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nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

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nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

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10

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12

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

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jeCd jvf rt nmfstfybf jvf. sp nmfstfybfq k]fslv mpGflf [cB rq
zKhf k]fslv nsm zfOfk tfso, kf jvfv mfsb k]fslvsj ofdt
slWqf. zfv kf zfmfslv ubA hL bq.
hL bq k]fslv dhwkf, zfmfbklfvD, nkkf, nkAhfdlkf W
bAfqivfqBkfq sjfb iajfv nslr jvf. htsb hf dtJsb k]fslv iadk
jef[ jvf, hAsfd jvf, kfdYtA iajfw jvf, jub nfrfhDv i[
dbsq jKf htsk dosq zivsj kcY jvf hL bq.
mfm zfhC pcvzfr zfv-vfpD hstb,
I *_'5 %a h
YM 3 + ,- k5) 6$3' NE8 B$' ( !

%$ U(%> () { 3h %|( B<3h

zKGf{, spnh mcrfduv W zfbnfv (mfb zfbqsb) zoahkDG hQ iaKm,
zfv spnh stfj nvt zsv kfslv zbcofmD, zffr kfslv iadk n
hQ kfvfW k]fsk n. (kfWhfr } 100)
F? %6 > '/ 3 %0? 3 8@A 3 ( % %6' BC5
D E '/ }

nfrfhfslv iadk zfmfslv ykcKG jkGhA

nfrfhfslv iadk zfmfslv zfsvjde jkGhA rt, zfmvf zfmfslv rlqmbsj k]fslv hAfifsv idvjfv vfJh. zfmfslv msb k]fslv iadk sjfb
iajfsvv dhsN Kfjsh bf, jCe W OxBf Kfjsh bf. k]fslv sjfb iajfv
lcOGebf sb zfmfslv mb k]fslv iadk sjfbvi dhvi W [c rsh bf.
jKf mrfb zffrv dwJfsbf lczfsk vsqsY.
kfsk jKfvW dk vsqsY sp, k]fvf zfmfslv Hf. mb Hf,
p]fvf nhfv zfso zffr W klDq vnCt -v iadk dhwfn fib
jsvsYb hQ Db iadkfv isK vnCtsj nfrfpA jsvsYb. dbsuslv
ufb-mftsj jcvhfbD dlsq zfmfslv jfsY Db si]ZsY dlsq sosYb. jk

3&4 J8 6 / C 3G ! a ! _ ) J8 6 _ ) 53h

3&4 + $g % G %< %)8O' 5'8' a !

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. BC B< 8O

14

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

zKGf{, pJb skfmvf hAd dhswNsj slJsh sp, sn bhD -v

nryvosBv jfsvfv dhvs zimfbjv jKf htsY, kJb susb dbsqf sp,
sn jub LmGsfrD. spsrkc zfmfslv dbje vnCt
nkA. jcvzfb
nkA. zfmfslv dbje jcvzfb W ncfr si]ZsY dlsqsYb zffrv vnCt
-v nfrfhfoB. mCtk} kfvf (k]fslv nmfstfybfv mfLAsm) zfmfslv
nf[D (hBGbfjfvD)slvsj zfOfk jvsk yfq, pfsk djkfh W ncfrsj
hfdkt jvsk ifsv. zKy kfvf zdLj zfOfkspfoA, kfvf rt
LmGsfrD. (zft-djIfqfr ID tdmv dvWqfqfr 49ix})
ntfm-dhsNDvf zisyf yfdtsq zfnsY, pfsk kfvf ntfsm
nslsrv zbcisa hw Oefsk ifsv. zmcndtmslvsj ntfmsj lCv jvsk
hQ mcndtmslvsj ntfsm ndlrfb jvsk kfvf W iajfwA iasyfq
dbvtn iaqfn yfdtsq pfsY. zkDh lc}sJv dhNq sp, kfsk vsqsY mcndtm
bfmLfvD h mcbfdIj W dhlzfkD, pfvf LmGsfrDslv ncsv ncv dmdtsq
jKf htsY hQ nfrfhfslv zfmfbklfvDsk ndlrfb rsq ixKj mprfh
nxd jsv hsnsY.
i[fsv p]fslv iadk Wvf ndlrfb, k]fslv iadk mrfb iadkiftj
n. dkdb k]fslvsj nbl dlsqsYb sp, `vfdpqff zfbm, zvfpC
zfb'. p]fslv iadk mrfb zffr n, k]fvf dj dhwfnOfkj rsk
ifsvb? p]fvf zffrv vnCt -v jfsY dhw, k]fvf dj zfmfslv dbje
zdhw W zdbHGvspfoA rsk ifsvb? smfse bf, j[sbf bf.
sp mfbcNslv iadk mrfb iadkiftj n, sn mfbcNslvsj dj sjfb
mc'dmb ofdt dlsk ifsv? sp mfbcsNvf ntfsm zoaBD, sn mfbcNslvsj dj
sjfb mcndtm zdHwfi jvsk ifsv? p]fslvsj ofdt dlsk mrfbhD
dbsNL jsvsYb, k]fslvsj dj sjfb mkD tfbk dlsk ifsv?
vnCt hstb,
5 (
kC 5 ) N _@ % B#5) ?,- k5) %&4P
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zfmfv nfrfhfsj ofdt dlsqf bf. spsrkc p]fv rfsk zfmfv ufb zfsY
k]fv jnm! pdl skfmfslv sj l ihGknm BG hAq jsv, khcW kf

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

15

kfslv jfsvf mcX (625 oafm) hvQ zLGmcX idvmfsiW si]ZYsh bf. (hcJfvD
3673, mcndtm 6652bQ)

.(M ,- V>
,- %&4P )
skfmvf zfmfv nfrfhfsj ofdt dlsqf bf. sp hAd zfmfv nfrfhfsj
ofdt slq, zffr kfsj zdHwfi jsvb. (kfhfvfbDv zfnfk

4771,, n} ufsm' 5111bQ)

.(t aE 3 gfqa 3 G M ,- V> )

sp hAd zfmfv nfrfhfsj ofdt slsh, kfv iv zffr, dIdvwXkf W
njt mfbcsNv zdHwfi. (kfhfvfbDv jfhDv 12709bQ)
j hBGbfq zdkdv zfsY, zffr kfv dbje sKsj sjfb Ivp W
bIt hflk jhct jvshb bf. (dn} nrDrfr 2340bQ)
nfLfvB mcndtmsj oftfofdt jvf IfsnjD. kfrst dhdw mcndtm,
swa mcndtmslvsj ofdt dlst sjfbX swaBDv IfsnjD rsk ifsv, kf
zbcsmq.
vnCtcfr hstb,
. 8* @ # $ * %4 B 4a + >
mcndtmsj ofdt ml jvf IfsnjD hQ kfv nfsK JcbfJcbD jvf
jcIvD. (hcJfvD 48, mcndtm 230bQ)
mc'dmb fHfdhjHfsj zdHwfijfvD rsk ifsv bf. kfv ydv bq,
mfbcNsj tfbkfb W oftfofdt jvf.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(/ ) @
pG \a )!
zKGf{, mc'dmb sJ]fef lfbjfvD, zdHwfijfvD, dbtG W zwDtHfND rq
bf. (zfrmfl 3948, dkvdmpD 1977, rfsjm, dn} nrDrfr 312bQ)
zkDh lc}sJv dhNq sp, kxkDq JtDIf Nmfb -v pco sKsj
nfrfhfsj oftfofdt jvf v rq. kJbjfv dmnvDqvf k]fsj ofdt slWqf
v jsv, wfmhfnDvf zftD -sj ofdtoftfu jvsk tfso hQ
vfjDvf h nfrfhfv dhvs jeCd jvsk zfv jsv. v rq bfbf
dIkbf, z i[ifdkskv dIkbf. sn nmq mf zfsqwf (vfdpqff

16

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

zfbrf) k]fv shfbsif vWqfr dhb pchfvsj hstdYstb,

.BC%&4
Y 3 + ,-b 8@[$4' 8 $0 '
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doIfv ([mfiafKGbf) jvsk zfslw jvf rsqsY. zfv Wvf k]fslvsj
ofdt dlsY! (mcndtm 7724, hsb zfhD wfhfr 32418bQ)
Wslv hAfifsv htf rsqdYt,
F? %6 > '/ 3 %0? 3 8@A 3 ( % %6' BC5
D E '/ }
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zfmfslvsj hQ dhwfsn zoaBD zfmfslv fkfslvsj [mf jv hQ
mcdmbslv dhvs zfmfslv zsv drQnf-dhsN svsJf bf. sr zfmfslv
iadkiftj! kcdm skf lqflaG, ivm lqftc.' (rfwXv } 10)
dj Wvf Hct hcsU zKhf sJqft-JcwDv zbcnvB j'sv k]fslvsj ofdt
dlsq jcvzfsbv i dhsvfdLkf jvt. Hfstf mfbcNslv dhvs mlvf
dblfhflsj dulfhfl jvt. zfv ef lcdbqfv bDdk, Hfstf mfbcsNv
w zsbj. Hfstfv jft sb. Hfstfv nmfstfybf rq mlslv fvf.
mlvf Hfstfslv oDhk jsv. zfv kfsk tfH rq Hfstfslv. ef
zffrv bDdk.
djYc stfj zhfj rsq mf zfsqwf (vfdpqff zfbrf)sj htt, `zsbj
stfj mrfbhD -v nfrfhfv hAfifsv zimfbjv jKfhfkGf htsY, mbdj
zfhC hfjXv W mfsvv hAfifsvW!' kf sb dkdb kfslvsj htstb,
.8E2 B<3h j6' } V)2 Na B<3h j6 /C % O P
`sk zhfj rWqfv jD zfsY? k]fslv zfmt dhdY rsq sosY. kf
zffr iYl jsvsYb, pfsk k]fslv sbjD dhdY bf srfj.' (mcJkfnfv
kfvDsJ dlmfwXj 2546ix}, kfvDsJ hfolfl 5/147)

k]fslv sbjDv ifrfV rsh svfu djqfmsk. spsrkc sndlb rsh

iadkswfL slWqf-sbWqfv dlb. jlf vfnCtc fr nfrfhfosBv sswA
htstb, skfmvf dj ufb, db} sj? nfrfhfvf htstb, `zfmfslv

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

17

msLA db} hAd, pfv jfsY sjfb dlvrfm hQ sjfb zfnhfh-i

sb.' dkdb htstb,
/ C B$ 5 P2 ' U # G- UqW G6 %' P2' $
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dlb bfmfp, svfpf W pfjfskv (sbjD) dbsq rfdpv rsh. (dj v nfsK
nfsK sn zhfq zfnsh sp, sn jfsj ofdt dlsqsY. jfsvf iadk dmKAf
zihfl zfsvfi jsvsY, jfsvf (zShLvsi) mft H[B jsvsY. jfsvf
vifk jsvsY hQ jfsj smsvsY. zk}iv (zkAfyfdvk)sj kfv
sbjD slWqf rsh, (zkAfyfdvk)sj kfv sbjD slWqf rsh. idvswsN
pdl kfv sbjDvfdw zbAfbAslv lfhD iCvB jvfv iCshG swN rsq pfq,
kfrst kfslv ifivfdw dbsq kfv iv dbs[i jvf rsh. zk}iv
kfsj ufrffsm dbs[i jvf rsh. (zfrmfl, mcndtm 6744bQ, dkvdmpD)
nfLfvB sjfb mfbcNsj ofdt slWqfv idvBdk i, nckvfQ nfrfhfsj
ofdt slWqfv idvBdk jD Hqv rsk ifsv, kfsk sjfb zikf sb.
spsrkc zoEbmCtj nmfstfybf j iajfv ofdt. nckvfQ mxk mfbcNslv
nmfstfybf jvf hL bq. nfrfhfosBv mfsU sp oxrl kKf oxrpc dYt,
kfsk sj rjiD dYstb, zfv sj hfdktiD dYstb, kf dbsq zfmvf
sHsh jD jvh? k]fslv ok rWqfv isv k]fslv Hct hcUfhcdUv suv dbsq
zfmvf sjb zfsifsn jvh?
sjb zfmvf mxk mcndtmslvsj ofdtoftfu jvh? zKy zfmfslv bhD
kf jvsk dbsNL jsvsYb.
vfnCtcfr hstsYb,
.(% 5
! %^ 5 B< ? % 2 %&4P )
skfmvf mxkslvsj ofdt dlsqf bf. spsrkc kfvf dbsuslv jxkjsmGv
idvBdk ipG si]ZsY sosY. (zKGf{, kfv It sHfo jvsY.) (hcJfvD

18

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

1393, 6516bQ)

sjmb mcndtm sn, sp zjfvsB sjfb mcndtmsj ofdt slq? sjmb

mcndtm sn, sp jfsvfv hcUfv Hcst j'sv sItf de Lsv oftfofdt jsv?
zKy kfv bhD hstb,
.(75' 4 %a 4a B > B 4a )
iajk
x mcndtm sn, pfv mcJ W rfk rsk mcndtmoB dbvfisl Kfsj.
(hcJfvD 9, mcndtm 171bQ)

htf hftA, iajk

x mcndtm rWqfv ubA zfmfslv dyk sjfb nfrfhDv
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. (B<|8h
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idh svsJsYb. nckvfQ zfmfslv dyk, zfmvf zfmfslv durfsj
k]fslv nmfb tcef sKsj idh vfJh. (nCtct mfb 1/365)
mfm zfrmfl dhb rft (v})sj jlf nfrfhfslv dIkbf (oxrpc)
hAfifsv dufnf jvf rst sv zfqfk ifE jsvdYstb,
{% a ' % # ah % 24P B$ 4# Bg 4# < 0 5 I P}
zKGf{, sn mk (lt) ok rsq sosY; kfvf pf zuGb jsvsY kf
kfslv; skfmvf pf zuGb jsvY kf skfmfslv. zfv kfvf pf jvk, sn
ns skfmfslvsj sjfb iaw jvf rsh bf. (hfjfvfr } 134, 141)
ndkA skf. pdl LsvW db sp, nfrfhfslv sj sjfb zivfL jsv
sIstsYb, kf hst dj mrfb zffr kfv ubA zfmfsj-zfibfsj dufnf
jvshb? bfdj k]fslv sn oxrsv dhyfvHfv zfmfv-zfibfv iv
bA jvf rsqsY?
Hct hcUfhcdUv Ist mbcNA-nQnfsv zfb Lsv. nfmdqj UoVf-dhhfl
rq, dikfmfkf zKhf fkf-HdobDv nfsK -dhhfl rsq Kfsj. hfsv
sKsj jk tcJfoVf kfslv nis[-dhis[ bfbf mhA jsv. kf hst dj
kfvf sj zsbAv iv rsq pfq? j[sbf bf.
dj kxkDq swaBDv djYc mfbcN zfsY, pfvf sn dhhfsl dbsuslv bfj
otfq hQ bAfq-zbAfq dhyfv jvsk hsn dbsuslv nm b jsv.

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

19

iajk
x iafsh zdbYfjxk Hct dnf dbsq sjfb Hct jfu j'sv
sItstW mrfb zffr sn Hct [mf j'sv slb. mrfb zffr
zfmfslvsj htsk dwdJsqsYb,
U86 U(%> () { 20 3G4 !/0\P 3 (}
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jdv, kfrst kcdm zfmfslvsj zivfLD jsvf bf. (hfjfvfr } 286)
i[fsv ndEj jvfv dbqsk sj Hct jvst kfsk jfsvf ifi rq bf.
hvQ sn dbqskv hjGsk jde nWqfh tfH rq. mrfbhD hstsYb,
2 0 B 5<$E Bg) !8E + - B 5<$E B# , Bg) )!
.(8* E
zKGf{, dhyfvj pdl ncdhyfsvv iaqfn svsJ dhyfv jsv zk}iv kf
ndEj rq, ksh kfv ubA vsqsY lcde nWqfh. zfv ncdhyfsvv iaqfn svsJ
pdl dhyfsv Hct jsvW hsn, ksh kfv ubAW vsqsY jde nWqfh.
(hcJfvD 7352, mcndtm 1716 bQ)

htf hftA, nfrfhfoB Hct hcUfhcdUv Ist sp -dhoasr zfsifsn

dt rsq isVdYstb, kf k]fslv ubA [mfrG rsh. kfrst ivhkGDsk
zfmvf sn k]fslv dhyfv W nmfstfybf jvsk pfh sjfbX sswA?
kfYfVf zfvW jde nkjGkfv jKf sp, nfrfhfslv hAfifsv zfmvf sp
nh nmfstfybfmCtj jKfhfkGf db, kfv jef zQw dmKAf mboVf.
Hfsh kf iamfdBk bf rstW zsbsj kf dbsq rSy jsv. nckvfQ
k]fslv nmfstfybfmCtj jKf bst fbD mcndtsmv dyk, kf ndEj dj
bf, kf dhyfv j'sv slJf. zk}iv ndEj bf rst sn hAfifsv smfse mcJ
bf sJftf. zfv ndEj iamfdBk rst kf dbsq nmfstfybfmCtj jKfv
ztQjfv bf hfdVsq k]fslv i[ sKsj iadkv[f W Jb jvfv ubA
sjht zfstfybf jvf.
iajk
x mc'dmsbv jfu rsh, dbsuv mfb v[f jvsk k]fslv nmfstfybf
huGb jvf hQ dbsuv mfb hxd jvsk k]fslv nm v[f jvsk
nmfstfyjslv iadkhfl jvf.

20

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

21

nfrfhfslv Hfstfhfnfq mLAif

zfmvf vfnCtc fr -v nfrfhfsj Hfstfhfnh, dj k]fslv jfsvf iadk
Hfstfhfnfq zdkvb jvh bf. spmb zfmvf zfhC hfjXv, mfv W
Nmfsbv Hfstfhfnfq hfVfhfdV jvh bf, skmdb zftD W zfrst
hfqskv Hfstfhfnfq mfkfmfdk jvh bf.
zfmvf mLAiD ufdk, dnvfsk mcf jDsmv idKj. zfmfslv mfsU
nDmftQOb Kfjsh bf.
mrfbhD hstb, skfmvf mLAmif zhtb jv hQ zdkvb W
zhsrtf sKsj lCsv Kfj. skfmvf njfst-dhjfst W vfskv djYc zQsw
zffrv hflk jv. skfmvf mLAif zhtb jv, mLAif zhtb
jv; kfrst ts[A si]ZsY pfsh. (hcJfvD)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, zfmfv mskv lc swaBDv stfj zfmfv ncifdvw
tfH jvsk ifvsh bf; dhshjrDb zkAfyfvD vfsbkf hQ iaskAj
nkAkAfoD zdkvbjfvD. (kfhfvfbD, nrDt ufsm' 3798 bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, zdkvbjfvDvf LQn rsqsY. (zfrmfl, mcndtm,
zfhC lfl, nrDt ufsm' 7039 bQ)

zftD hstb, `zfmfv hAfifsv lc hAd LQn rsh. iaKm rt, zfmfv
Hdsk nDmf zdkmjfvD H hQ dkDq rt, zfmfv dhssN nDmf
zdkmjfvD dhsND.' (wfhfbDv djkfhcn ncfr 974 bQ)
zsbj stfj zftD -sj dbsq hfVfhfdV jsvdYt hQ k]fsj `ifnA'
LfvBf j'sv hsndYt. dkdb kfslvsj zfsb icdVsq smsvdYstb.
zsbsjv msk zftD bhD -v mskf slJsk dYstb. duhaft Hct
j'sv mcrfmfslv jfsY zrD dbsq sosYb. bsy{ zfnt `bhD' rWqfv
jKf dYt zftDv!
j swaBDv mfbcN msb jsv, iaKm JtDIf rWqfv rjlfv W spfoA
dYstb zftD. nfrfhfvf NVXp j'sv k]fsj hfl dlsq zfhC hfjXv hQ
kfviv mfv W Nmfbsj JtDIf hfbfq! zfv kfv ubA iaKm dkb
JtDIf kfslv dbje jfsIv. tf rfWtf ztf jCWqfkf f dhfr.
iaskAj dudbsnv nDmf zfsY, sn nDmf zdkm jvf mcndtsmv jfu
bq. spsrkc mrfb zffr sjfb nDmftQObjfvDsj iYl jsvb bf.

nfrfhfslv mfsU swaskv dhyfv

zfdqfoB mfsb zfmfslv dbje nmfb rstW mpGflfq njst j
nmfb bb. zbcvi nfrfhfoBW Hfstfhfnfq zfmfslv dbje nmfb rstW
mpGflfq njst nmfb bb. njst uffkD rstW uffskv v dH dH.
k]fslv kAfo, dkdk[f W jcvhfbD fb-jft zbcifsk dH dH mfrfkA
vfsJ.
tfmfoB sJ j'sv Kfsjb sp, mpGflf drnfsh nfrfhfosBv 12de v
vsqsY. zfv kf dbmvi }1. p]fvf mfq nhGfsoa ntfm oarB jsvb. spmb, zfhC hfjXv, mfv,
Nmfb W zftD .
2. p]fvf lfvb bflWqfsk umfsqk rsq ntfsm lDd[k rb.
3. p]fvf rfhwfq druvk jsvb.
4. p]fvf iaKm zfjfhfq hfqzfk jsvb.
5. p]fvf dkDq zfjfhfq hfqzfk jsvb.
6. p]fvf druvk j'sv vfnCtcfr -v nfsK jch fq dmdtk rb.
7. p]fvf hlv pcs zQw oarB jsvb.
8. p]fvf hlv pc W lfdhqAfrv ndv zhGkGDjfst druvk
jsvsYb.
9. p]fvf lfdhqAfrsk `hfzfkcv dvpWqfb'- zQwoarB jsvsYb.
10. p]fvf lfdhqAfr W mf-dhusqv zhGkGDjfst druvk
jsvsYb. svv nfrfhf-nQJAf zsbj. ]slv msLA dYstb Jfstl dhb
ztDl, zfmXv dhb zfn, zfhC vfvf iamcJ nfrfhfoB.
11. p]fvf mf-dhusqv dlb ntfsm lDd[k rb.
12. p]fvf dw zhfq mf dhusqv dlb zKhf dhlfqD rsv nmq
bhD -v lwGbtfH jsvsYb.
k]fslv mpGflfv kfvksmAv jKf sOfNBf j'sv mrfb zffr hstsYb,

22

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

Bg3 %$4' (2 a4
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NG > M %6@3P

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5'5T U(%> () {
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zKGf{, skfmfslv jD rsqsY sp, skfmvf zffrv isK hAq jvsh bf?
zKy zfjfwmtD W ixdKhDv mfdtjfbf skf zffrv. skfmfslv msLA
pfvf (mf) dhusqv iCshG hAq jsvsY W nQoafm jsvsY (kfvf hQ
ivhkDGvf) nmfb bq. kfvf mpGflfq swa kfslv zsi[f, pfvf
ivhkGDjfst hAq jsvsY W nQoafm jsvsY. ksh zffr njtsj
jtAfsBv iadkwadk dlsqsYb. zfv skfmvf pf jv, zffr kf ndhswN
zhdrk. (rflDl } 10)
htf hftA, mf dhuq zKhf lfdhqAfv ndv iCshGv nfrfhfosBv
zfmt W mpGflf zsbj shwD. p]fvf lfdhqAfv ofsYv dbsy vfnCtc fr
-v rfsk `hfqzfkcv dvpWqfb' jsvsYb k]fvf ivhkGDslv kctbfq
swa nfrfhD.
zk}iv k]fslv sKsjW swa nfrfhf k]fvf, p]fvf hlv pcs zQwoarB
jsvsYb.
k]fslv msLAW zsi[fjxk swa nfrfhf k]fvf, p]fslvsj uDdhkfhfq
mrfbhD shsrwXskv ncnQhfl dlsqsYb. zfv k]fvf rstb, zfhC hfjXv,
mfv, mfb, zftD, kftrf, pchfv, zfcv vrmfb dhb zfI, nf'l dhb
zfn, nfl dhb pfl W zfhC hflfr dhb ufvGfr. (zfrmfl 1675,
dkvdmpD 3747, bfnf 8194bQ)

lwub nfrfhfv msLA swa rstb yfv JtDIf. dj yfv JtDIfv

msLA swa sj?
mrfbhD pJb rjft sKsj djft jvstb, kJb k]fv nhsysq
zfib dYstb jbAf Ifdkmf hQ k]fv lc ic rfnfb W nfb. k]fslv
dikf zftD , vnCt -v ufmfkf.
dkDq ufmfkf dYstb Nmfb . k]fv jfsY dYt vnCt -v lc
jbAf. ksh k]fv djfstv nmq sjfb jbAf uDdhkf dYstb bf.

