EDU 3093: TEACHERS AND CURRENT CHALLENGES

TOPIC 1
National
Integration

Definition:
A process of uniting groups with different backgrounds into one entity which is
bound by common norms, values and interests. When the integration takes
place, there will be a sense of belonging and ties of feelings between people
themselves. From integration also, there will be a sharing of heart and minds
that goes beyond cultural and ethnic differences.

Consequences of national integration:

Differences in culture and religion
dissatisfaction
Geographical position
Challenges / obstacles to create a social system:
Religion and culture
British Colonial Policy
The education system, school, and different languages
Practice different economic
Follow the political differences of race, racial & ethnic

Strengthening & fostering the national integration by means of education

policy:

1. The National Education System

2. The agenda of strengthening the National Schools
3. Application of Value Subjects : civic and citizenship 2003
4. Vision school Concept
a. Approved by cabinet in 1997
b. Combines three different schools in a complex sharing
facilities.
c. Students can interact and communicate
d. Strengthen the unity among students
e. The used of one curriculum,
f. Help improve the mastery of national language, friendship,

tolerance,
5. Curriculum and cocurriculum
6. Nationality language Activities
7. Instilling and inculcating understanding
8. NEU
9. syllabus, textbooks, examination
10. uniform
11. teacher training system
12. the use of language
13. RIMUP program
a. Module for academic excellance
b. Sportmanship and games activity module
c. Co curriculum module
d. Community service activity module
e. Enhancing Patriotism activity module

Community involvement in fostering national integration:

Community Collaboration Program

Family Day

Cultural Events

celebrations

Co-Curricular Activities

Independence month

visiting
Bina Insan

The teacher's role in addressing issues of national integration:

Teachers are nation builders because teachers can develop the human
capital and ensure the formation of a strong self-esteem pupils,
competitive, high confidence and adhere to the religion and universal
values and thus be able to compete glocally and globally.
Based on MOE guidelines in PIPP, the teacher's role as a nation builder of

the country may be accomplished by:

o strengthening the national language
o strengthen national unity
o fostering the love of arts, heritage and culture of the people

1Malaysia concept

Democratization Focus in education democratisation:

Eradicate illiteracy
of Education
universal education
provision of infrastructure
Adequately trained teachers
Pre-school for all
Education for all
World class education/standard education/ quality education

In conclusion, FOCUS of WORLD BANK IN EDUCATION

basic education
Compulsory education for all
Skills in management
distribution of resources
Requirements to the job market

UNESCO
Educational
Pillars

The four pillars of learning are fundamental principles for reshaping

education:
Learning to know: to provide the cognitive tools required to better
comprehend the world and its complexities, and to provide an appropriate and
adequate foundation for future learning.
Learning to do: to provide the skills that would enable individuals to

effectively participate in the global economy and society.

Learning to be: to provide self-analytical and social skills to enable
individuals to develop to their fullest potential psycho-socially, affectively as
well as physically, for an all-round complete person.
Learning to live together: to expose individuals to the values implicit within
human rights, democratic principles, intercultural understanding and respect
and peace at all levels of society and human relationships to enable individuals
and societies to live in peace and harmony.
Globalization in
Education

GLOBALIZATION CHALLENGES IN EDUCATION

The need for continuous learning.
Innovation in curriculum implementation
The use of telecommunications and information technology.
Management education.
The formation of student identity.
Quality of teachers.

NEED TO CHANGE CURRICULUM

Among the changes observed were as follows: -

Smart Schools: Focus on the process of developing and nurturing

learning to use computers and multimedia applications.
Schools Project Net: Use a personal computer and the environment
Local Area Network (LAN). Teacher serves as an information receiver
curriculum and learning materials from outside and then passed on to
the students.
Project Smart Lab: Using computer networks to allow students to
access knowledge and information from various sources with teachers
working as drivers, sailors and facilitator.
School Project Vista: Software applications for classroom
management to teaching and learning. This allows teachers to manage
classrooms effectively and provide opportunities for students to
communicate electronically with their friends and teachers.

