English Grammar Tenses Guide
English Grammar Tenses Guide
Subject
We
We
We
We
We
We
We
We
We
We
We
We
We
We
We
We
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Verb/Predicate
study
are studying
studied
were studying
have studied
have been studying
had studied
had been studying
will study
will be studying
will have studied
will have been studying
would study
would be studying
would have studied
would have been studying
Object
English
English
English
English
English
English
English
English
English
English
English
English
English
English
English
English
Modifier
everyday.
now.
last night.
when she came last night.
for 3 hours.
for 3 hours.
for 3 hours when she came last night.
for 3 hours when she came last night.
tomorrow.
when she comes tomorrow.
for 3 hours when she comes tomorrow.
for 3 hours when she comes tomorrow.
when she came last night.
when she came last night.
for 3 hours when she came last night.
for 3 hours when she came last night
Farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops twice a year. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali bercocok tanam padi dua kali setahun).
Some students usually conduct research on vegetative plant propagations. (Beberapa siswa biasanya melakukan
penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif).
Transpiration starts to increase at 8 a.m. (Transpirasi mulai meningkat jam 8 pagi).
Note: Pada contoh 1 dan 2 digunakan plural verb karena subject-nya plural, sedangkan pada contoh yang ketiga digunakan
singular verb [verb1 + (s atau es)] karena didahului oleh singular subject.
Kapan verb1 ditambahkan huruf s dan kapan ditambahkan huruf es sehingga menjadi singular verb yang benar? Hampir
semua singular verb dibentuk dengan menambahkan huruf s diakhir verb1 (i.e. Verb1 + s ). Namun, mengingat jumlah verb
sangat banyak, maka yang perlu dipahami/dihafal sekarang adalah kapan kita harus menambahkan es. Ketentuannya adalah
jika verb1 berakhiran dengan huruf o, x, ch, y, th, s, dan sh maka Verb1 + es.
Contoh:
Verb1
go
do
box
watch
pinch
punch
study
cry
fly
Verb1 + es
goes
does
boxes
watches
pinches
punches
studies
cries
flies
Meaning
pergi
melakukan/mengerjakan
bertinju
menonton
mencubit
memukul
belajar
menangis
terbang
try
press
pass
smash
brush
bath
sooth
wash
tries
presses
passes
smashes
brushes
bathes
soothes
washes
mencoba
menekan, tindis
lulus, meloloskan
memukul
menyikat
mandi
menenangkan
mencuci
Note:
Huruf y yang didahului oleh konsonan berubah menjadi i (Lihat: studies, tries, cries).
Verb have (mempunyai) berubah secara tidak beraturan menjadi has.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (Matahari terbit di timur dan tenggelam di barat).
The full moon comes every 30 days. (Purnama datang tiap 30 hari).
The planet earth takes 365 days to rotate the sun. (Planet bumi butuh 365 hari untuk mengelilingi matahari).
2. untuk menyatakan kebiasan-kebiasaan yang dilakukan oleh subject kalimat (habitual action); Kebiasaan-kebiasaan
tersebut masih berlangsung sampai sekarang dan (mungkin) akan terus berlanjut ke masa yang akan datang (future).
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
My son always goes to school on foot. (Putra saya selalu pergi ke sekolah dengan berjalan kaki).
Mr. Bain usually plays badminton every Sunday morning but he did not show up last Sunday. (Mr Bain biasanya
main bulutangkis tiap minggu pagi tetapi dia tidak muncul (tidak main) hari Minggu yang lalu).
Mr. Budi always drives a car to the office. (Mr. Budi selalu mengendarai mobil ke kantor).
The prices of goods always increase when the good availabilities drop in market. (Harga-harga barang selalu naik
ketika ketersedianya di pasar menurun).
Solar radiation is required during photosynthesis. (Radiasi surya dibutuhkan selama proses fotosintesis).
Twenty-five divided by five is equal to five. (25 dibagi 5 sama dengan 5).