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

23

p]fv hcsj mfKf svsJ k]fv djft rq, sn diaqkmf Dv dikf dYstb
zfhC hfjXv. wv mrfwq.
zbA j Dv dikf dYstb mfv. wv mrfwq.
mpGflfv dhyfsv bf sost nfLfvB mfbcN dhfdsk iVsk hfLA.
zfkDqkfv dbdsk dhyfv jvsk dosq Hct rWqf fHfdhj. zfv
rsqsYW kf. kf zsbsj dhshjfbcnfsv hQ djYc nkA-dmKAf
hBGbfbcnfsv iaKm JtDIfvsi zftD -sj dbhGfyb j'sv Kfsj.
pKfnmsq dbhGfysb JtDIf drnfsh ifw jsvb wv. dj k]fslv
djfstv ivhkGDjfstv dbhGfysb zsbsj ifw jvfsk yfq sn
ufmfkfsj, p]fv dbje vnCstv djfstv nmq hkGmfsb jbAf uDdhkf
vsqsY.
kfvf htsk yfq, nfrfhfoB zfhC hfjXvsj JtDIf dbhGfyb j'sv Hct
jsvsYb. k]fslv dhyfv Hct. zfmfslv dhyfv dEj! zftDsj dbhGfyb
jvf uvvD dYt.
dj dkrfn hst, rflDn hst, mrfbhD -v djfstv iChG mcrCskGv
bfmfpdtsk dkdb zfhC hfjXv dnDjsj `mfm' hfdbsq sosYb.
nckvfQ nfrfhfosBv dnf Hct dYt bf.
kfYfVf zftD jkGj
x hdBGk, mrfbhD hstsYb,
tYG 3 ! '8 0b t b
3O N C % <# 5YG > 8 ah 8 g % )
.(t >8a
zKGf{, bhD-vnCtslv iv zfhC hfjXv W mfv iChGfiv hx uffkDslv
nlGfv. (dkvdmpD 3665-3666, hsb mfufr 95, 100, kfhfvfbD iamcJ)
zfcfr dhb mfv hstb,
+ 8ah B 8g
8YG3
YM 3 M 3 G 8YG 3#
.78g3' q
M 3 I e G : ' (M @ h a h B
zKGf{, zfmvf bhD -v pcso swak dlkfm. nckvfQ zfhC hfjXvsj
swa oBA jvkfm. zk}iv mfv dhb Jffhsj, zk}iv Nmfb dhb
zfIXIfbsj. (hcJfvD 3655bQ)

24

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

zbA j hBGbfq zfsY, jKf bhD -v jfsY si]ZYst dkdb zfid

jvskb bf. (zfhC qAftf 5604bQ, dptftct uffr, zfthfbD 1193bQ)
mcrfmfl dhb rfbfdIqAfr (v}) hstb, zfdm zfmfv dikf zftD -sj
dufnf jvtfm, `vfnCtc fr -v isv nhGswa mfbcN sj?'
sv dkdb htstb, `zfhC hfjXv.'
zfdm httfm, `kfviv sj?'
dkdb htstb, `mfv.'
zk}iv zfmfv zfwf rt sp, viv dkdb `Nmfb' htshb. kf
zfdm dbsu sKsj httfm, `kfviv zfidb.'
dj dkdb htstb,
.(ta 4a N* E( !
)
zKGf{, zfdm skf mcndtmslv jub. (hcJfvD 3671bQ)
sJfl zftD hstsYb,
.(8$@a 5) P5 E ! 8ah 8 g M h M3 ^
Y @' 5) h M3[ ' )
zKGf{, zfmfv jfsY spb bf si]ZsY sp, sj zfmfsj zfhC hfjXv W
mfsvv iv swak dlsY. bsy{ zfdm kfsj zihfl slWqfv wfd
slshf. (ncfr zfhD zfsnm 1219bQ, Ifpfdqtcn nfrfhfr, zfrmfl 1/83)
hsb zffn hstb, mfvsj k]fv Jfse vfJf rt. stfsjvf k]fsj
jfIb ivft, k]fv ubA lczf jvsk tfot, k]fv iawQnf jvsk tfot.
k]fv ufbfpf rt. zk}iv k]fsj Efsbf rt. zfdm kfslv msLA
dYtfm. dkmsLA diYb sKsj zfmfv hfmCst Lsv zfmfsj j hAd
ymsj dlt. zfdm diYb dIsv kfdjsq sldJ, zftD. dkdb mfsvv ubA
vrmskv lczf jvstb hQ (k]fsj nsfLb j'sv) htstb, `zfidb
mb jfsj sYsV pfbdb, sp zfmfv dbje zfibfv yfsk shwD diaq
rsh, pfv mskf zfmt dbsq zfdm zffrv nfsK nf[f{ jvh. zffrv
jnm! zfdm LfvBf jvkfm sp, zffr zfibfsj zfibfv lc nDv
ns vfJshb. spsrkc zfdm zsbjhfv vfnCtc fr -sj htsk sbdY,

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

8 g %

E80 8 ah 8 g %

0 8ah 8 g %

25

. 8ah
zKGf{, zfdm, zfhC hfjXv W mfv tfm. zfdm, zfhC hfjXv W mfv
iashw jvtfm. zfdm, zfhC hfjXv W mfv shv rtfm.
ubA zfmfv zfwf W LfvBf sp, zffr zfibfsj Hsqv
ifsw vfJshb.' (hcJfvD 3685, mcndtm 6338bQ)
mrfb zffrv i[ sKsj k]fv jhv rsqsY, k]fv lc nfKDv ifsw.
vfnCtcfr W iaKm JtDIf zfhC hfjXv dnDj .

jcvzfb jfvDsm nfrfhfv iawQnfhfl

mrfb zffr jcvzfb jfvDsm nfrfhfhsoGv HCqnD iawQnf jsvsYb. sp
nialfqsj Dq bhDv nryvvsi dbhGfdyk jsvsYb, sn nialfsqv
mpGflf W mfrfkA hBGbf jsvsYb.
1. dkdb hstsYb,
BgG h % >8 % g' 3 h 5< % %g$] > B# 3 E I /#}

[:U86 { ]k5G<
zKGf{, Hfsh zfdm skfmfslvsj j mLAiD ufdkvsi iadkdk
jsvdY, pfsk skfmvf mfbh ufdkv ubA nf[Dvi rsk ifv hQ vnCt
skfmfslv ubA nf[Dvi rsh. (hfjfvfr } 143)
> wsv zfdHLfdbj zKG rt, mLAm. dj kf swa W nshGfm
zsKGW hAhrfv rq. zfv Jfsb (nshGfm) zsKG hAhrfv rsqsY.
zKGf{, spmb skfmfslvsj nshGfm djhtf slWqf rsqsY, zbcvi
skfmfslvsj nshGfm mkW jvf rsqsY hQ v swA rt, skfmvf
mfbcsNv ubA nf[A slsh.
mk nf[A slsh. zfv ubA > v zbchfl bAfqiDW jvf
rq. (hsb jfnDv)

26

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

wsv zfv jde zKG, mLAiDW jvf rq. zKGf{, msk

mcrfmflD rt mLAiD zKGf{, zdkvb W zhf sKsj kfvf idh.
zfv ef rt ntfsmv dw[f. sk zdkvb (sjfb djYcsj dbsq
hfVfhfdV) hQ zhf (sjfb dudbnsj kfv ipc mpGflf sKsj
sjhfsv bDsy bfmfsbfvW sjfb zhjfw) sb.
zfqfsk nsfLb pdlW nfvf mksj jvf rsqsY, khcW kf
zhkDBG rWqfv nmq iafKdmj ipGfsqv mk nfrfhfoB. iafKdmjHfsh
k]fvf swa, nshGfm, bAfqiD W mLAiD ufdk.
2. dkdb hstsYb,
% 3 \P 8 g3a h %<3P H8 a 8 2P 3 E80 8G0 B$3#}
[:8ah J] {
zKGf{, skfmvf swakm ufdk. mfbhmtDv ubA skfmfslv zHcAfb
rsqsY, skfmvf n{jfspGv dbslGGw lfb jvsh, zn{ jfpG (jvf sKsj)
dbsNL jvsh, zfv zffrsk dhhfn jvsh. (st mvfb } 110)
zfqfskW iafKdmjHfsh nfrfhfoB d, k]fvf swakm
mk.
3. dkdb hstsYb,
K % t3 \a NG > 8GA j $' 5< G P 5
%>8 _ S' }

43 ( ) {kW > B3<E W %P

zKGf{, zfv sp hAd kfv dbje n{iK iajfw rWqfv iv vnCstv
dhvfyvB jvsh hQ mc'dmbslv iK dH zbA iK zbcnvB jvsh,
kfsj zfdm sndlsj dIdvsq slh, spdlsj sn dIsv spsk yfq hQ
ufrffsm kfsj l jvh. zfv kf jk ml zfhfn! (dbnf } 115)
mrfb zffr `mc'dmbDb' kKf nfrfhfhsoGv iKsj k]fv iK kKf
shsrwXskv iK hst dbLGfvB jsvsYb hQ k]fslv iK YfVf zbA iKsj
slfpsJv iK hst nkjG jsvsYb.
4. dkdb hstsYb,

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

(| 4)? BC% P' / ( W b' 8E <a
I 5

27

% b %6 4 }

<G '5 0 ( < b< $,P 8OP 3E B< 5h 3h %|( B<3h

[: %$ { ]BGl %@
zKGf{, spnh mcrfduv W zfbnfv (mfb zfbqsb) zoahkDG hQ iaKm,
zfv spnh stfj nvt zsv kfslv zbcofmD, zffr kfslv iadk n
hQ kfvfW k]fsk n. dkdb kfslv ubA mb lAfbnmCr iak j'sv
svsJsYb, pfv ktslsw blDmftf iahfdrk; pfv msLA kfvf dyvfqDHfsh
zhfb jvsh, rt dhvfe nItkf. (kfWhfr } 100)
zfqfsk iaKm nfdvv nfrfhfhsoGv ubA mrfb zffr dbu nd
iajfw jsvsYb hQ k]fslv ubA ivjfst ncJmq hfnfb iak
svsJsYb. zfv kf rt mrf nfItA.
5. dkdb hstsYb,
B C I 8W J '/ NG > M 5C E 8E C %3 J '/ }

() {B* '8# ( *U8@[ B< 6L ) %3 \a

zKGf{, pfvf mfb sbsY, (Dsbv ubA slwkAfo) druvk jsvsY,
zffrv isK durfl jsvsY hQ pfvf (mcdmbslvsj) zfwaq lfb jsvsY
W nfrfpA jsvsY kfvf iajk
x mcdmb (dhhfnD). kfslv ubA vsqsY [mf
W nmfbubj uDdhjf. (bXIft } 74)
zfqfsk nfrfhfoBsj iajk
x W J]fde mfblfv hst zdHdrk jvf
rsqsY.
6. dkdb hstsYb,
U84 h > 7% P' / ( W b' 8E <a 3 h } + P 56 }
{B* G)( H
* (B< ! B<G h + P B B<3 _ '8 +% e'' # 5
zKGf{, zffr [mf jvstb bhDsj hQ mcrfduv W zfbnfvslvsj
pfvf nQje mcrCskG bhDv zbcofmD rsqdYt, mb dj pJb kfslv mLAjfv
j lstv zv h]fjf rWqfv im rsqdYt, kfviv zffr kfslvsj

28

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

[mf jvstb. db}nslsr zffr kfslv iadk hV snrwDt, ivm

jvBfmq. (kfWhfr } 117)
zfqfsk mrfb zffr ufdbsqsYb sp, dkdb nfrfhfhsoGv iadk hV
snrwDt W ivm jvBfmq.
7. dkdb hstsYb,
B<3 , ^
B<3a G h 5C h % 5- *E( t3 \a }
+)b U(%> () { '5 P % 5 8l$3'
zKGf{, mc'dmbslv msLA djYc zffrv ns kfslv jxk zDjfv iCvB
jsvsY, Wslv sj sj dbu jkGhA iCBGvsi nmfLf jsvsY hQ sj
sj iakD[fq vsqsY. Wvf kfslv t[A idvhkGb jsvdb. (rXpfh } 23)
mrfb zffrv i[ sKsj `mc'dmb' nbliaf rstb nfrfhfoB. dkdb
k]fslv zfyvsBv HCqnD iawQnfW jsvsYb.
8. dkdb hstsYb,
[:Na3 @ { ]-' / 7 h h > *5a, N }
zKGf{, ht, `nm iawQnf zffrv hQ kfv msbfbDk hflfslv iadk
wfd!---' (bfmXt } 59)
zfqfsk `msbfbDk hflf' rstb nfrfhfoB. p]fslvsj mrfb
zffr Dq bhDv nfryspGv ubA msbfbqb jsvsYb hQ k]fv Db
iayfsvv ubA bhDv nrspfoD W mD dbhGfyb jsvsYb. k]fslv iadk wfd,
k]fslv ubA dbvfif. k]fslv ubA wfddbsjkb ivjfst.
9. spmb mrfb zffr hstsYb,
5* W $6& B<3 4 @ 3] B* B<3a h 3G@-' / + $g 3( B}
5 h 3E () g N^ @ % C I

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5a,
6a

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

29

zKGf{, zk}iv zfdm zfmfv lfnslv msLA kfslvsj oasv zdLjfvD

jvtfm pfslvsj zfdm msbfbDk jsvdY; ksh kfslv sj dbsuv iadk
zkAfyfvD, sj dmkfyfvD hQ sj zffrv dbslGsw jtAfBjv jfsu
zoaofmD. de mrfzbcoar. kfvf iaashw jvsh fqD uffsk, spJfsb
kfslv BG-dbdmGk jB W mcf fvf ztQjxk jvf rsh hQ spJfsb
kfslv sifwfj-idvYl rsh svwsmv. kfvf htsh, `nm iawQnf
zffrv; dpdb zfmfslv lc}J-lclGwf lCvDHCk jsvsYb; dbyq zfmfslv
iadkiftj hV [mfwDt, BoafrD; dpdb dbu zbcoasr, zfmfslvsj fqD
zfhfn lfb jsvsYb; spJfsb zfmfslvsj sjfb iajfv sjw iwG jsv bf
hQ iwG jsv bf sjfb iajfv jfd.' (Ifdkv } 32-35)
10. dkdb hstsYb,
5O> #( BC8P B<3G a)( ( @g h 5
'/ %>( 5* a,& }
B< I %O&4 8 B<C%E

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jsEfv hQ dbsuslv msLA ivisvv iadk nrfbcHCdkwDt; kcdm
kfslvsj vjc W dnulfq zhbk zhfq zffrv zbcoar W nd
jfmbf jvsk slJsh. kfslv mcJmst dnulfv dyr Kfjsh, kfWvfsk
kfslv hBGbf vi hQ DstW. kfslv lxf jde yfvf ofY, pf
dboGk jsv djwtq, zk}iv kfsj w jsv hQ kf ic rq W lxPHfsh
jfsv iv l]fdVsq pfq, pf yfNDslvsj mc jsv. Hfsh (zffr
mc'dmbslv nmxd fvf) jfsIvslv zuGftf nxd jsvb. Wslv msLA pfvf
mfb vfsJ W n{jmG jsv, zffr kfslvsj iadkwadk dlsqsYb [mf W
mrf icvfsvv. (IfkXr } 29)
zfqfsk i sp, mrfb zffr Lc jcvzfsb mcrfmfl -v
nfKDslv iawQnf jsvsYb, kf bq. hvQ dkdb mCnf -v iadk zhkDBG

30

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

djkfh kfWvfsk hQ nf
-v iadk zhkDBG djkfh DstW
k]fslv iawQnf jsvsYb.
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dlsj skf kf]vf i dYstb. zk}iv nQJAfq hxd sisq k]fvf wdwftD
rb. spmb, Int iaKsm skf lchGt rq, kfviv dlsbv dlb nht rsk
Kfsj hQ Hfsh jdlb w jfsv iv lf]dVsq pfq.
zfv kf slsJ jfsIvvf zuGf tfv dwjfv rq. zKGf{, nfrfhfsq djvfm
slv dlsbv dlb iaHfh-iadkid, ht W wd hLGmfb rWqf jfsIvslv
ubA zuGftfv jfvB dYt. sjbbf, sk ntfsmv idvdL nianfdvk
hQ jcIXvDv idvnDmf nQjDBG rdYt.
zfqfskv dHdsk sjfb sjfb mfm nfrfhf slv iadk OxBf W
dhsN sifNBjfvDslvsj jfsIv oBA jsvsYb.
iCBG zfqfskv iaskAjde zQw nfrfhfsq djvfmslv mfrfkA,
IpDtk, zfsJvfskv [mf hQ kf]slv mrfb iadklfb tfsHv jKfsj
nci jsv. vivW nfrfhfslv mfsbv hAfifsv nslr sifNBjfvD
mcndtm rWqfv lfhD jvst kfsj kfv mcndtm rWqfv lfhDsk jDHfsh
`nkAhflD' hst smsb sbWqf spsk ifsv? (zfrnfbct hfqfb)

ncfr bhdhqAfrsk nfrfhfv iawQnfhfl

mrfbhD
sJfl dbu nfrfhfhsoGv iawQnf j'sv sosYb. dkdb
hstsYb, k]fv nfrfhfoB mskv dbvfif. zKGf{, k]fvf pkdlb
Kfjshb, kkdlb mk dbvfisl Kfjsh. zk}iv mk bfbf
dIkbfq uuGdvk rsh. pdlW sn dIkbf zfvH rq kxkDq JtDIf
Nmfb -v pfmfbfsk.
jlf dkdb zfjfswv dlsj mfKf kcst htstb,
,-b 3 5h%P a4 P %O&3 C ? a4 3 %O&3
P

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. 5h%'

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dbvfif. zfdm yst sost zfmfv nfrfhfv jfsY iadkwak dudbn sn
pfsh. zbcvi zfmfv nfrfhfhoG zfmfv mskv ubA dbvfif. nckvfQ
zfmfv nfrfhfhoG dhlfq dbst zfmfv mskv mfsU iadkwak dudbn
sn iVsh. (zfrmfl 19566, mcndtm 6629bQ)
nfrfhfosBv iddk dhuq tfsHv zbAkm jfvB. spmb k]fslv
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zffrv vnCt -sj lwGb jsvsY?' kfvf htsh, `r]Af.' nckvfQ kfslv
dhuq tfH rsh. zk}iv jde ufmfzfk pcs shv rsh. kfslvsj htf
rsh, `skfmfslv mfsU dj mb stfj zfsY, sp kfsj lwGb jsvsY, sp
zffrv vnCt -v n tfH jsvsY?' kfvf htsh, `r]Af.' nckvfQ
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jsvsY, sp zffrv vnCt -v nDv n tfH jsvsY?' kfvf htsh,
`r]Af.' nckvfQ kfslv dhuq tfH rsh. (hcJfvD 3649, mcndtm 6630bQ)
bhD -v isv nhGswa mfbcN rstb k]fv nfrfhfoB. sn jKfv nf[A
dlsq dkdb hstsYb,
.(B< % ' '/ B B< % ' '/ B M 8 3 8G0)
zKGf{, nhGswa stfj zfmfv wkfDv stfj. zk}iv kfslv
ivhkGDvf. zk}iv kfslv ivhkGDvf. (hcJfvD 2652, mcndtm 6635bQ)

32

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

nfrfhfv kAfo W dkdk[f zkctbDq. k]fvf Dsbv sp dJlmk jsvsYb,

sn dJlmskv sjfb kctbf sb. k]fvf sp jcvhfbD dlsqsYb, sn jcvhfbDv
sjfb bpDv sb. kf skf mrfbhD hstsYb,
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zfmfv nfrfhfsj ofdt dlsqf bf. spsrkc p]fv rfsk zfmfv ufb zfsY
k]fv jnm! pdl skfmfslv sj l ihGknm BG hAq jsv khcW kf
kfslv jfsvf mcX (625 oafm) hvQ zLGm
c X idvmfsiW si]ZYsh bf.
(hcJfvD 3673, mcndtm 6651bQ)

zfhC zfcv vrmfb ucrfbD hstb, jlf zfmvf vfnCtc fr -v

dbje hsn dYtfm. mb nmq lc ub zfsvfrD slJf sot. zffrv vnCt
htstb, Wvf (qfmfsbv) djlD mfpdruD.
kfvf k]fv dbje idk rt. slJf sot kfvf mfpdru sofsv lc
stfj. zk}iv kfslv jub k]fv dbjehkGD rsq hfqzfk jvsk
sot. nckvfQ pJb sn k]fv rfk Lvt, kJb htt, `sr zffrv vnCt!
zfidb jD msb jsvb? sp zfibfsj slJt, zfibfv iadk mfb zfbt,
zfibfv zbcnvB jvt hQ zfibfv nkAfqb jvt, kfv ubA jD?'
dkdb htstb,
.( %~)
zKGf{, ncnQhfl hf ncsJv uDhb sn hAdv ubA.
kfviv sn k]fv rfk iwG j'sv nsv sot. zk}iv dkDq hAd sn
k]fv rfsk hfqzfk jvsk sot. nckvfQ pJb sn k]fv rfk Lvt, kJb
htt, `sr zffrv vnCt! zfidb jD msb jsvb? sp zfibfv iadk mfb
zfbt, zfibfv zbcnvB jvt hQ zfibfv nkAfqb jvt, dj
zfibfsj slJsk sit bf, kfv ubA jD?'
sv dkdb htstb,
.( %~ B
%~ B
%~)

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

33

zKGf{, ncnQhfl hf ncsJv uDhb sn hAdv ubA. zk}iv ncnQhfl hf

ncsJv uDhb sn hAdv ubA. zk}iv ncnQhfl hf ncsJv uDhb sn
hAdv ubA.
kfviv sn k]fv rfk iwG j'sv nsv sot. (zfrmfl 17388, kfhfvfbDv
jfhDv 742, dn} nrDrfr 1241bQ)

nfrfhfv iK Dsbv iK. sp dhNsq bhD -v kvDjf i bq, sn

dhNsq nfrfhfv kvDjf rt wvDqk. zfv pfvf sn iK W kvDjfq jfsqm
Kfjsh, kfvf rsh lcdbqfq nfrfpAiaf hQ zfsJvfsk mcdiaf.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
a 7/C !t > G$3 h % 8$ + $g NC Bg
!
C 3O

U5 ) ( 3

% > $3 t > q h 8$@$>

. h aO
swfsbf! skfmfslv iCshG sp djkfhLfvD ufdk dYt kfvf 72 dIjGfq
dhH rsqdYt. zfv mk dhH rsh 73 dIjGfq; slv msLA
72de dIjGfr rsh ufrffmD zfv jde mf uffkD. zfv dIjGfde rt
(zfrst) ufmfzfk. (zfrmfl 12479, zfhC lfl 4599, hsb mfufr
3993bQ)

djYc hBGbfq zfsY, ltde rt sn stfjslv, pfvf zfmfv hQ

zfmfv nfrfhfhsoGv mkflswG jfsqm Kfjsh. (rfsjm 444, kfhfvfbDv
zfWnfk 7840bQ)

ubA njt dIjGf sKsj dbsusj mc sOfNBf jvfv ubA htsk rq

`nftfID'. sjht `mcndtm' htst iajk
x mcndtm dj bf, kf hcUf pfq bf.
spsrkc mcndtm bfmLfvD mcbfdIj zfsY, mcwdvj zfsY, wDqD zfsY,
JfsvuD zfsY, dhlzfkD zfsY, zfsvf jsf dIjGfv stfj zfsY. Ifft
mcfzfb.

34

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

nfrfhfv hAfifsv ntIslv hfBD

nfrfhfsq djvfm
ntIslv lxdsk nmfbfrG dYstb. mCtk}
mdBmcfv jlv mdBjfv ufsb hQ BG sysb BGjfv. kf k]fslv
zsbsj nfrfhfv hAfifsv mCtAhfb mhA jsv sosYb.
mskv idk W jcvzfsbv hAfJAfkf zfcfr dhb zffn
hstsYb,
`zffr uff nfbf zkfjffnfk zfnmfr dhswNHfsh k]fv bhD
-sj mb nryv lfb jsvsYb, p]fvf dbsuslv ufb-mfstv isv
k]fsj iafLfbA dlsqsYb. nhGfhfq k]fv ncv[fq dbsuslv uDhb [q
jsvsYb. p]fslv B hBGbf jsv zffr dbu djkfsh hstsYb,
M BC aG > k% |( Y ^ % [$ ' k5O> k #( BC8P B<3G a)(}
8 0 ( # N G? M B< U(%$ M B< I %O&4 8 Y B<C%E

5 h@ ( g B< G[G &( VO ' %> h %$> [$> 7( 72

$@ U(%> () { ak Glh 8k E U 8@[ B<3 , W % ah %3 J '/
zKGf{, kfvf dbsuslv msLA ivisvv iadk nrfbcHCdkwDt; kcdm
kfslvsj vjc W dnulfq zhbk zhfq zffrv zbcoar W nd
jfmbf jvsk slJsh. kfslv mcJmst dnulfv dyr Kfjsh, kfWvfsk
kfslv hBGbf vi hQ DstW. kfslv lxf jde yfvf ofY, pf
dboGk jsv djwtq, zk}iv kfsj w jsv hQ kf ic rq W lxPHfsh
jfsv iv l]fdVsq pfq, pf yfNDslvsj mc jsv. Hfsh (zffr
dhwfnDslv nmxd fvf) zdhwfnDslv zuGftf nxd jsvb. Wslv msLA
pfvf dhwfn jsv W n{jmG jsv, zffr kfslvsj iadkwadk dlsqsYb
[mf W mrf icvfsvv. (IfkXr } 29)
k]fvf Dsbv iakDjnmCr iadkf jsvsYb. zfiafB syf dlsq mcndtmslv
drkfjf[D rsqsYb. idvswsN Dsbv iKnmCr ncdhbA rsqsY hQ kfv
mfLAmnmCr ncnQrk rsqsY. zffrv nilnmCr dhjfw tfH jsvsY,
k]fv Db dvkfiaf rsqsY hQ kfv dblwGbfhtD i rsq sEsY.

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

35

(zffr) k]fslv mfLAsm dwjGsj tfdk jsvsYb, kfv mjnmCrsj

dbdyr jsvsYb, kfv nrfqj hnmCrsj dhtDb jsv dlsqsYb hQ
zffrv jfstmf nck rsqsY. zfv jfsIvslv jfstmf rsqsY
zhbk.
nckvfQ zffrv jvBf, vrmk W hjGk srfj sn dh iafB W idh
nmck zfkfnmCsrv iv. spsrkc k]fvf dbsuslv uDhwfq zffrv
hc dYstb hQ mvsBv isvW k]fvf uDdhk vsqsYb. zffrv hflfslv
ubA k]fvf Hfjf[D dYstb. zfsJvfsk si]ZYsbfv iCshG k]fvf snJfsb
ifdV dlsqsYb hQ lcdbqfsk zhfb jsvW k]fvf snJfb rsk iafb
jsvsYb.' (mcvucp pfrfh 1/371)
zfcfr dhb mfnl
hstb, `zffr hflfosBv zvnmCsr
lxdifk jvstb, kfsk dkdb mcrfmfslv zvsj hflfosBv zvnmCr
zsi[f swa sistb. nckvfQ dkdb k]fsj dbsuv ubA (hc) dbhGfyb
jvstb hQ k]fv lCk drnfsh siavB jvstb. zk}iv icbvfq dkdb
mcrfmfl YfVf zbA njt hflfosBv zvnmCsr lxdifk jvstb, kfsk
dkdb mcrfmfslv nfrfhfslv zvnmCrsj hflfosBv zvnmCr zsi[f
swa sistb. nckvfQ dkdb k]fslvsj k]fv dbu bhDv mD hfbfstb, p]fvf
k]fv Dsbv ubA nQoafm jvshb. nckvfQ mcndtm (nfrfhf)oB spefsj
Hfstf msb jsvb, snef zffrv dbje Hfstf. zfv k]fvf spef ml msb
jsvb, snef zffrv dbje ml.' (zfrmfl 3600, wfvn ncfr hfofhD
1/214-215)

mrfb zffr hstsYb,

K % t3 \a NG > 8GA j $' 5<

GP 5

%>8 _ S' }

43 ( ) {kW > B3<E W %P

zKGf{, zfv sp hAd kfv dbje n{iK iajfw rWqfv iv vnCstv
dhvfyvB jvsh hQ dhhfnDslv iK dH zbA iK zbcnvB jvsh,
kfsj zfdm sndlsj dIdvsq slh, spdlsj sn dIsv spsk yfq hQ
ufrffsm kfsj l jvh. zfv kf jk ml zfhfn! (dbnf } 115)

36

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

zfcfr dhb mfnl zfsvf hstb, `nfhLfb! skfmfslv sj spb

dbu Dsbv hAfifsv sjfb hAdv mb z zbcjvB bf jsv sp, sn
mfsbv jfu jvst snW jvsh, bsy{ sn jcIvD jvst snW jvsh. hvQ
pdl skfmfslv z zbcjvB jvf uvvD rq, kfrst skfmvf
ivstfjok mfbcsNv (bhD W nfrfhfslv) zbcjvB jv. jfvB uDdhk
hAdv hAfifsv dIkbfv dbvfif sb.' (tftjf 1/93, 130bQ,
mfumfp pfWqfl, rfNfmD 1/180)

dkdb zfsvf hstb, `sp hAd jfsj zflwG hfbfsk yfq, sn spb
vfnCtcfr -v nfrfhfhxlsj dbsuv zflwG hfbfq. jfvB k]fvf
zsvv dlj sKsj mskv nhGswa. tsm nhsysq ncoHDv W
`kfjfcI' (jjibfq) zdk jm. k]fvf mb j nialfq, p]fslvsj
zffr k]fv bhDv nfryspGv ubA msbfbDk jsvdYstb. skfmvf k]fslv
zdLjfv Djfv jv. jfvB k]fvf dYstb nvt W ndEj isKv idKj.'
(vfpDb, dmwjfk 193bQ, zffmf zfthfbDv msk de pqDI, dj v zKG nrDr)

zbcvi hstsYb zfcfr dhb mfv , `sp hAd jfsj zflwG

hfbfsk yfq, sn spb mxkslvsj dbsuv zflwG hfbfq. k]fvf rstb
mcrfmfl -v nfrfhf. k]fvf mskv nhGswa. rlsq nhsysq
n{wDt, tsm nhsysq ncoHDv W `kfjfcI' (jjibfq) zdk jm.
k]fvf mb j nialfq, p]fslvsj zffr k]fv bhDv nfryspGv ubA hQ
k]fv Db hrsbv ubA msbfbDk jsvdYstb. nckvfQ skfmvf k]fslv ydv
W dbqm-bDdksk nflxwA zhtb jv. spsrkc k]fvf mcrfmfl -v
nryv. k]fvf dYstb nvt ncisKv iv. (drtXqfkct zfdtqf 1/305-306)
zfhc nfJXv mfl dhb dpqfl hstb, zfdm mcrfmfl dhb jf'h
jcvfpDsj httfm, `vfnCtc fr -v nfrfhf ns zfmfsj htcb,
zfnst zfdm (k]fslv mfsU) dIkbfv hAfifsv ufbsk yfdY.'
dkdb htstb, `dbyq mrfb zffr Dq djkfsh bhD -v nm
nfrfhfsj [mf j'sv dlsqsYb hQ k]fslv ubA uffk ncdbdyk j'sv
dlsqsYb; k]fslv msLA n{wDtslv ubA hQ k]fslv ubAW p]fslv fvf
djYc de Ose sosY.'