PREPARATION FOR GLOBAL COMPETITION

Having a culture of lifelong learning.
Have the ability to communicate in the native language and an
international language.
Mastering technology skills to job requirements and daily life.
Prepared cognitively to the complex and challenging tasks, solve
problems and generate new knowledge.
Become responsible citizens socially, politically and culturally

GLOBALIZATION CHALLENGES TO TEACHER

Readiness
The increase in work load
Lack of management support
management education
The attitude of teachers
Different levels of knowledge
use of technology
Identity formation
school culture
Professional development
Cultural
Diversity

Justice/FAIRNESS

Educational opportunities for all

Fostered through the curriculum and extra-curricular activities

Twinning program Vision Schools

SOCIO-CULTURAL DIVERSITY OF STUDENTS SHOULD BE

HANDLED WISELY.
National schools as the leading national education system. Ensure equitable
support and funding to religious schools, Chinese and Tamil national
schools, missionary schools, vocational schools in a joint effort to improve
the standard of education.
Improving the quality of school facilities and the poor in rural, especially
in Sabah and Sarawak.
Improving the quality of teacher education for all levels of schools and

increase the number of trained teachers.

Provides high-level training opportunities for teachers and lecturers so that
their professional knowledge and skills are always in line with current
developments.
Reviewing back the scheme of service for teachers and increase the
stimulation scheme for those who teach in remote areas.
Provides merit-based scholarships and other financial aid based on need,
with priority to the poor students from rural and remote areas.
Emphasizing the importance of students mastering various languages
including English, Arabic, Chinese as the main languages of the world and
native languages.
Providing training for school dropouts.

Influence of ICT The effects/impact:

Development
Environment more conducive
Easily produce materials
media diversity

Social Problems

information in various

CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS can be divided into 3

PARTS :
crime: stealing a bicycle, against teachers, fighting, gamble and steal
test papers.

gangsterism : a member of the gang, collect money 'pau' from other

students, come fight with another group, forcing other groups to
become members of the group in the gang and behave like thugs.

Rude/disrespectful: smoking cigarettes, harassing girls, prefects, noise

in the classroom, drinking alcohol, lying, long hair, obscene words, and
keep/ watch pornographic movies and others.

CAUSES
Globalization and modernization

The collapse of the family institution

Mass-media
Legal (weak)
behavior/attitude of teenagers
Parental attitudes

Addressing/curbing social ills

The role of parents
Provisions of the law
academic approach
religious education
The role of the community

Report &
Analysis
Related to
National
Educational
achievement

TOPIC 2) TEACHERS AND LAWS

PERATURAN-PERATURAN PEGAWAI AWAM (KELAKUAN DAN TATATERTIB) 1993 (PINDAAN
2002)
PERATURAN 3A
Penjawat awam wajib mematuhi peraturan-peraturan yang telah ditetapkan dan tindakan tatatertib
boleh dikenakan kepada pegawai yang ingkar
PERATURAN 3B
Seseorang pegawai dikehendaki memberi aku janji sebagaimana yang diperuntukkan dalam
Peraturan-Peraturan Pegawai Awam (PU.A.176) Lantikan, Naik Pangkat dan Penamatan
Perkhidmatan
PERATURAN 3C

Menjadi tanggungjawab seseorang pegawai untuk menjalankan kawalan dan pengawasan tatatertib
ke atas pegawai bawahannya dan mengambil tindakan yang sesuai dengan segera terhadap mana
pegawai yang melanggar mana-mana peruntukan peraturan-peraturan ini
PERATURAN 4 (1)
Seseorang pegawai hendaklah pada setiap masa memberikan taat setianya kepada Yang diPertuan Agong, Negara dan Kerajaan
PERATURAN 4(2) SESEORANG PEGAWAI TIDAK BOLEH
mmbelakangkan tugas awamnya demi kepentingan peribadinya;
berkelakuan dengan sedemikian cara yang mungkin menyebabkan kepentingan peribadinya
bercanggah dengan tugas awamnya)
berkelakuan dengan apa2 cara yg mungkin menyebabkan syak yang munasabah
PERATURAN 6 PAKAIAN
Memakai singlet atau baju-T, tanpa kolar
PERATURAN 9 : MENERIMA/ MEMBERI KERAIAN
Seseorang penjawat awam tidak boleh menerima / memberi keraian(bribe) sekiranya keraian itu
dapat dengan apa-apa cara

Rules of Public Officers (Conduct and Discipline) has been introduced to serve as a guide for teachers
and other public servants in the discharge of responsibilities.
THE RATIONALE FOR DISCIPLINE RULES

perform duties with competent, trustworthy and responsible

put the public interest is more important than the interests of their own
maintain the image of the public service
to punish officers who committed the offense / violating rules

___________________________________________________________________________
EDUCATION ACT 1996
Aims - to strengthen the national education system in line with the needs and aspirations of Malaysia to
become a center of educational excellence and world-class quality.
THE PURPOSE OF FORMULATING EDUCATION ACT 1996

using the same system of evaluation & exam.

