed 1y R
B
2 ,crea*ed 1y R
E
4G16
R
out
R
$
r
o
"egra"es A
v
( R
out
1ut i'(eda,ce *ee,
looki,+ i,to t.e
collector
ca, 1e B1oo*ted? 1y
e'itter de+e,eratio,
$ommon Base
Large A
v
) '
25e+raded 1y R
E
a,d
R
S
2 5e+raded 1y R
B
;
4G16
mall R
in
2 ,crea*ed 1y R
B
;
4G16
2 5ecrea*ed 1y R
E
R
out
R
$
r
o
"egra"es A
v
(
R
out
1ut i'(eda,ce *ee,
looki,+ i,to t.e
collector
ca, 1e B1oo*ted? 1y
e'itter
de+e,eratio,
%mitter *ollower
' & A
v
+ 1
2 5e+raded 1y R
B
;
4G16
Large R
in
4due to R
E
4G166
mall R
out
2 EHect of *ource
i'(eda,ce i*
reduced 1y +1
2 5ecrea*ed 1y R
E
r
o
"ecreases
A
v
( R
in
( an"
R
out
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide 9 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
$ommon %mitter tage
C out
E B in
B
E
m
C
in
out
R R
R r R R
R
R
g
R
v
v
+ + +
+
+ +
) 1 (
1
1
A
V
[ ] ( ) ) || ( 1 ||
r R g r R R
E m O C out
+
<
A
V
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide 7 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
$ommon Base tage
E S
E
B
E S
m
C
in
out
R R
R
R
R R
g
R
v
v
+
+
+ +
1
1
E
B
m
in
R
R
g
R
,
_
+
+
1
1
A
V
C out
R R [ ] ( ) ) || ( 1 ||
r R g r R R
E m O C out
+
<
A
V
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide > Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
%mitter *ollower
A
V
<
A
V
1
1
+
+ +
S
m
E
E
in
out
R
g
R
R
v
v
E in
R r R ) 1 (
+ +
E
s
m
out
R
R
g
R ||
1
1
,
_
+
+
( ) ( )
O E
m
s
out
O E in
S
m
O E
O E
in
out
r R
g
R
R
r R r R
R
g
r R
r R
v
v
|| ||
1
1
|| 1
1
1
||
||
,
_
+
+
+ +
+
+ +
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide / Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
I"eal $urrent ource
&, ideal curre,t *ource .a* i,),ite out(ut i'(eda,ce.
How can we increase the output impedance of a BJT that
is used as a current source?
Equivalent Circuit Circuit Symbol I-V Characteristic
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide 10 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
"ecall t.at e'itter de+e,eratio, 1oo*t* t.e
i'(eda,ce *ee, looki,+ i,to t.e collector.
T.i* i'(ro#e* t.e +ai, of t.e CE or CB a'(li)er.
7o$e#er, .eadroo' i* reduced.
Boosting t,e Output
Impe"ance
( ) [ ]
r R r r R g R
E O E m out
|| || 1 + +
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide 11 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
$asco"e tage
, order to relaI t.e trade2oH 1et$ee, out(ut
i'(eda,ce a,d #olta+e .eadroo', $e ca, u*e
a tra,*i*tor i,*tead of a de+e,eratio, re*i*tor-
V
CE
for Q
2
ca, 1e a* lo$ a* J0.=K 4B*oft
*aturatio,?6
( )
1 2 1 1
1 2 1 1 2
||
|| )] || ( 1 [
r r r g R
r r r r r g R
O O m out
O O O m out
+ +
1 if
1 2 1 2
>>
C E C
I I I
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide 12 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
!a-imum $asco"e Output
Impe"ance
T.e 'aIi'u' out(ut i'(eda,ce of a
ca*code i* li'ited 1y r
1
.
1 1 1 1 max ,
1
O O m out
r r r g R
: If
1 2
r r
O
>>
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide 1: Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
./. $asco"e tage
( )
1 2 1 1
1 2 1 1 2 1
||
|| )] || ( 1 [
r r r g R
r r r r r g R
O O m out
O O O m out
+ +
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide 1= Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
*alse $asco"es
8.e, t.e e'itter of Q
1
i* co,,ected to t.e
e'itter of Q
2
, itL* ,ot a ca*code *i,ce Q
2
i*
a diode2co,,ected de#ice i,*tead of a
curre,t *ource.
1
2
1
2
1
1 2
2
1 1 2
2
1
2
1
1
|| ||
1
|| ||
1
1
O
m
O
m
m
out
O
m
O O
m
m out
r
g
r
g
g
R
r r
g
r r r
g
g R
+
,
_
+
+
1
]
1
,
_
+
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide 15 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
,ort-$ircuit
Transcon"uctance
T.e short-circuit transconductance of
a circuit i* a 'ea*ure of it* *tre,+t. i,
co,#erti,+ a, i,(ut #olta+e *i+,al i,to a,
out(ut curre,t *i+,al.
0
out
v
in
out
m
v
i
G
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide 19 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
Voltage 0ain o# a Linear
$ircuit
By re(re*e,ti,+ a li,ear circuit $it. it*
!orto, eCui#ale,t, t.e relatio,*.i(
1et$ee, V
out
a,d V
i,
ca, 1e eI(re**ed 1y
t.e (roduct of G
'
a,d R
out
.
out m in out
out in m out out out
R G v v
R v G R i v
Norton Equivalent Circuit
Computation of
short-circuit
output current:
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide 17 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
%-ample: Determination o#
Voltage 0ain
1 1 O m v
r g A
1
0
m
v
in
out
m
g
v
i
G
out
Determination of G
m
Determination of R
out
1 o
x
x
out
r
i
v
R
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide 1> Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
$omparison o# $% an"
$asco"e tages
Si,ce t.e out(ut i'(eda,ce of t.e
ca*code i* .i+.er t.a, t.at of a CE *ta+e,
it* #olta+e +ai, i* al*o .i+.er.
T
A
O m v
V
V
r g A
1 1
1 1 O in m out
r v g v
( )
2 1 2 2 1
r r g r g A
O m O m v
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide 1/ Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
Voltage 0ain o# $asco"e
Amplifer
Si,ce r
O
i* 'uc. lar+er t.a, 1;g
'
, 'o*t of I
C,M1
Ao$* i,to diode2co,,ected Q
2
. U*i,+ R
out
a*
1efore, A
K
i* ea*ily calculated.
1 1 m m in m out
g G v g i
( ) ( ) [ ]
( ) [ ]
2 2 1 2 1
2 1 2 2 1 2 1
||
|| || 1
O O m m
O O O m m
out m v
r r r g g
r r r r r g g
R G A
+ +
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide 20 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
.ractical $asco"e tage
!o curre,t *ource i* ideal< t.e out(ut
i'(eda,ce i* ),ite.
) || ( ||
2 1 2 2 3
r r r g r R
O O m O out
EE105 Fall 2007 Lecture 11, Slide 21 Prof. Liu, UC Berkeley
Improve" $asco"e tage
, order to (re*er#e t.e .i+. out(ut
i'(eda,ce, a ca*code P!P curre,t *ource
i* u*ed.
[ ] [ ]
out m v
O O m O O m out
R g A
r r r g r r r g R
1
2 1 2 2 3 4 3 3
) || ( || ) || (