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

37

zfdm httfm, `djkfshv sjfbX ufqofq zffr k]fslv ubA uffk

ncdbdyk j'sv dlsqsYb?'
dkdb htstb, `kcdm dj iV bf,
(| 4)? BC% P' / ( W b' 8E <a % b %6 4 }
I 5

<G '5 0 ( < b< $,P 8OP 3E B< 5h 3h %|( B<3h

[: %$ { ]BGl %@
zKGf{, zfv spnh mcrfduv W zfbnfv (mfb zfbqsb) zoahkDG hQ
iaKm, zfv spnh stfj Hfstfv nfsK kfslv zbcofmD, zffr kfslv iadk
n hQ kfvfW k]fsk n. dkdb kfslv ubA mb lAfbnmCr iak
j'sv svsJsYb, pfv ktslsw blDmftf iahfdrk; pfv msLA kfvf
dyvfqDHfsh zhfb jvsh, rt dhvfe nItkf. (kfWhfr } 100)
bhD -v njt nfrfhfv ubA uffk W nd ncdbdyk j'sv
dlsqsYb. dj kfshbslv hAfifsv jde wkGsvfi jsvsYb, pf k]fslv
hAfifsv jsvbdb.'
zfdm httfm, `kfshbslv hAfifsv jD wkG zfsvfi jsvsYb?'
dkdb htstb, ` wkG sp, k]fvf Hfstfv nfsK k]fslv zbcomb
jvshb. k]fslv Hfstf jfsu k]fvf k]fslv zbcnvB jvshb hQ YfVf
zbA jfsu k]fslv zbcnvB jvshb bf.'
zfhc fJXv hstb, `zfdm spb zfqfk dkiCshG ifE jdvdb hQ
mcrfmfl dhb jf'h jcvfpDv isV swfbfsbfv zfso zfdm kfv hAfJAfW
hcUsk ifdvdb.' (Ifkt jflDv 2/581, zflX-lcvG t mfbNCv 4/272)
zfqch nfJdkqfbD hstb, `sp hAd zfhC hfjXvsj Hfstfhfnt, sn Db
iadkf jvt. sp mfvsj Hfstfhfnt, sn iK i jvt. sp hAd
Nmfbsj Hfstfhfnt, sn zffrv zfstfsj zfstfdjk rt. sp hAd
zftDsj Hfstfhfnt, sn muhck rfkt LfvB jvt. zfv sp hAd
vfnCtcfr -v nfrfhfv hAfifsv Hfstf jKf htt, sn mcbfdIjD sKsj
mc rsq sot.' (zft-dhlfqfr zbX-dbrfqfr 8/13)
mfm mfstj dhb zfbfn hstsYb, `sp hAd bhD -v sjfb
nfrfhDsj OxBf jvsh hQ k]fv iadk rlsq dhsN sifNB jvsh, sn

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

38

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

hAdv ubA mcndtmslv `If' (dhbf pcs t nil) sjfb zdLjfv

sb.'
zk}iv dkdb zfqfkdt ifE jvstb,
$G 86 / % >8 86 NC
%>( h }
% >8 B# PJ Bg3 G3A2 G %g' M# NG 4 t# 4a

8 6@ () + 6 5'5
% |(}

% 6P %<$

q ^ % [$ ' B< % BC( '

3h B# <

7/

% E80 '/ ' 8E <a

Fx( 5 % P '/ ( ) % W BC I %>( } 8W3'

8\ ' % P a E ) BC(5- M 5O' B<G ! 8E C

%&,' B<

() % , @ a B C I 2 4@ %' - W0 B< # % B<4@

Fx

%6 > '/ 3 %0x 3 8@A 3 ( % %6' BC5

E '/

8ST U(%>() {B* G)( H

* (I ! 3 ( %3 J '/ qL A 3 % M N OP
zKGf{, zffr ubilhfnDslv dbje rsk kf]v vnCtsj (dhbf pcs)
sp nil dlsqsYb, kf zffrv, vnCstv, (k]fv) zfkDqosBv hQ
qfkDm, zHfhoa W mcnfdIvslv ubA, pfsk skfmfslv msLA pfvf
Lbhfb wcLc kfslv msLA Lb-mft zfhkGb bf jsv. zfv vnCt
skfmfslvsj pf slb, kf skfmvf oarB jv hQ pf rsk skfmfslvsj
dbsNL jsvb, kf rsk dhvk Kfj. skfmvf zffrsj Hq jv. dbyq
zffr wfd lfsb jsEfv. ( nil) zHfhoa mcrfduv (LsmGv ubA
slwkAfoD)slv ubA, pfvf dbsuslv Ov-hfVD W nid rsk hdrjk
x
rsqsY; kfvf zffrv zbcora W nd jfmbf jsv hQ zffr W kf]v
vnCtsj nfrfpA jsv. kfvf skf nkAfwaqD. zfv (mcrfduvslv
zfomsbv) iCshG pfvf bovD (mlDbf)sk hnhfn jsvsY W dhwfn fib
jsvsY, kfvf mcrfduvslvsj Hfthfsn hQ mcrfduvslvsj pf slWqf
rsqsY, kfv ubA kfvf zsv NGf sifNB jsv bf, hvQ dbsuvf zHfhoa
rstW kfvf (kfslvsj) dbsuslv iv iafLfbA slq. zfv pfslvsj dbu
zfkfv jfiGBA rsk mc vfJf rsqsY, kfvf nItjfm. pfvf kfslv isv

39

snsY kfvf hst, `sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfmfslvsj hQ dhwfsn

zoaBD zfmfslv fkfslvsj [mf jv hQ mcdmbslv dhvs zfmfslv
zsv drQnf-dhsN svsJf bf. sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! kcdm skf lqflaG,
ivm lqftc.' (rfwXv } 7-10, wfvn ncfr, hfofhD 1/229)
zfhC uf'Iv kfrfhD k]fv zfjDlfq hstsYb, `zfmvf vfnCtcfr -v
nfrfhfsj Hfstfhfdn. k]fslv Hfstfhfnfq zdkvb jdv bf hQ jfsvf
nfsK nijGrDbkf iajfw jdv bf. zfmvf kfsj OxBf jdv, sp k]fslvsj
OxBf jsv hQ Hfstf YfVf zsbAv nfsK k]fslv jKf zfstfybf jsv.
zfmvf Hfstfv nfsK k]fslv jKf sJ jdv. k]fslvsj Hfstfhfnf Db,
mfb W rnfb. zfv k]fslvsj OxBf jvf jcIvD, mcbfdIjD W
nDmftQOb.' (wfvt zfjDlfr zfkX-kfrfdhqAfr 528ix})

bhD

-v iadk nfrfhfv Hfstfhfnf W

zfbcoskAv jdkiq bmcbf

mrfb zffrv jcm dYt,

() {Bg ah % P % >8 % G~

% G~ %3 J '/ }' '&<

5a U(%>
zKGf{, sr mc'dmboB! skfmvf zffrv zfbcokA jv hQ vnCstv
zfbcokA jv, zfv skfmfslv jmGnmCr dhb jsvf bf. (mcrfmfl } 33)
{ G- U 8g 7%,Y4P 78K %P 7(Y P %>(
%3 \$ }
zKGf{, pfsk skfmvf zffr W kf]v vnCstv iadk dhwfn fib jv,
kfsj nfrfpA jv W nmfb jv hQ njft-nAfq zffrv idhkf W
mdrmf sOfNBf jv. (IfkXr } 9)
kf sn mc'dmbvf k]fv ubA rsq sostb dbshdlk iafB. k]fvf k]fv
zbcjvB W zfbcokA jvskb, k]fsj iafBfdLj shdw Hfstfhfnskb. k]fv
zfbcoskA `sjb' iaw jvskb bf. k]fv zfslw W dbsNL iftb jvsk
sjfb jfvB sJ]fufv syf jvskb bf. sn iftsb sjfb dLf Kfjk bf,
sjfb jcf Kfjk bf. k]fv zbcjvsBv nhef mtmq--- jKf dhwfn

40

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

jvskb k]fvf.
jlf dkdb snfbfv smfrv-zcvDq (zfQde) kvD jvstb. kf slsJ
k]fvfW SkvD jsv hAhrfv jvsk tfostb. zk}iv dkdb kf sIst dlsq
htstb, zfdm zfv sjfbdlb kf hAhrfv jvh bf. kf slsJ k]fvfW
dbu dbu zfQde sIst dlstb. (hcJfvD 7298bQ)
jlf bfmfp iVsk iVsk duhvDt
mfvI{ mrfbhD
k]fv
uckfq bfifjD stso Kfjfv nQhfl sist dkdb kf Jcst sIst hfm dlsj
vfJstb. kf slsJ nfrfhfoB njst dbu dbu uckf Jcst sItstb.
bfmfp swsN dkdb k]fslv sswA htstb, skfmfslvsj skfmfslv uckf
Jcst sItsk sj c jvt? k]fvf htstb, `zfmvf slJtfm, zfidb
zfibfv uckf Jcst sIstsYb, kf zfmvfW zfmfslv uckf Jcst
sIttfm.' dkdb htstb, duhvDt zfmfsj Jhv dlstb sp, kfsk
bfifjD stso zfsY (kf zfdm Jcst sIstdYtfm. skfmfslv uckfq
bfifjD bf Kfjst kf Jcst sItf uvvD dYt bf.) (zfhC lfl, lfsvmD,
dmwjfk 766bQ)

Hd W zbcjvsBv k zfoar k]fslv rlsq dYt sp, sp dhNsq kf

dhsLq bq, sn dhNsqW kf]vf k]fv zbcjvB jvskb.
ncfrv drjmk W spZdjkf hcsU bf stW nfrfhfoB kf iftb
jvsk jcfshfL jvskb bf. sjht Hdv nfsK k]fv zbcjvB jsv
spskb k]fvf. jlf mfv rfufsv zfnWqflsj ycb slWqfv nmq
hstdYstb, `zffrv jnm! zfdm skfmfsj ycmf dldY. zKy zfdm ufdb
sp, kcdm sjfb ijfv jvsk ifv bf, zijfvW bf. ksh pdl zfdm
zffrv vnCt -sj ycb dlsk bf slJkfm, kfrst zfdm skfmfsj ycb
dlkfm bf.' (hcJfvD, mcndtm 1270bQ)
mrfbhD -v zfslw iftb jvfv ubA nfrfhfoB hAdkhA rsq
iVskb. Hd W nmDrsk idviCBG k]fv sp sjfb dbslGw mfbsk k{iv
rsq Eskb. jlf zffrv bhD
Jckhf dldYstb. mb nmq
zfcfr dhb mfnl mndusl stb. dkdb njtsj hnsk zfslw
jvst kf sb hsb mfnl lvufv isv hsn sostb. kf slsJ
bhD k]fsj htstb, (dHksv) n sr zfcfr dhb mfnl! (zfhC

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

41

lfl 1091bQ, rfsjm 1/423, hfrfjD 3/218)

mrfbhD -v ns j hAd zfnsvv bfmfp isV jdkiq

zfbnfvslv dbje dlsq ifv rsq pfdYstb. dkdb kfslvsj hfkct
mfjslsnv dlsj mcJ jsv bfmfp iVsk slsJ jnm sJsq htstb sp,
`dkdb bhD -v ns bfmfp isV zfnsYb, zfv (djhtf idvhkGb
jsv) bhD -v mcJ jf'hfv dlsj dIdvsq slWqf rsqsY. k]fvf
nQhfl sb zfnsvv bfmfspv vjcv zhfsk jf'hfv dlsj Ocsv
iVstb. (hcJfvD 40bQ)
k]fv jKfsj nfrfhfoB mb dhwfn jvskb sp, bf slsJ k]fv nis[
nfd[ dlskb. jlf mrfbhD nfWqf dhb jfn mcrfsvhD shlcsbv
dbje sKsj jde sOfVf djbstb. dj sn dhsqv jKf zDjfv jsv
hQ hst, kcdm pdl zfmfv jfsY sOfVf djsbY, kfrst nf[D idk
jv. jKf sb Jcpfmfr dhb nfshk nfrfhD k]fv nis[ nfd[ dlsq
htstb, sOfVf skfmfv dbje sKsj db JvDl jsvsYb. bhD
k]fsj htstb, kcdm skf zfmfslv sOfVf q-dhsqv nmq idk dYst
bf, kfrst nfd[ dlst jDHfsh? dkdb htstb, zfidb pf hstb, kfsk
zfdm zfibfsj nkAhflD hst ufdb. zfsvf ufdb sp zfidb jJsbf dmKAf
htshb bf.' mrfbhD
htstb, sp hAdv nis[ zKhf dhis[
Jcpfmfr nfd[ slsh, nfd[v ubA sn jf psK. zfv kJb sKsj
k]fv ifdL isV sot `Fht nfd[-Wqftf' nfrfhD. (zfhC lfl 3607,
bfnf 4661bQ, kfhfvfbD, rfsjm 2/22, hfrfjD 10/146)

mbdj ifdKGh hAfifsvW k]fvf ivm Hdv nfsK k]fv jKfv zbcnvB
jvskb. jlf dkdb nfrfhfslvsj slJstb, k]fvf sJucv smfYfv ivfodmtb nfLb jvsYb; zKGf{, mflf ofsYv smfYf dbsq mflD ofsYv smfYfv
nfsK sh]sL dlsYb. dkdb htstb, zfmfv msb rq vi jvfsk sjfb
tfH sb. vi bf jvstW sJucv Itsh. k]fv mhA sb
nfrfhfoB kf kAfo jvstb. dj sJucv Itfv nmq slJf sot, sJucv
idvic rqdb; Ist kfv ItbW Hfstf rqdb. dkdb kf slsJ htstb,
jD hAfifv, skfmfslv sJucsvv Itb sb sjb? k]fvf htstb,
spsrkc zfidb ivfo-dmtb Oefsk dbsNL jsvdYstb, snsrkc kf bf

42

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

jvfv Ist Itb jm rsqsY. dkdb htstb, zfdm Wef LfvBf j'sv
hstdYtfm. skfmvf skfmfslv ifdKGh dhNq nisjG zdLj fb vfJ.
zkh kf Hfstf rst, skfmvf kf jvsk ifv. (mcndtm 23612363bQ)

sp nfLfvB Jfhfv mrfbhD sJsk HfstfshsnsYb, sn Jfhfv k]fv

mrsk sJsq k]fv nck iftb jsvsYb nfrfhfoB. jD ziChG zbcjvB W
zbcnvsBv bpDv svsJ sosYb k]fvf!
jlf j Jfhfsvv mudtsn zfbfn
mrfbhD -sj tf v]fLf
sJsk iYl jvsk slJstb. zfv kJb sKsj dkdb dbsu tf sJsk
Hfthfnsk tfostb. (zfrmfl, dntdntfr nrDrfr 5/163)
mb dj nfrfhD zfcfr dhb mfv zffrv vnCt -v bfmfspv
ufqof J]csu sn ufqofq bfmfp iVskb. dkdb sp ofsYv dbsy dhwafm
dbsqsYb, sn ofsYv dbsy dkdbW dhwafm dbskb hQ sn ofY pfsk mfvf
bf pfq kfv ubA kfv sofVfq ifdb dlskb. (ncltc ofhfr 3/341, dnqfv
zf'tfmcb bchftf 3/213)

k]fv zfyvsB bhDv zbcnvB slJst msb rskf dkdb jub ifot
stfj. (dnqfv zf'tfmcb bchftf 3/213)
nfrfhDoB pJb mrfbhD -v dbje sKsj djYc huGb jvfv zfslw
bskb, kJb stfHbDq rstW kf dhbf dLfq nkv huGb jvskb.
zfbfn hstb, Jfqhfsvv dlb vnCtc fr -v dbje uSbj hAd
sn htt, ofLfdtsj sJsq sbWqf rsY! vfnctc fr yci Kfjstb.
dkDq hfv icbvfq sn htt, `ofLfdt sJsq sbWqf rsY.' dkdb
yci Kfjstb. kxkDq hfv sn htt, `ofLfdt swN jsv slWqf rsY.'
zk}iv bhD jub sOfNBfjfvDsj jKf sOfNBf jvfv zfslw
jvstb, zffr kfzftf W k]fv vfnCt skfmfslvsj oxrifdtk ofLfv
sofX sJsk dbsNL jvsYb.
sOfNBf swfbfmf Ice r]fdVv sofX mfdesk sTst slWqf rt. (hcJfvD
4199bQ)

ml pJb rfvfm jvf rt, kJb nfrfhfoB mslv hV hV if sHs

dlstb hQ sjfb sjfb if sKsj ml sTst sIst dlstb. zfv kfv

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

43

Ist mlDbfv odtsk ml iahfdrk rt. (hcJfvD, mcndtm 1980bQ)

zk}iv sn zHAfnok sbwfv dudbn zfv sj H[B jvstb bf.
hsb zffn
hstb, jlf zffrv vnCt j hAdv rfsk
snfbfv zfQde slJstb. dkdb kfv rfk rsk kf Jcst Ycs] V sIst dlstb
hQ htstb, skfmfslv sj dj Yfjxk slfpsJv zffvsj rfsk
dbsq hAhrfv jsv?
zk}iv bhD
yst sost stfjdesj htf rt, `skfmfv zfQdeef
jcdVsq dbsq zbA jfsu tfofW. (zKhf kf dhq jsv mCtAef jfsu
tfofW.)' dj stfjde htt, `zffrv jnm! zfdm zfv j[sbf kf
oarB jvh bf, pf zffrv vnCt
Ycs] V sIst dlsqsYb. (mcndtm
2090bQ)

zfQdeef jcdVsq kf dhd jsv kfv mCtA jfsu tfofsbfsk zKhf

zfkDq mdrtfsj slWqfsk sjfb sofbfr dYt bf. khcW nfrfhD vnCt
-v kf'pDsm kf oarB jvstb bf.
jlf zfhC ucrfIf
mrfbhD -v nfmsb sTjcv kctst dkdb
k]fsj htstb, zfmfslv nfmsb skfmfv sTjcv skftf h jv. ifdKGh
uDhsb sp shwD idvkx rq, djqfmskv dlsb sn shwD [cLfkG rsh.
rflDn swfbfv iv dkdb mvBjft ipG sjfbdlb sie icsv Jfbf Jfbdb.
dkdb vfskv Jfhfv sJst, lcicsvv Jfhfv sJskb bf hQ lcicsvv Jfhfv
sJst zfv vfskv Jfhfv sJskb bf. (zft-dzfh 4/1620, nclct ofhfr
4/400)

jlf mrfbhD
htstb, skfmvf `nWsm dhnft' (IkfvD bf
j'sv jefbf svfpf vfJf) sKsj lCsv Kfj. jKf dkdb 3 hfv
icbvfhxd jvstb. nfrfhfoB htstb, `dj sr zffrv vnCt! zfidb
skf dhnft jsv Kfsjb?' dkdb htstb, hAfifsv skfmvf zfmfv
mskf bW. jfvB, zfdm vfd pfib jdv, zfv zfmfv iadkiftj zfmfsj
ifbfrfv jdvsq Kfsjb. nckvfQ skfmvf sn zfmt jvsk c rW, pf
jvsk skfmvf n[m. (hcJfvD 1966, mcndtm 1103bQ, iamcJ)
Lc icvNvf bq; hvQ mdrtfvfW mrfbhD -v zbcnvsBv zfuh
zfuh lxf W bmcbf svsJ sosYb. k]fvfW iamfB jsvsYb sp, zffrv

44

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

vnCt -v zfslw iftsb kecjc slvD, msbv dHksv sjfb dLfnQsjfy, sjb-dj hf sjfb iajfsvv oqQoY ytsh bf.
j nmq icvN W mdrtfslvsj j ns ifwfifdw vffq ytsk slsJ
bhD hstdYstb, sr mdrtfoB! skfmvf didYsq pfW. isKv mLAHfso
ytf skfmfslv ubA nmDyDb bq; hvQ skfmvf isKv j ifw dlsq
ytfyt jv. smsqvf ns ns slWqft sOsN ytsk zfvH jvt.
mb dj kfvf mbHfsh slWqft sOsN ytsk tfot sp, kfv Ist
kfslv slsrv idvdrk jfiV slWqfst zfesj spsk tfot! (zfhc lfl
5272bQ)

jlf uSbj mdrtf kfv jbAfsj ns jsv vfnctc fr -v dbje

idk rt. kfv smsqv rfsk lc Jfbf snfbfv smfef hftf dYt. kf slsJ
bhD htstb, kcdm v pfjfk ialfb jv dj? sn htt, `bf.' dkdb
htstb, kfrst kcdm dj iYl jv sp, lc Jfbf hftfv idvhskG
djqfmskv dlb zffr skfmfsj zfsbv kdv lc Jfbf hftf idvLfb
jvfshb?
ns ns mdrtfde hftf lcde Jcst vfnctc fr -v nfmsb svsJ dlsq
htt, ` hftf lc Jfbf zffr W k]fv vfncstv ubA.' (zfhc lfl 1563,
bfnf)

Hfstfhfnfv bhDsj k]fvf nhGlf syfsJ-syfsJ vfJskb. [dBsjv ksv

sjfKfW zlxwA rst k]fvf do rskb, k]fv dhilfwfq lcdyfoa rskb,
k]fv sJ]fu v jvskb.
zfhC vfvf hstb, jlf zfmvf zffrv vnCt -v yfdvifsw
hsndYtfm. zfmfslv nfsK zfhC hfjXv W mfv (vfdpqff zfbmf) kKf
zbAfbA nfrfhDoBW dYstb. kAhfq vfnCtc fr zfmfslv mfU sKsj
sE (hfsv) yst sostb. pJb dkdb dIsv zfnsk sldv j'sv dlstb,
kJb zfmfslv zfwQjf rt sp, zfmfslv zbciddksk dkdb (w)
jhdtk bf rb. lcdyfq zfmvf OfhsV sotfm hQ sE iVtfm.
k]fslv msLA zfdm nhGiaKm OfhsV dosqdYtfm. nckvfQ zfdm vfnCtc fr
-v nfsb shdvsq iVtfm. swN ipG zfdm zfbnfvslv hbC
bffsvv jde hfofsb si]ZsY kfv ykcdlGsj Ocvsk tfotfm, pdl sjfb

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

45

(iashw) lvuf if. dj kfv sjfb (iashw) lvuf sitfm bf. rEf{
slJtfm hfsvv jde jcqf sKsj nv bftf hfofsbv dHksv yst sosY.
zfdm snJfb dlsq uVnV rsq hfofsbv msLA Tcsj iVtfm. (slJtfm,)
zffrv vnCt snJfsb idk. dkdb hst Estb, zfhC vfvf?
zfdm httfm, `uD r]Af, sr zffr vnCt!' dkdb htstb, jD hAfifv
skfmfv? zfdm httfm, `zfidb zfmfslv msLA idk dYstb. dj
zjmf{ sE hfsv stb. kfviv zfibfv dIvsk sldv slsJ zfmvf
lcdyfq zff rsq idV sp, zfmfslv zbciddksk rqskf zfidb
(w) jhdtk rsq iVshb. pfv Ist zfmvf njst OfhsV Etfm.
nhGiaKm zfdm dhydtk rsq sE hfofsb sn uVnV rsq dwqfstv
mk Tcsj iVtfm. zfv nh stfj zfmfv diYsb zfnsY.' dkdb zfmfsj
nsfLb j'sv kf]v uckf sufVf dlsq htstb, zfhC vfvf! zfmfv
ucskf sufVf ns dbsq pfW hQ hfofsbv hfsv `tf tfrf ffr'
zsvv lxP dhhfsnv nfsK ifEjfvD sp sjfb hAdv nfsK skfmfv nf[f{
rsh, kfsj uffskv ncnQhfl dbsq lfW. (mcndtm 156bQ)
nfrfhfoB k]fslv diaqkm bhDsj p{ivbfd nmDr W waf jvskb,
bpDvdhrDb kf'pDm W Hd jvskb.
lfdhqAfv ndv nmq mfv jcvfwslv iadkdbdL lt W mcndtmslv
mfsU jKfhfkGf W efbfsifsVb ytdYt. sn zhfq vWqfr dhb mfnl
nfjfID mcndtmslv zfyvB nys[ lwGb jvdYstb. mcndtmvf k]fslv bhDv
nfsK jD hAhrfv jvsY, kf dkdb niGsB t[A jvdYstb. dkdb hstb,
`zffrv jnm! vfnCtcfr
jI sItsk kf Wslv jfsvf rfsk
iVdYt hQ sn kf dbsq dbsuv syrfvf W yfmVfq smsJ dbdYt. dkdb
sjfb zfslw jvst kfvf k]fv zfslw iftsb k{iv dYt. dkdb pC
jvst k]fv pCv ifdb sbWqfv ubA mfvfmfdv jvdYt. dkdb jKf htst
kfvf dbsuslv zfWqfu k]fv jfsY dbyc j'sv dbdYt. zdk nmDrsk k]fv
iadk kfvf j lxs kfjfdYt bf.'
vWqfr dbu nDslv jfsY dIsv sn htstb,
YM O3 84 # 8W G h 5 % a h 5 56 % )

46

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

.(....k5a,
5a, + ,- BKl '
,- aKl ' g ' ( !
zKGf{, sr zfmfv nialfq! zsbj vfuf-hflwfv lvhfsv sodY, jfnfv,
djnvf W bfufwDv lvhfsv sodY. dj zffrv jnm! sjfb vfufsj
sldJdb, kfv iaufvf kfsj skmb nmDr jsv, spmb mcrfmfl -v
dwwAvf jsv mcrfmfslv! (hcJfvD 2732bQ)
k]fslv sj yfskb bf sp, k]fv sjfb iajfv j srfj. ifvst k]fv
j mfKf sisk hvB j'sv dbskb. k]fsj dbvfil vfJfv ubA dbsuvf
dhil mfKfq kcst dbskb.
zfhC vfvf hstb, bhD (mcwdvjslv nisjG kKA nQoar jvfv
ubA) zfsnm hsb nfshk zfbnfvDv sbkxsk jde ocysvv lt sjfKfW
ifEfstb. spsk spsk k]fvf nIfb W mfv mLAhkDG rflXzfr bfmj fsb
si]ZYst pft sofsv jde wfJf hfbD dtrqfsbv dbje k]fslv
zfomsbv jKf ufdbsq slWqf rt. nQhfl ifWqfv iv kfvf iafq
jwub kDvlfu nmdHhAfrfsv k]fslv iadk LfWqf jvt. ltde kfslv
(mcndtm sofsqlf lstv) ildyr zbcnvB jvsk tfot. zfsnm W kf]v
nfKDoB hcUsk sisv jde (]yc) ufqofq (ifrfsV) zfwaq dbstb. hfv
wlt k]fslvsj dOsv sItt hQ htt, `sbsm sn zfknmiGB jv,
skfmfslv ubA (dbvfifv) iadkwadk vt; skfmfslv jfsj zfmvf
rkAf jvh bf.' zfsnm dhb nfshk htstb, `zfdm sjfb jfsIsvv
iadkwadksk zfw rsq Jfb sKsj zhkvB jvh bf. sr zffr!
zfmfslv nQhfl skfmfv bhD -v dbje si]ZdYsq lfW.' zk}iv
kfvf mcndtm sofsqlflstv iadk kDv hNGB jvsk v jvt. kfvf
zfsnmsj wrDl j'sv dlt. zfv k]fslv msLA dkbub kfslv iadkwadk
zbcpfqD sbsm stb. k]fvf rstb, Jchfh, pfql dhb lfdnbfr W zbA
jub (zfcfr dhb kfdvj). zk}iv kfvf k]fslvsj jfhc j'sv
sItfv iv dbsuslv Lbcsjv kfv Jcst kfv fvf k]fslvsj sh]sL sItt.
slsJ k]fslv nfsK kxkDq nfrfhD (zfcfr) htstb, `ef iaKm
dhwfnOfkjkf. zffrv jnm! zfdm skfmfslv nfsK pfh bf.
wrDloB zfmfv zflwG.' dj kfvf kf]sj kfslv nfsK dbsq pfWqfv ubA

