jElkao j,j

jElkao j,j ke;fyd;a" zjej winv ukaosrhZ fpfld*af.a zfp WhkZ lD;sfhka
wdNdih ,enQjla' th ;rula wiSre ;%mghla" tys ;srkdglh i`oyd ug .;jqKd wjqre
foll ld,hla' uu m%xYfha .;l< uq`M ld,hu jeh jqKd fuys msgm; rpkd lsug' ;
%mgh tu kdgHfhka yd tys p;j,ska wdNdih ,enQ iudlD;shla' p; oy wglska
hq;= kdgHfhka p; myla muKhs f i`oyd f;dard .eKqfka' reishdkq mjq,lska" Y
%S ,xldf by< uOHu mdx;sl fn!oaO mjq,la wdY%s;j isoq jk ia:dkSh
mhdihloS tys .eg`j,ska wvla i`oS wjika" th mQK jYfhkau fjkia m
%;srEmhla tlla jqkq ksid' tfy;a fpfldahkq ufkdaNdjh" l,d;aul ,d,idj yd tys m
%n, nj" fpfldahkq Yajh ;=< we;s ishq fjkil ;%mgh ;=<ska o oHdudk
jqKd'
ud ienekau ta flfrys wdlYKh ug fya;=j" Y%S ,xldf isxy, idys;Hhg iy
bx.%Sis kdgH i`oyd fpfld*af.ka is jQ n,mEu' tmuKla fkdfjhs fpfld*a yd Y%S
,xldj w;r we;s inkaO;dj" Tyq furg isxy, kdgHlrejkag yd kjl;dlrejkag fukau
fndfyda Y%S ,dxlslhkag;a wdNdihla jqKd' fpfld*a" jrla ihshdjg hk w;rjdrfha
,xldjg meKsug ;SrKh l<d' Tyq k;r isfha .%Eka Tfhkag,a fydag,fha' Tyq
kej;S is ldurh .%Eka Tfhkag,a fydag,h iska Tyqf.a kka fjka fldg ;sfnkjd'
Tyq ish ifydaorhd fj; f.org hejQ ,smshl i`oyka fldg ;sfnkjd Tyq lsis osfkl reishdjg
kej; fkdtk nj'
ta ,shq oeka uqKh fj,hs ;sfnkafka" kEu flfkl=g tajd lshjd oek .; yelshs"
WodyrKhla yg .;a;yu" Tyq tajdfhys i`oyka fldg ;sfnkjd mdrdoSishla jeks
osjhskla iy Tyqf.a isysk hqj;sh Tyqg yuq jQ nj' lsisfjl= okafka keye wehf.a
tkafka fldfykao lshd'ksiaiq lshkjd weh bkaoshdkq h yels nj' ulaksido h;a Tyq
weh ms<sn`o i|yka fldg ;sfnkafka" zfydag,fha oS yuq jQ bkaoshdkq l=uhla
ksid kej; hEug woyia fkdlrkZ nj' Tyq f ms<sn`o fl;r nrm;, f,i is;=f o hkak
jdohg ;=vq fok lreKla" ta .ek Tyqf.a lsis ,smshl meyeos,sj i`oyka fkdlrk ksid'
tfy;a tajdg ms<s;=re jYfhka ,shk ,o ,smsj, i`oyka zzm,a fudavfhl= fkd kej;
;ukaf.a rgg mefKkZZ f,i lrk ,o b,a,S' f osk jljdkqj,g wkqj Tyq f ld,fha
kdgHlrefjl= f,i fkdj fl l;d rplfhl= f,ihs m%isoaOj isg we;af;a'

ffjoHjrfhl= ug fndfyda l,lg fmr isgu Tyq fl l;d rplfhl= f,i lghq;= l<d' f
ld,fha id md,kh hgf;a mej;s wdKavqj iska Tyqj hjkq ,enqjd ihshdjg" tys
islrejka mCId lsu i`oyd' fuu .ufka oS Tyq gqjd ihshdkq isrf.j,a ;=< ksiqka
wjudkhg ,lajk wdldrh" ;e;s .kajk oYk" thska oSu msKsi fndagqjl ke`.S
msg tk w;r ;=r Tyq fld<Ug meKshd' fuh ;uhs miqu ,dxlslhka w;r wekagka
fpfld*a f.!rjdohg md;%u msKsi fya;=jqKq'
Tyqg yelsjqKd wfma uyd .;al;=jrfhl= jk