Islamic education is extended to all Muslim students.
expand the jurisdiction of the Minister of Education.
enhance/srengthen technical education.
strengthen teacher training.
private education more systematic.
strengthening the tribal language

Section 17 (2) - national language as a compulsory subject in all schools.

Section 18 - all schools have to follow the national curriculum unless specifically exempted.
Section 19 - all schools to prepare students for Public Examination, unless specifically exempted
________________________________________________________________________

Persons with Disabilities Act 2008

An Act to provide for the registration, protection, rehabilitation, development and wellbeing of
persons with disabilities, the establishment of the National Council for Persons with Disabilities and
for matters connected therewith.
Akta OKU ini juga memperuntukan perihal berkaitan pendaftaran, perlindungan, pemulihan,
pembangunan dan kesejahteraan OKU
RECOGNIZING that persons with disabilities are entitled to equal opportunity and protection and
assistance in all circumstances and subject only to such limitations, restrictions and the protection of
rights as provided by the Federal Constitution
Access to education
(1) Persons with disabilities shall not be excluded from the general education system on the basis
of disabilities, and children with disabilities shall not be excluded from pre-school, primary,
secondary and higher education, on equal basis with persons or children without disabilities,
including vocational training and lifelong learning.
(2) The Government and private educational providers shall, in order to enable persons and
children with disabilities to pursue education
(3) The Government and private educational providers shall take appropriate steps and measures
to enable persons and children with disabilities to learn life and social development skills in
order to facilitate their full and equal participation in education

___________________________________________________________________________

TOPIC 3: EMOTIONAL STRESS AMONG PUPILS

CAUSES OF EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE

school environment

The influence of family

Teaching style

Peer influence

Events in the family

teacher action

HOW TO DEAL WITH EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE

The role of parents
teacher action
o Understanding of the interests and attitudes of students
o cooperation
o application of values
o clear explanation
teaching styles
teacher leadership
cheerful atmosphere
CHILDRENS RIGHTS
all children have the right to learn together.

Children's rights: Section 17

Physically protected
no persecution/abuse/maltreatment
Healthy interacting/socializing
health rights
Convenience of food supply
Avoid emotional abuse

CONVENTION ON CHILDRENS RIGHT

Article 2: no discrimination
Article 3: given protection
Article 6: the right to life
Article 13: freedom of expression
Article 19: given the legal provisions
Article 23: enjoy life
Article 28: Right to education
Article 29: the direction of education
Article 30: the right in the community
Article 32: protected economically
Article 34: no exploitation

Early signs of Emotional

Disturbance

EMOTIONAL ASPECTS increasingly difficult TO BE SEEN

IN STUDENTS LIFE IS AS FOLLOWS:
empathy is a deep understanding of other people
express and understand feelings
handle anger
Survival or independent
ability to adapt
liked by others
the ability to solve or eliminate problems between those who are
around
camaraderie
friendliness
attitude of respect
Anxiety and anger
Difficult to show certain emotions
Experience difficulties
conflict

EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE can be categorized into three

groups:
mild emotional disturbance
medium emotional disturbance
serious emotional disturbance

CAUSES OF EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE

school environment
Teaching style
Events in the family
The influence of family
Peer influence
teacher action

Ways to overcome

HOW TO DEAL WITH EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE

The role of parents
teacher action
teaching styles
teacher leadership
Understanding of the interests and attitudes of students
cooperation
application of values
cheerful atmosphere
clear explanation

Childrens Right

According to Human Rights, every citizen is entitled to

education
all children have the right to learn together.
Children should not be belittled / discriminated
adults with disabilities, describe themselves as people who
have survived in special schools, demanding an end to
segregation.
there are no legitimate reasons to isolate/separate children
from education.

