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Lifting Lug Load Capacity Vs Crack Length Calculation

The document analyzes the load capacity of a lifting lug with a circular cross-section and hole based on yield theory and fracture theory. It provides calculations of load capacity based on varying crack lengths from the edge of the hole at different temperatures. The yield load capacity is found to govern over fracture load up to a crack length of 4.5mm, beyond which fracture controls. A graph is presented showing load capacity decreases as crack length increases, with fracture load capacity taking over beyond 4.5mm crack length.

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212 views48 pages

Lifting Lug Load Capacity Vs Crack Length Calculation

The document analyzes the load capacity of a lifting lug with a circular cross-section and hole based on yield theory and fracture theory. It provides calculations of load capacity based on varying crack lengths from the edge of the hole at different temperatures. The yield load capacity is found to govern over fracture load up to a crack length of 4.5mm, beyond which fracture controls. A graph is presented showing load capacity decreases as crack length increases, with fracture load capacity taking over beyond 4.5mm crack length.

Uploaded by

Joozza Manda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1Lifting Lug Load Capacity Vs Crack length Calculation

Sample Calculation
Thickness of Lug (t)
=
Width of Lug (W)
=
Radius of Circular Section (R)
=
Diameter of Hole ( Dh)
=
Diameter of Pin ( Dp)
=
Distance from centre of hole to Welding (h)=
Area of Cross Section
=
Length of Crack ( a )
=
Distance from centre of hole to edge of crack = (Dh / 2 + a) =
Temperature (T)
Fracture Toughness ( k1c)

=
=
K1c =

Check For Geometry


We =R- Dh/2
=

100 - 60/ 2 =

We =R- Dh/2

100 - 60/ 2 =

We =R- Dh/2

100 - 60/ 2 =

By Yeild Theory
Yeild Strength of Plate
Effective width of plate
Tensile Load capacity

=
=
=

By Fracture Theory
K1c =

Fd . . Sqrt(. a)

Fd =
Where,

d=
d=
Fd =
=

K1c =
63 =

345
200 - 60- 2 x4.5 =
0.9 x 345 x 131 x 20/1000 =

0.5 x (3 - d) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 - d)3 ]


a / (Dh / 2 + a)
4.5 / (60/ 2 + 4.5)
0.5 x (3 -0.13) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 -0.13)^3 ]
2.61
Load (P)
Area

Fd . . Sqrt( . a)
2.61 x 0.00025P x sqrt(3.1416 x 0.0045)

Load ( P)

812 kN

Temp = 30 Degree Celcius

Length of Crack
( a ) (mm)
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
5

(Dh / 2 + a)
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
33.5
34
35
35.8
37
38
39
40

5.8
7
8
9
10

Temperature
(T) oC
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30

Fracture
Toughness ( k1c)

d = a / (Dh / 2 + a)

66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66

0.032
0.048
0.063
0.077
0.091
0.104
0.118
0.143
0.162
0.189
0.211
0.231
0.25

Temperature
(T) oC
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15

Fracture
Toughness ( k1c)

d = a / (Dh / 2 + a)

63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63

0.032
0.048
0.063
0.077
0.091
0.104
0.118
0.13
0.167
0.189
0.211
0.231
0.25

Temp = 15 Degree Celcius

Length of Crack
( a ) (mm)
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4

4.5
6
7
8
9
10

(Dh / 2 + a)
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
33.5
34
34.5
36
37
38
39
40

Temp = Zero Degree Celcius

Length of Crack
( a ) (mm)
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5

(Dh / 2 + a)
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
33.5
33.7
35
36
37
38
39
40

3.7
5
6
7
8
9
10

Temperature
(T) oC
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Fracture
Toughness ( k1c)

d = a / (Dh / 2 + a)

60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60

0.032
0.048
0.063
0.077
0.091
0.104
0.11
0.143
0.167
0.189
0.211
0.231
0.25

Temperature
(T) oC
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15

Fracture
Toughness ( k1c)

d = a / (Dh / 2 + a)