udka l%uisxy flfrys Yd,

n,mEula we;s lsug' Tyq Tyqf.a pdr rpkdj,;a" fll;d fmd;aj, m%ia:djkdjkayS;a"
reishdkq kjl;d ms<sn`o ,shkq ,enQ fmdf;ys;a Tyq fpfld*ag WmldrdkqiauD;s
olaj,d ;sfnkjd' uu fpfld*af.a lD;s lshjkafka b;d l=vd wjosfha isg" ug isyskhla
;snqKQ ksid f,aLlfhl= ug' ud flfrys n,mE m%Odk;u fll;d rplhka jQfha fpfld*a
yd .S o fudamidx" fohdldr jQ rpkd ffY,Skaj,ska' ta ish,a,lau w;=ka f kdgHh
uf.a wdlIKhg ,laug m%Odk fya;=j fuhska ;%mghla lsug ud ;=< ;snQKq
Wkkaj" ta l;dj ;=< Y%S ,xldfjys tjlg isfjka mej;s ;;ajhg b;d wmQre iudklula
oelSu' zfp WhkZ fp j;a;la ys jekaoUq ldka;djla wrNhd ,shejqKq l;djla' ta
Whk fhdodf.k ;snqfKa n%eka yd fld[ela fmu io`yd' kdgHh ;=, fmkS hk yg"
miqld,Sk mrmrdj iska u;ameka fmu ms<sn`o wys lrf.k ;su ;uhs f l;df
miqu' f kdgH ;=< jk mrmrd w;r .Kqfokqj" wdl jYfhka muKla fkdfjhs
idudcsl jYfhkq;a msySug m;afjka ;sfnkakla' f kdgHh rpkd flreKq ld,jljdkqj
b;d jeo.;a' Tyq fuh ,shd we;af;a 1904' f kdgHfha ;sfnkjd tla p;hla ta ;reK
YajoHd, YsIHfhla" /l,a woyia ork" wkd.;fha oS we;sug hk fjki" ke;fyd;a id
md,kfhka fjkia jQ iudchla .ek ks;r l;d lrka isk'
fuh b;d wjdikdjka; yd fockl f,i fpfld*af.a wjidk kdgHh' f kdgHh b;d ishq
f,i" ixjdo" w,xldfrdala;s iy m%fKsodihkaf.ka f;dr ksiqka i;=ka isk ojila .ek
isysk olsk YajoHd, ;reKfhl=f.a jd.apd;+hh wdosh Wmfhda.S fldgf.k"
ienekau isjkakg hk foa mss<sn`o tk" wkd.;h ms<sn`oj mQj oelaula
imhkakla jekshs' kdgHh rpkd jqfKa 1904 oS" reishdkq ma,jh isjqfKa 1914 1916 oS' f ;uhs f,kska yd fg%dials meKs ld,h' id md,kh `ooeu yd
uq`Mukskau kj wdKavqjla hgf;a kj iudc l%uhl wdrNh - fldhqksia iudc l%uhl'
uu lshkafka keye fpfld*a f ish,a, gqjdhehs" tfy;a Tyq wkd.;h ms<sn`oj

ksk oelaula f kdgHh ;=<ska bosm;a l<d' uu foaYmd,kfhka fndfydau

wE;ska isk flfkla" ta jf.au ud ks-foaYmd,ksl wfhl= hehs lshka ug myr t,a,
;sfnkjd' ud y`kajkq ,enqfha OfkaIajr by< uOHu mx;sfhaa ;%mglrefjl=
f,ihs' ;uhs ye`oska jQf' tfy;a" i;H jYfhkau uu ys;kjd udka l%uisxyf.a ;=ka
wE`;= kjl;dj, h mhdh inkaO;djla ;snqKd p;" mirh yd miqu" jk rgdj"
is;a ;aj, is jk fjkial wwd f yeu foau yryd tajdfhys ;sia jirl muk iudc
mKdh wjhla yo flfrkjd'
f kdgHh jir .Kkdjla mqrd ud ks;r isysm;a lrka is tlla' ud is;ka isghd'
fuhska isxy, ;%mghla l< yels f k lshd' wms m%xYfha .; l< jir y;rl ld,h ;=<"
tlajru" ug oefkkakg jqKd fuh wmQre f,i Y%S ,xldf iakoNh yd wod< jk l;djla
nj ^th ngysr pdrlhkag fyda fm%aCIlhkag t;r jeo.;a fkdjqK;a&' fuys f;audf
uQ,sl .egj jekaoUqj jgd muKla f.dv kef.kakla fkdfjhs ^kdgHfha" ;udf.a ;reK
oshKsh yd rka msg; - m%xYfha j;ajk jekaoUqjla" ud iska ,kavkfha isk
wdldrfhka fjkia lrkq ,enQ&' wehf.a mdrml merKs ksjdih /l.ekSug msKsi weh
kej; mefKkjd