4. Untuk menyatakan/mengekspresikan keadaan atau kondisi seseorang atau sesuatu pada saat sekarang (pada saat
diekspresikan). Verbs untuk mengekspresikan seseorang atau sesuatu ini terkait dengan proses/keadaan di dalam otak,
terkait dengan perasaan, terkait dengan panca indera, dan terkait dengan kepemilikan. Verbs seperti ini secara kolektif
disebut Stative Verbs. Verbs ini sering kita gunakan atau dengar dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Jadi, perhatikan dan hafalkan
verbs dalam tabel berikut!
Terkait dengan proses/keadaan di dalam otak
know (tahu)
doubt (meragukan)
believe (percaya)
need (memerlukan/butuh)
understand (mengerti/paham)
prefer (lebih suka)
imagine (membayangkan)
mean (berarti)
think (berfikir/mengira/kira)
forget (melupakan/lupa)
recognize (mengenali)
remember (mengingat/ingat)
Terkait dengan perasaan
hate (benci)
love (cinta)
Terkait dengan panca indera
hear (mendengar)
see (melihat)
smell (mencium/tercium)
appear (muncul)
have (mempunyai)
own (mempunyai)
like (suka)
want (menginginkan/ingin)
sound (terdengar)
look (melihat/tampak)
seem (tampak)
taste (merasakan/terasa)
Terkait dengan kepemilikan
possess (mempunyai)
belong (milik)
Note: Stative verbs bersifat pasif dan tidak digunakan dalam continuous tenses. Tetapi, beberapa stative verbs juga dapat
bersifat aktif , bermakna sedikit berbeda dengan stative verbs, dan dalam hal ini, dapat digunakan dalam continuous tenses.
Perbedaan penggunaan verbs bersifat pasif dan aktif ini dibahas secara lebih detail di topik Simple present tense vs present
continous tense.
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
5. Untuk menyatakan fakta yang ada sekarang. Penekanannya lebih pada adanya fakta, bukan pada proses terjadinya
fakta.Verb yang sering digunakan di sini antara lain: consist of, contain, include, exist, cost, be (i.e: is, am, dan are, atau be
jika mengikuti modal auxiliary).
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
She weighs more than 100 kg. She is very fat. (Dia beratnya lebih dari 100 kg. Dia sangat gemuk).
I want to buy these shoes. How much do they cost? (Saya mau beli sepatu ini. Berapa harganya?).
Cigarettes contain a lot of nicotine and other harmful substances. (Rokok-rokok mengandung banyak nikotin dan
zat-zat berbahaya lainnya).
Note: Dalam simple present tense, sering digunakan adverb seperti: always (selalu), often (sering), usually (biasanya),
sometimes (kadang-kadang), seldom (jarang), never (tidak pernah). Adverbs ini biasanya ditempatkan diantara subject dan
verb. Tetapi jika kalimat menggunakan be, adverb ditempatkan setelah be (Lihat contoh 4). Walaupun disisipi adverb,
bentuk verb tidak berubah. Artinya, jika subject-nya singular (orang ketiga tunggal), verbnya tetap singular (Lihat contoh 5).
Selain adverbs, simple present tense juga sering disisipi modal auxilliary seperti can (dapat), may (boleh, mungkin), dan
must (harus). (Lihat contoh 6). Dan ingat, gunakan plural verb setelah modal auxilliary. Singular verb tidak pernah
digunakan setelah modal auxiliary (Lihat contoh 7). Penggunaan modal auxilliary akan dibahas secara khusus pada posting
berikutnya.
Contoh :
1.
2.
I usually watch Hollywood movies to maintain my English proficiency. (Saya biasanya nonton film-film
Hollywood untuk mempertahankan kemampuan bahasa Inggris saya).
They always arrive on time. (Mereka selalu tiba tepat waktu).
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
My children sometimes go to Kuta Beach to practice their English. (Anak-anak saya kadang-kadang pergi ke
pantai Kuta untuk melatih bahasa Ingggrisnya).