57
57
57
57
57
57
57
57
57
57
57
57
57

0.032
0.048
0.063
0.077
0.091
0.094
0.118
0.143
0.167
0.189
0.211
0.231
0.25

Temp = -15 Degree Celcius

Length of Crack
( a ) (mm)
1
1.5
2
2.5
3

(Dh / 2 + a)

3.1
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Temp = -30 Degree Celcius

31
31.5
32
32.5
33
33.1
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Length of Crack
( a ) (mm)
1
1.5
2
2.5

(Dh / 2 + a)
31
31.5
32
32.5
32.6
33.5
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

2.6
3.5
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Temperature
(T) oC
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30

Fracture
Toughness ( k1c)

d = a / (Dh / 2 + a)

54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54

0.032
0.048
0.063
0.077
0.08
0.104
0.118
0.143
0.167
0.189
0.211
0.231
0.25

Temperature
(T) oC
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45

Fracture
Toughness ( k1c)

d = a / (Dh / 2 + a)

51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51

0.032
0.048
0.063
0.067
0.091
0.104
0.118
0.143
0.167
0.189
0.211
0.231
0.25

Temp = -45 Degree Celcius

Length of Crack
( a ) (mm)
1
1.5
2

2.15
3
3.5
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

(Dh / 2 + a)
31
31.5
32
32.15
33
33.5
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Kawish Shaikh P.Eng. UofC


> Dh/4 ; Hence OK

20 mm
200 mm
100 mm

Crack Length
(a)

60 mm
57 mm
100 mm
4.5 mm

4000 mm2
Both side of Hole
35 mm

15 C
o

(60 + 0.2 T)
Mpa. Sqrt(m)
For -140 < T < 150

(60 for Steel WT Caterary 4)

63 oC

70 mm

> Dh/2 ; Hence OK

70 mm

< 5t ; Hence OK

70 mm

> 2t ; Hence OK

MPa
131 mm

131 x 20/1000 =

814 kN

0.13

-0.13)^3 ]

6 x 0.0045)

P / 4000 =

0.0003 P

100
mm

20 x 200 =

> 1.5xDh ; Hence OK

Fracture Theory

Fd
3.157
3.059
2.97
2.89
2.812
2.743
2.67
2.546
2.457
2.337
2.246
2.167
2.096

Load (P) (kN)


- Fracture Stress in the
Theory
Net Section
1492
601
1257
510
1121
458
1031
424
967
401
918
383
882
371
827
354
796
344
762
336
741
332
725
330
711
329

Yeild Theory

Effective width
of Plate (mm)
138
137
136
135
134
133
132
130
128.4
126
124
122
120

Fracture Theory

Fd
3.157
3.059
2.97
2.89
2.812
2.743
2.67
2.61
2.434
2.337
2.246
2.167
2.096

Load (P) (kN)


- Fracture Stress in the
Theory
Net Section
1424
573
1200
487
1070
437
984
405
923
383
876
366
842
354
812
344
754
327
727
321
708
317
692
315
678
314

Load (P)
(kN) -Yeild Yeild Stress
Theory
(s)
857
345
851
345
845
345
838
345
832
345
826
345
820
345
807
345
797
345
782
345
770
345
758
345
745
345

Yeild Theory

Effective width
of Plate (mm)
138
137
136
135
134
133
132
131
128
126
124
122
120

Load (P)
(kN) -Yeild Yeild Stress
Theory
(s)
857
345
851
345
845
345
838
345
832
345
826
345
820
345
814
345
795
345
782
345
770
345
758
345
745
345

Fracture Theory

Fd
3.157
3.059
2.97
2.89
2.812
2.743
2.711
2.546
2.434
2.337
2.246
2.167
2.096

Load (P) (kN)


- Fracture Stress in the
Theory
Net Section
1356
546
1143
463
1019
416
937
386
879
364
834
349
821
344
752
321
718
312
693
305
674
302
659
300
646
299