th wehg ksjdihlg jvd jehula jk ksid' th cS;h ms<sn`o

jD;a;dka;hla" tfiau iudc ixfla;hla' ta ksjfiys kdYh hkq wehg ish,a, ke;s ke;sjqjd
yd iudkhs" wehf.a ysff;YSNdjhka" w;S;h" <ud fha isysk yd f,dl=uy;au wdoS
ish,a,' ;%mgfha fndfydau ,iaik jdlHhla ;sfnkjd" weh tla jrla y`vka m%ldY
lrkjd fufyu( zzf Tlafldu foaj,a jqKdg miafia uu f f.a ke;s lrkafka fldfyduo@ uu
bmfka fufya lido nkao,d kafka fufy' uf.a mqxldf,a ySk yenE jqfK;a fufy" f
f.a we;=f<a'ZZ
zfp WhfkysZ h fm< f;audj kEu ,dxlslfhl=f.a yoj; iamY lsug iu;ajkakla
b;d iq`M fya;=jla ksid" f WoHdkh" th uyd foam<la fkdjqK;a" wehg ;snQ tlu
.e,f u.hswehf.a uqo,a wdrjq,a i`okq msKsi wehg Wmldr l< wehf.a ;=rkag
wkqj&' ula ksido h;a fp Whk nexl=jg Wlia lr,d' nexl=j mQj oekq oSula
fldg ;sfnkjd" wod< ld,hg fmr ksji frd.ekakd f,i" tl w;lska ;udj u frd.ekSu i`oyd
l=ula fyda weh iska l< hq;=' wehg mjid ;snqfKa j;a; bosls i|yd len,s lsu
iqiq njhs'
Y%S ,xldf ishu fmd,aj;=j,g;a ta jf.au j,j,g;a isjqfKa f fohu ;uhs' j;=
wyqrd l=Kd oukq ,enqjd" ula ksido h;a ishu uOHu mdx;slhkag Tjqkf.au

ksjdihla wjYH jqKq ksid;a" f jekaoUq ldka;djf.a .eg`Mj fuka Tjqkag ;snQ tlu
i`u th jk ksid;a' kdgHh ;%mghg ke.SfoS" fuh ;uhs myiqfjkau l< yels foh
jQfha' kdgHh iskudjg ;=<g

wkqj;kh foS th b;d myiq jqKd f ish,af,ys

wod<;ajh ksid' jxYj;a me<eka;sfha mrsydKsh" merKs ukaosr yd j,j, `o jeu"

Tjqkaf.a cSjk ,dYfha fjkia yd ta iuia: iudc mka;sfhau mydksh fuu kdgHfha
yd tys f;audf yoj; n`hs' th j;udkfha isfjka mj;sk h:d;;ajfhys fldgila'
jej" j;=hdh yd j,j tys tla ixfla;d;aul wjia:djla' kdgHh foaYSh miqulg
wkqj;kh lsfoS we;sjk uQ,sl m%Yak lsisjla fuys oS .eg`M iy.; jqfKa keye' fuys
ienE ;;ajh" b;d iq`: jYfhka fyda uf.a mjq,g;a uqyqK mEug isjQ ksid' f fjkial
isjk wjfha wmsg foysj, ;snqKq wlalr yh y;l bvu tla mrmrdjl isg wfkla
mrmrdjg Wreuf oS th len,sj,g fjka lrkq ,enqjd' th fkdfjhs uQ,sl .dul n,f.h'
kdgHh yd tys f;audj" foaYSh iudc miq;,hlg yd w;aoelSj,g b;d imuhs ug fuh
Y%S ,xldf j;a;l yd mjq,l l;djlg wkqj;kh lsfoS lsis .eg`Mjla fkdjqKq fya;=j'
fuu kdgHfha" tys f;audj yd p;j, wod<;ajh ug b;d myiqjqKd ,xldf fmd,a
j;a;lg yd 1980 ld,fha /l,a u; ork YsIHhka is ld,hla iu. .e<mSug'
;%mgfha Tyq urd oukq ,nkjd' tfy;a Tyq foaYmd,ksl ksfhda;fhlaf.a
p;hla' kdgHfha prs; oy wgla ;sfnkjd' fpfld*af.a fndfyda kdgHhj, fuka iq`M prs;'
fujd ;rula .%duH ta jf.au merKs woyia ork tajdhs' Tjqka fndfydu ieye,a iup,a
lsug meKs" Y%dl yuqod lk,ajre' f oywg fokdf.ka uu jElkao j,j i`oyd
f;dard .;af;a mia fofkl= muKhs' fuys m%Odk p;h" jekaoUq ldka;djla" rka
msg cS;hla .; l< b;d la; yd ixldfjka hq;=j cSj;ajk" kej; ish rgg meKdf
wNs,dYh is;a we;sj isk' o< jYfhka kdgHfha msgrg f,i y`kajkafka meish"
reishdkq jxYj;a me<eka;sfha wh .sfha meishg' ,dxlsl by< me<eka;sfha wh
.sfha ,kavkhg' kdgHfha rfkials ue;sksh ,xldf by< mka;sfha ldka;djla njg
m;ajkjd' wef.a mjqf,a oekg isk tlu {d;shd jk lsisjla fkdfldg Tfya kslrefKa
cSj;ajk" tfiau ySfkka jf.a f;a f.jk" wef.a nd, ifydaorhdf.a lSu msg weh ish
oshKsh o iu`. ,xldjg mefKkjd' Tyqg /lshdjla keye' h.sh ;d;a;d b;sl< we;s
iq`M uqo,skqhs Tyq hefmkafka' ish ifydaohg wh;aj ;snQ f j;a; yd ksfji
ms<sn`o Tyq ;=< ;snQ oe ye`.Su Tyq iska weh kej;