 THE RIGHTS OF EVERY CHILD IS AS FOLLOWS

to be born, to have a name and nationality

to have a family who will take care & love

to live in the community & environment safe and

peaceful

to have enough food and body active and healthy

to get a good education & develop potential

to be given the opportunity to play and play

to be protected from abuse, exploitation, neglect,

violence and danger

to be defended and given assistance by the

government

to be able to express their own views

Children's rights: Section 17

Physically protected
no persecution/abuse/maltreatment
Healthy interacting/socializing
health rights
Convenience of food supply
Avoid emotional abuse

TOPIC 4: Emotional Stress Among Teachers

Stress: unwanted emotions faced by teachers/individuals such as pressure, frustration, anxiety and
anger.
Causes:

Unconducive workspace
Disciplinary control
Evaluated by others
Conflicts with workers/colleagues
Teaching unmotivated learners

STRESS LEVEL
1. The warning / alert:
Victims can penetrate living activities done but it is hard to concentrate on his behavior.?
2. Resistance Level
Need outside help
Inability to determine own behavior and life.
Internal intrinsic strength to withstand stress eroded
3. Severity / fatigue
No longer hold on to the reality of life
Always influenced by depression, lack of trust in others & selfish in everything they do.

STEPS TO HANDLE JOB STRESS

Increase social support in the workplace

Practice positive thinking and rational
Effective Communication
Manage/Handle criticism well
Effective anger management
Solve problems effectively

Burn Out
Burnout is a state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion caused by excessive and
prolonged stress. Stress is your bodys response to CHANGE

 Burnout reduces your productivity and saps your energy, leaving you feeling increasingly
helpless, hopeless, cynical, and resentful. Eventually, you may feel like you have nothing more
to give.

SIGNS OF BURN-OUT
Physical signs

Behaviour

Feeling empty and exhausted

Frequent headaches

Easily angered

Indigestion?

Sensitive

Insomnia

Difficult to control mood

Cry easily

Feel the workload

BURN-OUT EFFECT
1. Emotional fatigue/exhaustion

Too tired to not be able to serve our customers, colleagues and family members
Emotionally x stable, became depressed, sensitive, and a negative view of things or words
uttered by others,

2. Physical effects
Health affected
Cardiovascular
Isolating/withdrawing

3. Impact the organization

decrease productivity

 Absentism / MCs
Disciplinary cases / discipline increases.

MANAGING EMOTIONAL STRESS

Improve the environment - workplace, noise, odor, lighting, etc.

Provide psychological support and counseling
Improve time management skills
Engage in religious matters
Relaxation skills
Maintaining a balance healthy lifestyle
Using effective communication skills

TOPIC 5: INNOVATION AND CHANGES IN EDUCATION

Innovative Teaching
Strategy

Project Based Learning

Definition:
Learning activities using a centralized method where teachers give students a topic / problem to
be discussed.

Features/ Characteristics

Student centered
Solve problem occurring in real world
Teachers as facilitators
Emphasizing the concept of cooperation
Giving focus on metacognitive
Using alternative evaluation/ assessment
Long term
Combination of several subjects

Functions/Advatntages

Stimulate curiosity and interest in the topic given

To integrate knowledge and skills based on multi-disciplinary module
To get knowledge through self-learning
To educate students to work and adapt to group work.
To improve and develop skills communication among students.
To build students capabilities to solve problems
To encourage self-motivation, a sense of curiosity and think

To make the teaching and learning process

fun and interesting.

The Steps
1.
2.

3.
4.

5.

Assign the task

Analyzing the problem
a. Identify the problem and find a way/solution.
Example: read, discuss
Exploring the problem
a. Investigate the problems together after gathering information
Relating (build the relation)
a. Discuss problems encountered during learning process
b. Conclusions and comparisons with similar problems
c. Propose a solution
Reflection
a. What worked and not successfully implemented
b. What will be modified

Problem Solving Based Learning

characteristics similar to Project-based Learning

Characteristics

Action

Rational

Student-centered
and in form of
experiences

-Select authentic task

based syllabus
-compatible with student
interests
-students find and analyze
information