Yeild Theory

Effective width
of Plate (mm)
138
137
136
135
134
133
132.6
130
128
126
124
122
120

Fracture Theory

Fd
3.157
3.059
2.97
2.89
2.812
2.796
2.67
2.546
2.434
2.337
2.246
2.167
2.096

Load (P) (kN)


- Fracture Stress in the
Theory
Net Section
1289
519
1086
440
968
396
890
366
835
346
826
343
762
321
715
305
682
296
658
290
640
287
626
285
614
284

Fracture Theory

Load (P)
(kN) -Yeild Yeild Stress
Theory
(s)
857
345
851
345
845
345
838
345
832
345
826
345
823
345
807
345
795
345
782
345
770
345
758
345
745
345

Yeild Theory

Effective width
of Plate (mm)
138
137
136
135
134
133.8
132
130
128
126
124
122
120

Load (P)
(kN) -Yeild Yeild Stress
Theory
(s)
857
345
851
345
845
345
838
345
832
345
831
345
820
345
807
345
795
345
782
345
770
345
758
345
745
345

Yeild Theory

Fd
3.157
3.059
2.97
2.89
2.873
2.743
2.67
2.546
2.434
2.337
2.246
2.167
2.096

Load (P) (kN)


- Fracture Stress in the
Theory
Net Section
1221
491
1029
417
918
375
843
347
832
343
751
314
722
304
677
289
646
281
623
275
607
272
593
270
581
269

Effective width
of Plate (mm)
138
137
136
135
134.8
133
132
130
128
126
124
122
120

Fracture Theory

Fd
3.157
3.059
2.97
2.947
2.812
2.743
2.67
2.546
2.434
2.337
2.246
2.167
2.096

Load (P) (kN)


- Fracture Stress in the
Theory
Net Section
1153
464
971
394
867
354
842
345
747
310
709
296
682
287
639
273
610
265
589
260
573
257
560
255
549
254

Load (P)
(kN) -Yeild Yeild Stress
Theory
(s)
857
345
851
345
845
345
838
345
837
345
826
345
820
345
807
345
795
345
782
345
770
345
758
345
745
345

Yeild Theory

Effective width
of Plate (mm)
138
137
136
135.7
134
133
132
130
128
126
124
122
120

Load (P)
(kN) -Yeild Yeild Stress
Theory
(s)
857
345
851
345
845
345
843
345
832
345
826
345
820
345
807
345
795
345
782
345
770
345
758
345
745
345

kh P.Eng. UofC

LOAD (P)

100
mm

100
mm

Crack Length
(a)

60 mm Dia.
hole
200 mm

Crack Lenth (a) Vs Tensile Load (P)

Load (kN)

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity


Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture

1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

a (mm)
6

Net Section will Yeild before Fracture


Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture

Load (kN)

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capaci


1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

6
a (mm)

Net Section will Yeild before Fracture


Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture

Load (kN)

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capac


1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

6
a (mm)

1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

6
a (mm)

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacit


(kN)

Net Section will Yeild before Fracture


Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture

Load (kN)

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacit


1400

1400
1200

Net Section will Yeild before Fracture


Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture

Load (kN)

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacit


1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

6
a (mm)

Net Section will Yeild before Fracture


Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture

Load (kN)

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacit


1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

6
a (mm)

rack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 30 oC

Load (P) (kN) Fracture Theory


Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
Theory

a (mm)
6

10

12

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 15 oC

Load (P) (kN) -Yeild


Theory

Load (kN)

C
Load (P) (kN) Fracture Theory

1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600

6
a (mm)

10

12

400
200
0
0

0
0

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 0 oC

Load (P) (kN) Fracture Theory


Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
Theory

6
a (mm)

10

12

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -15 oC

Load (P) (kN) Fracture Theory


Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
Theory

6
a (mm)

10

12

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC

Load (P) (kN) Fracture Theory


Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
Theory

6
a (mm)