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

47

h efbf-sr]yVf jvt hQ h syf jvt. dj dkdb kfslv ns spsk

zDjfv jvstb. zhswsN jfsIvoB kf]sj wrDl j'sv dlt hQ Jchfh
W pfql dhb lfdnbfsj hlv pcsv isv mfv hfufsv dosq dhd j'sv
dlt. hbD rfsvn dhb zfsmv dhb bfWIft dhb zfs mfbfI sofsv
stfsjvf Jchfhsj q j'sv dbt. zfv Jchfh hlv pcsv dlb rfsvnsj
rkAf jsvdYstb. kf dkdb kfslv dbje shw djYcdlb hlD zhfq
jfefstb. zhswsN kfvf k]fsj rkAf jvfv hAfifsv jmk rt. jlf
dkdb bfdHv bDsyv stfm idvjfv jvfv ubA rfsvsnv sjfb j jbAfv
dbje sKsj jJfbf [cv yfstb. sn k]fsj kf dlt. sn zbAmb Kfjst
kfv jde dw hfyf (sJtsk sJtsk) k]fv dbje yst sot. zk}iv sn
Jchfhsj slJt sp, dkdb hfyfefsj dbsuv vv iv hdnsq svsJsYb
hQ [cvde k]fv rfsk vsqsY. sk sn HDNBHfsh OfhsV sot. Jchfh kf
hcUsk sisv htstb, `sj rkAf jsv sIth sHsh kcdm dj Hq ifY?
zfdm kf jvh bf.'
(ivhkDG jfst mcntmfb rWqfv iv) rfsvsnv jbAf hBGbf jsvb
sp, `zffrv jnm! zfdm Jchfh zsi[f m hlD zfv jJbW sldJdb.
zffrv jnm! zfdm kf]sj jdlb zfcsvv sKfjf sKsj zfcv sJsk
slsJdY. zKy kJb mfq sjfb It dYt bf. zdLj dkdb kJb
stfrfv dwjst zfh dYstb. zfcv kf]v ubA zffrv kvI sKsj
ial dvpXj YfVf zfv djYc bq.'
zk}iv kf]sj rkAf jvfv ubA pJb kfvf rfvfm nDmfbfv hfsv dbsq
sot, kJb dkdb kfslvsj htstb, `zfmfsj lc' vfjzfk bfmfp zflfq
jvfv ncspfo lfW.' nckvfQ kfvf k]fsj sYsV dlt hQ dkdb lc' vfjzfk
bfmfp zflfq jvstb. (bfmfp swsN dkdb kfslvsj) htstb, `zfdm
mxkcAv Hsq wQdjk rsq isVdY, skfmvf pdl jKf msb bf jvsk,
kfrst zfdm (bfmfpsj) zfvW lDOGfdqk jvkfm.'
zk}iv dkdb htstb, `sr zffr! kfslvsj j j jsv sB vfJ,
kfslvsj dhd[Hfsh LQn jv hQ kfslv msLA jfsjW hfjD svsJf
bf.'
kfviv dkdb zfhxd jvstb,

48

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

`spsrkc zfdm mcndtm drnfsh mxkAc hvB jvdY

kf zfmfv sjfb isvfqf sb.
zffrv ncd tfsHv sswA
sjfbX ifswG zfdm tcdesq idV.
zfdm spsrkc zffrv isK mxkAc hvB jvdY,
zfv dkdb Yf jvst zfmfv dYdH
iadkde zs hvjk lfb jvsk ifsvb.'
Jchfh iaKm dYstb, dpdb iaskAj sn mcndtsmv ubA (rk rWqfv
iCshG lc vfjzfk) bfmfp nck j'sv pfb, pfsj hlD zhfq rkAf jvf
rq. (hcJfvD 3989bQ)
rkAfjfsv iCshG jfsIvslv jub Jchfh zKhf pfqlsj
zffrv slfrfq dlsq dufnf jvt,
63h +8^ I g 53h 5a I C v d I VzKGf{, kcdm dj iYl jv sp, kcdm Jb skfmfv idvhfsvv msLA Kfjsh
hQ skfmfv ufqofq mcrfmfl zfmfslv dbjse zfnsh, zfmvf kfsj
rkAf jvh?
dkdb htstb,
.M C v p E M \' P #%S g v S' 5a V) }
zKGf{, bf, zffrv jnm! zfdm iYl jdv bf sp, mcrfmfl fsb
jde j]fefdh rsq j ifb. zfv zfdm zfmfv idvusbv mfsU hsn
Kfdj.
rkAfjfsv lwGjslv msLA jub dYstb zfhC ncdIqfb. dkdb
hstb,
. 5a + ,- B< ) W ) 5 % ' ( }
zKGf{, zffrv jnm! zfdm jJb sjfb ufdkv msLA kfslv sbkfsj
k shdw Hfstfhfnsk sldJdb, spmb mcrfmflsj k]fv nryvvf hfsn!
(zfkX-kfhfjfkct jchvf, hsb nf'l 2/56, drtXqfkct zfWdtqf 1/246)

hlv pcsv iafKdmj dbqk pc dYt bf. zk}iv mfv jcvfwlt

pJb zfnsk tfot hQ pc zhwAfhD rsq iVt, kJb zhfv

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

49

zfjdnj Hqfhr idvhkGsbv sia[fise vfnCtcfr y ipGfsqv j

nfmdvj ivfmwG nHfv zfsqfub jvstb. nHfq dkdb hkGmfb
nQjeubj idvddk dhswNB iChGj sbkxfbDq W nfLfvB ndbjslv
ns mk dhdbmq jvstb. zhfq zfjdmj smfV idvhkGsbv Ist
zfn v[qD nQOsNGv jKf zhok rsq jde lstv r{ji idk
rt. ltde nisjG zffr kfzftf sOfNBf jvstb,
() %C( g t3 \ a Y 6'8 !Y_, I $G
I &( I E80 a#}
@ b( ) {8l3' BC %a

! % 4' a 2# G P 5 Y_, M I % O'

zKGf{, (pct nislv hAfifvef Wvf iYl jsvdb) spmb skfmfv
iadkiftj skfmfsj skfmfv oxr rsk bAfqHfsh shv jsvdYstb, zKy
mc'dmbslv jlt snef iYl jsvdb. nkA iHfsh iajfdwk rWqfv
ivW kfvf skfmfv nfsK dhksjG dt rq, (msb rsY) kfvf spb mxkcAv
dlsj yfdtk rsY hQ kfvf spb kf iakA[ jvsY. (bXIft } 5-6)
dj nfmdvj hfdrbDv sbkxfbDq stfjslv mLA sKsj zfhc hfjXv
sE lf]Vfstb hQ zdk ym{jfv jKf htstb. zk}iv mfv
Estb hQ dkdbW zdk m jKf htstb. kfviv dmjlfl hbc
zfmXv sE lf]dVsq zfvp jvstb, sr zffrv vfnCt! zffr kfzftf
zfibfsj sp iK ialwGb jsvsYb, sn isK zfidb ytsk Kfjcb. zfmvf
nhGfhfq zfibfv ns vsqdY zffrv jnm! zfmvf zfibfsj jKf
hth bf, sp jKf hbD naft mCnfsj hstdYt,
U5f ( ) {5h 3C C ! qP 6 I&( VC}
kcdm W skfmfv iadkiftj pfW hQ pc jv, zfmvf Jfsb hsn
Kfjh. (mfsqlfr 24 zfqfk)
dj zfmfslv hAfifv dH. zfmvf hvQ hth `zfidb W zfibfv iaHc
pc jvb, zfmvf nhGfhfq zfibfslv ns sKsj pc jvh.' dpdb
zfibfsj j mrf nkAnr siavB jsvsYb kfv wiK! pdl zfidb
zfmfslvsj (lCvhkGD tfjf) `hfjGct domfl' ipG dbsq pfb khcW
zfmvf iKsvfLjfvDslv ns pc jvsk jvsk zfibfv ns snJfsbW
omb jvh.

50

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

vfnCtcfr kf]slv nisjG m jKf htstb hQ kfslv ubA lczf

jvstb. dkbub sbkf dYstb mcrfduv. snbfhfdrbDsk
zfbnfvslv kctbfq mcrfduv nsbAv nQJAf dYt zsbj jm. vfnctc fr
zfbnfvslvW mkfmk ufbfv iasqfub shfL jvstb. sjbbf,
snbfhfdrbDsk nQJAfq kf]vf dYstb zdLj hQ pcsv hAqHfv hrsbv
yfiW dYt iajk
x is[ kf]slv Wisv shwD. zhwA zfjfhfv hfzfskv
Djxdk mckfdhj mlDbfv hfsv dosq pc jvf kfslv ubA zidvrfpG dYt
bf. siad[sk dkdb idv- dkb mrfb sbkfv hhA swfbfv iv
icbvfq htstb, idk fkxhxl! hkGmfb zhfv idvsiad[sk
zfmfslv jvBDq nisjG skfmvf zfmfsj ivfmwG lfW.
zfbnfvslv sAsw dkdb jKfdt htstb. zfbnfv zdLbfqj
W ikfjfhfrj sbkf nf'l hbc mczfp vfnctc fr -v jKfv
iajk
x kf{ipG zbcLfhb iChGj zfvp jvstb, `sr zffrv vfnct! msb
rq zfidb zfmfslv mkfmk ufbsk yfsYb?'
iakcAsv vfnCtc fr htstb, r]Af.
kJb dkdb htstb, `zfmvf skf zfibfv iv mfb sbdY, zfibfv
nkAkf Djfv jsvdY hQ nf[A dlsqdY sp, zfidb pf djYc dbsq
snsYb nh nkA hQ sn nh swfbf W mfbA jvfv iv zfmvf zfibfsj
iadkwadk dlsqdY. nckvfQ sr zffrv vfnCt! zfidb pf Yf jvsYb, kf
iCvBfsKG nmcsJ zoanv rsq pfb. dpdb zfibfsj nkA nr siavB jsvsYb
kfv wiK! zfidb zfslw jvst zfmvf ft nfosvW U]fi dlsk
ifdv. uoskv lcoGmkm fbsjW illdtk jvsk ifdv. bwfzffr!
zfmfslv jub stfjW diYsb Kfjsh bf. pc-dhoasr zfidb
zfmfslvsj iakA[ jvshb nfrnD W dbHGDj hDv icvsNv HCdmjfq.
nHhk} zffr kfzftf zfibfsj zfmfslv mfsU mb biCBA ialwGb
jvshb, pf iakA[ jsv zfibfv y[cq wDkt rsq pfsh. nckvfQ spJfsb
Yf zfidb zfmfslvsj dbsq ytcb. zffr kfzftf zfmfslv jfsujsmG
hvjk lfb jvb.
zbA j hBGbfq zfsY sp, nf'l hbc mczfp
vfnCtc fr -v
dbje zfvp jvstb, `zfidb rqskf zfwQjf jvsYb sp, zfbnfvoB

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

51

kfslv wrsv sKsj Lc zfibfsj nfrfpA jvf jkGhA msb jvsY?

jfvsB zfdm kfslv i[ sKsj htdY hQ kfslv i[ sKsj v dldY
sp, zfibfv spJfsb Yf rq ytcb, pfv ns Yf nijG dEj vfJcb hQ
pfv ns Yf nijG dY jvb. zfmfslv Lb nil rsk sp idvmfB
Yf oarB jvb hQ pf Yf sYsV dlb. ksh specjc zfidb oarB
jvshb, kf zfmfslv dbje specjc sYsV slshb kfv yfsk zdLj
iYlbDq rsh. zfv hAfifsv zfidb sp Ifqnftf jvshb zfmfslv
Ifqnftf kfv zbcnfvD rsh. zffrv jnm! zfidb pdl zoanv rsq
`hfjGct domfl' ipG yst pfb, kfrstW zfmvf zfibfv ns pfh.
zfv pdl zfidb zfmfslv dbsq nmcsla U]fdisq iVsk yfb, ksh
zfmvfW kfsk U]fdisq iVh.
nf'slv jKf sb vfnctcfr -v syrfvf mchfvj zfbsl t
rsq Et. dkdb htstb,
8 l M 2g }% t$@f 5)! M 5h 5 } ? } #8 h )>
.(%6 ( W !
ystf hQ zfbdlk dys yt. zffr zfmfv ns lcsef lstv mLA
rsk jdev Wqflf jsvsYb. zffrv jnm! zfdm spb nmq (jfsIv)
nialfsqv hLAHCdm slJsk ifdY. (zfv-vfrDjct mfJkCm 373-375ix})
slv mqlfsb nemcrCskG nfrfhfoB dbsuslv iafB dlsq bhD -sj
dbvfil vfJfv syf jsvsYb. dkvlfu nfrfhD zfhC kftrf k]fv dbvfifv
lfdqsk sKsj kDvlfdu jsvsYb. sndlb k]fv rfsk lc'de Lbcj sHssY.
mrfbhD k]fv rfskv jfsY kDv iak vfJsk zfslw jsvsYb. dkdb
jJsbf mfKf kcst mcwdvjslv zhfb zKhf kDv sjfKfq tfosY kf slJfv
syf jvst zfhC kftrf k]fsj hstsYb, `zfmfv hfi-mf zfibfv ubA
jcvhfb srfj! mfKf kcst slJshb bf. wis[v kDv zfibfsj zfOfk
jvsh. zfibfv hcj zfmfv hcsjv zfVfst Kfj. zfmfv slr zfibfv ubA
Tft srfj!' (hcJfvD 4064 iaHdx k)
vnCstv dlsj zfnf kDv hcj sisk zfesj dbsq nfrfhD k]fsj zfOfk
sKsj v[f jsvsYb. sjmb kAfo Djfv? sjmb jcvhfbD? sjmb

52

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

uDhb dlsq Hfstfhfnf?

mrfbhD -v i[ sKsj iadkhfl W iadkv[fq nfrfhD jdh rfnXnfb
dhb nfshk hstdYstb,
Bg3 5a, 8
|8h 75 ?
dbyq zfmfv dikf, zfmfv lflf W zfmfv nm, skfmfslv zfmB
sKsj mcrfmfslv nsmv iadkv[fq dbsqfduk. (mcndtm 6550bQ)
diaq bhD hstsYb,
.(t aE 3 75 75 G ! V) %# $) B#5) \' )
skfmfslv msLA sj mcdmb rsk ifvsh bf, pk[B ipG bf zfdm kfv
dbje kfv dikf, nfb hQ njt mfbcN zsi[f diaqkm rsqdY. (hcJfvD
15, mcndtm 177-178bQ)

dbslGw iftsbv iajx bmcbf svsJ sosYb nfrfhfoB. nckvfQ k]fvf

zfmfslv dbje sKsj waf W lczf ifWqfv zdLjfv vfsJb bf dj?

bhD-idvhfsvv mpGflf
bhD-idvhfv htsk k]fv ikDoB, k]fv ufmfkf W jbAf hQ k]fslv
nfboB. sn nfsK k]fv lflf zfct mcf dtshv nfboB.
mrfbhD -v ikDoB njt mc'dmsbv mf. mrfb zffr hstsYb,
() {B<P < E B<4@
t3 \a & M 3 }
zKGf{, bhD, dhwfnDslv dbje kfslv iafB zsi[fW zdLj diaq hQ kfv
DoB kfslv mf-vi. (rXpfh } 6)
mrfbhD -v ikDosBv ubA vsqsY mrf icvfv. mrfb zffr
hstsYb,
G $ <$3' G &5 U G, 8 P $ 3# !I E2K N &M 3 }' '&<
U80 ( 5 % >( 8P $3# ( !) GaE )
k 8> g)Y8> g $Y
{ ak Glh k8E g3 34,a 5h

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

53

zKGf{, sr bhD! kcdm skfmfv Dslv ht, `skfmvf pdl ifdKGh uDhsbv
sHfo W kfv dhtfdnkf jfmbf jv, kfrst n, zfdm skfmfslv sHfodhtfsnv hAhf j'sv dl hQ snZusbAv nfsK skfmfslvsj dhlfq dl.
i[fsv skfmvf zffr, k]fv vnCt hQ ivjft jfmbf jvst,
skfmfslv msLA pfvf n{jmGwDtf zffr kfslv ubA mrf iadklfb iak
svsJsYb.' (rXpfh } 28-29)
dbyq bhD-ikDoB zbAfbA nfLfvB mdrtfslv mskf bAfq. k]fslv dYt
ixKj hdwA. k]fslv icvfv W dkvfv zbAfbA mdrtfslv mskf bq.
mrfb zffr hstsYb,
j aG %6
^ P
$ G6P ! 4 3Y Y 5)2# $4 YM 3 4 '}

() { 8 %
* 8 M /
zKGf{, sr bhD-ikDoB! skfmvf zbA bfvDslv mskf bW; pdl skfmvf
zffrsj Hq jv ksh ivicvsNv nfsK sjfmt js mbHfsh jKf
hstf bf, pfsk zsv pfv hAfdL zfsY sn iatc rq. zfv skfmvf nlftfi
jv. (fHfdhjHfsh jKf ht.) (rXpfh } 32)
k]fvf nfLfvB mdrtfslv sKsj ixKj hQ mpGflf shdw hst mrfb
zffr v zfso hstsYb,
# G@ | +/ < h ^' 3YG & S) @ g3 2' YM 3 4 '}
C8E <P\& ,
k - Na P %>(

g3 36' ( ) k4' h I

() { F
k 8# < (5$h GP8
zKGf{, sr bhD-ikDoB! skfmfslv msLA sj sjfb iajfwA zwDt jfu
jvst kfsj dB wfd slWqf rsh. zfv zffrv ubA kf nru.
skfmfslv msLA sp sj zffr hQ k]fv vnCstv iadk zbcokf rsh W
n{jfu jvsh, kfsj zfdm dB icvfv lfb jvh. zfv kfv ubA zfdm
nmfbubj uDdhjf iak svsJdY. (rXpfh } 30-31)
dhlfqD rs `oflDsv Jcm' bfmj ufqofq mrfbhD
hstdYstb,
spb zfdm zfrCk rsqdY hQ nfVf dlsqdY. zfdm skfmfslv mfsU lc'de
HfvD dudbn sYsV pfdY, jde zivde zsi[f zdLj hV; zffrv

54

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

djkfh W zfmfv hQwLv, zfrst hfqk. nckvfQ sJqft svsJf, jDHfsh

kfslv hAfifsv zfmfv iadkdbdLk jvsh. rWsp bf zfnf ipG Hsq
ixKj rsh bf. (zfrmfl, rfsjm, dn} nrDrfr 1750bQ)
mfbshv hQw-kfdtjfq mrfbhD -v hQw W k]fv idvhfsvv dhwft
mpGflf zfsY. k]fslv mpGflfv jfvsB mrfb zffr k]fslv ubA nfljfr hf
pfjfk JfWqf zShL jsvsYb.
sn mpGflf ialwGb jvf njt mfbcsNv jkGhA. zfhC hfjXv dnDj
hstsYb, skfmvf mcrfmfl -v iadk kf]v idvhfvhsoGv mfLAsm
nmfb ialwGb jv. (hcJfvD) zKGf{, k]fslvsj waf jvst, zfnst k]fsj
waf jvf rsh.
k]fslvsj Hfstfshsn W waf jsv sn zdLjfv zflfq jvsk rq
mcndtmsj. mfm wfsIqD hstsYb,
J86 v
* 8 ..... Bg ) } %>( G J '
Uq- BgG h YNW' B ..... BgP 8@ BGlh BgG@g'
zKGf{, sr zffrv vnCstv idvhfv! zfibfslvsj Hfstfhfnf Ivp, pf
zffrv i[ sKsj jcvzfsb zhkDBG rsqsY.
zfibfslv dhwft oshGv ubA kecjc psK sp, sp zfibfslv iadk
lvl isV bf, kfv bfmfp rq bf. (lDWqfbcw wfsIqD 1/14)
zKGf{, hEsj sp bfmfpD kfwfrslv iv bhD W k]fv idvhfsvv
iv Yfjxk lvl isV bf, kfv bfmfp hfdkt rsq pfq.
iaskAj bfmfsp k]fslv iadk lvl W nftfm ifE jKfv ltDt sp,
k]fvf mfbhjcst hV mpGflfhfb W wafHfub.
zfmvf bfmfsp sp lvsl hafrDmD idV, kfsk zfsY, `zffmf nfd
zftf mcrfmfl zzftf zf-dt mcrfmfl-----.' `zffmf hfdvj zftf
mcrfmfl, zzftf zf-dt mcrfmfl----.' kfYfVf lvslv ws
iHfsh mrfbhD -v D W nfb-ndkosBv jKf sJ rsqsY.

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

J h G - a# $'Y( E
$'(Y E

h $G NC

h $G NC
h 5a,

h 5a,

55

h YN- B< )

h ( 5* GO 5* Ga) I ! BGC8 !

.(5* GO 5* Ga) I ! BGC8 ! J h #( a#

zKGf{, sr zffr! kcdm mcrfmfl, k]fv idvhfv, ikDoB W k]fv nfbndkv iv vrmk hNGB jv, spmb kcdm hafrDsmv hQwLsvv iv
vrmk hNGB jsvY. hQ kcdm mcrfmfl, k]fv idvhfv, ikDoB W k]fv
nfb-ndkv iv hjGk hNGB jv, spmb kcdm hafrDsmv hQwLsvv
iv hjGk hNGB jsvY. dbyq kcdm iawQdnk soZvhfdbk. (zfrmfl
23173bQ)

zfv nh jKfv iamfB sp, bhD-idvhfsvv mpGflf vsqsY dhwft.

k]fslv iadk jkGhA vsqsY mfbcsNv.

JflDuf (vfdpqff zfbrf)v mpGflf

ixdKhDv nhGiaKm mcndtm JflDuf dhbsk Jcqfdtl.
mrfbhD -v iaKm D JflDuf. zk}iv k]fv uDhwfq dkdb zfv
sjfb D oarB jsvbdb.
mrfbhD -v sn nfsbv mfkf, p]fvf djYcjft sh]sy dYstb hQ
djqfmk ipG k]fv hQwLv zhdw Kfjshb.
sn idkiafBf D JflDuf (vfdpqff zfbrf). duhvDtsj slsJ drvf
rf sKsj HDk-n rsq pJb mrfbhD k]fv jfsY dIsv sn hxf
hBGbf jvstb, kJb dkdb k]fsj nfbf dlsq hstdYstb,
'5 , 5W P B)8 NW$ I ! k5 I''
% 8S q#)
.(Y_, Vf% h t P G^ 86P 5 a V4gP Ng Na,P
zKGf{, j[sbf bf. zfidb ncnQhfl dbb. zffrv jnm! zffr
zfibfsj jJb tfdk jvshb bf. zffrv jnm! zfidb skf
zfkDqkfv hb hufq vfsJb, nkA jKf hstb, (zisvv) shfUf hsq
slb, smrmfsbv Jfdkv jsvb hQ dhiloasj nfrfpA jsvb.

56

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

zk}iv D JflDuf (vfdpqff zfbrf) mrfbhD -sj dbsq k]fv

yfyfskf Hf zvfjf dhb bfWIfstv dbje idk rstb. dkdb dYstb
jub hsqfhx z. dkdb ufsrdtqfskv pcso dJaefb LmG oarB
jsvdYstb. kfWvfk-Dt dkdb dtJsk-iVsk ufbskb. zffrv
vnCt k]fsj drvf rfv nm Oebf Jcst htstb. zvfjf htstb,
`db skf sn bfmCn (dIdvf duhvDt), dpdb mCnfv dbje zhkDBG
rskb. rfq! spdlb zfibfsj zfibfv ufdk slw sKsj shv jsv slsh,
sndlb pdl zfdm uDdhk W pchj Kfjkfm.'
jKf sb mrfbhD htstb, kfvf dj zfmfsj slw sKsj hdrjfv
jvsh? zvfjf htstb, `r]Af. zfibfv mskf sp sjr nkA zfbqb
jsvsYb, dkdb dbpGfdkk rsqsYb. zfdm pdl sn nmq ipG uDdhk
Kfdj, kfrst zfibfv nhGij
a fv nrspfdokf jvh.'
dj v zijft isv zvfjf mxkAc hvB jsvb. (hcJfvD 3, mcndtm
422bQ)

Hfsh D fmDv HDdkv nmq nrspfdokf jsvdYstb. ntfsmv

iaHfkjfst k]fsj nfrn dlsqdYstb, nrspfdokf jsvdYstb. mfb W
dhwfn dlsq k]fv mbsj nht W nmx jsvdYstb.
sn y bCv ihGskv drvf rfsk mrfbhD jfjDk zhtb j'sv
mrfb zffrv hflk jvskb. snJfsb D JflDuf k]fv JflA W ifbDq
si]ZsY dlskb. zfhC vfvf hstb, jlf duhvDt sn htstb,
?+
* 8 ! * ~ * G * ! < P 5 50 7/C %>( ')
VW

3O M G C8YS MY3 < Y(

4 < G h 8 I$P MC

.(VW G V`sr zffrv vnCt! sp JflDuf zfibfv dbje zfnsY, kfv nfsK
zfsY jde if, kfsk zfsY hAb hf JflA hf ifbDq. nckvfQ sn st
zfidb kfsj kfv iadkiftsjv i[ sKsj hQ zfmfv i[ sKsj nftfm
ufbfb. zfv kfsj uffsk (kfv ubA) If]if mcf dbdmGk jde
zfdtjfv ncnQhfl lfb jvb; spJfsb sjfb rsoft W jfd Kfjsh bf.
(zfrmfl 7156, hcJfvD 3820, mcndtm 6426bQ)

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

57

zfcfr hsb zfhC zfWIf rsk hdBGk, zffrv vnCt JflDuf

(vfdpqff zfbXrf)sj uffsk (kfv ubA) If]if mcf dbdmGk jde
zfdtjfv ncnQhfl lfb jsvsYb; spJfsb sjfb rsoft W jfd Kfjsh
bf. (hcJfvD 3819, mcndtm 6427bQ)
lcdbqfq sh]sy Kfjsk uffskv ncnQhfl! ubA fmDv jfsY k]fv
jlv dYt zsbj. dkdb uDdhk Kfjfjfst bhD
zbA D oarB
jsvbdb. k]fv djfstv iv dhhfr jvst zbA Dslv jfsY dkdb k]fv
HCqnD iawQnf jvskb. zfv kfsk k]fvf k]fv iadk NGf jvskb.
zfsqwf (vfdpqff zfbrf) hstb, JflDuf (vfdpqff zfbXrf)v iadk
zfmfv pkef NGf rskf, kkef NGf bhD -v ziv sjfb Dv iadk
rskf bf. zKy zfdm k]fsj jJsbf sldJdb. dj bhD zdLjfQw nmq
kf]v jKf zfstfybf jvskb hQ pJb dkdb Yfot phf jvskb,
kJb kfv dhdH z sjse JflDufv hfhDslv ubA irfvvi
ifEfskb.
zfdm k]fsj mfsU msLA (vdnjkf Yst) htkfm, `msb rq spb lcdbqfsk
JflDuf YfVf zfv sjfb smsq sb.' kJb dkdb (k]fv iawQnf j'sv)
htskb, sn vjm dYt, vjm dYt. zfv kf]v sKsj zfmfv
nfb-ndk.
zbA j hBGbfq zfsY, `bhD
pJb hjvD phf jvskb, kJb
JflDufv hfhDslv dbje kef idvmfsB mfQn ifEfskb, pf kfslv ubA
psK rk.'
zbA j hBGbfq zfsY, `bhD
pJb hjvD phf jvskb, kJb
htskb, JflDufv hfhDslv dbje mfQn ifdEsq lfW. (hcJfvD
3818, mcndtm 6431bQ)

JflDufv nJD hst k]fslvW jlv jvskb, spmb dkdb k]fv shfb hf
zbA zfkDsqvW jlv jvskb sjht k]fv Hfstfhfnfv efsb.
j hBGbfq zfsY, zfsqwf (vfdpqff zfbXrf) hstb, `jlf JflDufv
shfb rftf dhbsk Jczfdtl vfnCtcfr -v dbje zfnfv zbcmdk
yft. dkdb JflDufv zbcmdk yfWqfv jKf mvB jvstb, nckvfQ dkdb

58

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

59

zfblshfL jvstb hQ htstb, zffr! rftf dhbsk Jczfdtl?