ksjig f.kajd .ekSug

fya;= jqKd' Tjqka uq`Mukskau wirKNdjhg m;afj,hs isfha" l=ula l< hq;= oehs

fkdoek' fpfld*af.a fndfyda kdgHj, m%Odk p; ish,a,lau mdfya m%dfhda.sl tajd

fkdfjhs' Tjqka okafka keye Tjqka l< hq;af;a l=ulaoehs lshd" Tjqkaf.a kekaoKsh
jk le;ka ksfji frd.ekSu i`oyd Yd, Kh uqo,la ,ndfok ;=re isysk olaka iskjd
yer' Tjqka ksr;=rej is;ka iskafka lsis osfkl is fkdjk fohla .ek' th tfia isfkdjk
nj;a Tjqka oekf.k ishd' fuh fpfld*af.a p; inkaifhka oelsh yels wmQre fohla'
ug l,amkd jqfKq keye ud,sks f*dkafiald yer fjk;a lsisfjla wjqre 20 l jhie;s
oshKshla isk jekaoUq ldka;djf.a p;hg iqiq' ud,skS kEu p;hla ksrEmKh
lsug mels<Sula olajk

flfkl= fkdfjhs' l,lg fmr weh neoafoa.u ^1980& ;

%mgfha b;d .%duH p;hla ksrEmKh l<d' wurkd;a ch;s,lf.a ismd, yd

rkaueKsld ^1977& ;%mgfha b;d wj,iaik `olf.a p;hla N+ldj rmEjd' os,a,s
;%mg Wf<f,a oS th ;sr.; jqKq wjia:df tys cqfhaa iNdm;sjrhdj is uf.a ;%
i;Hcs;a rdhsg woyd .; kdyels jqKd ;srfha oS gq p;h yd wef.a cSjudk iajrEmh'
f ld,fha ud,kS wef.a Wmu rEm fidaNdfjka Tn je,d ys nj u;l ;shd .kakd'
mfndaod b;d wyNfhka fidhd.;a flfkla" ud weh gqf rEmjdyskSfha zfgdala
fIdaZ tllska' oshKshf.a N+ldj i`oyd ud fidhka is p;hg weh fyd`oska
.e,mqKd' weh fndydu ia;SK flfkl= jqK;a ta w;ru ir,hs' tu p;h Tjqka ykajk
wdldrfhka zbx.%Sis mkakfha mqrej,ska fkdflf<iqKq" wjxl yd ir,nj ke;slr
fkd.;a" b;d ir, hqj;shla'
laia" cd;sl we`u w`osk uqo,d,s flfkl= jeks p;hla" rka rkafoksh"
ik;a .=K;s,l zkdfyg kdykZ nd, ifydaorhd' jika;s p;=rdks rx.kfha fhfka iq
p;hla i`oyd" yod.kakg .;a oshKshlf.a N+ldj' f N+ldj b;du m%N, f,i jOkh
jqKd" ;%mgh wjidkh jk g' th m%Odk p;hla njg m;ajk ;rugu tys Ndjd;sYh
nj" .egqu W.% fjkjd weh m;ajK wiSre ;;ajh yuqf" wehg f ksji w;yer hEug isjk
wjia:df" weh ish cS; ld,h mqrdu n,d.;a ksfji ''''' tfiau th w;ayer hEug

fjk;a

;ekla wehg fkdue;s u hk fya;= ldrKd iu`.' Tjqkaf.a rmEu yd rx.kfha oS

Tjqfkdjqka w;r mej;s wkHfhdakH ino;dj ;%mgfha id:l;ajh flfrys fnfykau
jeo.;a Wkd" uu Tjqkag udf.a yDohdx.u ia;=;sh m< l< hq;=hs'
le;ka kekaodf.a oYkh whsrdx.kS fiarisxy i`oyd u fYaIfhka ,shk ,oaola'
t,aika os;=re.u je,f.a N=ldj i|yd rx.kfhka odhl jk g Tyq isfha wikSmfhka'