He is never late. (Dia tak pernah telat).
Because he seldom studies hard, he seldom gets good results. (Karena dia jarang belajar keras, dia jarang dapat
nilai bagus).
Can I go now? No, you cant. You must stay here until we finish doing our homework. (Dapat saya pergi
sekarang? Tidak. Kamu harus tetap di sini sampai kita selesai mengerjakan PR kita).
He must go to see a doctor now. (Dia harus pergi ke dokter sekarang).
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam Simple Present Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan kata bantu do atau does
(tergantung dari subject kalimat) dan not, seperti terlihat dalam formula berikut,
Subject + (does/do) + not + Verb1 + Object + Modifier
Note: a) Jika kalimat positifnya menggunakan singular verb (i.e. verb1 + s/es), gunakan kata bantu does sebelum not dan
jangan lupa untuk merubah singgular verb tersebut menjadi verb1. Does not dapat disingkat doesnt dan do not dapat
disingkat dont. b) Jika kalimat positifnya menggunakan be (i.e. is, am atau are), kata bantu do atau does tidak diperlukan.
Yang perlu dilakukan di sini hanyalah menyisipkan not setelah be, yang masing-masing dapat disingkat menjadi isnt/
arent. Kontraksi am + not adalah aint, tetapi jangan gunakan kontraksi ini dalam tulisan/percakapan formal karena sangat
tidak formal.
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
The sun does not rise in the west and does not set in the east. (Matahari tidak terbit di barat dan tidak tenggelam di
timur).
The full moon does not come every 15 days. (Purnama tidak datang tiap 15 hari).
The planet earth does not take 400 days to rotate the sun. (Planet bumi tidak butuh 400 hari untuk mengelilingi
matahari).
My son does not always go to school on foot. (Putraku tidak selalu pergi ke sekolah dengan berjalan kaki).
Mr. Bain does not always play badminton every Sunday morning. (Mr Bain tidak selalu main bulutangkis tiap
minggu pagi).
Mr. Budi does not always drive a car to the office. (Mr. Budi tidak selalu naik mobil ke kantor).
I do not believe you. (Saya tidak percaya kamu).
I do not understand English better now. (Saya tidak memahami bahasa Inggris dengan lebih baik sekarang).
The song does not sound good but I can catch every single word in it. (Lagu itu tidak terdengar manis tapi saya
dapat menangkap setiap kata di lagu itu).
The snack does not taste good. (Camilan itu tidak terasa lezat).
I do not love you very much. (Saya tidak sangat cinta kamu).
I do not always watch Hollywood movies to maintain my English proficiency. (Saya tidak selalu nonton film-film
Hollywood untuk mempertahankan kemampuan bahasa Inggrisku).
My children do not always practice their English every Saturday night. (Anak-anakku tidak selalu melatih bahasa
Ingggrisnya setiap sabtu malam).
He is never late. (Dia tak pernah telat).
Although he does not always study hard, he always gets good results. (Walaupun dia tidak selalu belajar keras, dia
selalu memperoleh nilai bagus).
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Simple Present Tense dibuat dengan menempatkan kata bantu does/do atau be is/am/are sebelum
subject. Perhatikan formula berikut:
Does/Do + Subject + Verb1 + Object + Modifier?
Contoh:
1.
Do farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops twice a year? (Apakah petani-petani di Jati Bali bercocok tanam padi dua
kali setahun?).
2.
3.
Do some students usually conduct research on vegetative plant propagations? (Apakah beberapa siswa biasanya
melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif?).
Does transpiration start to increase at 8 a.m? (Apakah transpirasi mulai meningkat jam 8 pagi?).
1. Farmers in Jati Bali are growing rice crops now. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali sedang bercock tanam padi sekarang).
2. Some students are conducting research on vegetative plant propagations. (Beberapa siswa sedang melakukan
3.