(hcJfvD 3820-3821, mcndtm 6435bQ)

JflDufv mxdkdyr hst k]fv ztfv slsJ jlf mrfbhD -v

rlq dhodtk rq. k]fv jbAf pqbfshv fmD hlv pcs hlD rb. k]fv
mcdiB vi pqbfh mfsqv slWqf rfv ifEfb. kf slsJ mrfbhD -v
zv dhodtk rq hQ nfrfhfoBsj hstb,
. < / < G h &8P C> < %6 P B$' ( !
zKGf{, skfmvf pdl msb jv sp, Wv hlDsj mcd slsh hQ kfv
dudbn kfsj sIv{ slsh (kfrst Hfstf rq).
nfrfhfoB kfsk vfpD rsq sn rfv pqbfhsj sIv{ slb, pf dYt k]fv
mfsqv mxdk. (zfrmfl 26362, zfhC lfl 2694, rfsjm 4306bQ)
dbyq mf JflDuf dYstb nhGswa mdrtfslv zbAkm. mrfbhD
hstsYb,
B'8 5 a, 3 a~ 5 '%0 3 50 : 3O NC 4 N^ )
.(%h8 U 8 B ) 3 G>J 8ah 3
zKGf{, uffskv nhGswa mdrtf rt } JflDuf dhs JcWqfdtl,
Ifdkmf dhs mcrfmfl, mfvqAfm dhs mvfb W dIvzfsbv D zfdnqf
dhs mcpfdrm. (zfrmfl, kfhfvfbD, rfsjm, n} ufsm' 1135bQ)
3 a~ 5 '%0 3 50 8ah 3 B'8 j* ( ta 4 8G0)

.(%h8 U 8 G>J 5a,

zKGf{, ixdKhDv nhGswa bfvD rt yfvub } mfvqAfm dhs mvfb,
JflDuf dhs JcWqfdtl, Ifdkmf dhs mcrfmfl W dIvzfsbv D
zfdnqf. (zfrmfl, kfhfvfbD, n} ufsm' 3328bQ)

Ifskmf (vfdpqff zfbrf)v IpDtk

uffskv nhGswa mdrtfslv zbAkm bhD-jbAf Ifskmf (vfdpqff
zfbrf).
mrfbhD hstsYb,
3 B'8 5 a, 3 a~ 5 '%0 3 50 3O NC 4 N^ )
.(%h8 U 8 B ) 3 G>J 8ah
uffskv nhGswa mdrtf rt } JflDuf dhs JcWqfdtl, Ifskmf
dhs mcrfmfl, mfvqAfm dhs mvfb W dIvzfsbv D zfdnqf dhs
mcpfdrm. (zfrmfl 2901, kfhfvfbD, rfsjm, n} ufsm' 1135bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
5 a, 3 a~ 5 '%0 3 50 8ah 3 B'8 ta 4 0)
.(%h8 U 8 G>J
ixdKhDv nhGswa bfvD rt yfvub } mfvqAfm dhs mvfb, JflDuf
dhs JcWqfdtl, Ifskmf dhs mcrfmfl W dIvzfsbv D zfdnqf.
(zfrmfl 12391, kfhfvfbDv jfhDv 1004, n} ufsm' 3328bQ)

vnCt-jbAf Ifskmf (vfdpqff zfbrf) uffkD mdrtfslv nlGfv.

mrfbhD hstsYb,
4 T M 8S < 3' o a4 M h B 4 I M P )

.( 3 NC 4 U5YG> a~ 3 NC + 5YG> G4T

zfmfv dbje j dIdvwXkf zfnmfb sKsj zhkvB j'sv zfmfsj
nftfm dlsqsYb, dpdb dkiCshG sjfbdlb zhkvB jsvbdb. dkdb
zfmfsj ncnQhfl dlsqsYb sp, rfnfb W nfb uffkD pchjslv nlGfv
hQ Ifskmf uffkD mdrtfslv nlGfv. (hsb zfnfdjv, n} ufsm' 79bQ)
zfsqwf (vfdpqff zfbrf) hstb, jlf bhD -v Dvf njst
kf]v jfsY dYt. kAhnsv Ifskmf (vfdpqff zfbXrf) srs]e (zfmfslv
dbje) t. kfv ytb hQ zffrv vnCt -v ytsbv msLA sjfb

60

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

61

mf zfsqwf (vfdpqff zfbXrf) hstb, `zfjfv-zfyvB W jKfhfkGfq

Ifskmf (jfvGfmff zurfrf) YfVf zbA jfsj vfnCtcfr -v nlxw
sldJdb. Ifskmf k]fv jfsY st dkdb kfv dlsj sE spskb, fok
ufbfskb, kfv rfk Lvskb, kfsj ycmf dlskb hQ k]fv hnfv ufqofq
hnfskb. zfv dkdb k]fv jfsY st sn k]fv dlsj sE spk, fok
ufbfk, k]fv rfk Lvk, k]fsj ycmf dlk hQ kfv hnfv ufqofq hnfk.'

ifKGjA dYt bf. zk}iv bhD

kfsj slsJ fok ufbfstb hQ
htstb, `zfmfv jbAfv Hfomb srfj.' zk}iv dkdb kfsj dbsuv
Ffb zKhf hfm ifsw hnfstb. kfviv dkdb kfsj jfsb jfsb sofisb
djYc htstb. Ifskmf (vfdpqff zfbXrf) sufsvswfsv j]flsk zfv
jvt. nckvfQ dkdb kfv zdvkf slsJ icbhGfv kfsj jfsb jfsb djYc
htstb. Ist (hfv) sn rfnsk tfot. (zfsqwf hstb,) zk}iv
zfdm Ifskmfsj httfm, `vfnCtc fr kf]v Dslv mfsU (kfslvsj hfl
dlsq) skfmfsj sofisb djYc htfv ubA shsY sbWqf nsW kcdm jf]lY?'
kfviv vfnCtcfr
pJb sE sostb, kJb zfdm kfsj httfm,
`vfnCtcfr skfmfsj jD htstb?' sn htt, `zfdm vfnCtc fr -v
sofib jKf iajfw jvh bf.' zk}iv vfnCtc fr
sjft jvst
zfdm Ifskmfsj httfm, `skfmfv iadk zfmfv zdLjfv vsqsY. kf
zfdm skfmfsj jnm dlsq htdY sp, kcdm zfmfsj ht, vfnCtc fr
skfmfsj jD hstdYstb?' sn htt, `Jb htsk sjfb zncdhLf sb.'
zffrv vnCt
iaKmhfsv jfbfjfdb jvfv nmq zfmfsj nQhfl
dlsqdYstb sp, duhaft
iaskAj hYv jhfv (zKhf lc'hfv)
j'sv jcvzfb swfbfb. dj Jb dkdb lc'hfv wcbfstb. nckvfQ zfdm
hcUsk ifvdY sp, zfmfv mxkAc ndjse. nckvfQ kcdm (sr Ifskmf!)
zffrsj Hq jsvf hQ LpG LfvB jsvf. sjbbf, zfdm skfmfv ubA
m zoaofmD. nckvfQ zfdm ( jKf sb) sj]sl sIttfm, pf kcdm
slJst. zk}iv dkdb zfmfv zdvkf slsJ dkDqhfv jfsb jfsb
htstb,
.( 2 7/C 4 U5YG> t3 \a 4 U5YG> M %gP G|8P a~ ')
sr Ifskmf! kcdm dj ef iYl jv bf sp, (uffsk) mc'dmb bfvDslv
kcdm nlGfv rsh zKhf mskv bfvDslv nlGfv rsh?
nckvfQ (mb ncnQhfl sb) zfdm rfntfm, pf kcdm slJst.' (hcJfvD

Ifskmf dYstb mrfbhD -v j ecjsvf slr. k]fsj pf j dlskf,

mrfbhD kfsk j siskb. jKf dkdb dbsu hstsYb,
.(M3 ^A < ^A a MY3 ^ a~ )
zKGf{, Ifskmf zfmfv slrfQw. sp kfsj vfofdhk jsv, sn zfnst
zfmfsj vfofdhk jsv. (hcJfvD 3714, 3767bQ)
jlf zftD zfhC ufrstv jbAfsj dhhfsrv iqofm dlst Ifskmf
sb zffv jfsY sn htstb, `zfibfv sofD msb jsv sp, zfidb
zfibfv smsqslv fsKG vfo slJfb bf. zftD zfhC ufrstv smsqsj
dhsq jvsk yfq!'
jKf sb mrfbhD
sE l]fVfstb hQ jfstmf wfrflk isV
htstb,
M 3Y ^ a~ !M3 5- M35, jG 8 ,g 5 )

Ifskmf (vfdpqff zfbrf)v ytb dYt vfnCtc fr -v ytsbv

mskf. zfv kfsk vsqsY k]fv dhvfe mpGflf, shdev msLA hfsiv zfyvB!

3729bQ)

6285, wfhtD mcndtsmv 6468bQ)

(hcJfvDv zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 971, zfhC lfl 5219bQ)

5 3h

Y 5 h 3

% >( 3 ja$OP

C%4' 78# MY!

.( M h 8$ 5) N E(
zKGf{, zk}iv hdt sp, zfdm zfhct zfn dhb vfhDsj (smsq) dhhfr
dlsqdY, sn zfmfsj jKf dlsq jKf nkA iamfB jsvsY. zfv Ifskmf
zfmfv slsrv ecjvf. zfdm kfv Jfvfi tfofsj ziYl jdv. zffrv
jnm! zffrv vnCstv shde W zffrv lcwmsbv shde j hAdv jfsY
j rsk ifsv bf.
nckvfQ v iv zftD
iqofm iakAfrfv j'sv sbb. (hcJfvD

62

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

zbA hBGbfq zfsY,

. CJ 3' ( < '\3 '8' 3Y ^ $3 a ?
zKGf{, zfmfv smsq zfmfv slsrv ecjvf. kfsj pf do jsv,
zfmfsjW kf do jsv. kfsj pf j slq, zfmfsjW kf j slq.
(mcndtm 6460bQ)

IfskmD knhDrv mfrfkA }

zftD -v nfsK vnCt-jbAf Ifskmfv dhhfr rq. smfrv dYt jde
kfmD stZrhmG, pfv lfm 400 sKsj 470 dlvrfm. (1200-1400 oafm
Wusbv svZiAmcf). rt IfskmD smfrv.
zftD -v nQnfsv Ifskmf oxdrBD rsq stb. Osv sJucv ifkfv
yfef. yfmVfv hfdtw, pf sJucsvv sYfhVf dlsq Hvf. ifdbv jtn W
Jfhfv if.
LpGwDtkf W ndrckfv nfsK nQnfv v jvstb vfujbAf. zsi
kc rsq, zffrv jdvqf ufdbsq, k]fv hflk j'sv hQ fmDv
dJlmk j'sv. kfviv nfsbv iadkiftb.
hfdVsk zfef disN vde hfbfsk rq. ifKsvv yfdj Ocvfsk Ocvfsk
rfsk O]fef isV sosY. nQnfsvv jfsuv yfsi isV wvDv jcdtsq Esk
ifvsY bf. fmD-D ivfmwG jvstb, zffv jfsY jde lfn hf lfnD
yfshb. zffv jfsY stb. dkdb dYstb bf. yfdrlfv jKf mf
zfsqwfsj ufbfstb. dkdb bhD -sj ufbfst nvfndv smsq-ufmfsqv
hfdVsk dosq si]ZYstb.
kJb zsbj vfk. fmD-D wpAfoarB jsv sIstsYb. k]fvf Esk
pfdYstb. dkdb Esk dbsNL j'sv k]fslv mfsU hsn htstb,
t k ( 8Yg ag E ^ aP/0 !7 a$ 2> a 8 G0 h ag)
.(7 a$ 2> a ag 8* G0 I ? t k ,Y> t k 5a)
zfdm dj skfmfslvsj mb dudbsnv jKf hst slh bf, pf skfmfslv
pfdyk dudbn zsi[f m? pJb skfmvf dhYfbfq pfsh, kJb 34 hfv
`zffr zfjhfv', 33 hfv `zftrfmlcdtfr' hQ 33 hfv

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

63

`nchrfbffr' ifE jvsh. ef rsh skfmfslv pfdyk dudbn (Jfslm)

zsi[f swa. (hcJfvD3113, 5361, 6318, mcndtm 7090bQ)
hfsiv iadk shdev mfqf }
druvskv iCshG mrfbhD jf'hfoxsrv ifsw bfmfp iVdYstb. zfhC
ufrXt W kfv djYc nfKD snJfsb hsn dYt. okjft e phf rsqdYt.
zfhC ufrXt htt, `zmcj sofsv ebDv (oHGfwq) Ictef dbsq sn
mcrfmfslv OfsV sj vfJsk ifvsh?'
jKf sb nialfsqv nh yfsk shdw rkHfof stfjde sE dosq
Ictde dbsq t. zk}iv pJb bhD dnulfq sostb, kJb sn
snefsj k]fv OfsV yfdisq dlt! zfv kf slsJ Wvf sj zsbAv ofsq
TtfTdt j'sv rfnsk v jvt. snJfsb mb sj dYt bf, sp snefsj
k]fv OfV sKsj ndvsq slsh.
bhD dnulfsk Kfjstb. zk}iv sjfb jub kf slsJ dbsu
djYc jvsk bf sisv bhD-jbAf Ifskmfsj dosq Jhv dlt. djswfvD
Ifskmf zffv mb dhislv jKf sb Ycse sn kf k]fv OfV rsk
ndvsq sItstb hQ kfslv sswA oftfofdt jvstb.
bhD bfmfp swN jsv ynsv lxjk
x Dslv ubA hczf jvstb
hQ kf jhctW rsq sot. (hcJfvD 240, mcndtm 1794 bQ)
slv pcs mrfbhD -v syrfvf vf rt. k]fv dbsyv syfqfstv
Ffb dlsjv siNj lcde l]fk sHs sot. dwvfsbv jVf k]fv mfKfq o]fKf
sot. pc swsN zfrk zffsj slsJ ifdb sTst v Lcsk tfostb.
zftD Tft dlsq ifdb hsq zfbsk tfostb. dj pJb slJstb sp,
ifdb dlsq Lcst v h rq bf, kJb yfef icdVsq kfv Yf [kfsb
tfdosq v h jvstb. (mcndtm 4743bQ)
hfsiv mxkcAsk shdev svflb }
zfbfn hstb, pJb bhD shwD znc rsq iVstb hQ kfsj
j dOsv sItt, kJb (kf]v jbAf) Ifskmf (vfdpqff zfbXrf) htstb,
`rfq! zffufsbv j!' dkdb jKf sb htstb, zfusjv dlsbv

64

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

iv skfmfv zffv sjfb j rsh bf. zk}iv pJb dkdb slrkAfo

jvstb, kJb Ifskmf (vfdpqff zfbXrf) htstb,
N '8 E ! 7 $ ' 72 8@ 3E 7 $ ' 7 h ( + E 7 $ ')
.(7 3
`rfq zffufb! iaHc pJb k]fsj zfrhfb jvstb, kJb dkdb kf]v
Ffsj nfVf dlstb. rfq zffufb! uffkct dIvlfn kf]v hfnfb.
rfq zffufb! zfmvf duhvDtsj zfibfv mxkAc -nQhfl slh.'
zk}iv pJb kf]sj nmfdL jvf rt, kJb Ifskmf (vfdpqff
zfbXrf) (nfrfhfslvsj) htstb, `zffrv vnCt -v iv mfde
sItsk dj skfmfslvsj Hft tfot?' (hcJfvD 4462bQ)
Ifskmfv jde hV soZvh sp, swN pfmfbfq mfm mfrlD zfnshb.
dkdb bAfqivfqB hflwf rshb. kJb ixdKhD wfd W bnfsI Hsv Esh.
spmb, k]fv zfso zwfd W pctsm idviCBG Kfjsh. zfrst hfqk kKf
Ifskmfv hQsw k]fv um rsh. zffrv vnCt -v bfm W kf]v bfm
hQ Hsqv dikfv bfm j rsh. dkdb hV nclwGb icvN rshb. zffr
k]fv fvfq ntfsmv nfdhGj jtAfB iadkf jvshb. (n} ufsm' 5180bQ)
mrfbhD hstsYb,
. a~ 5
P8$h &5<a
zKGf{, mfrlD rsh zfmfv hQwLsvv mLA sKsj Ifskmfv nfb. (zfhC
lfl 4286, hsb mfufr, rfsjm, n} ufsm' 6734bQ)

`dpdb swsv-sJflf zftD mkGpc f-oxdrbD

rfnfb-srfsnb lc mfm-ubbD
dikf p]fv mcrfmfl bhD lc-ufrfb
zfsY dj k]frfv mskf jfrfsvf nmfb?'

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

65

rfnfb-nfb
(vfdpqff zfbmf)v mpGflf
mrfbhD -v slZdr, k]fv jbAf Ifskmfv nfb, k]fv bfdk.
ef iajdx kok hAfifv sp, sYfe sKsj dkdb bfdkqsj Jch
Hfstfhfnskb, k]fslv nfsK sJtf jvskb.
jlf mrfbhD Jckhf dldYstb. mb nmq rpvk rfnfb W nfb
isV-sE k]fv nfmsb zfnsk tfost dkdb dmv sKsj dbsy sbsm
k]fslvsj isv kcst dbstb. zk}iv dkdb htstb, zffr kfzftf
nkA hstsYb,
( 3$ B# Bg % a !)
(zKGf{, skfmfslv Lb-nil W nfb-ndk skfmfslv ubA dIkbf
skf.) zfdm slvsj isV-sE yst zfnsk slsJ LpG vfJsk ifvtfm
bf. hvQ Jckhf h jsv slvsj kcst dbtfm. (zfrmfl 22995, zfhC
lfl 1111, dkvdmpD 3774, bfnf 1413, hsb mfufr 3600bQ)

wffl hstb, jlf spfrv zKhf zfnsvv bfmfp iVfv sswA

dkdb zfmfslv mfsU shv rstb. k]fv sjfst dYt rfnfb zKhf nfb.
dkdb nfmsb dosq kfsj dbsuv Ffb ifsqv jfsY vfJstb. zk}iv dkdb
kjhDv dlsq bfmfp wcv jvstb. bfmfp iVsk iVsk dkdb jde
dnulfr (zfHfdhj) tf jvstb. (hAfifv bf hcsU) zfdm stfsjv
mfsU mfKf kcst sIttfm. slJtfm, dkdb dnulfr zhfq zfsYb, zfv
k]fv disE dwwcde ysV hsn zfsY! zk}iv icbvfq zfdm dnulfq dIsv
sotfm. zffrv vnCt bfmfp swN jvst stfsjvf k]fsj htt, `sr
zffrv vnCt! zfidb bfmfp iVsk iVsk jde dnulfr (zdLj) tf
jvstb. v Ist zfmvf LfvBf jvtfm sp, djYc rqskf Oet zKhf
zfibfv iv WrD zhkDBG rsY.'
dkdb htstb, nshv sjfbef bq. zfnst (hAfifv rt), zfmfv
shef (bfdk) zfmfsj nWqfvD hfdbsq dbsqdYt. kf kfv mb Hsv bf
slWqf ipG (Efv ubA) kfVfkfdV jvfefsj zfdm ziYl jvtfm.

66

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

(nrDr bfnf 1093 bQ, hsb zfnfdjv, rfsjm)

hsb mnl hstb, dkdb bfmfp iVskb, zfv dnulfr zhfq

rfnfb W nfb k]fv disE ysV hnk. stfsjvf kfslvsj mb jvsk
mfbf jvst dkdb wfvfq htskb, Wslvsj (dbsuv zhfq) sYsV
lfW. zk}iv bfmfp swN jvst kfslv Hqsj sjfst hdnsq
htskb, sp hAd zfmfsj Hfstfhfsn, sn spb slvsj Hfstfhfsn.
(hsb Jcpfmf 887bQ, hf}rfjD 2/263)

mrfbhD

hstsYb,
.( 3^[ 56 a<^[ 3 ) 56 a< ) )
zKGf{, sp hAd (rfnfb-nfb) lcubsj Hfstfhfnt, sn zfnst
zfmfsj Hfstfhfnt. zfv sp hAd lcubsj OxBf jvt, sn zfnst
zfmfsj OxBf jvt. (dn} nrDrfr 2895bQ)
nfmf dhb pfql hstb, jlf sjfb iasqfusb sjfb j vfs zfdm
bhD -v dbje idk rtfm. bhD shv rstb. dkdb k]fv diYsb
djYc zfVft j'sv dYstb, ufdb bf kf jD? zk}iv zfmfv iasqfub swN
rst zfdm k]fsj httfm, `Wef jD, pf zfidb zfVft j'sv zfsYb?'
dkdb zfVft nvfst slJf sot, k]fv diYsb rfnfb W nfb. zk}iv
dkdb htstb,
.( a<&,' V) a< )2 a<&) M ! B< M$3 3 3 /C)
zKGf{, lcub zfmfv ic hQ zfmfv jbAfic. sr zffr! zfdm
slvsj Hfstfhfdn, nckvfQ kcdm slvsj Hfstfhfsnf hQ kfsj
Hfstfhfsnf, sp slvsj Hfstfhfsn. (dkvdmpD 3769, hsb drfb, n} ufsm'
7003bQ)

hfvf' hstb, jlf bhD rfnfb-nfbsj slsJ htstb, sr

zffr! zfdm slvsj Hfstfhfdn, nckvfQ kcdm slvsj Hfstfhfsnf.
(dkvdmpD 3782bQ)

mrfbhD -v Hfstfhfnfv if, zfmfslv njstv Hfstfhfnfv if.

k]fvf uffkD hQ pchj uffkDslv nlGfv. mrfbhD hstsYb,
.( 3 NC + 5YG> G4T 4T)

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

67

zKGf{, rfnfb-nfb uffkD pchjslv nlGfv. (dn} nrDrfr 796bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.( a<3 8* G0 aC% 3 NC + 5YG> G4T 4T /C 3 )
zKGf{, zfmfv lc ic rfnfb W nfb uffkD pchjslv nlGfv.
zfv slv dikf slv sKsj swa. (hsb zfnfdjv, n} ufsm' 47bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.( 3 NC + 5YG> G4T 4T M 8S N'8 E M P )
zKGf{, duhvDt zfmfv dbje sn ncnQhfl dlstb sp, rfnfb-nfb
uffkD pchjslv nlGfv. (hsb nf'l, n} ufsm' 63bQ)

mct mc'dmbDb zfsqwf

(vfdpqff zfbrf)v mpGflf
db vfnCtcfr -v diaqkmf D.
k]fv dikf zfmDvt mc'dmbDb iaKm JtDIf zfhC hfjXv dnDj.
jcmfvD zfsqwf dYstb mrfbhD -v si slJf D. jlf mrfbhD
k]fsj htstb,
S# IP 8 7/C %6' 8 '8)
8> M I ( GP8 3a M I$'( )
.( ^a' 53h /C I' !% 2 MC < ?3h
zfdm (dhhfsrv iCshG) skfmfsj lc-lchfv si slsJdY. slJtfm kcdm
j J svwmhsv msLA vsqY. zfv zfmfsj sj htsY, ` rt
skfmfv D.' zfdm jfiV ndvsq sldJ, sn skf kcdm. kfviv Hfhtfm,
pdl ef zffrv i[ sKsj rq, kfrst dkdb kf hfhfqb jvshb.
(hcJfvD 3895, mcndtm 6436bQ)

mrfbhD -v jfsY k]fv dhwft mpGflf dYt. zfv sn jfvsB duhvDt

-W k]fsj nftfm dlskb. mf zfsqwf hstb, jlf vfnCtcfr
zfmfsj htstb,
.( 4 If86' N'8 E /C f h ')

68

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

sr zfsqw! duhaDt
skfmfsj nftfm siw jvsYb.
zfdmW sv httfm, `zzftfdrn nftfmc zvfrXmfkcfdr
zhfvfjfkcr.'
(qf vfnCtffr!) zfmvf pf slJsk if bf, kf zfidb slJsk ifb.
(hcJfvD W mcndtm 6457bQ)

mrfbhD
k]fsj Jch Hfstfhfnskb. hvQ JflDuf (vfdpqff
zfbrf)v iv njt Dslv yfsk k]fsj shdw Hfstfhfnskb. kfv
iajdx kok jde jfvB dYt, dkdb dYstb jmf jcmfvD D. kfYfVf
dkdb dYstb zsbj sBv zdLjfdvBD.
jlf zfmXv dhb zfn k]fsj dufnf jvstb, `stfsjslv msLA
zfibfv nhsysq diaqkm sj?'
sv dkdb htstb, zfsqwf.
---icvNslv msLA sj?
dkdb htstb, kfv zff.
---kfviv sj?
dkdb htstb, mfv dhb Jffh.
zk}iv zfsvf djYc stfsjv bfm dbstb. (hcJfvD 4358, mcndtm
6328bQ)

Lc zffrv bhD - bb, stfsjvfW zfsqwfsj Jch iYl jvk.