10

12

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -45 oC

Load (P) (kN) Fracture Theory


Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
Theory

6
a (mm)

10

12

Load (kN)

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)


1600
Temp = 30
Degree Celcius

1400
1200

Temp = 15
Degree Celcius

1000
800

Temp = Zero
Degree Celcius

600

Temp = -15
Degree Celcius

400

Temp = -45
Degree Celcius

200
0
0

6
a (mm)

10

12

Load (P) (kN)


-Yeild Theory

Degree Celcius
0
0

6
a (mm)

10

12

Load (P) (kN)


-Yeild Theory

1Lifting Lug Load Capacity Vs Crack length Calculation


Sample Calculation
Thickness of Lug (t)
=
Width of Lug (W)
=
Radius of Circular Section (R)
=
Diameter of Hole ( Dh)
=
Diameter of Pin ( Dp)
=
Distance from centre of hole to Welding (h)=
Area of Cross Section
=
Length of Crack ( a )
=
Distance from centre of hole to edge of crack = (Dh / 2 + a) =
Temperature (T)
Fracture Toughness ( k1c)

=
=
K1c =

Check For Geometry


We =R- Dh/2
=

100 - 60/ 2 =

We =R- Dh/2

100 - 60/ 2 =

We =R- Dh/2

100 - 60/ 2 =

By Yeild Theory
Yeild Strength of Plate
Effective width of plate
Tensile Load capacity

=
=
=

By Fracture Theory
K1c =

Fd . . Sqrt(. a)

Fd =
Where,

d=
d=
Fd =
=

K1c =
43 =

345
200 - 60- 2 x4.5 =
0.9 x 345 x 131 x 20/1000 =

0.5 x (3 - d) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 - d)3 ]


a / (Dh / 2 + a)
4.5 / (60/ 2 + 4.5)
0.5 x (3 -0.13) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 -0.13)^3 ]
2.61
Load (P)
Area

Fd . . Sqrt( . a)
2.61 x 0.00025P x sqrt(3.1416 x 0.0045)

Load ( P)

554 kN

Temp = 30 Degree Celcius

Length of Crack
( a ) (mm)
1
1.5

(Dh / 2 + a)
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
33.5
34
35
35.8
37
38
39
40

2
2.5
3
3.5
4
5
5.8
7
8
9
10

Temperature
(T) oC
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30

Fracture
Toughness ( k1c)

d = a / (Dh / 2 + a)

46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46

0.032
0.048
0.063
0.077
0.091
0.104
0.118
0.143
0.162
0.189
0.211
0.231
0.25

Temperature
(T) oC
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15

Fracture
Toughness ( k1c)

d = a / (Dh / 2 + a)

43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43

0.032
0.048
0.063
0.077
0.091
0.104
0.118
0.13
0.167
0.189
0.211
0.231
0.25

Temp = 15 Degree Celcius

Length of Crack
( a ) (mm)
1

1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
6
7
8
9
10

(Dh / 2 + a)
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
33.5
34
34.5
36
37
38
39
40

Temp = Zero Degree Celcius

Length of Crack
( a ) (mm)
1

(Dh / 2 + a)
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
33.5
33.7
35
36
37
38
39
40

1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
3.7
5
6
7
8
9
10

Temperature
(T) oC
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Fracture
Toughness ( k1c)

d = a / (Dh / 2 + a)

40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40

0.032
0.048
0.063
0.077
0.091
0.104
0.11
0.143
0.167
0.189
0.211
0.231
0.25

Temperature
(T) oC
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15
-15

Fracture
Toughness ( k1c)

d = a / (Dh / 2 + a)

37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37

0.032
0.048
0.063
0.077
0.091
0.094
0.118
0.143
0.167
0.189
0.211
0.231
0.25

Temp = -15 Degree Celcius

Length of Crack
( a ) (mm)

(Dh / 2 + a)

1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.1
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

31
31.5
32
32.5
33
33.1
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Temp = -30 Degree Celcius