Tyq frdayf,ka ryis.;j msg meKshd Tyq fmkS isk oYk tla oskla ;=< rE.; fldg
wjika lsu ioyd'
;%mgh wdrN jkafka jekaoUq ia;%Sh ,kavkfha isg f ksjig meKSu;aa
iu.hs' fmd,a j;a;l we;s merKs ukaosrhla ;uhs fuys miq oYkh' tys iskafka
jekaoUq ia;%Sh" wef.a oshKsh" nd, ifydaorhd iy ta ksjfia wh iska yod.kak
.;a;= hqj;shla' wehf.a miqu t;r meyeos,s keye' tfy;a weh f merKs ksjfia
fldgila" weh fuu ksji oS> ld,hla n,d.;a ;eke;a;sh" kdgHfha k weh ujla msfhla
ke;s oshKshla" jekaoUq ia;%shf.a uj iska we;s oe lr yod jvd .;a' tfy;a ;
%mgfha weh yod jvd .kq ,enQj;a jekaoUq ia;%shf.a ifydaohl yd iudkhs' wef.a
;reK oshKsh o wehg buy;a wdorhla olajkjd'
fuys ;sfnkafka ryis.; cS;hla" wid:l yd bgq fkdjk fm%auhla ms<sn`o' ksji
frd .ekSug yd wdl .egj,ska oSug fuu mjq,g Wmldr lrkq ,nk ksid" Tyq
jHdmdlfhla" iu`. we;s lr.;a fm%auhla' ienekau" Tyq fuu j;af;ysu Wmka flfkla"
Tyqf.a mshd ^kdgHfha Tyq jy,a m%fKs odifhla& ,smslrefjla" f ukaosrh ysldr
mjq, iska ms <uhdg W.kajkq ,nk w;r Tyq fuu j;af;au yeoS jefvkjd' Tyq oeka
b;d fmdfydi;a iuDoau;a mQj ueosfha miqjk ksfila' ;%mgfha" iajNdId yd
cd;sl we`u wosk wdldrfha mqoa.,fhla' Tyq ,xldf w;ska fmfydi;a jqKq kEu
flfkl= jkakg mqjka' tjeks wh fndfyda iskjd' ud leu;s kE Tjqkaj k jYfhka
i`oyka lrkakg' lsis jxYj;a fm<m;lg fyda tjeks ksjilg ysl fkdlshQ" ro<
fm,m;lska mej; tkafka ke;s" uy f.j,a u; r`od meje;aula ke;s" tfy;a Ok l=frhska
njg m;a jQ whhs ta'Q Tjqka oekg b;sj we;s tjeks ksfjia ,g .kakd ;ekgu wdjd'
kdgHfha p; oy wfgka my olajd wvq jqKd' f p; iska ;uhs fuys l;dj
f.dvkxjkq ,nkafka' u;aj h .sh weh fnfyka wdorh l< wef.a iehdf.a u;lhka yd
jekaoUq ia;%shf.a jej yd nekq wm%lg cS;h' kdgHh ;=<" jej b;d jeo.;a' tfy;a
lsisu wjia:djl th fmkaug i,iajkafka keye' jej" f j;af;a tla fldgila" tys l;df uQ,sl
fldgila jk wmsg ;%mfha fmkah yels fjkjd' tys foh mj;a fjkjd uq l;dfu
fldgila njg' tfiau jekaoUq ia;%shf.a l=vd orejl= fndfyda l,lg fmr fuys .s,S urKhg
m;afjkjd" wehg oefkkjd fuh wehf.a fkdie,ls,su;a nj ksid isjQjla nj' weh Whka
l=hg fj,d f.;a;ula lrka isk w;r;=r orejd je lKafha fi,a, lrka isk g weh
Tyq yye n,d fkd.ekSu ksid isjQ' fohla nj'

wuq;=u foh k" wm oYk ;,h n,kakg .sh wjia:djl wmg yuqjqKd mdkf
msys f Yd, ksji' tys f.u jekSisfhka wdkhkh lrk ,o udn,a w;=rd ;snqKd' ;a;sj,
jeksishdkq rej,ska lrk ,o ;= legh" tajd cdhdrEm Ys,amshdg ndOdjla jqkd'
fudlo l,dlrejkaf.a m%;suN tajdhska ia jqk ksid' wmsg isjqkd f.hs wNHka;rfha
.Dy NdKav ;ekam;a lsug'

f ish,a, l,d wOHlaIkfhka Wmldr l< iq;%d yd

fndfyda m<mqrel we;s we ksudK Ys,amskshl jk udks fukaia iska is

lrkq ,enqjd'
j;a; yd Whka l=h msysgd ;snqfKa tlu oYk ;,hl' ksji msysgd ;snqfka
uqyqog

hdnoj"

b;d

f>daIdldrS

nekshka

ksmojk

ludka;