spdlb k]fv hfdVsk mrfbhD -v iftf Kfjk, sn dlb dhswN j'sv
stfsjvf k]fv jfsY irfv-isTZjb ifEfk. nckvfQ jdlb njt
nikD sm nftfmf (vfdpqff zfbrf)v hfnfq jdk rsq htfhdt
jvt, `sr sm nftfmf! zffrv jnm! stfsjvf skf shsY shsY
zfsqwfv dlsb kfv hfnfsk irfv-isTZjb ifEfq. zKy zfmvfW
mt yf, spmb zfsqwf yfq. kcdm zffrv vnCt -sj ht, pfsk dkdb
stfsjslvsj zfslw jsvb sp, dkdb spJfsb Kfsjb, spJfsb k]fv
iftf Kfj, kfvf spb snJfsb dbsuslv irfv-isTZjb ifEfq.'
nckvfQ sm nftfmf bhD -sj sn jKf htstb. dj dkdb mcJ
dIdvsq dbstb. sm nftfmf zfhfvW htstb. dj dkdb zfhfvW mcJ

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

69

dIdvsq dbstb. kxkDqhfv sn jKf sJ jvst mrfbhD

k]fsj
htstb,
H , M M)% M h
? Sf h M M3'\P a > )'
.( C8GA g3 U 8
sr sm nftfmf! zfsqwfv hAfifsv kcdm zfmfsj j dlsqf bf.
spsrkc zffrv jnm! sn YfVf skfmfslv msLA zbA sjfb Dv stsiv
dHkv Kfjf zhfq zfmfv iadk zrD zhkDBG rqdb. (hcJfvD 3775bQ)
zfsqwf (vfdpqff zfbrf) dYstb ixKj hdwsAv zdLjfdvBD.
zbAfbA mdrtfslv kctbfq k]fv mpGflf dYt zsbj shdw.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.( 8f > h 5'8 N^@# 4Y3 h Sf h N^ )!
nm mdrtfslv msLA zfsqwf (vfdpqff zfbrfv)v mpGflf vi,
spmb nm JfslAv msLA `nfvDl' (sofwXk dmdwak vdev itf) nhGfdLj
hdwsAv lfhD vfsJ. (hcJfvD, mcndtm 6452bQ)
bhczskv hlbfm jvfv ubA hQ bhDsj sYfe jvfv ubA mcbfdIjvf
zfsqwfv bfsm dmKAf jtsv jfdtmf stib jsv. mrfb zffr k]fv
nkDk iamfsB zft-jcvzfsbv (nCvf bCsvv) lwde zfqfk zhkDBG jsvb.
kfshqD mcrfdn mfnvj (v}) rflDn hBGbfjfst htskb,
....U 8 a VG ) G ) _'Y5W
Y 3 6'Y5W
Y M3$5)
zKGf{, dnDsjv jbAf dnDjf, zffrv diasqv diaqf, jtmc
(zfsqwf) zfmfsj rflDn hBGbf jsvsYb|||||||.
zfsqwf sp jub nydvhkD mdrtf, sn jKf jcvzfsb i jvf
rsqsY. mrfb zffr dbu bhDsj spfoA nrLdmGbD lfb jsvsYb. bhD
Hfstf rst k]fv zLGfdbD Hfstf rsh bf sjb? mrfb zffr hstsYb,
GY % GY t GY GY G % G t G G }

{B* '8# ( *U8@[ B< % %6' a D8 I

zKGf{, lcydv bfvD lcydv icvsNv ubA; lcydv icvN lcydv
bfvDv ubA; nydv bfvD nydv icvsNv ubA hQ nydv icvN

70

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

nydv bfvDv ubA (ipc). (nydv)slv ns stfsj pf hst,

vf kf rsk idh. slv ubA zfsY [mf hQ nmfbubj uDdhjf.
(bCv } 26)

kJb j nmq vfnCtc fr -v 9de nrLdmGBD. j-jef dlb

j-j Dv hfnfq iftf jvf dYt. uDhsbv swN nmsq znc rsq
iVst iaskAj dlb iaskAj Dsj dufnf jsvsYb, zfofmD jft zfdm
jfv hfnfq? zfofmD jft zfdm jfv hfnfq? dkdb msb msb zfsqwfv
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3774bQ)

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Yf iajfw jvstb. mf zfsqwf dmnWqfj dbsq dydhsq bvm j'sv dlst
dkdb dmnWqfj jvstb.
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jdEb pBf.
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lfW. zfmfv iadk kcdm lqf jv. sr zffr! zfmfsj kcdm ncmrfb hcv
nfsK dmdtk jv.
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hfnfq k]fv hcsj mfKf svsJ. k]fv lfIbW rt k]fv hfnfq.
kfskf dkdb ohG j'sv htskb,
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71

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hcj W otfv mfsU (mfKf svsJ). (zdm mcrCskG) zffr zfmfv Kckc W
k]fv Kckcsj jdk jsvsYb. (hcJfvD 3100bQ)
mb HfoAhkD mdrtf dj zbA njt swa mdrtfslv mskf swaskv
zdLjfv vfsJb bf?

mfsb zoaBD nfrfhf -slv mpGflf

sp njt nfrfhfoB ntfsmv Iusv mfb zfbqb jsvsYb, Dsbv
bhDv nrspfdokf jsvsYb, Dblfvslvsj nfrfpA jsvsYb, Dsbv ubA
nQoafm W tVf jsvsYb, mrfb zffr k]fslv iawQnf jsvsYb hQ
k]fslvsj k]fv nd W uffskv iadkwadk lfb jsvsYb.
dkdb hstsYb,
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%$ U(%> () {BGl %@
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zfv spnh stfj nvt zsv kfslv zbcofmD, zffr kfslv iadk n
hQ kfvfW k]fsk n. dkdb kfslv ubA mb lAfbnmCr iak j'sv
svsJsYb, pfv ktslsw blDmftf iahfdrk; pfv msLA kfvf dyvfqDHfsh
zhfb jvsh, rt dhvfe nItkf. (kfWhfr } 100)
mcrfduv rsq p]fvf Db W mfb h]fyfsbfv kfjDsl slwkAfo jsvsYb,
mrfb zffr k]fslv iawQnf jsv hstsYb,
Y ^ % [$ ' B< % BC( ' %E80 '/ ' 8E <a 86@ }
{% W BC I %>( 8W3' k%|(
zKGf{, ( nil) zHfhoa mcrfduv (LsmGv ubA slwkAfoD)slv
ubA, pfvf dbsuslv Ov-hfVD W nid rsk hdrjk
x rsqsY; kfvf
zffrv zbcoar W nd jfmbf jsv hQ zffr W kf]v vnCtsj nfrfpA
jsv. kfvf skf nkAfwaqD. (rfwXv } 8)

72

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nQjDBGkf bf svsJ k]fslvsj dbsuslv nislv HfoD jsvsYb, iviv
fkxskv hsb zfh rsqsYb, mbdj jfdLj Dv fmD rsq Kfjst
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mcrfduvslvsj pf slWqf rsqsY, kfv ubA kfvf zsv NGf sifNB jsv
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kfvf nItjfm. (rfwXv } 9)

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zQwoarB jsvdYstb. sp pc dYt ntfsmv iaKm pc, rj W hfdkstv
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{( W b M 2 U 8 I M !S' 78W3 5Y'\' ] G ( B<G Y

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zbAlt zdhhfnD dYt. kfvf (zdhhfdnoB) hfrAlxdsk Wslv
(mcndtmslv)sj dB slJdYt. zfv zffr pfsj Yf dbu nfrfpA fvf

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

73

wdwftD jsvb. dbyq sk zlGdx ni stfsjslv ubA islw

vsqsY. (st mvfb } 13)
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zKGf{, nvB jv, pJb skfmfslv iadkiftj dIdvfosBv iadk
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mc'dmboBsj zdhydtk vfJ. pfvf zdhhfn jsv, zfdm zdysv kfslv
rlsq zfk ias[i jvh. nckvfQ kfslv OfsVv iv zfOfk jv hQ
zfOfk jv kfslv nhGfs. (bXIft } 12)
M G ] ( g G ( !G ( B< $ ] g BC% $6P B }
@ b( ) {B* G h j* Ga> ] ! 34) q 3 t3 \a
zKGf{, skfmvf kfslvsj rkAf jvdb, hvQ zffr kfslvsj rkAf
jsvsYb. hQ kcdm pJb (mfde) dbs[i jsvdYst, kJb kcdm dbs[i
jvdb, hvQ zffr dbs[i jsvdYstb. pfsk dkdb mc'dmboBsj dbsuv
kvI rsk mvsi ivD[f (jsv icvxk) jsvb. dbyq zffr
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wdwftD jsvsYb. dkdb Wslv ivisvv rlsqv msLA iaDdk fib
jsvsYb, ixdKhDv pfhkDq nil hAq jvstW kcdm kfslv rlsqv msLA
iaDdk fib jvsk ifvsk bf, dj zffr kfslv msLA iaDdk fib
jsvsYb. dbyq dkdb ivfmwftD, iafmq. (bXIft } 62-63)

74

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rsq hstsYb, `skfmvf pfsYkf zfmt jv, zfdm skfmfslvsj [mf
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htstb, `zfdm zffrv jnm j'sv htdY sp, zffrv vnCt

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

75

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j'sv lfW, bsy{ skfmfsj niCBG t j'sv kfwD yftfh.'
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skfmvf zbA dlsj mcJ dIvfW.'
k]fvf zbA dlsj mcJ dIvfst sn kfv sjfmsv h]fLf WVbf hf mfKfv ycstv
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-v dbje idk rstb. dkdb rfskhsj sFsj dufnf jvstb,
kcdm mb nfQOfdkj jfu jsvY sjb?
rfskh htstb, `sr zffrv vnCt! hAfifsv kfVfkfdV zfmfv
dhvs sjfb dnf oarB jvshb bf. zffrv jnm! zffr W k]fv
vnCstv iv zfmfv iCBG dhwfn vsqsY. zfdm LmGkAfoD b hQ zfmfv
msLA sjfb idvhkGbW zfsndb. jcvfwslv ns zfmfv sjfb vsv
nijGW sb. ksh jKf rsY sp, sjfb sjfb hAfifsv zfdm kfslv
ns nQdw dYtfm hQ zfmfv idvhfsvv nlnA W nfb-ndkvf
snJfsb zfsY. kfslv nfsK zfmfv mb sjfb zfkDqkf hf nijG sb
sp, kfv Ist zfmfv idvhfsvv stfjubslv slJfswfbf jvsh. i[fsv
zfmfv ns p]fvf vsqsYb, k]fslv njstv zfkDq-ub vsqsY, pfvf
kfslv zfibubslv slJfswfbf jvsh. pdlW jfu niCBG shzfbD W
zfmfv zdLjfv hdrHCGk, khcW jde sswA zfdm jcvfwslv
iadk jec rnfbD jvsk sysqdYtfm. pfsk kfvf kfv dhdbmsq zfmfv
zfkDq-ubslv iadk pkwDt rq.'
sn jfu k hV mfvfkj dYt sp, mfv sduk rsq htstb,
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jfvB sn zffr W k]fv vnCstv dhwfnOfkjkf jsvsY hQ mcbfdIj
rsq sosY.'
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pcs zQwoarB jsvsY? zfv dbyq zffr hlv pcs zQwoarBjfvDslv
(zhf) susb W slsJ hstsYb, `skfmvf pf Yf kf jv, zfdm
skfmfslvsj [mf j'sv dlsqdY.

76

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

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sm vhfsq' dhs hfvf' dpdb rfsvNfr hsb nCvfjfv mf, dkdb bhD
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pcs zQw oarBjfvDslvsj zfibfslv mfsU jDvi oBA jsvb?' dkdb
htstb, nhGswa mcndtmslv swaBDHc oBA jdv. zKhf zbcvi sjfb
hfjA dkdb htstb. (duhvDt) htstb, `hlv pcs zQwoarBjfvD
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77

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zfJAfdqk jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
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pJb skfmvf kfslvsj zffrv dbslGwsm rkAf jvdYst. zhswsN
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jsvdYst hQ pf skfmvf iYl jv kf (dhuq) skfmfslvsj slJfsbfv
isv skfmvf zhfLA rsqdYst (kJb dhuq vdrk rt). skfmfslv jkj
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zk}iv skfmfslvsj ivD[f jvfv ubA dkdb skfmfslvsj kfslv
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************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

78

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nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

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vfsJ. dkdb nmfb -sj Dq iadkdbdL drnfsh mfq ifEfb. pfsk
dkdb jcvfw sbkxhsx lv nfsK zfstfybf j'sv kfslvsj mcndtmslv
mvfr jvfv zbcmdk slWqfv hAfifsv c jsvb. dj Nmfb v mf omsbv iv kf]v wrDl rWqfv uh vse sot. kf bhD
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80

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

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sn nfsK dkdb k]fslvsj uffskv Wqflf dlsqsYb hQ ifismfyb
jvfv jKf hstsYb,
<G '5 0 ( < 2 < $,P 8 OP 3E 3 \a t3 \a N05G }
{ ak Glh k% 53h I # B<P YG> B<3h 8K@g'
zKGf{, ef ubA sp, dkdb mc'dmb icvNslvsj W mc'dmb bfvDslvsj
iashw jvfshb uffsk, pfv dbbslsw blDmftf iahfdrk, spJfsb kfvf
fqD rsh hQ dkdb kfslv ifivfdw smfyb jvshb; ef zffrv dbje
mrf nfItA. ( } 5)
bhDv rfsk sn hfzfksj zffrv rfsk hfzfk hst nmfb
dlsqsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
g3' a ? g a B<'5' % 5' % ' ' a ! I % ' ' '/ }!
$@ U(%> () { ak Glh k8E GP\G4 G h 5C h a 4@ h
zKGf{, dbyq pfvf skfmfv hfqzfk oarB jsv, kfvf skf zffrv
hfqzfk oarB jsv. zffrv rfk kfslv rfskv iv. nckvfQ sp kf
H jsv, kf H jvhfv idvBfm kfsj sHfo jvsk rsh hQ sp
zffrv nfsK zDjfv iCBG jsv, dkdb kfsj mrf icvfv slb. ( } 10)
mrfb zffr k]fslv iadk kc hst sOfNBf dlsqsYb,
B< % M
B U8OS ,P I % ' ' !t3 \a h M|( 56 }

$@ ( ) { k'8 ,
k $ B< B<G h 3Gg4 2
zKGf{, zffr mc'dmbslv iadk n rstb, pJb kfvf hx[kst
skfmfv dbje hfqzfk oarB jvt kJb. kfslv zsv pf dYt kf dkdb
zhok dYstb; kfslv iadk dkdb zhkDBG jvstb iawfd hQ kfslvsj
icvfv dlstb zfn dhuq. ( } 18)
sn dlbjfv mfbcNslv ubA mrfbhD hstdYstb,

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

81

. (b NC 8G0 %G B$
zKGf{, zfu skfmvf dhwsnvf mfbcN. (hcJfvD 4154, mcndtm 4918bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.( G '5, k(5 5< 5* ) ( 3 N05' )
zKGf{, sp sj hlv W lfdhqAfsk idk dYt, sn ufrffsm iashw
jvsh bf. (zfrmfl 27042, n} ufsm' 5227bQ)
jlf rfskshv j softfm k]fv dhvs zffrv vnCt -v jfsY
zdHspfo dbsq sn htt, `sr zffrv vnCt! rfskh zhwA ufrffsm
pfsh.'
jKf sb vfnCtcfr htstb,
. G '5, k(5 5< ? < 05' /#
dmKAf htst kcdm. sn ufrffsm pfsh bf. jfvB sn skf hlv W
lfdhqfsk idk dYt. (zfrmfl 14484, mcndtm 6559, dkvdmpD
3864, rfsjm 5308bQ)

zfhC hfjXv dnDj

-v IpDtk

k]fv bfm zfcfr dhb Nmfb kfmD. zsbsj hstsYb, k]fv bfm dYt
zfkDj. k]fv ibfm zfhC hfjXv hQ kfsk dkdb iadn.
k]fv ifdL rt dnDsj zfjhfv.
p]fvf zffr W k]fv vnCtosBv iadk mfb vfsJ kKf nkA hst dhwfn
jsv, k]fvf dnDj. khcW zfhC hfjXv dYstb nhsysq hV dnDj.
dkdb icvNslv msLA nhGiaKm mcndtm. dkdb nhGiaKm nkAfqb jsvsYb
sp, zffr YfVf ndkAjfv sjfb ifnA sb, mcrfmfl k]fv siadvk
lCk W vnCt.
zffrv k]fv vnCtsj j vfs mf sKsj suvufstm hQ snJfb
sKsj nfk zfnmfb msB (nvf W dm'vfsu) dbsq sostb. nwvDsv
mb pff nkA zdhwfnA dYt. mcwdvjvf kf zhfh hst dVsq dlt.
sj zfhC hfjXvsj htt, `sbY skfmfv nfKD lfbDQ jD htsY?'
---dkdb jD htsYb?

82

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

---sn bfdj j vfsk dIdtDsbv hfkct mfjdln W nfk zfnmfb

mB j'sv snsY!
dnDj zdk fHfdhjHfsh uhfh dlsq htstb, `db pdl kf htsYb,
kfrst nkA htsYb.' (rfsjm 3/65, dn} nrDrfr 306bQ)
zffrv bhD pf htskb, dhbf dLfq dkdb kf dhwfn jvskb.
jKfv nf[A dlsqsYb sJfl bhD . jlf Iusvv bfmfspv iv
stfsjslv dlsj dIsv hsn mrfbhD htstb, j hAd jde ovv
iv mft svsJ yftfsk yft. kfv iv nWqfv rsq kfsj mfvsk
tfot. ovde kfv dlsj dIsv mcsJ htt, `zfdm ubA nxd rdb. zfdm
skf yfsNv ubA nxd rsqdY.'
stfsjvf sb zhfj rsq hst Et, `nchrfbffr! ov jKf hst?!'
mrfbhD htstb,
. 8ah 8 g %
Y?
zKGf{, zfdm, zfhC hfjXv W mfv jKf dhwfn jdv.
jlf jde stfj kfv Yfoifstv mfsU dYt. kAhnsv jde sbjsV
hfO ifst rfbf dlsq jde Yfot Lsv dbsq spsk tfot. stfjde hfsOv
disY LfWqf j'sv Yfotdesj YfdVsq dbt. sbjsVde kfsj htt, `zfu
Wsj h]fdysq dbst. dj dnQr zfmsBv dlsb Wsj sj h]fyfsh, spdlb
zfdm YfVf Wv sjfb vfJft Kfjsh bf. (kcdmW Hsq iftfsh.)'
stfsjvf jKf sb zhfj rsq hst Et, `nchrfbffr! sbjsV jKf
hst?!'
mrfbhD htstb,
. 8ah 8 g %
Y?
zKGf{, zfdm, zfhC hfjXv W mfv jKf dhwfn jdv.
hBGbfjfvD hstb, jKf htfv nmq zfhC hfjXv W mfv snJfsb
idk dYstb bf. (hcJfvD 3471, mcndtm 6334bQ)
zfhC hfjXv mrfbhD -v mb dwNA sp, zdk nQje mcrCskG dkdb
k]fv nfKD dYstb. zfv Hsqv nfKD dYstb mrfb zffr. jcvzfsb sn
nfKDskv jKf htf rsqsY,

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

83

( [ M aC !G3 M 8@# '/ E80 ] !78W 56 78W3P !}

B % 3O 75 ' G h $3Gg> ] 2 3

] ! ,P

) W %6' !

{B* Gg) * 'h ] G MC ] a # @ 4& 8@# '/ a # N E C8P

zKGf{, pdl skfmvf kfsj (vfnCtcfrsj) nfrfpA bf jv, kfrst
zffr (kfsj nfrfpA jvshb spmb dkdb) kfsj nfrfpA jsvdYstb
sn nmsq, pJb zdhwfnDvf kfsj (mf rsk) hdrjfv j'sv dlsqdYt,
pJb sn dYt lc'usbv msLA jub; pJb Hsq rfv msLA dYt. sn
kJb Dq nD (zfhc hfjXv)sj hstdYt, `kcdm dhNB rsqf bf. dbyq
zffr zfmfslv ns vsqsYb.' zk}iv zffr kfv iadk Dq nfbf
zhkDBG jvstb hQ mb snbflt fvf kfsj wdwftD jvstb,
pfslvsj skfmvf slJsk ifWdb hQ dkdb zdhwfnDslv hfjA bDyc jsv
dlstb, zfv zffrv hfBD nmcy vstf. zfv zffr ivfmwftD,
iafmq. (kfWhfr } 40)
mf sKsj mlDbfq druvskv isK zfhC hfjXv dYstb dbhGfdyk nfKD.
druvskv isK k]fslvsj zfksofib jvsk rsqdYt. dkdb hstb,
zfdm mcwdvjslv ifsqv dlsj kfjftfm pJb zfmvf (nWv) rfq
(tcdjsq) dYtfm hQ kfvf zfmfslv mfKfv isv dYt. zk}iv zfdm
httfm, `sr zffrv vnCt! pdl kfslv msLA sj kfv ifsqv bDsy
kfjfq, ksh sn zfmfslvsj slsJ sItsh.' bhD htstb,
.( a< G3 8 g
' I&3 )
sr zfhC hfjXv! sn lc'ub nisjG skfmfv jD LfvBf, pfslv kxkDqub
zffr. (hcJfvD 3653, mcndtm 6319bQ)
zfhC nfl JclvD hstb, jlf bhD k]fv HfNsB htstb,
( $0 75 3h G G &5 U8C GP\' G 78G0 k5 h ) !
.(753h
zffr j hflfsj lcdbqfv yfjdyjA W k]fv jfsY pf zfsY kfv
mfsU Jdkqfv dlsqsYb. hflf k]fv jfsY pf zfsY, kf Jdkqfv j'sv

84

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

dbsqsY. jKf sb zfhC hfjXv

j]flsk tfostb hQ htstb,
`zfmfslv hfi-mf zfibfv ubA jcvhfb srfj.'
zfmvf zhfj rtfm. stfsjvf htsk tfot, `slsJf! hx j]flsYb
sjb? zffr skf j hflfsj lcdbqfv yfjdyjA W k]fv jfsY pf zfsY
kfv mfsU Jdkqfv dlsqsYb. zfv hflf k]fv jfsY pf zfsY, kf
Jdkqfv j'sv dbsqsY. (kfsk j]flfv jD zfsY?) kfsk `zfmfslv
hfi-mf jcvhfb srfj htfv jD zfsY?'
dj zffrv vnCt
dYstb sn hflf, p]fsj Jdkqfv slWqf
rsqdYt. zfv zfhc hfjXv dYstb zfmfslv msLA nhsysq fbD.
zfv vfnCtcfr hstsYb,
M$
G 0 k/$ 3# % 8 g
$ ,- M M h 3 Y
!
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/P
sp zfmfsj kfv dbu nfrypG W Lb-nil dlsq zbcorx Dk W LbA
jsvsY, sn rt zfhC hfjXv. zfdm pdl zfmfv mskv jfsj
`JftDt'vsi oarB jvkfm, kfrst zfhC hfjXvsj `JftDt'vsi oarB
jvkfm. dj ntfmD hck vsqsY.
mndusl zfhC hfjsvv iashwiK YfVf sjfb iashwiK zhwA zhdw
Kfjsh bf. (hcJfvD 3904, mcndtm 6320bQ)
jlf zffrv bhD
htstb, zfhc hfjsvv Lb-nil spHfsh
zfmfsj ijxk jsvsY, zbA sjfb Lb-nil kf jsvdb. jKf sb
zfhC hfjXv sj]sl sItstb hQ htstb, `zfdm W zfmfv Lb-nil
skf zfibfv ubA sr zffrv vnCt!' jKf sb mfv
sj]sl
sItstb hQ htstb, `zfmfv zff skfmfv ubA jcvhfb srfj sr zfhc
hfjXv! sp sjfb jtAfsB zfdm skfmfv nfsK iadkspfdokfq sbsmdY,
kfsk kcdm iaKm fb lJt j'sv dbsqY!' (ncltc ofhfr iamcJ)
mfv dhb Jffh hstb, jlf zffrv vnCt zfmfslvsj lfb
jvsk zfslw dlstb. sn nmq zfmfv jfsY shw djYc mft dYt. zfdm
msb msb httfm, pdl sjfbdlb zfhC hfjXvsj rfvfsk ifdv, kfrst zfu
zfdm iadkspfdokfq k]fsj rfdvsq sIth. nckvfQ zfdm zfmfv zsLGj

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

85

mft dbsq sn vnCtcfrv lvhfsv rfdpv rtfm. dkdb zfmfsj dufnf

jvstb, (k mft!) kcdm skfmfv Osv idvusbv ubA jD svsJ st?
sv zfdm httfm, `zbcvi zsLGj svsJ sndY.' zfv dlsj zfhC
hfjXv k]fv hfdVv nm mft dbsq rfdpv rstb. k]fsj zffrv bhD
dufnf jvstb, kcdm skfmfv idvusbv ubA Osv jD svsJ st?
sv dkdb htstb, `zfdm Osv kfslv ubA zffr W k]fv vnCtsj svsJ
sndY!' kJb msb msb httfm sp, `zfhC hfjXsvv jfsY sjfb
iadkspfdokfsk zfdm duksk ifvh bf.' (zfhC lfl 1680, dkvdmpD
3675bQ)

zfhC hfjXsvv sn lfbwDtkf W hlfbAkf hQ kfv iadklfsbv jKf

mrfb zffr jcvzfsb sJ jsvsYb,
a
753h 5)b ( ) #$'
MP\' / ( ) 6Pb < 3OG>}

NG U(%> () { |8' H%4 ( ) hb Y( E[ $ ( ! ) OP

zKGf{, zffrHDvsj ufrffm sKsj lCsv vfJf rsh. sp zfkdv
ubA kfv Lb-nil lfb jsv hQ kfv iadk jfsvf sjfb zbcoasrv
iadklfsb bq. sjht kfv mrfb iftbjkGfv mcJmt (lwGb hf nd)
tfsHv iakAfwfq. zfv sn zdysv n rsh. (tft } 17-21)
zKGf{, sp hAd nm ocsBv zdLjfvD rsh, zffr kfsj uffskv
dbqfmk hQ nmfb W mpGflf lfb jvshb. pfv jfvsB sn n W vfpD
rsq pfsh. zdLjfQw hAfJAfkfoB hstsYb, hvQ sj sj hAfifsv
`umf' (jAmk) hBGbf jsvsYb sp, zfqfkdt zfhc hfjv v wfsb zhkDBG rsqsY.
kfskf mrfbhD
hstsYb, zfdm ixdKhDv jfsj `JftDt'vsi
oarB jvst hsb zfhD jcrfIfr (zfhC hfjXv)sj `JftDt'vsi oarB
jvkfm. dj skfmfslv nfKD `JftDtcfr'. (mcndtm 6326bQ)
zfhC hfjXv dnDj dYstb mrfbhD -v diaqkmf D zfsqwfv dikf.
jlf zfmXv dhb zfn k]fsj dufnf jvstb, `stfsjslv msLA zfibfv
nhsysq diaqkm sj?'
sv dkdb htstb, zfsqwf.