Length of Crack
( a ) (mm)

(Dh / 2 + a)

1
1.5
2
2.5
2.6
3.5
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

31
31.5
32
32.5
32.6
33.5
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Temperature
(T) oC
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30

Fracture
Toughness ( k1c)

d = a / (Dh / 2 + a)

34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34

0.032
0.048
0.063
0.077
0.08
0.104
0.118
0.143
0.167
0.189
0.211
0.231
0.25

Temperature
(T) oC
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45
-45

Fracture
Toughness ( k1c)

d = a / (Dh / 2 + a)

31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31

0.032
0.048
0.063
0.067
0.091
0.104
0.118
0.143
0.167
0.189
0.211
0.231
0.25

Temp = -45 Degree Celcius

Length of Crack
( a ) (mm)

(Dh / 2 + a)

1
1.5
2
2.15
3
3.5
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

31
31.5
32
32.15
33
33.5
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Kawish Shaikh P.Eng. UofC


> Dh/4 ; Hence OK

20 mm
200 mm
100 mm

Crack Length
(a)

60 mm
57 mm
100 mm
4.5 mm

4000 mm2
Both side of Hole
35 mm

15 C
o

(40 + 0.2 T)
Mpa. Sqrt(m)
For -140 < T < 150

(40 for Steel W 350)

43 oC

70 mm

> Dh/2 ; Hence OK

70 mm

< 5t ; Hence OK

70 mm

> 2t ; Hence OK

MPa
131 mm

131 x 20/1000 =

814 kN

0.13

-0.13)^3 ]

6 x 0.0045)

P / 4000 =

0.0003 P

100
mm

20 x 200 =

> 1.5xDh ; Hence OK

Fracture Theory

Fd
3.157
3.059
2.97
2.89
2.812
2.743
2.67
2.546
2.457
2.337
2.246
2.167
2.096

Load (P) (kN)


- Fracture Stress in the
Theory
Net Section
1040
419
876
355
782
319
718
296
674
279
640
267
615
259
577
246
555
240
531
234
517
232
505
230
495
229

Yeild Theory

Effective width
of Plate (mm)
138
137
136
135
134
133
132
130
128.4
126
124
122
120

Fracture Theory

Fd
3.157
3.059
2.97
2.89
2.812
2.743
2.67
2.61
2.434
2.337
2.246
2.167
2.096

Load (P) (kN)


- Fracture Stress in the
Theory
Net Section
972
391
819
332
731
298
672
276
630
261
598
250
575
242
554
235
515
223
496
219
483
216
472
215
463
214

Load (P)
(kN) -Yeild Yeild Stress
Theory
(s)
857
345
851
345
845
345
838
345
832
345
826
345
820
345
807
345
797
345
782
345
770
345
758
345
745
345

Yeild Theory

Effective width
of Plate (mm)
138
137
136
135
134
133
132
131
128
126
124
122
120

Load (P)
(kN) -Yeild Yeild Stress
Theory
(s)
857
345
851
345
845
345
838
345
832
345
826
345
820
345
814
345
795
345
782
345
770
345
758
345
745
345

Fracture Theory

Fd
3.157
3.059
2.97
2.89
2.812
2.743
2.711
2.546
2.434
2.337
2.246
2.167
2.096

Load (P) (kN)


- Fracture Stress in the
Theory
Net Section
904
364
762
309
680
278
625
257
586
243
556
232
547
229
501
214
479
208
462
204
449
201
439
200
431
199

Yeild Theory

Effective width
of Plate (mm)
138
137
136
135
134
133
132.6
130
128
126
124
122
120

Fracture Theory

Fd
3.157
3.059
2.97
2.89
2.812
2.796
2.67
2.546
2.434
2.337
2.246
2.167
2.096

Load (P) (kN)


- Fracture Stress in the
Theory
Net Section
836
337
705
286
629
257
578
238
542
225
536
223
494
208
464
198
443
192
427
188
416
186
406
185
398
184