Yd,djla

Bg

msgqmiska' wmsg isjqkd j;a;la yd jejla fjk;a ia:dkhlska fidhd .ekSug' th

ta;a;= .ekafjk wdldrfhka is flreKd' ud Yajdi lrkjd lsisu m%xY pdrlfhl=g lsis
osfkl th wjfndaO jqfka keye' ienEj k j;a; iy jej hk fol ksjfia fldgila fkduhs'
ksjig bosrsmi N+fha je bv lvla ;snqfKa keye' hdka;ka r rEmhla ,nd .ekSug
iEfyk ;r bv m%udKhl=hs ;snqfKa' jdikdjlg" fnd,af.dv m%foaYfha tla j;a;l Bg
wh;a jejla ;snqKd' ud b;d jdikdjka;hs" ;srkdglh i`oyd wjYH jqKq ia:dk folla je
wE;l ke;sj fidhd .; yels jqKd' Tn ;%mgh krUk g oefka jej ta j;af;a fldgila nj"
tfy;a i;H jYfhka tajd msysgd ;snqfka ia:dk foll'
f ksid kdgHh ;%mghg udreu iy Bg foaYSh wkkH;djhla oSu fndfydu
myiq lghq;a;la jqkd' jxYj;a mjq,a fufy lrkafk;a Tjqkag kv;a;= lr.ekSug fkdyels
iqYd, ksjdi f.dvke.Su' wo fujeks merKs ksjdu 38 la muK ;sfnkjd ixpdrl uKav,h
iska ixpdrl fyda ksjdvq ksfla;k f,i mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk" tajdfha yslrejkag oeka
tajd kv;a;= l< fkdyelshs' f ikaoNh ;=< ;sfnk fokShu foh ;uhs ud .fmr<sh
^1964& ioyd fhdod .;a n,msfha zuy lmamsk j,jZ' tys fldgila fmdf<djg iu;,d
f.dia ta mjq,g ta wdldrfhka j,j /l.ekSug wmyiq ksid th lvd `o oud mkai,lg
Ndr flfrkjd'
f wdldrhg ,xldf b;d w,xldr merKs ksfjia ish,a, b;d lK.dgqodhl f,i kdY fj,d"
ke;sk ixpdrl fydag,a njg m;afj,d ' f jf.a iudkl fldf;lao lshkjd k" kdgHh ;
%mghla njg wkqj;kh lsu ug fndfydu myiq jqKd' f wod<;ajh iy j;=j,g is
fjka mej;s foh ksid ;uhs wdKavqj iska" ksjdi ixjOkh i`oyd fjka lr we;s bv
lsKSu ;yk lrka md,sfka;= mK;la iu; lr .;af;a' ksjdi bls ksid rf wdlh

kdi fjkqhs ;snqfKa' tl me;a;lska ksjdi lshkafka rf wkd.;fha;a fldgila' fu;k

;sfhkafka tlsfklg mriamr" f;are .ekSug Ialr ;;ajhla'
/l,a YsIHhdf.a ;;ajh jqj;a b;d myiq jqKd' kdgHfha Tyqg f mjq, iu. fohdldrhl
neoSula ;sfnkjd' Tyq f ksjfia l=vd orejdg wu;r b.eka ioyd mefKk .=rejrhd
tfiau Tyq tys ;reK hqj;sh iu`. Ndjd;aul neoSula mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nkjd' m%xY
pdrlhka Yajdi lrk wdldrhg kdgHfha ;reK hqj;sh" ;%mgfha ;r id;l f,i
ksrEmKh jkafka keye' ;%mgfha weh ;reKhd iu`. mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nkafka yq fm
%auhg jvd hula' wehf.a jhia.; u" ;%mgfha l;dj ;=< fjku l;djla'
;reK hqj;sh ksis hg m;a u tys rx.kfha yd ;%mgh f.dvke.S we;s
wdldrfhka fmfkkjd' Tng oek.; yelshs ;%mgfha m<uq jk rEm rduqj" f ;reKsh
j;a; foig mefKka we;s fudag r:h ;=< ;u ujf.a Wrysig u; ksod iskjd' wjidk
rEmrduqf f ms<sfj, udrefj,hs ;sfnkafka" tk miq.sh isj,ska lKiai,a,g m;a j
isk uj" oshKsh iska wiajikq ,eu'
Tjqka ksjiska msg;aj hk wjidk oYkfha uj lkiai,a,g m;a iskjd" Tjqkag
Wmldr lsug bosm;a jQ Tjqkaf.au mjqf,a wfhl= jk jHdmdl ;reKhd j;a; ,oS
.kq ,nkjd" ksji lvd | oef woyiska hq;=j' ksjiska fudag r:h msg;ajk oYkfha
u nq,afvdai Bg we;=<;a jkq oelsh yelshs' jekaoUq ia;%sh uq`tukskau lmdjg
m;a fj,hs iskafka' f jk g uqyql=rd f.dia jhiska je is ;reK oshKssh ujg lshd
iskjd fYdalug lsis fya;=jla fkdue;s nj" ta ksji Tjqkag lla i wka lsisjla w;alr
fkdka nj Tjqka oek isfha ta ksji yd neKq l yd kdYh muKhs' w;S;h wehg
kSri tlla wehf.a u;lfhka uld oeh hq;=' weh lshd iskjd weh fydoska bf.kf.k uj
/ln,d .kska fyd`o cS;hla .; lrk nj' th jhiska uqyql=rd hdu;a iu`. isjkakla' th
ys;du;du ksudKh fldg tfiau ,shd ;sfnkjd' tfy;a ta n,dfmdfrd;a;=j bgqjqK;a
fkdjqK;a ud ys;kafka foaYSh pdrlhka iska th w;a yehd lshd'
kdgHfha /l,a ;reKhd urd oukjd' th ;%mgfhaoS;a myiq jqKd' ulaksido h;a
1980 .Kkaj, ;reK ler<s ksid Yd, m%udKhla ;reKhka urd oukq ,enqjd'
;reKhdf.aa urKh ;srfhka msg;hs isjkafka' uu ys;=jd uu ta kdgH .=Kh ;nd .;
hq;=hs lshd fpfldaishdkq kdgHj, Woaf.lr kdgH wjia:d
kdgHuh jD;a;dka;fhka mNdysrj'