86

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

---icvNslv msLA sj?

dkdb htstb, kfv zff.
---kfviv sj?
dkdb htstb, mfv dhb Jffh.
zk}iv zfsvf djYc stfsjv bfm dbstb. (hcJfvD 4358, mcndtm

6328bQ)

zfhC mCnf
hstb, bhD znc rsq iVstb. k]fv znckf Jch
shsV sot. bfmfspv zfpfb rst dkdb htstb,
.( 3 YNWG 8 g
8 )
skfmvf zfhC hfjXvsj zfslw jv, spb stfsjslv mfmdk jsv.
stfsjvf sjfb zH LfvBf jvsh zfwfq zfsqwf htstb, `db
skf bvm mfbcN. zfibfv ufqofq l]fVfst db stfsjslv mfmdk jvsk
ifvshb bf. jcvzfb iVfv nmq jffq stfsjslvsj zfWqfu swfbfsk
ifvshb bf.'
dkdb zfhfvW htstb, skfmvf zfhC hfjXvsj zfslw jv, spb
stfsjslv mfmdk jsv.
zfsqwfW j jKfv icbvfhxd jvstb.
dkdb zfsqwfsj nsfLb j'sv htstb, kcdm zfhC hfjXvsj zfslw
jv, spb stfsjslv mfmdk jsv.
khcW zfsqwf mfbstb bf. dkdb rfInfsj j jKf htsk
htstb. rfInf k]fsj htstb, `zfhC hfjXv bvm mfbcN. zfibfv
ufqofq l]fVfst db stfsjslv mfmdk jvsk ifvshb bf. zfidb hvQ
mfvsj zfslw jvb, stfsjslv mfmdk jvj.'
bhD
htstb, Kfsmf! skfmvf rst ncI-jfdrbDv mdrtflt.
(pfvf mcsJ hstdYt j, msb svsJdYt zbA djYc.) skfmvf zfhC hfjXvsj
zfslw jv, spb stfsjslv mfmdk jsv.
nckvfQ zfhC hfjXv dnDjsj htf rst dkdb stfsjslv mfmdk
jvstb. k]fv uDhwfq k]fv zfslsw dkdb rstb mfm. (hcJfvD 716,
7303, mcndtm 968, 975bQ)

htf hftA, dkdb dYstb mcndtmslv iaKm JtDIf.

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

87

dkdb dYstb mskv nhGswa hAd. dkdb uDhwfsk uffskv

ncnQhfl sisqsYb.
`nQnfsv sn hV rq, hV B pfv.' zfhC hfjXv dnDj dYstb bfbf
sBv zfLfv. nmfsu k]fv nmflv dYt. spmb dkdb zffrv hflk
jsvsYb, skmdb vfnCstv zfbcokA W nfmfduj jsmGv mfLAsmW hflk
j'sv dbsusj mrfb j'sv kcstdYstb.
jlf mrfbhD
nfrfhfslvsj dufnf jvstb, zfu skfmfslv
msLA sj svfpf zhfq njft jsvsY? zfhC hfjXv htstb, `zfdm.'
dkdb htstb, zfu skfmfslv msLA sj sjfb ufbfpfv zbcnvB
jsvsY? zfhC hfjXv htstb, `zfdm.' dkdb zfhfv htstb, zfu
skfmfslv msLA sj sjfb dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jsvsY? zfhC hfjXv
htstb, `zfdm.' dkdb htstb, zfu skfmfslv msLA sj sjfb svfoD
slJsk sosY? zfhC hfjXv htstb, `zfdm.' bhD htstb,
njt jfudt sp stfsjv msLA jdk rsh, sn uffk iashw
jvsh. (mcndtm 1028bQ)
dkdb hstsYb, sp hAd zffrv vffq sufVf h hAq jsv, kfsj
uffskv lvufnmCr sKsj Ffjf rsh, `sr zffrv hflf! lvufde
m (dlsj n).' nckvfQ sp bfmfpDslv ltHc rsh, kfsj bfmfspv
lvuf sKsj Ffj slWqf rsh. zfv sp mcufdrlslv ltHc rsh. kfsj
durfslv lvuf sKsj Ffjf rsh. sp svfpflfvslv ltHc rsh, kfsj
`vfqfb' bfmj lvuf sKsj zfrhfb jvf rsh. zfv lfkfsj lfsbv
lvuf sKsj Ffjf rsh. nh sb zfhC hfjXv
htstb, `sr
zffrv vnCt! zfmfv mfkf-dikf zfibfv ubA jcvhfb srfj, pfsj
Ffjf rsh kfv njt lvufv skf sjfb iasqfub sb. (sjbbf mcJA
swA rt, sjfbHfsh uffsk iashw jvf.) dj mb sj rsh dj,
pfsj njt lvufnmCr sKsj Ffjf rsh?' dkdb htstb, r]Af. zfv
zfwf jdv, kcdm kfslv ltHc rsh. (hcJfvD 1897, mcndtm)
Lc uffkD bb, dkdb rshb uffsk kfslv nlGfv, pfvf hx hqsn
mfvf sosY. mrfbhD hstsYb,

88

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

tYG 3 ' ! 8 0d t b

3 N C % <# 5YG > 8 ah 8 g % )

.(t >8
zKGf{, zfhC hfjXv W mfv bhD-vnCt YfVf iChGfiv njt hq
uffkDslv nlGfv. (zfrmfl, dkvdmpD, hsb mfufr, n} ufsm' 51bQ)

mfv Ifvj

-v IpDtk

uDhwfq shsrwXskv ncnQhfliaf 10 ub nfrfhfv zbAkm.

nfrfhfslv zbAkm zfstm W pfsrl.
mrfbhD -v wv, mct mc'dmbDb rfInfv dikf.
ntfsmv dkDq JtDIf zfmDvt mc'dmbDb.
nhGiaKm dkdb ntfmD dlb-idjf yftc jsvb.
k]fv ibfm dYt zfhC rfIXn. zfv rfIXn mfsb dnQsrv hfyf.
mrfbhD msb msb jfmbf jvskb hQ zffrv jfsY lczf j'sv
htskb, sr zffr! zfhC ufrXt W mfv--- lcsqv msLA skfmfv
jfsY sp diaq, kfsj dlsq ntfmsj wdwftD jv. nckvfQ k]fv jfsY
mfv diaq dYstb. kf dkdb ntfm oarB jsvdYstb. (dkvdmpD
3681bQ)

zbA hBGbfq zfsY, mrfbhD mfsvv ubA lczf j'sv htskb, sr

zffr! kcdm dhswN j'sv mfvsj dlsq ntfmsj wdwftD jv.
(hsb mfufr 105, dn} nrDrfr 3225bQ)

k]fv ifdL dYt `zft-Ifvj'. Ifvfj W ifKGjAjfvD. dkdb dYstb

rj W hfdkstv mfsU ifKGjAjfvD, jsEfvrs hfdktsj lmbjfvD. dkdb
zffrv Dsbv hAfifsv sjfb dblcsjv dblfsj Hq jvskb bf.
rj-hfdkstv Ifqnftf k]fv msb lq rskf. `rj' dhLfbvsi sOfdNk
rWqfv iCshG dkdb rj hst zbcLfhb jvsk ifvskb. zk}iv dkdb sp
vfq dlskb, sn vfsqv nis[ jcvzfb zhkDBG rskf.
1. hlv pcs 70 ub jfsIv mfvf iVt hQ 70 ub hlD rt. ef
jfsIv W mcndtmslv iaKm pc dYt. ubA pchlDslv hAfifsv jD
Lvsbv zfyvB jvf spsk ifsv--- hAfifsv iCBGvsi sjfb dhLfb i

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

89

dYt bf. nckvfQ bhD sn 70 ub hlDslv hAfifsv nfrfhfslv ns

ivfmwG jvstb sp, jD jvf pfsh? kfslvsj rkAf jvf rsh, bf djYc
mcdiB (dhdbmq) dbsq sYsV slWqf rsh? hLkf drnfsh lc'de vfq
ndEj dYt. sn ubA lc'de vfq dbsq dhshj-dhshybf W dyf-Hfhbf
jvsk tfostb. dj jJsbf jJsbf hLkf W zShLkf sKsj lxd
dIdvsq jft-if W idvddk hcsU zdLjkv m if zhtb jvfv
iasqfub rq. JfsbW zdLjkv jtAfBjv if zhtb jvf iasqfub
dYt. dj ShLkfsj nfmsb svsJ zsi[fjxk jmkv jtAfBjv if
zhtb jvf rt. mfv iaHdx koB bhD -sj ivfmwG dlstb
sp, jcIXsvv wd W iakfisj sHs sItf lvjfv zfsY. ubA
hlDslvsj rkAf jvf srfj. sjbbf, vf rt jcIXv W jfsIvslv iaLfb
W nmfdbk hAd. vf mcd sist ntfm W mcndtmslv dhvs
zdLjvsi yf yftfsh. i[fsv zfhc hfjXv iaHdx koB mfv v vfsqv dhivDk vfq siw jvstb sp, kfslv jfY sKsj mcdiB
(dhdbmq) dbsq kfslvsj sYsV slWqf srfj. zfv mft fvf zfofmD
pcsv ubA iadk sbWqf srfj. bhD vfqsj iafLfbA dlstb. dj
mfv -v vfsqv nmKGsb zfqfk zhkDBG rt,
G &5 8 h 5 '8P (b M ' $) 8> %g' M 3 # }

@ b U(%> () {B* Gg) * 'h ] U80d 5'8' ]

zKGf{, slsw niCBGHfsh w dbifk bf jvf ipG hlD vfJf sjfb
bhDv ubA nk bq. skfmvf jfmbf jv ifdKGh nil hQ zffr yfb
ivstfsjv jtAfB. zfv zffr ivfmwftD, iafmq. (bXIft } 67)
2. ntfsmv vv dlsj pJb ilGfv dhLfb zhkDBG rqdb, kJb
nfrfhfoB bhD-oxsr sost k]fv D-jbAfoB ilGf jvskb bf. Hfstf-ml
njt stfjsj slJf dlskb, njstv nfmsb zfnskb, njstv nfmsb
syrfvf Jcst vfJskb.
nhGiaKm mfv -v syfsJ dhNqde Jfvfi tfot. dkdb mrfbhD v jfsY iafh vfJstb, `zfibfv hfdVsk jk Hfstf-ml stfj zfsn.
zfidb pdl zfibfv Dslvsj ilGf jvsk htskb.'

90

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

v isv zhkDBG rt,

<G E
<G h t 5' t3 \a 4 IP 3 IE2K N M& 3 }' '&<
+)b U(%> () { ak G)( k(%@A #'\'
8 ' I
zKGf{, sr bhD! kcdm skfmfv DoBsj, jbAfoBsj W dhwfnDslv
vmBDoBsj ht, kfvf spb kfslv yflsvv djqlQw dbsuslv
(mcJmstv) iv sesb slq. sk kfslvsj sybf nrukv rsh; Ist
kfslvsj A jvf rsh bf. zfv zffr yvm [mfwDt, ivm lqftc.
(rXpfh } 59)

3. kWqfI swsN jf'hf yksvv mfjfsm hafrDsmv iyfsk 2 vfjfk

bfmfp iVfv dhLfb dYt bf. mfv Ifvj - iaKm zfwf sifNB
jvstb sp, pdl zfmvf mfjfsm hafrDmsj mcnff hfbfkfm.
zfwfbcvi jcvzfsbv zfqfk zhkDBG rt,
U86 U(%> () { LW BGC8 ! 6 /P}
zKGf{,`skfmvf mfjfsm hafrDm (hafrDsmv lf]Vfsbfv ufqof)sj
bfmfspv ufqofvsi oarB jv.' (hfjfvfr } 125, hcJfvD 402, mcndtm
6359bQ)

4. dhdH slw uqtfH jvfv iv pJb mcndtmslv zhf iCshGv

kctbfq djYcef nYt rt, kJb mcrfduv W zfbnfvslv Dslv slJfsldJ
mrfbhD -v DoBW sJfvsifsNv idvmfB hxdv lfhD ufbfstb. bhD
spsrkc dhtfnrDb uDhb-pff iYl jvskb, snsrkc Dslv
lfhDsk hV lc}dJk rstb hQ j mfsnv ubA Dslv dbje sKsj
zftflf rsq jfjD hfn jvstb. sn nmq jlf mfv dhb Jffh
k]fv Dslvsj islw dlstb hQ htstb, `pdl dkdb skfmfslvsj
idvkAfo jsvb, ksh kfv iadkiftj nhk} k]fsj skfmfslv zsi[f
{jx D lfb jvshb.'
mrfb zffr zfqfk zhkDBG jvstb,
$ 3 \& a 4 g3 Y k8 G0 E
k 5 ' g6 ~ (& !4h}
() {k( g GY ,f > 5 h f P

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

91

zKGf{, pdl sn (bhD) skfmfslvsj idvkAfo jsv, ksh kfv iadkiftj

nhk} kfsj slshb skfmfslv zsi[f {jx D; pfvf rsh
zfknmiGBjfdvBD, dhhfdnbD, zfbcokAwDtf, kWhfjfdvBD,
ifnbfjfdvBD, svfpf iftbjfdvBD, zjcmfvD hQ jcmfvD. (kfrvDm } 5,
hcJfvD 402bQ)

5. bfhftj dwslv oxr iashsw zbcmdkv hAfifsv mfv dhb Jffh

-v zfwfbcvi jcvzfsbv zfqfk zhkDBG rsqdYt,
B , % [ ' B '/ Bg a' g '/ Bg 2$4G %3 J '/ }' '&<

U <l Y Bg G % ^P t) 8O@ U - N

8 Bg3

BgG h % %~ C5 * 3E B<G h BgG h pG Bg (%h S U (% 3 ( ) {B* Gg) B* G h ' Bg GY ' I /# Z

h Bg^
zKGf{, sr mc'dmboB! skfmfslv zdLjfvHc lfn-lfdnoB hQ
skfmfslv msLA pfvf hq}iaf rqdb (bfhftj), kfvf spb skfmfslv js[
iashw jvsk dkbde nmsq zbcmdk oarB jsv; Iusvv bfmfspv iCshG,
diarsv pJb skfmvf dhwafsmv sswA hfrAfhvB Jcst vfJ kJb hQ
wfv bfmfspv iv. dkb nmq skfmfslv sofibDqkf zhtsbv nmq.
ksh dkb nmq hAkDk zbA nmsq dhbf zbcmdksk iashw jvst
skfmfslv ubA hQ kfslv ubA sjfb slfN sb. skfmfslv jsj
zisvv dbje skf nhGlf pfkfqfk jvsk rq. Hfsh zffr skfmfslv
dbje k]fv dbslGw nciHfsh dhhxk jsvb. zfv zffr nhG iafmq.
(bCv } 58, kInDv jcvkchD 12/276)

6. mcbfdIjslv nlGfv zfcfr dhb hf dhb nftCt mfvf sost kfv

mcndtm sYst zfcfr hfisj jfIbfsbfv ubA zffrv vnCt -v
jfsY k]fv jfmDn yfstb. dkdb kf lfb jvstb. zk}iv zfcfr kfv
ufbfpfv bfmfp iVfv ubA zfshlb jvstb. lqfv bhD kfv ubA
Esk sost mfv k]fv sthfn Lsv htstb,
.( G h K WP < 5 G h K WP %>( ')

92

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

`qf vfnCtffr! zfidb dj kfv ufbfpf iVshb, zKy zffr

zfibfsj kfv ufbfpf iVsk dbsNL jsvsYb?'
bhD htstb,
t > B < 8@[$4 P !B< 8@[$4P B< 8@[$> }6 8G0 a !

. t > h 5'2>{ U 8
`zffr skf zfmfsj Jdkqfv dlsq hstsYb, kcdm kfslv ubA [mf
iafKGbf jv zKhf bf jv (Hq nmfb); pdl kcdm kfslv ubA nv
hfvW [mf iafKGbf jv, khcW zffr kfslvsj jJb [mf jvshb bf.
(kfWhfr } 80) zfdm nv hfsvv zdLj [mf iafKGbf jvh.'
mfv htstb, `dj W sp mcbfdIj!'
khcW dkdb ufbfpf iVstb. zk}iv mrfb zffr mfv -v
vfqsj nmKGb j'sv zhkDBG jvstb,
% >( ] 8@# B< ! 78 h B6P k5 B<3Y 5) h YNWP }
%$ U(%> () {%6> BC %P
zKGf{, Wslv msLA sj mfvf sost kfv iv jJsbf (ufbfpfv) bfmfp
iVsh bf hQ kfv jhsvv jfsYW lf]Vfsh bf; kfvf zffr W kf]v
vnCstv nfsK jcIvD jsvsY hQ kfvf zhfLA zhfsk mxkAc hvB
jsvsY. (kfWhfr } 84, mcndtm 6360bQ)
mfv Ifvsjv mfLAsm swaBDv rj iajfswv jfvsB mrfbhD
hstdYstb,
.( 8ah 4 h _, N E )!
zKGf{, dbyq zffr mfsvv durf W rlsq rj dhbA jsvsYb.
zfcfr dhb mfv
hstsYb, stfsjslv sjfb nmnAf slJf dlst
kfvf sn hAfifsv mkfmk iajfw jvst hQ hbct JffhW dbu
mkfmk iajfw jvst jcvzfb zhkDBG rk k]fv mkfmksj nmKGb
j'sv. (zfrmfl, zfhC lfl 2962, dkvdmpD 3682, n} ufsm' 1736bQ)

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

93

mfv -v vfsqv nmKGsb mrfb zffr jcvzfsbv zfqfk zhkDBG

jvskb zKhf k]fv vfqef jcvzfsbv zbcnfvD rskf. mrfbhD -W k]fv
jKfv nmKGb jvskb.
zfhC vfvf hstb, jlf zfmvf zffrv vnCt -v yfdvifsw
hsndYtfm. zfmfslv nfsK zfhC hfjXv W mfv (vfdpqff zfbmf) kKf
zbAfbA nfrfhDoBW dYstb. kAhfq vfnCtcfr zfmfslv mfU sKsj
sE (hfsv) yst sostb. pJb dkdb dIsv zfnsk sldv j'sv dlstb,
kJb zfmfslv zfwQjf rt sp, zfmfslv zbciddksk dkdb (w)
jhdtk bf rb. lcdyfq zfmvf OfhsV sotfm hQ sE iVtfm.
k]fslv msLA zfdm nhGiaKm OfhsV dosqdYtfm. nckvfQ zfdm vfnCtcfr
-v nfsb shdvsq iVtfm. swN ipG zfdm zfbnfvslv hbC
bffsvv jde hfofsb si]ZsY kfv ykcdlGsj Ocvsk tfotfm, pdl sjfb
(iashw) lvuf if. dj kfv sjfb (iashw) lvuf sitfm bf. rEf{
slJtfm hfsvv jde jcqf sKsj nv bftf hfofsbv dHksv yst sosY.
zfdm snJfb dlsq uVnV rsq hfofsbv msLA Tcsj iVtfm. (slJtfm,)
zffrv vnCt snJfsb idk. dkdb hst Estb, zfhC vfvf?
zfdm httfm, `uD r]Af, sr zffr vnCt!' dkdb htstb, jD hAfifv
skfmfv? zfdm httfm, `zfidb zfmfslv msLA idk dYstb. dj
zjmf{ sE hfsv stb. kfviv zfibfv dIvsk sldv slsJ zfmvf
lcdyfq zff rsq idV sp, zfmfslv zbciddksk rqskf zfidb
(w) jhdtk rsq iVshb. pfv Ist zfmvf njst OfhsV Etfm.
nhGiaKm zfdm dhydtk rsq sE hfofsb sn uVnV rsq dwqfstv
mk Tcsj iVtfm. zfv nh stfj zfmfv diYsb zfnsY.' dkdb zfmfsj
nsfLb j'sv kf]v uckf sufVf dlsq htstb, zfhC vfvf! zfmfv
ucskf sufVf ns dbsq pfW hQ hfofsbv hfsv `tf tfrf ffr'
zsvv lxP dhhfsnv nfsK ifEjfvD sp sjfb hAdv nfsK skfmfv nf[f{
rsh, kfsj uffskv ncnQhfl dbsq lfW.
zfhC vfvf hstb, zk}iv nhGiaKm zfmfv nfsK mfsvv nf[f{
rt. dkdb htstb, `zfhC vfvf! ucskf-sufVf jfv?'

94

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

zfdm httfm, ` ucskf-sufVf vfnCtc fr -v. dkdb lc'desj dlsq

zfmfsj ubA ifEfstb sp, zfmfv ns pfv nf[f{ rsh, sn rlsqv lxP
iakAsqv nfsK `tf tfrf ffr' (zffr YfVf ndkAjfv sjfb ifnA
sb--- jKf)v nf[A dlst zfdm kfsj uffskv ncnQhfl slh.'
dkdb jKf sb zfmfv hcsjv mfsU j Lff mfvstb. zfdm ifYf Ecsj
isV sotfm. zk}iv dkdb htstb, `zfhC vfvf! kcdm dIsv pfW.'
nckvfQ zffrv vnCt -v jfsY zfdm j]fslfj]fslf zhfq dIsv
sotfm. zfmfv diYsb diYsb mfvW stb. zfmfsj vfnCtc fr
htstb, skfmfv jD rsqsY zfhC vfvf!
zfdm httfm, mfsvv ns nf[f{ rst zfidb sp usbA ifdEsqdYstb,
kf htst dkdb zfmfv hcsjv mfsU j Lff mfvstb. Ist zfdm ifYf
Ecsj isV sotfm. zk}iv dkdb htstb, `kcdm dIsv pfW.'
vfnCtcfr k]fsj htstb, sr mfv! jfu jvsk skfmfsj djsn
sduk jvt?
mfv htstb, `qf vfnCtffr! zfmfv hfi-mf zfibfv ubA jcvhfb
srfj. zfidb dj zfhC vfvfsj zfibfv ucskf-sufVf dlsq ubA
ifdYsqdYstb sp, kfv ns pfv nf[f{ rsh, sn rlsqv lxP iakAsqv nfsK
`tf tfrf ffr' (zffr YfVf ndkAjfv sjfb ifnA sb--- jKf)v
nf[A dlst sn kfsj uffskv ncnQhfl slsh?'
dkdb htstb, r]Af.
mfv
htstb, `zfidb ef jvshb bf. jfvB zfmfv Hq rq,
stfsj efv iv Hvnf j'sv sbsh. zfidb kfslvsj sYsV dlb, kfvf
zfmt jvj.'
vfnCtcfr
k]fv mk oarB j'sv htstb, kfrst sYsV lfW.
(mcndtm 156bQ)

rsjv dlwf ifWqf Ifvsjv tfrD nil. k]fv rlsq mrfb zffrv
i[ sKsj rsjv fb iad[ rq. vfnCtc fr hstsYb, skfmfslv
iChGhkDG ufdkv msLA zsbj `mcrffN' stfj dYt. pdl zfmfv mskv
msLA sj `mcrffN' Kfsj, kfrst sn rt mfv. (hcJfvD 3469, 3689,
mcndtm 6357bQ)

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

95

hsb zrfh hstb, `mcrffN' stfj rstb k]fvf, p]fslv msb (zffrv
i[ sKsj) trfm (Hfstf-mslv fb ias[i) jvf rq.
mfv Lc `mcrffN' dYstb bf, hvQ dkdb bhD rWqfvW spfoA
dYstb. swNbhD hstsYb,
.(+ 8ah g M 5 # % )
zKGf{, zfmfv iv sjfb bhD rst zhwA mfv dhb Jffh rskf.
(zfrmfl, dkvdmpD 3686, rfsjm, kfhfvfbD, dn} nrDrfr 327bQ)

htf hftA, mfv

dYstb tXsm idviCBG hAdk. Db W rjhfdkstv Ifqnftfv tXm k]fv msLA fb tfH jsvdYt. mrfbhD
hstsYb,
( @ M 8 ' Y8 ( 2 MY! $) 8S 56 GP B* f
3G )
.(+ 8ah M ^ Gh B
zKGf{, zfdm Ocm zhfq (si) slJtfm, zfmfv jfsY j siqftf
lcL zfbf rt. zfdm (kx rsq) kf ifb jvtfm. mbdj zfdm idvkxd
zfmfv bJ dlsq shv rsk slJtfm. zk}iv kfv zhdwfQw mfv dhb
Jffhsj dltfm.
stfsjvf htt, `sr zffrv vnCt! kfv hAfJAf jD jvstb?' dkdb
htstb, tXm. (hcJfvD 82, mcndtm 6341bQ)
DsbW dkdb idviCBG hAd dYstb. mrfbhD hstb,
<3 5 e ' <3a
* a B<G h M h %|8h 3 ( ' B* f
3G )
.(78$E
* Ga G h 8ah M h 8h I e '
zKGf{, zfdm Ocmfhfq (si) slJtfm, jfmDn-ivf stfjslvsj
zfmfv jfsY siw jvf rt. zsbsjv jfmDn dYt hcj hvfhv, zsbsjv
dYt kfv sKsj tf zKhf Jfsef. zfv mfvsj zfmfv dbje siw jvf
rt, kfv slsr dYt mb (tf) jfmDn, pf sn sY]ysV dbsq shVfdYt.
stfsjvf htt, `sr zffrv vnCt! kfv hAfJAf jD jvstb?' dkdb
htstb, Db. (hcJfvD 23, mcndtm 6340bQ)

96

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

jlf mfv dhb Jffh vfnCtc fr -v dbje iashswv zbcmdk

yfstb. kJb k]fv dbje jcvfswv djYc mdrtf k]fv nfsK jKf htdYt
hQ kfslv zdLj lfhD-lfWqf dbsq k]fv zfWqfsuv iv zfWqfu ]yc
jvdYt. mfv dhb Jffh zbcmdk yfst kfvf sE nkv ilGfv zfVfst
yst sot. zk}iv mfv iashw jvstb hQ vfnCtc fr
rfnsk
tfostb. mfv htstb, `sr zffrv vnCt! zffr zfibfv l]fksj
rfsnAft vfJcb.'
bhD htstb, mdrtfslv jf slsJ zfdm zhfj rtfm, pfvf
zfmfv jfsY dYt. zk}iv pJb skfmfv zfWqfu bsk sit, kJb
kfvf nkv ilGfv zfVfst yst sot.
mfv htstb, `sr zffrv vnCt! zfidb hAfifsv shdw rjlfv sp,
kfvf zfibfsj nmDr jvsh.'
zk}iv mdrtfslv sswA htstb, `sr dbu zfkfv lcwmb bfvDvf!
skfmvf zfmfsj nmDr jv zKy vfnCtc fr -sj nmDr jv bf.'
kfvf htt, `r]Af, zfidb vfnCtc frv yfsk shdw vP W jsEfv.'
vfnCtcfr htstb,
! O
g > GS I G6 75G M4@ / + < ' k '!)
.(IYO 8GA O
I>
Kfsmf sr hbct Jffh! sn nfv jnm, p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB
zfsY, wqkfb pJb skfmfsj sjfb isK ytsk slsJsY, kJb sn
skfmfv iK sYsV zbA iK Lsv ystsY. (hcJfvD 3294, mcndtm 6355bQ)
mfv dhb Jffh, jk Hfstf mfbcN! dj nhf dj nhfv jfsY Hfstf
rsk ifsv? mslv jfsY Hfstf, Hfstf bq. k]fsjW j mslv rfsk
wrDl rsk rt! kfW Iusvv bfmfpvk zhfq!!
dmnWqfv dhb mfJvfmfr hstb, mfvsj pJb YcdvjfOfk jvf rt,
kJb dkdb hAKf zbcHh jvdYstb. sn nmq hsb zffn k]fsj nfbf
slWqfv sswA htstb, `sr zfmDvft mc'dmbDb! mb rstW zfibfv
lc}sJv sjfb jfvB sb. spsrkc zfidb zffrv vnCt -v nfrypG
tfH jsvsYb hQ k]fv nfryspGv rj Hfstfvsi zflfq jsvsYb.

