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Pyrolysis of Biomass: Presented By: Ritendra Kumar Presented To: Dr. A.N Sawarkar

This document provides an overview of pyrolysis of biomass. Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of biomass in an inert atmosphere, producing gas, liquid, and solid products. There are two main types of pyrolysis - slow pyrolysis and fast pyrolysis. Slow pyrolysis occurs at lower temperatures over longer times and produces mostly charcoal. Fast pyrolysis occurs at higher temperatures over shorter times and produces more bio-oil, char, and gas. The document discusses various biomass feedstocks, the chemical reactions involved in pyrolysis, and compares the process conditions and product outputs of slow and fast pyrolysis.

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Rajat Agarwal
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135 views15 pages

Pyrolysis of Biomass: Presented By: Ritendra Kumar Presented To: Dr. A.N Sawarkar

This document provides an overview of pyrolysis of biomass. Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of biomass in an inert atmosphere, producing gas, liquid, and solid products. There are two main types of pyrolysis - slow pyrolysis and fast pyrolysis. Slow pyrolysis occurs at lower temperatures over longer times and produces mostly charcoal. Fast pyrolysis occurs at higher temperatures over shorter times and produces more bio-oil, char, and gas. The document discusses various biomass feedstocks, the chemical reactions involved in pyrolysis, and compares the process conditions and product outputs of slow and fast pyrolysis.

Uploaded by

Rajat Agarwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Pyrolysis of Biomass

Presented By:
RITENDRA
KUMAR

Presented To:
DR. A.N
SAWARKAR

Introduction
Biomass:
Biomass is biological material derived from living, or
recently living organisms.
It most often refers to plants or plant-based materials
which are specifically called lignocellulosic biomass.
It is derived from numerous sources, including the byproducts from the timber industry, agricultural crops,
raw material from the forest, major parts of household
waste and wood.

Wood remains the largest biomass energy source


today; examples include forest residues (such as
dead trees, branches and tree stumps), yard
clippings, wood chips and even municipal solid
waste.
The largest source of energy from wood is
pulping liquor or "black liquor," a waste product
from processes of the pulp, paper and
paperboard industry.

Sources of Biomass

Pyrolysis of Biomass
Thermal decomposition of solid waste (e.g.,
woody biomass or agroresidue) in an inert
atmosphere or with insufficient oxygen to cause
partial oxidation (to provide the heat for
decomposition) is called pyrolysis.
Depending on the rate of heating, final
temperature reached, a mixture of gas, liquid
and remaining solid are the products.

Pyrolysis processes are carried out for


i. To produce char-coal
ii. To produce pyrolysis-oils (BIO-OIL), which may
be processed into liquid fuels.

Processes employed
Slow pyrolysis
Torrefaction
Airless drying
Destructive distillation
Fast pyrolysis

Slow Pyrolysis
This process is also known as Batch Carbonization.
Key Features:
i.

Low heat transfer rate

ii. Long residence time (30min - days)


iii. Temperature range around (290 400 C)
iv. Charcoal is the main product.

Chemical Reactions
WOOD + HEAT
C6n[H2O]5n

WOOD CHAR +GAS


6nC +5nH2O

Secondary Reactions:
CO + H2
C + H2O
2CO + 2H2

CH4 + CO2

C + 2H2

CH4

C + 2H2O

CO2 + 2H2

Product Distribution

Ref: http://cse.ksu.edu/REU/S11/jmarkham/index_background_info.html

Fast Pyrolysis
Biomass fast pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that
converts feedstock into gaseous, solid, and liquid
products through the heating of biomass in the absence
of oxygen.
Key features:
i.

Rapid heat transfer

ii.

Low residence times (~ 1s)

iii. Temperature around 500 C


iv. Products are bio-oil, char and gas

Ref: http://biocharfarms.org/biochar_production_energy/

Product Distribution

Ref: http://cse.ksu.edu/REU/S11/jmarkham/index_background_info.html

Comparison of Process Conditions


and Product Outputs

References

http://cse.ksu.edu/REU/S11/jmarkham/index_background
_info.html
F. Karaosmanoglu , E. Tetik, E. Gollu, Fuel Processing
Technology 59 (1999) 112

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