isjkafka m%Odk

;%mgh m%xYfha ldka ;%mg Wf<f,a ;sr.; flfrk g tys pdrj,oS ks;r
wjOdkh fhduq fldg ;snqfKa ;%mgh ;=< we;s fpfldahdkq miqu fj;hs' ug k
jqfK;a ta foau ;uhs' ;%mgh ;=< h cjhla ;snqKd k ta ;snqfKa fpfld*af.ka
,nd.;a p; ;=<" ta p;j, ixlSK;ajh ;=<" tajdfhys ukqIH;ajh (great humanity) ;=<'
;%mgh ;=< jQ id:l p; ksrEmKh inkaOfhka ud Tyqg Kh.e;shs' Tyqg keye
ienE hka fyda Iaghka" Tyqf.a kdgH ;=< Tjqka b;d ixlSK ksiaiq" Tjqka
jxYj;a wh jqj;a fjkialj,g ,lafjka mj;sk ; .;lrka isk idudkH ksiaiq' fuh
isjkafka Tjqka Tjqkaf.a ;j, fohka fyda iq ch.%yKhka jeks f ;;ajhka folu
fkdoek isu ksid' Tjqka ;jkafka f fudfyd; i|yd muKhs'
idudkH yd widudkH ksiqkaf.a ishq fjkial yd iQlaIau;djka Tyq ta fudfydf;a
.%yKh lr.kakjd' fjkahd udu .ek is;d n,kak' ud ys;kafka foaYSh ;;a;ajhka ;=< Tyq
i|yd wkqj;kh lsu b;d myiqhs' ;%mgfha m%n,;ajh ,nd.; yelsjqfKa tys uq,a
kdgHfhka' zfp WhkZ jeks fYa%IaG kdgHhlska fYa%IaG ;%mghla flfia fj;;a
wvq ;rka fyd| ;%mghla lrkak mqjka'
jElkao j,j ldka Wf<, fjkqfjka f;au .ek ud mquhg m;a jqKd' fu;k is folla
isjqKd' fuh ldka Wf<,g heu .ek ud isfha ;rul ielhlska' tfy;a wfmaa m%xY
;=frl= jk Pierre Rissient Tyq fuys VHSj, ;snqKq ixialrKh fkdl< o< ixialrK gq
m<uq oskfha u lshd ishd" uu Tyqg fmkajQjd Deauville Wf<f,a oS' Tyq fufia
lSjd( f,iag" fuh b;d YsIag ;%mghla' fuh ldka Wf<, i|yd heh hq;=hs' ;
%mgh wjika lrkak" uu fld<U we;a Tn iu. wjika ixialrKh lrkak' ug Yajdihs Tn
ldka Wf<f,a oS ch.%dylfhl= fjkq we;ehs lshd'
ieneka u" jElkao j,j ldka Wf<f,a ;r. lrkq msKsi m%oYkh flrefKa keye'
m%xY pdrlhka tys ixOdhlhkag fodia mjrd ;sfnkjd ;r. lsu i|yd fuh ;sr.;
fkdlsu .ek' ;r.h ta jif 2003 b;d j,hs cQh iska iudk y;la u mskud
;snqfKa ;%mg ;=kla i|yd ;rhs' fuh ldka Wf<f,a oS b;d l,d;=rlska isjkakla'
tlu fldkafoaish ldka Wf<,g jElkao j,j heu .ek uf.a ysf;a ;snqKq tlu
miqnEu ;uhs fu ;%mgh" flfkl= wo lshkakg bv ;sfnkjd jf.a" ;rula mrK ;df,a ;
%mghla' th wo ldf,a ;%mgj, jf.a lsisu oDIA m%fhda.hla ke;s ;%mghla' tys
Odjk ,dih ukao.d' th OHdkfhka hq;=j l,amkdldj kerh hq;= ;%mghla ir,
udkjjdoS ,laIKj,ska hqla; jQjla fl m%ldYkhla'

ug is;=Kd f ish w;a ;dlaIKsl Wml%u" fYaI m%fhda. yd m.Kl rEm ;