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

97

zk}iv zfidb k]fsj zhfq dhlfq dlsqsYb, pJb dkdb zfibfv

iadk n.
zk}iv zfidb zfhC hfjXsvv nfrypG tfH jsvsYb hQ k]fv
nfryspGv rj Hfstfvsi zflfq jsvsYb. zk}iv zfidb k]fsj
zhfq dhlfq dlsqsYb, pJb dkdb zfibfv iadk n.
zk}iv zfidb k]fv nfrfhfosBv nfrypG tfH jsvsYb hQ k]fslv
nfryspGv rj Hfstfvsi zflfq jsvsYb. zk}iv zfidb pdl
k]fslvsj dhlfq slb, kfrst zhwA zhfq dhlfq slshb sp, k]fvf
zfibfv iadk n.'
mfv htstb, `kcdm sp vfnCtcfr -v nfrypG W ndv jKf
sJ jvst, kf skf zffr kfzftfv i[ sKsj zfmfv iadk j
zbcoar, pf dlsq dkdb zfmfsj lfb jsvsYb.
kcdm sp zfhC hfjsvv nfrypG W ndv jKf sJ jvst, kfW skf
zffr uff dpjvrv i[ sKsj zfmfv iadk j zbcoar, pf dlsq dkdb
zfmfsj lfb jsvsYb.
zfv kcdm sp zfmfv zdvkf t[A jvY, kf skfmfv jfvsB hQ
skfmfv nDslv jfvsB. (spsrkc dIkbf zfn.) zffrv jnm! zfmfv
pdl lcdbqf Hvdk BG Kfjk, kfrst zffr zfpXpf zuffrv zfpfh
slJfv zfso kf sKsj h]fyfv ubA mcdiB drnfsh kf lfb jvkfm. (hcJfvD
3692bQ)

jlf mrfbhD l ifrfsV yVstb. nfsK dYt zfhC hfjXv, mfv

W Nmfb. l sj]si Et. dkdb dbu if dlsq zfOfk j'sv htstb,
.(5G< ' *_ Y5- M ! IG h a 5) )
zKGf{, dv rW l! skfmfv iv bhD, dnDj W lc wrDl YfVf
zbA sj sb. (hcJfvD 3686bQ)
db}nslsr dkdb wrDl W uffkhfnD. spsrkc sn Jhv zfmfslvsj
mrfbhD ufdbsqsYb.
jlf dkdb mfv -sj bfstb,

98

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

6 @S0 a> , ~ M U 8 WG 8&

?3O 0 M3$' ()

(2 8a 6 /C a 6 '( E f 3@ 8k W ' ( * /C 6 /C
.(IP8GA 8#/ G ! 8l 2 0
zfdm si slsJdY, zfdm uffsk iashw jvtfm. slJtfm snJfsb
zfhC kftrfv D vmfnf vsqsY. zk}iv zfdm ilLdb bsk sitfm.
zfdm httfm, `ef sj?' (sj) htt, `ef dhtft.' zfv jde iafnfl
slJtfm, kfv zfdbfq vsqsY jde djswfvD. zfdm httfm, `ef
jfv?' htt, `mfsvv.' zfdm Yf rt kfsk iashw j'sv sldJ. dj
skfmfv NGfv jKf msb jvtfm.
jKf sb mfv htstb, `zfmfv hfi-mf zfibfv ubA jcvhfb srfj
sr zffrv vnCt! zfdm zfibfv iadkW NGf jvh dj?' (hcJfvD 3679,
mcndtm 6474bQ)

Lc uffkD bb, dkdb W zfhC hfjXv hq uffkDslv nlGfv. mrfbhD

hstsYb,
tYG 3 ! '8 0d t b
3O N C % <# 5YG > 8 ah 8 g % )

.(t >8a
zKGf{, zfhC hfjXv W mfv bhD-vnCt YfVf iChGfiv njt hq
uffkDslv nlGfv. (zfrmfl 602, dkvdmpD, hsb mfufr, n} ufsm' 51, dn}
nrDrfr 824bQ)

vfdpqff zfbm zzfvpfm.

pcCvfb Nmfb dhb

zfIXIfb -v mpGflf
zfmDvt mc'dmbDb ntfsmv kxkDq JtDIf.
mrfbhD -v ufmfkf. k]fsj lc bCv (jbAf) vjfqfr W k]fv
djfstv iv sm jctNCm lfb jsvdYstb.
k]fv ibfm dYt zfhC tftf.
uDdhkfhfq shsrwXskv ncnQhfliaf lwub nfrfhfv zbAkm.

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

99

dkdb hV LbD nfrfhD dystb, kf dkdb `Nmfb obD' hst iadn.

jlf bhD
htstb, sp hAd vmfv jcqf J]cVsh, kfv ubA
uffk.
sn jcqf Nmfb J]cVstb.
dkdb zfsvf htstb, sp hAd nQjejfstv (khCj pcsv) nbA
iak jvsh, kfv ubA uffk.
sn nbA iak jvstb Nmfb . (hcJfvD 2778bQ)
dkdb dYstb jub lfbhDv nfrfhD. dkdb nemq pcsv nbA
iak jvfv nmq ufmfv zfdsb j rfufv lDbfv sb bhD -v
sjfst YdVsq dlstb. bhD sndtsj te-ifte jvsk jvsk 2
hfv htstb,
.(%G 5 Nah a h 8| )
zfusjv isv Nmfb pf jvsh, kfsk kfv sjfb [dk rsh bf.
zfusjv isv Nmfb pf jvsh, kfsk kfv sjfb [dk rsh bf.
(dkvdmpD 3701, rfsjm 4553bQ)

zfhC mCnf zfwzfvD rsk hdBGk, jlf dkdb dbu hfdVsk WpC jsv
hfsv sostb hQ dkdb (msb msb) htstb sp, `zfu zfdm zhwA
zffrv vnCt -v nfryspG Kfjh.' nckvfQ dkdb mndusl dosq
zffrv vnCt nisjG dufnfhfl jvstb. nfrfhDoB v dlstb
sp, `dkdb dlsj omb jsvsYb.' zfhC mCnf
hstb, zfdm kf]v
iyfsk ytsk Kfjtfm hQ kf]v ns dufnf jvsk Kfjtfm. swN
ipG dkdb `zfvDn' jcqfv (ndjehkDG jde hfofsb) iashw jvstb.
zfdm (hfofsbv) iashw fsvv ifsw hsn Kfjtfm. swN ipG vfnCtcfr
sinfh-ifqJfbf nmfLf jsv WpC jvstb. zk}iv zfdm sE kf]v
dlsj zoanv rtfm. slJtfm, dkdb `zfvDn' jcqfv ifsVv mfUJfsb
ifsqv btf Jcst if lcsef kfsk Ucdtsq hsn zfsYb. zfdm kf]sj nftfm
dlsq zfhfv dIsv sn iashw-isK hsn vtfm. zfv msb msb httfm
sp, `zfu zfdm zhwA zffrv vnCstv fv v[j rh.' nckvfQ zfhC
hfjXv
sn lvufq Lff dlstb. zfdm dufnf jvtfm, `zfidb

100

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

sj?' dkdb sv htstb, `zfhC hfjXv.' zfdm httfm, `jec Kfmcb.'

kfviv zfdm zffrv vnCt -v dbje dosq dbshlb jvtfm, `sr
zffr vnCt! db zfhC hfjXv, iashw jvfv zbcmdk yfsYb.' dkdb
htstb, Wsj zbcmdk lfW. zfv kfv nfsK uffskv ncnQhfl ufdbsq
lfW. nckvfQ zfdm zfhC hfjXv -v dbje sn httfm, `iashw
jvb. zfv vfnCtc fr zfibfsj uffskv ncnQhfl ufbfsYb.' zfhC
hfjXv iashw jvstb hQ jcqfv ifsV vfnCtc fr -v Ffb dlsj ifsqv
btfv jfiV kcst if lcJfdb jcqfsk Ucdtsq vfnCtc fr -v mk hsn
iVstb.
zfdm icbvfq fv iafs dIsv sn hsn sotfm. zfdm msb msb httfm,
zfmfv Hfsj WpC jvf zhfq sYsV sndY; (WpCv isv) sn zfmfv
iyfsk zfnsh. zffr pdl kfv ubA jtAfB yfb, kfrst kfsj
(Jfsb) zfbshb. rEf{ jde stfj sn lvuf bVft. zfdm dufnf
jvtfm, `sj?' sn htt, `mfv dhb Jffh.' zfdm httfm, `jec
Kfmcb.' zk}iv zfdm vnCt -v jfsY sn dbshlb jvtfm sp, `db
mfv. iashw zbcmdk yfsYb.' dkdb htstb, Wsj zbcmdk lfW hQ
WsjW uffskv ncnQhfl ufbfW. nckvfQ zfdm mfsvv dbje sn
httfm, `vfnCtc fr zfibfsj iashw zbcmdk dlsYb hQ uffskv
H nQhflW ufbfsYb.' nckvfQ dkdb dHksv iashw jvstb hQ jcqfv
ifsV zffrv vnCt -v hfm ifsw jcqfq if Ucdtsq hsn iVstb.
zfdm zfhfv snJfsb dIsv sn hsn iVtfm. zfv msb msb htsk
Kfjtfm, zffr pdl zfmfv Hfsqv mt yfb, kfrst zhwA kfsj
dbsq zfnshb. (kAhnsv) rEf{ jde stfj lvuf bVft. zfdm
dufnf jvtfm, `zfidb sj?' sn htt, `zfdm Nmfb hsb
zfIXIfb.' zfdm httfm, `jec Kfmcb.' kfviv zfdm vfnCtc fr -v
dbje sn k]fv nisjG zhdrk jvtfm. dkdb htstb,
.( GW' * < 3O 78YS /f)
Wsj zbcmdk lfW. zfv uffskv ncnQhfl ufbfW. ksh Wv uDhsb
dhipGq zfsY.

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

101

zfdm dIsv sn kf]sj httfm, `iashw jvb. zfv vfnCtcfr

zfibfsj uffskv ncnQhfl ufbfsYb. ksh zfibfv dhipGq zfsY.'
nckvfQ dkdb snJfsb iashw j'sv slJstb sp, jcqfv j ifV iCBG rsqsY
Ist dkdb kf]slv nfmsbv ziv ifsV dosq hsn sostb.
nfl hsb mcnfsqh hstb sp, ` Oebf fvf zfdm hcsUdY sp, kf]slv
dkbusbv nmfdL j fsb rsh. (zfv Nmfsbv nmfdL zbA ufqofq
rsh.)'
j hBGbfq nh wfhtD hfVdkHfsh snsY sp, (zfhC mCnf hstb,)
`zfmfsj vfnCtcfr fv v[fv dbslGw dlstb.' zfv kfsk jKfW
zfsY sp, pJb dkdb Nmfb -sj ncnQhfl (W dhipGsqv jKf)
ufbfstb, kJb dkdb `zftrfmlc dtfr' iVstb hQ htstb,
`zfft mcfzfb.' zKGf{ zffr nfrfpAt. (hcJfvD 3693, mcndtm
6365bQ)

Nmfb dYstb zkA nmfbDq mfbcN. mbdj sJfl vfnCtcfr

k]fv nmfb jvskb, k]fsj slsJ tf jvskb.
mf zfsqwf (vfdpqff zfbrf) hstb, jlf vfnCtcfr
zfmfv
hfnfq sq dYstb. k]fv ifsqv vtf hf v sKsj jfiV nsv dYt.
dkmsLA zfhC hfjXv
iashw-zbcmdk yfst dkdb k]fsj zbcmdk
dlstb. dkdb j zhfq sKsj k]fv nfsK jKf htstb.
zk}iv mfv iashw-zbcmdk yfst dkdb k]fsj zbcmdk dlstb.
dkdb j zhfq sKsj k]fv nfsK jKf htstb.
zk}iv Nmfb
iashw-zbcmdk yfst dkdb k]fsj zbcmdk
dlstb. dj dkdb dbsuv jfiV snfuf j'sv sE hnstb. nckvfQ dkdb
iashw j'sv k]fv nfsK jKf htstb.
zk}iv dkdb pJb shv rsq yst sostb, kJb zfsqwf (vfdpqff
zfbrf) bhD -sj htstb, `zfhC hfjXv iashw jvstb, kJb zfidb
bVf-nvf jvstb bf hQ kfsj sjfb vk dlstb bf, mfv iashw
jvstb, kJbW zfidb bVf-nvf jvstb bf hQ kfsj sjfb vk
dlstb bf. dj Nmfb iashw jvstb, kJb zfidb sE hnstb W
jfiV snfuf jvstb (jD hAfifv)?'

102

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

mrfbhD

htstb,
. gfqa 3 ,$4P N E(
,$>
zKGf{, zfdm dj sn hAdv jfsY tfshfL jvh bf, sp hAdv jfsY
dIdvwXkf tfshfL jsvb. (mcndtm 6362bQ)
vfuSbdkj hAfifsv djYc Hct hcUfhcdU nxd rWqfv jfvsB JfWqfsvsuv
rfsk dkdb wrDl rb. vfdpqff zfb.

zfhct rfnfbfb zftD dhb

zfhD kfsth -v mpGflf
uDhwfq shsrwXskv ncnQhfliaf 10 ub nfrfhfv zbAkm.
hftjslv msLA nhGiaKm mcndtm.
mrfbhD -v zfib yfyfskf Hf W ufmfkf, Ifskmfv fmD, rfnfbnfsbv dikf.
ntfsmv ykcKG JtDIf zfmDvt mc'dmbDb.
k]fv ibfm rfqlfv, zfhC kcvfh W zfhct rfnfbfb.
mrfbhD
k]fsj Hfstfhfnskb. kf k]fsj dbu jbAflfb
jsvdYstb.
nfrXt hsb nf'l nfsqlD hstb, vfnCtc fr Jfqhfv (pcsv) dlb
htstb,
& ,' % >(& V ,' '5' h $ @ ' E( k5 A '8 Gh2 )

.( %>(
dbyq zfdm zfofmDjft pc-ikfjf mb j hAdsj slh, pfv
rfsk zffr dhuq lfb jvshb, zfv sn hAd zffr W kf]v vnCtsj
Hfthfsn hQ zffr W kf]v vnCtW kfsj Hfthfsnb.
zk}iv stfsjvf zfstfybf jvsk jvsk vfk jfdesq dlt sp,
kfslv msLA sjfbX hAdsj ef slWqf rsh. zk}iv njfst kfvf
vfnCtcfr -v dbje sot. kfslv iaskAsjv zfjf[f dYt sp,
ikfjf kfsj slWqf srfj. dj dkdb dufnf jvstb, zftD hsb

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

103

zfhD kfsth sjfKfq? k]fsj htf rt, `sr zffrv vnCt! k]fv y[csq
hAKf rsY.' dkdb htstb, kfsj sFsj ifEfW. nckvfQ k]fsj sFsj
zfbf rt. kfviv vfnCtcfr kfv y[csq KcKc tfdosq dlstb hQ
k]fv ubA lczf jvstb. Ist dkdb mb nc rsq sostb; spb k]fv sjfb
hAKf dYt bf. zk}iv dkdb k]fsj pc-ikfjf dlstb. zftD
htstb, `sr zffrv vnCt! kfvf zfmfslv mk (mcntmfb) bf rWqf
ipG dj zfdm kfslv dhvs tVsk Kfjh?' dkdb htstb, kcdm iawf
rsq ytsk Kfj; pk[B bf kfslv bov-iafsb zhkvB jsvY.
zk}iv kfslvsj ntfsmv dlsj zfrhfb jv hQ kfslv iv
ntfsm zffrv sp uvvD rj vsqsY, kfslvsj sn hAfifsv zhdrk
jv. zffrv jnm! pdl zffr kfzftf skfmfv fvf jde mfbcNsj
drlfqfk jsvb, kfrst kf skfmfv ubA (zfvshv swa nil) tft
ebD zsi[fW m. (hcJfvD 3009, mcndtm 6377bQ)
mrfbhD zftD -sj mlDbfq bfsqh hfdbsq khCj pcs shv rsq
pfdYstb. zftD htstb, `zfdm zfibfv nfsK pcs spsk yf.' zffrv
bhD htstb, bf. dkdb j]flsk tfostb. mrfbhD k]fsj nfbf
dlsq htstb,
. 5 U%
! >% (C 3a 3Y %gP | 8P
kcdm dj yfW bf sp, rfvb spmb mCnfv bfsqh rsqdYstb, kcdm skmdb
zfmfv bfsqh rsh? ksh zfmfv isv sjfb bhD sb. (mcndtm 6373bQ)
rflDsn zftD -v ivm mpGflfv jKf hA rsqsY. ksh kfsk
jKfv ltDt sb sp, k]fv djfstv iv JtDIf rshb dkdb. spsrkc
bhD rWqf spfoAkfv jKf mfv -v hAfifsvW htf rsqsY.
mrfbhD k]fsj qfmfsbv dhyfvj dbpc jsvdYstb. dkdb hstb,
vfnCtcfr
zfmfsj qfmfsb ifEfstb. zfdm httfm, `sr zffrv
vfnCt! zfidb zfmfsj ifEfsYb. zKy zfdm jub kvB. kfslv
dhyfv jvh. zKy dhyfv ufdbW bf.'
jKf sb dkdb zfmfv hcsj rfk fvf (mxlc) zfOfk j'sv htstb,
.( 4 Y 5C B< )

104

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

sr zffr! kcdm Wv rlqsj nciK slJfW hQ Wv durfsj

nciadkdk jv.
zk}iv lc'usbv msLA dhyfv-Ifqnftfv dhNsq zfdm sjfbdlb
ndlrfb rdb. (hsb mfufr 2310bQ)
zftD mrfbhD -v zfib yfyfskf Hf dYstb hQ ufmfkfW
dYstb. kf dkdb dYstb mrfbhD -v jf iaDdkHfub. dkdb
hstsYb,
.(7 h h 7 B< 7 % M 7 % 3# )
zKGf{, zfdm pfv iaDdkHfub, zdHHfhj hf ixsifNj, zftDW kfv
iaDdkHfub, zdHHfhj W ixsifNj. sr zffr! sp kfv nfsK niaDdk
vfJsh, kcdm kfv nfsK niaDdk hufq svsJf. zfv sp kfv nfsK wkf
jvsh, kcdm kfv nfsK wkf hufq jsvf. (zfrmfl, rfsjm, dn} nrDrfr
1750bQ)

dhlfqD rs `oflDsv Jcm' bfmj ufqofq mrfbhD

hstdYstb,
spb zfdm zfrCk rsqdY hQ nfVf dlsqdY. zfdm skfmfslv mfsU lc'de
HfvD dudbn sYsV pfdY, jde zivde zsi[f zdLj hV; zffrv
djkfh W zfmfv hQwLv, zfrst hfqk. nckvfQ sJqft svsJf, jDHfsh
kfslv hAfifsv zfmfv iadkdbdLk jvsh. rWsp bf zfnf ipG Hsq
ixKj rsh bf.
dbyq zffr zfmfv zdHHfhj W hc. zfv zfdm iaskAj mc'dmsbv
hc.
zk}iv zftD -v rfk Lsv htstb, zfdm pfv zdHHfhj W
hc, kfv zdHHfhj W hc. sr zffr! sp v nfsK niaDdk vfJsh,
kcdm kfv nfsK niaDdk svsJf. zfv sp v nfsK wkf jvsh, kcdm kfv
nfsK wkf jsvf. ()
nkjGkfv dhNq sp, rflDn hf zbA rflDsn mrfbhD -v d,
zfmfv ivhkGD JtDIf---kf sjfbHfsh iamfdBk bq. ()
zfsvf susb vfJf lvjfv sp, rflDsn ddJk `kvfkD' hf `zfrst
hfqk' htsk mrfbhD -v ikDoBW wfdmt. zfv k]fslv msLA mf

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

105

zfsqwf (vfdpqff zfbrf)W. wsv swA sjht zftD, Ifskmf W

rfnfb-nfb bb.
slJcb bhD-ikDoBsj nsfLb j'sv mrfb zffr hstsYb,
U # t PJ U W a 2 G C O & 8 P E8 P gP%G M 8 }
B#8 <Y ' G N C pEY8 Bg3 h VC/ G

5 '8' a ! %>( ~

+)b U(%> () {k<P

zKGf{, skfmvf oxsr zhfb jv hQ (iafj-ntfmD) ufsrtD pcsov
mk dbsuslvsj ialwGb jsv shdVsqf bf. skfmvf bfmfp iadkf jv W
pfjfk ialfb jv hQ zffr W k]fv vnCstv zbcokf rW; sr bhDidvhfv! zffr skf sjht skfmfslv mLA sKsj zidhkf lCv jvsk
yfb hQ skfmfslvsj niCBGvsi idh jvsk yfb. (rXpfh } 33)
zfrst hfqskv hAfifsv mrfbhD zfsvf hstsYb,
M P8$h } + $# %^ P
BP/0 !BgG #8P MY! 3 )' '&<
.(M$G NC
zKGf{, sr stfj njt! zhwA zfdm skfmfslv mfsU mb dudbn
sYsV pfdY; pdl kf LfvB j'sv Kfsjf, ksh jJb skfmvf iK rsh
bf; zfv kf rt, zffrv djkfh hQ zfmfv zfrst hfqk. (dkvdmpD
3786bQ)

zbA hBGbfq zfsY, zffrv djkfh W zfmfv ncfr. (rfsjm, nrDr

kfvoDh 36bQ)

db}nslsr zftD
mrfbhD hstsYb,

zfrst hfqskv jub. k]fsj nsfLb j'sv

.(I3 M3Y )
zKGf{, kcdm zfmfv mLA sKsj, zfv zfdm skfmfv mLA sKsj. (hcJfvD

4251bQ)

j JfsvuDv rfsk dkdb wrDl rb. vfdpqff zfb.

106

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

mczfdhqf

-v IpDtk

yfv JtDIfv iv db dYstb ntfmD vfsbkf. dkdb iaKmk} wfm

slswv oHbGv dYstb. kxkDq JtDIf Nmfb -v JcbDslv Jcb jvfv
lfhDsk dkdb ykcKG JtDIf zftD -sj yfi slb. dj vfuSbdkj
idvddkv nQje mcrCskG dkdb kf bf jvsk ifvst k]fv nfsK mczfdhqfv
dhsvfL hfsL. zftD -v iv k]fv hV sYst rfnfb
JtDIf rst
oxr dbvnb jsi kAfo Djfv j'sv mczfdhqf -sj sbkxk sYsV
dlst mcndtmslv h v [q rWqf sKsj v[f ifq. nckvfQ mczfdhqf
zfmDv mczfdhqf bfsm iadn rb. djfstv iCshG dkdb k]fv sYst
qfpDlsj vfuf hfdbsq pfb. k]fv vfukjfst k]fv nsbAv rfsk
nfb wrDl rb. vfuSbdkj mcJv idvddksk ntfmD dkrfn
jtdk rq. zfv sn nCs oftfofdt hf jeCd jvf rq zfmDv
mczfdhqf W k]fv sYst qfpDlsj.
sn nh jmGjfs sj slfND dYstb, zfv sj dbslGfN dYstb, kf zfmfslv
zfstfyA bq. zfmfslv zfstfyA rt, zfmDv mczfdhqf dYstb jub
zrD-stJj nfrfhD. mrfbhD -v wftf, mct mc'dmbDb vfmtfr
sm rfhDhfrv Hf. mcndtmslv JtDIf. dkdb pdl vfuSbdkj sjfb
hAfifsv Hct djYc dnf dbsq Kfsjb, sn Hcstv ubA dkdb 1de nWqfh
ifshb. dEj j'sv Kfjst 2de nWqfh ifshb. sn dhyfv zffrv rfsk
sYsV dlsq zfmvf nfrfhDv nmfb hufq vfJh.
mczfdhqf
mf-dhusqv iCshG ntfm oarB jsvdYstb. dkdb
mrfbhD -v jfsY sb zrD dtJskb. dkdb jlf k]fsj lczf dlsq
hstdYstb,
.(+/ + 4, + $g ' BK h B< )
zKGf{, sr zffr! kcdm mczfdhqfsj djkfh W drnfh dw[f lfW hQ
zfpfh sKsj v[f jv. (zfrmfl 17153, kfhfvfbDv jfhDv 628, dn} nrDrfr
3227bQ)

zfv jhfv hstdYstb,

nfrfhfsq djvfm ************************

107

.( 5C ' 5< 'k C E B< )

zKGf{, kcdm Wsj ncisKv dlwfvD W nciKiaf jsvf hQ Wv fvf
(mfbcNsj) drlfqfk jsvf. (zfrmfl 17895, dkvdmpD 3842, dn} nrDrfr
1969bQ)

mc rfvfm hstb, zfdm vfnCtcfr -sj htsk sbdY,

.(% E 5 8, [' M$

GE )
zKGf{, zfmfv mskv iaKm snbflt nmc-pc jvsh. kfvf (kfv
fvf) dbsuslv ubA uffk zdbhfpG j'sv dbsqsY.
mc rfvfm hstb, zfdm httfm, `sr zffrv vnCt! zfdm dj kfslv
msLA Kfjh?' dkdb htstb, kcdm kfslv msLA Kfjsh.
kfviv htstb,
.((* %@[ 8WG 3'5 [' M$

GE )
zKGf{, zfmfv mskv iaKm snbf jfnfv wrv (jbfdesbfit,
fct) pc jvsh, kfvf (sn jfsuv ubA) [mfiaf rsh.
mc rfvfm hstb, zfdm httfm, `sr zffrv vnCt! zfdm dj kfslv
msLA Kfjh?' dkdb htstb, bf. (hcJfvD 2924, rfsjm 8668bQ)
nb 27 druvDsk zfmDv mczfdhqf dnc-pc j'sv svfm uq jsvb.
zfv k]fv sYst qfpDslv snbfidksk nb 52 druvDsk fct wrv
uq jvf rq.
rflDsnv dHdsk htf pfq sp, mczfdhqf nfrfhD uffkD, zfv sp
uffkD, k]fsj oftfofdt jvf pfq bf. dkdb ofdt JfWqfv ipc rsk
ifsvb b.
zfv k]fv sYst kfshqD. k]fsj zfmvf Hfstf bf hfnstW OxBf W
oftfofdt jvsk ifdv bf. jfvB kfsk zfmfslv dbsuslv [dk.

108

************************ nfrfhfsq djvfm

idvdw
zfsvf zsbj nfrfhD zfsYb, p]fslv bfmnr sJ zfsY sp, k]fvf
uffkD. k]fslv ixKj ixKj IpDtkW hdBGk zfsY. dj nQd[
icdjfv swA rt, djYc bmcbf sJ j'sv nfLfvBHfsh njt nfrfhf
-slv iadk njt mcndtmsj wafwDt j'sv skftf. pfsk sj kfv
stJbDv sJ]fyfq, jtsmv diYtkfq, hxkfv mcJ Ifdbsk, sjfb mdnGqf
hf swfjofKfq sjfb nfrfhDsj zfOfk bf j'sv hsnb. jfsvf iadk sjfb
jeCd zKhf jcmhA zKhf nmfstfybfv kDv bf srsb hsnb.
nfrfhf
zfmfslv wafHfub, zfmvf spb k]fslvsj sn wafv
busv sldJ. sjfb jisev jcmshA jfb dlsq spb zfmvf zfmfslv
lxdHd idvhkGb bf j'sv sIdt.
zfmvf spb k]fslv ubA sn lczf jdv, sp lczf mrfb zffr
zfmfslvsj dw[f dlsqsYb,
'/ K L A 3 % M N OP F? %6 > '/ 3 %0? 3 8@A 3 (}
8ST U(%> () {B* G)( H
* D( I ! 3 ( %3 J
`sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfmfslvsj hQ dhwfsn zoaBD zfmfslv
fkfslvsj [mf jv hQ mcdmbslv dhvs zfmfslv zsv drQnfdhsN svsJf bf. sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! kcdm skf lqflaG, ivm lqftc.'
(rfwXv } 10)

mrfb zffr zfmfslv lczf jhct jvb. zfmDb.

nmf