We are studying English now. (Kita sedang belajar bahasa Inggris sekarang).
She is listening to the music now. (Dia sedang mendengarkan musik itu sekarang).
I am discussing English with my colleagues now. (Saya sedang mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman
kerja saya sekarang).
They are playing football now. (Mereka sedang main sepakbola sekarang).
James, the gardener, is watering plants now. (James, si tukang kebun, sedang menyirami tanaman sekarang).
2. Present continuous tense juga digunakan untuk menyatakan dua atau lebih aktivitas yang SEDANG berlangsung secara
bersamaan. Aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung tersebut biasanya dihubungkan dengan conjunction while dan and.
Contoh:
1.
2.
What are your two little sisters doing now? Are they studying? Yes mom, they are both studying. Ririn is studying
the present continuous tense while Rini is solving math problems. (little = adik, math problems = soal-soal
matematika).
Are your parents at home? Yes, they are. My father is reading newspapers in the living room and my mom is
cooking in the kitchen.
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam Present Continuous Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan NOT di belakang be (is/am/are),
seperti yang terlihat dalam formula berikut:
1. We are not studying English now. (Kita tidak sedang belajar bahasa Inggris sekarang).
2. She is not listening to the music now. (Dia tidak sedang mendengarkan musik sekarang).
3. I am not discussing English with my colleagues at the moment. (Saya tidak sedang mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris
dengan teman-teman kerjaku sekarang).
4. They are not playing football now. (Mereka tidak sedang main bola sekarang).
5. James, the gardener, is not watering the plants now. (James, si tukang kebun, tidak sedang menyirami tanaman
6.
sekarang).
I am not writing this note while my wife is not washing clothes. (Saya tidak sedang menulis catatan ini,
sementara istri saya sedang mencuci pakaian).
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Present Continuous Tense dibuat dengan menempatkan be (is/am/are) di depan subject, seperti
tampak pada pola berikut:
1. Are we studying English at the moment? (Apakah kita sedang belajar bahasa Inggris sekarang?).
2. Is she listening to the music now? (Apakah dia sedang mendengarkan musik sekarang?).
3. Am I discussing English with my colleagues now? (Apakah saya sedang mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan
4.
5.
now (sekarang)
at the moment (sekarang).
1. Be quite, please! She is studying at the moment. (Tolong, jangan ribut. Dia sedang sedang belajar sekarang.).
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The plants are being watered by the gardener now. (Tanaman-tanaman itu SEDANG disiram oleh tukang kebun
sekarang).
The plants are watered by the gardener everyday. (Tanaman-tanaman itu disiram oleh tukang kebun tiap hari).
The white board is being erased by Andi. (Papan tulis SEDANG dihapus oleh Andi).
Sometimes, the white board is erased by Andi. (Kadang-kadang papan tulis dihapus oleh Andi).
The bad boy is being interrogated by his father. (Anak nakal itu SEDANG dinterogasi oleh bapaknya).
The bad boy is always interrogated by his father. (Anak nakal itu selalu dinterogasi oleh bapaknya).
Sekarang, coba anda rubah kalimat-kalimat pasif di atas menjadi kalimat aktif. Remember: makna SEDANG-nya jangan
sampai hilang!
Cara-cara merubah kalimat pasif menjadi kalimat aktif, dan sebaliknya, dari kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif dapat
dibaca di topik: Active dan Passive Voice.
Penggunaan pola present continuous tense untuk menyatakan aktivitas future time?
Pertama-tama perhatikan keempat contoh kalimat berikut:
1.
2.
3.
4.
We are not studying English tomorrow. (Kita tidak akan belajar bahasa Inggris besok).
I am not leaving for Bali next month. (Saya tidak akan pergi ke Bali bulan depan).
They are not playing for the tournament next week. (Mereka tidak akan bertanding minggu depan).
She is coming home next Monday. (Dia akan pulang Senin depan).