Fracture Theory

Load (P)
(kN) -Yeild Yeild Stress
Theory
(s)
857
345
851
345
845
345
838
345
832
345
826
345
823
345
807
345
795
345
782
345
770
345
758
345
745
345

Yeild Theory

Effective width
of Plate (mm)
138
137
136
135
134
133.8
132
130
128
126
124
122
120

Load (P)
(kN) -Yeild Yeild Stress
Theory
(s)
857
345
851
345
845
345
838
345
832
345
831
345
820
345
807
345
795
345
782
345
770
345
758
345
745
345

Yeild Theory

Fd
3.157
3.059
2.97
2.89
2.873
2.743
2.67
2.546
2.434
2.337
2.246
2.167
2.096

Load (P) (kN)


- Fracture Stress in the
Theory
Net Section
769
309
648
263
578
236
531
219
524
216
473
198
454
191
426
182
407
177
392
173
382
171
373
170
366
169

Effective width
of Plate (mm)
138
137
136
135
134.8
133
132
130
128
126
124
122
120

Fracture Theory

Fd
3.157
3.059
2.97
2.947
2.812
2.743
2.67
2.546
2.434
2.337
2.246
2.167
2.096

Load (P) (kN)


- Fracture Stress in the
Theory
Net Section
701
282
591
239
527
215
512
210
454
188
431
180
414
174
389
166
371
161
358
158
348
156
340
155
334
155

Load (P)
(kN) -Yeild Yeild Stress
Theory
(s)
857
345
851
345
845
345
838
345
837
345
826
345
820
345
807
345
795
345
782
345
770
345
758
345
745
345

Yeild Theory

Effective width
of Plate (mm)
138
137
136
135.7
134
133
132
130
128
126
124
122
120

Load (P)
(kN) -Yeild Yeild Stress
Theory
(s)
857
345
851
345
845
345
843
345
832
345
826
345
820
345
807
345
795
345
782
345
770
345
758
345
745
345

kh P.Eng. UofC

LOAD (P)

100
mm

100
mm

Crack Length
(a)

60 mm Dia.
hole
200 mm

Crack Lenth (a) Vs Tensile Load (P)

Load (kN)

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity


Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture

1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

a (mm)
6

Net Section will Yeild before Fracture


Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture

Load (kN)

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacit


1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

6
a (mm)

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capac


Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture

Load (kN)

1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

6
a (mm)

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity


800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

6
a (mm)

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity


900
(kN)

Net Section will Fracture


Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture

Load (kN)

900

800

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity

Net Section will Fracture


Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture

Load (kN)

900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

6
a (mm)

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity

Net Section will Fracture


Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture
Net Section will Fracture

Load (kN)

900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

6
a (mm)

rack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 30 oC

Load (P) (kN) Fracture Theory


Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
Theory

a (mm)
6

10

12

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 15 oC

Load (P) (kN) -Yeild


Theory

Load (kN)

C
Load (P) (kN) Fracture Theory

1200
1000
800
600
400

6
a (mm)

10

12
200
0
0

0
0

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 0 oC

Load (P) (kN) Fracture Theory


Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
Theory

6
a (mm)

10

12

rack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -15 oC

Load (P) (kN) Fracture Theory


Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
Theory

6
a (mm)

10

12

rack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC

rack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC

Load (P) (kN) Fracture Theory


Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
Theory

6
a (mm)

10

12

rack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -45 oC

Load (P) (kN) Fracture Theory


Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
Theory

6
a (mm)

10

12

Load (kN)

Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)


1200
1000

Temp = 30
Degree Celcius

800

Temp = 15
Degree Celcius

600

Temp = Zero
Degree Celcius

400

Temp = -15
Degree Celcius

200

Temp = -45
Degree Celcius

0
0

6
a (mm)

10

12

Load (P) (kN)


-Yeild Theory

Degree Celcius
0
0

6
a (mm)

10

12

Load (P) (kN)


-Yeild Theory

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