%mgj,g we;=<;a jk g ldka jeks b;d ia;SK ;%mg Wf<,l yu ir, udkjjd ;
%mghlg fuk wjia:djla ,efnhso lshd' wdrNfha isg wjidkh olajd Yajdi l< fkdyels
rx.khka yd NSIKh we;=<;a ue%laia f,dav (2003) ;%mghg fYaI ch.%yKhla
,enqkq jif uf.a ;%mghg fudk bvla ,efo lshd;a ug is;=Kd'
tys ;snQ ;j;a fpfld*a ;%mghg l=ula o isfj,d ;snqfKa l=ula o th fYa%IaG
m%xY wOHlaIjrfhl= jk laf,dav , iska wOHlaIKh lrk ,o ziS .,aZ kdgHfha m
%xYhg i,k f,i ilia l< kj ixialrKhla' m%xY ksiqka tys jQ m.Kl hdka;%sl Wml
%uj,g yd fYaI m%fhda.j,g ;oska reoaO jqKd" tfy;a fujeks ;%mg mjd
pdrlhka iska by<g f.k hkq ,enqjd' iShhg wkqmyla ;r m%Odk fmf<a m%xY
pdrlhka trg m%Odk mqj;am;aj, jElkao j,j

.ek b;d oS> ,sms m< fldg

;snqKd' fohshkaf. msysfgka f olajdu ug foAYsh fukau foaYSh jYfhkao ,enqKq

by< mqj;am;a pdr' uu fuys f.k yer olajkjd f, fudkaoa mqj;amf;a jdlHhla fu
;r iqkaor''''' ksu,'''''fuu ;%mgh i|yd ksYaphla ,ndosh yels cQhla f,dalfha
ke;a o@a'
jElkao j,j zmjqf,a ;%mgZ ldKavhg wh;a jkakla' fjdhska ;uhs uf.a ;%mg
lghq;= uQ,dlju iuka; jkafka' wdrCIs; Ndjh fj; hkakg we;af;kau ug h;=rla
,efnkafka ta jf.a ;%mgj,ska ;uhs' lrkafka l< hq;=u foa nj;a flfkl=g fyd`ou foa
lrkakg yels nj;a ms<sn`o b`.shla ke;sk ye`.Sula ,efnkafka thska'
ug we;s ;j;a lK.dgqjla ;uhs fpfld*af.a urKfhka jir ishhla f.jqKq 2004 jif
jElkao j,j m%oYkh lrkakg fkdyels u' Tyq 1904 oS laIh frda.h ksid fudial
kqjroS urKhg m;a jqKd' yhgu zfp WhkZ rpkd lsfuka udi y;rlg miqj' ta jif
Y;ixj;a;rh iurKqq msKsi f,dalfha fndfyda Wmydr Wf<,j,a ixOdkh lr ;snqKd'
wmsg ta wjia:dj Wodlr .ekSug fkdyels jqKd' wm ta fo lrkakg yels jqkd k th
wfma ld,fha is fYa%IaG;u kjl;dlrejdg Y%S ,xldfjka fokak mqjka f,dl=u
Wmydrh fjkak ;snqKd'

jElkao j,j

bx.S%is ku

- uekaIka nhs o f,ala

Odjk ld,h

- ks;a;= 120

jK
;sr.; jQ jIh

- 2001$2002

mgm;

- f,iag fia msia"

wekagka fpfldf.a fp Whk lD;sh weiqfrka

;srrpkh -

fidaur fiakdkdhl

leurd wOHCIKh

- fla'ta' Oufiak

ixialrKh -

.a,eka m%kdka

ix.S;h

m%oSma r;akdhl

l,d;aul WmfoAYkh

- iq;%d msia

fh ksIamdokh

- rd fmfrd

l,d wOHlaIKh

- udks fukaia

wx.rpkh -

fyauka; .uf.a

wOHlaIKh

- f,iag fia msia

ksIamdokh

- ;efm%dafka mslapia fjkqfjka pkaka r;ak iy

wfYdal fmfrd

k ks<s fm<(
ud,kS f*dkafiald ^iqcd;d&
rka rxfoKsh ^lia&
jika;s p;=rdks ^iS;d&
ik;a .=K;s,l ^.=Kmd,&
mfndaod ixoSmkS ^wreKs&
fiakl fisxy ^lS;s nKavdr&
whsrdx.kS fiarisxy ^le;ka&
t,aika os;=r.u ^f.a%fh,a&
rka;a rEnisxy ^YsIH ls%hdldhd&