Relevancy is the most basic element of

motivation to make the students
towards self-directed

Inductive

Learning through problem

Learning more 'depth' occurs when the

solving

information has been

processed/consolidated through
meaningful context

Challenging the
existing
knowledge

Using knowledge to test

expectations, strategies
and facts

Learning occurs when there is a

conflict between past experience and
new information

Specific and
contextual

Choose story that takes

place in the real situation

Lessons will be remembered for a long

time and understand more in depth

Problems that
require metacognitive skills

Requires students to
analyze the problem
solving strategy

Require higher-order thinking ability

(analysis, synthesis)

Build cognitive
conflict

Problem solving that can

create new problems to
challenge the knowledge

Learning occurs when the conflict

between existing knowledge and new
information

Collaborative and
interdependent

Do assignments in groups

Sharing method to solve the problem

and choose the most suitable way

The Steps

provide problem based on true story &explanation of the

learning outcomes
providing a safe learning environment
providing guidance and strategy lesson
provide the resource of learning
the learning module
enrichment and remedial resource
multimedia resource
hold reflection session

Electronic Based Learning

Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan komputer dan internet

Kelebihan: berlaku dimana-mana dan pada bila-bila masa

Kebaikan: Pemahaman dan penguasaan kemahiran dan pengetahuan baharu.

Types
1.

2.

Pembelajaran dalam talian sepenuh

Jarak jauh
-guru dan pelajar tidak bertemu
-bahan sumber dimuatkan dalam talian
-Interaksi dalam talian
Pembelajaran blended
gabungan dalam talian dan interaksi bersemuka
-pertemuan bersemuka secara berkala dalam bentuk turorial
-Cth:OUM

Types of communication occur in Electronic based learning

1.
2.

Synchronous (serentak)
Chat rooms, video konferensi,telekonferensi
Asynchoronous ( x serentak)
E-mel, SMS,MMS,forum maya, web

T&L material

Printed
Video
Audio

Characteristics

More students involve

T&L based on students need & requirements
anywhere, anytime
Fulfill different learning style

Website Based Learning

Definition
Pembelajaran dalam talian yang menggunakan gabungan streaming video, persembahan power

point, penerangan audio, dan perisian lain.

Advantages

Use of Technology in
T&L

Maklumat pembelajaran, penaksiran dan perkongsian idea dan pandangan

Pembelajaran yang luas dan kaya
Menyemak markah dan mendapat maklum balas secara langsung
Memudahkan komunikasi antara guru dan pelajar

Advantages

Make teaching more interesting and fun

Involves a variety of methods and materials

Applications requiring a variety of skills

the application of a variety of knowledge

Make teachers more creative

Improve the quality of the profession

Provide learning experiences

Learning opportunities more interesting

Increase student commitment

Create long distance teaching/learning

Suitable for all students

Involves the use of internet

More multimedia material

More Interactive materials

ideal for most methods

Maximum impact

The principles of technology in education

As teaching aids

Environmental
educational development

Not just for entertainment

adjust to the topic and time

As a reference

mobile

idea organized

clearly seen

various colors

durable

Good results

DEVELOPMENTS IN LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

cultural change
adjusting to mission
Accept all changes
Towards a world-class education
Teachers need to be responsive
Lifelong education
Distance education
towards the organization progress
Integrate a variety of pedagogies
Influence of learning styles

Good physical environment

Need for a paradigm shift
proactive attitude
accept technological developments
Fun for students
Need materials and media
Boost the delivery system
to meet the current needs
student-centered
Use a variety of media and effective management

4 TYPES OF CHANGES THAT NEED TO BE DONE BY TEACHERS

Shift towards an increase [perform tasks]
Organizational strategic change [as a whole]
Changes in reactive / proactive [to meet the needs of customers]
Changes as a result of expectations [face new competitors]

Design Resources

DESIGN FEATURES

meets the curriculum

meet the needs of the education
reasonable cost
interesting
the accuracy of the technique

THE STAGES
1.

analysis of student

Consider the teaching objectives

Criteria materials / resources
use of resources
student involvement
ratings
2.

planning the design of resources

The accuracy of the content by topics

Implementation requirements
pedagogical aspects
technical aspects
the learning process

ADVANTAGES

Meets the curriculum

fulfilling the national education philosophy
Promote the values, skills, knowledge & language
Consistent with the objectives
More accurate and current
More content-oriented and local features
Formation of internal assessment
Meet the needs of education
Promote integration

