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Self-Rule in British Colonies: Canada, Australia, NZ, Ireland

Canada achieved self-rule through a process of reunifying its French and English colonies and establishing the Dominion of Canada in 1867, which allowed Canada to govern its own domestic affairs while remaining part of the British Empire. Australia and New Zealand transitioned from British penal colonies to self-governing dominions in the early 1900s, though tensions remained over the displacement and exclusion of indigenous Maori and Aboriginal peoples from democracy and prosperity. Ireland struggled for home rule for centuries under British rule but was finally granted home rule and then partitioned into Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland in the 1920s after armed rebellions heightened nationalist sentiments.

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394 views12 pages

Self-Rule in British Colonies: Canada, Australia, NZ, Ireland

Canada achieved self-rule through a process of reunifying its French and English colonies and establishing the Dominion of Canada in 1867, which allowed Canada to govern its own domestic affairs while remaining part of the British Empire. Australia and New Zealand transitioned from British penal colonies to self-governing dominions in the early 1900s, though tensions remained over the displacement and exclusion of indigenous Maori and Aboriginal peoples from democracy and prosperity. Ireland struggled for home rule for centuries under British rule but was finally granted home rule and then partitioned into Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland in the 1920s after armed rebellions heightened nationalist sentiments.

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p.

317-321

Self-Rule for British Colonies

Objectives
Describe how Canada achieved self-rule
Explain how Australia and New Zealand became
democracies
Describe British domination of Ireland

CANADA STRUGGLES FOR SELF-RULE


French and English Canada

French Colonist
French and Indian War 1763
Influx of British

French
Roman Catholic

English
Protestant

Upper Canada Ontario

Loyalist post Revolutionary War

English-speaking majority

French settled separately from English

Lower Canada Quebec


French-speaking majority

CANADA STRUGGLES FOR SELF-RULE


The Durham Report

The Dominion of Canada

The split worked for a time


Mid 1800s
Middle class professionals demand political and
economic reforms
Rebellion break out in upper and lower Canada

Lord Durham
Reformist
Reunite upper and lower Canada
Encourage immigration
Canada should govern itself

Dominion
A nation allowed to govern its own affairs

In 1867 Nova Scotia and New


Brunswick join
Was self-governing in domestic affairs,
but was still part of the British Empire

AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND


Britain's Penal Colony

Free Settlers Arrive

1788 Britain begins colonizing Australia


with convicted criminals

Over time British settlers start to


settle in New Zealand and Australia

Penal Colony

Raise sheep
Become successful wool exporters

Place where convicts are sent to serve their


sentences
Used as a way to keep prisons from over crowding

Land was offered cheap

After release, prisoners could buy land and


settle

Population increase in Australia


aided by 1851 gold rush

AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND


Settling New Zealand

Slower
settlement

No British
ownership
Maori rights
recognized

1814

Missionaries
arrive to convert
the Maoris
Conflict with
European
settlers over
land

British
annexation

Maori except
British rule
Britain
recognizes
Maori land
rights

AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND


Self-Government

Wanted to govern themselves and


remain in the British Empire

Created parliamentary forms of


government
In the early 1900s both New Zealand
and Australia became donimions

Status of Native People


Natives were excluded from democracy and
prosperity
European diseases killed many

Aborigines were displaced from their lands


or killed many times
Tensions in New Zealand continued
Wars in 1845 and 1872
Finally driven to remote part of the country

THE IRISH WIN HOME RULE


The Great Famine
Expansion began in 1100s when the Pope
gave control of Ireland to the King of
England
English law limited the rights of Catholics
and favored Protestant religion and English
language
1801 England formally joined Ireland to
UK

1840s
Potatoes had become the sole source
of food for many
Crops failed year after year

1 million people died


1.5 million flea
Most to the United States

THE IRISH WIN HOME RULE


Demand for Home Rule

Rebellion and Division

Home rule

1916 Easter Rebellion

Local control over internal matter only


British were fearful that home rule would lead to
independence

In 1914, Parliament enacted a home


rule bill
World War I breaks out and home rule
is put on hold

British put the rebellion down and execute the


leaders
Gave wider popularity to Irish nationalism

Irish Republican Army


Unofficial military force seeking independence for
Ireland

1921 Divided Ireland is granted home rule


Northern Ireland Republic of Ireland (1949)

What remnant of the division between


Upper and Lower Canada still exsists?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

How were the fates of the Aborigines and


Maoris similar to that of indigenous people in
the United States?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Why might Britain been more reluctant to


grant home rule to Ireland than to its other
colonies?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

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