Assessment &
Evaluation Design

Consider the ability of students + teachers

Appropriate for the learning environment
Implementation more professional
Well designed interface
can be customized
reasonable cost
Exercise good judgment
Selection and use based on effectiveness
interesting
Quality graphics, video, animation, sound & noise,
display quality
quality of color and lettering

FEATURES
Focus on growth and development
Occur reciprocally
Moral values
Process of gathering information
Conducted continuously
To identify students 'achievement, take action and develop students' potential
Interactive process of learning
Increase motivation and interest in learning
Focuses on meaningful teaching

CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT
1. Assessment as learning
- give an example
- Proper guidance
- Working with students
- Internal feedback
- Create a conducive environment

2. Assessment for learning

- Rational Method
- A clear statement
- Show abilities and skills
- Markers and general indicators
- to rebuild strategy
- A transparent method

TYPES OF ASSESSMENT SYSTEM

school assessment

centralized assessment
assessment center
examination
Assessment based on activity
psychometric tests

EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT METHODS

observations
oral
written work

TOPIC 6 : INNOVATION MANAGEMENT & EDUCATIONAL CHANGES

bring changes
to meet the current needs
solve problems
developed student talent
use variety of materials
To attract students interest

Innovation in education
activities involving innovation & positive change in the implementation of curriculum &
curricular activities related to the curriculum at the school.
The creative ideas in terms of working to improve the quality & productivity of the organization
of the school.
Implementation of the curriculum - the effort to implement the curriculum through curriculum
materials, technology, education, teaching and learning methods and assessment for learning.

 Reform - ways, methods. Techniques & new approaches that enhance learning.
Take into account the appropriateness of the cost, time, and energy usage.

Innovation in teaching and learning should involve:

The concept of creative and critical thinking
creative ingenuity/intelligence
creative action
Factor & stimulative elements of creativity
Techniques of creative thinking
Solving problems creatively
Adaptation Of Teachers Innovation
- Use a variety of methods - to help students achieve the objectives of p & p.
- Customize to the needs - a student's learning style, learning topics, types of knowledge, skills to
be presented, the level of student achievement, learning environment, values & attitudes to
cultivate

Features of creative educator

Ability to vary p & p methods vary according to the abilities of pupils storytelling, role
playing, tours, mind maps, inquiry.
Flexible & open in p & p - are willing to accept ideas, entertain pupil questions,
forgiving, like diversity in students behavior, talents, ideas.
Use the latest tools - computers, software , Internet
Adjust to situations Give students the opportunity to generate ideas

Criteria in innovation @ changes

Reduced operating costs

Saving time - the use of ICT in teaching and learning
Increased work output
The increase of customers satisfaction (parental assessment on the management of the school)

Principles Of Innovation In Teaching

Decisions based on clear goals

 Helping colleague/ team

Share ideas
Learning through experience
Innovation should be sought
Replicability
See extent of have proven its replicability and can be used by individuals without the high cost
Impact (outcomes)
Assessed through criteria efficient (efficiency & significant of an innovation)
Efficiency - extent of effectiveness in contributing to the improvement of education in the
country.
significant
Fulfill its significance, gives an impact on the effectiveness & efficiency of p & p

Barriers to innovation in schools

Confrontational attitude to the school

Difficulties for teachers to change practices
Not sure using sophisticated equipment - electronic, computer technology, telecommunications
Technophobia - fear of electronic media, fear of electronic equipment, fearing the teacher's role
is taken by the media
Attitude
Feel threatened - not confident doing new things
Time & facilities - not enough time & convenience
Different demographic
Location of school
limited expertise

Innovation: Underlying the Development of Education

Curriculum innovation - learning content, themes, aspects of learning, design and arrangement
of learning materials, strategies, implementation of the curriculum
Teaching innovation - methods, approaches, how, management, organization, planning &
implementation of teaching
Professionals innovations - personality, how & culture, efficiency, expertise, new practices,
new thinking, innovation adaptation
Thinking innovation - progressive development of the mind, an open mind, creative reading,
trigger ideas

 Innovative learning environment - environment & a place to study

Management innovation - innovation in system management, relationship, support,
advancement of learning, problem solving
Technological innovation contribute creativity in R & D, management of the school.