Apakah keempat kalimat di atas benar? Apakah pola present continuous tense dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian
atau aktivitas yang akan berlangsung di masa mendatang (future time)?
Farmers in Jati Bali grew rice crops 6 months ago. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali bercocok tanam padi 6 bulan yang
lalu).
Some students conducted research on vegetative plant propagations last year. (Beberapa siswa melakukan
penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif tahun lalu).
Transpiration started to increase 3 hours ago. (Transpirasi mulai meningkat 3 jam yang lalu).
Note: jika subject diikuti oleh adjective atau noun, gunakan be was jika subject-nya I, he, she, it atau noun yang dapat
digantikan oleh he, she atau it, dan gunakan were jika subject-nya you, they, we atau noun yang dapat digantikan dengan
you, they atau we.
3.
4. This plant was 1 meter tall last month but it is almost 2 meters now. (Tanaman ini setinggi 1 meter sebulan yang
5.
2. Untuk membuat sub-clause dari unreal conditionals tipe kedua, yaitu jika faktanya dalam simple present tense.
Contoh:
1. If I had a pair of wings, I would fly as high as I could. (Jika saya punya sepasang sayap, saya akan terbang setingi
saya bisa).
2. If he were here now, he could help us solve this math problem. (Jika dia di sini sekarang, dia dapat membantu kita
3.
Note: Dalam unreal conditional sentence, be yang digunakan selalu were. Hal ini dibahas secara lebih detail dalam
conditional sentences (part 2).
3. Untuk membuat kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech) jika kalimat langsungnya (direct speech) menggunakan
simple present tense.
Contoh:
He said that he missed his girlfriend. (Dia bilang bahwa dia rindu pacarnya).
yesterday (kemarin)
ago (yang lalu). Misalnya: a minute ago, two days ago, a week ago, three months ago, two years ago, etc.
last (yang lalu). Misalnya: last week, last year, last two days, last Monday, last December, etc.
this + morning/noon/afternoon/evening.
Note: walaupun ago dan last memiliki arti yang sama, perhatikan perbedaan letaknya. Ago diletakkan setelah noun yang
diterangkannya (i.e. noun + ago), sedangkan last diletakkan sebelum noun (i.e. last + noun).
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam Past Tense dibuat dengan cara sebagai berikut:
3.
Jadi, setelah ketiga tahapan dilakukan, kalimat negatifnya akan mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
1. I did not go to Kuta beach yesterday. (Saya tidak pergi ke pantai Kuta kemarin).
2. The tsunami did not sweep Medan. (Tsunami tidak menyapu Medan).
3. This plant was not 2 meters tall last month. (Tanaman ini tidak setinggi 2 meter sebulan yang lalu).
4.
I was not a very good badminton player a year ago. (Saya tidak seorang pemain bulutangkis yang sangat bagus
satu tahun yang lalu).
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Simple Past Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Did farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops 6 months ago? (Apakah petani-petani di Jati Bali bercocok tanam padi 6
2.
3.
4.
Farmers in Jati Bali were growing rice crops at 9 a.m yesterday. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali sedang menanam padi
jam 9 pagi kemarin).
Some students were conducting research on vegetative plant propagations when I went to the agronomy laboratory
two days ago. (Beberapa siswa sedang melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif ketika saya pergi
ke lab. agronmy dua hari lalu).
Transpiration was starting to increase at 8 a.m. this morning. (Transpirasi sedang mulai meningkat jam 8 pagi tadi).
1. Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sedang terjadi pada waktu yang spesifik di masa
lampau. Dalam hal ini, spesifikasi waktu biasanya dinyatakan dengan jam (i.e. jam berapa kejadian itu berlangsung).
Contoh:
1. My daughter was watching TV at eight oclock last night. (Anak saya sedang nonton TV jam 8 tadi malam).
2. She was copying the materials at 10 oclock this morning. (Dia sedang memfotokopi materi jam 10 tadi pagi).
3. I was discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. last Friday. (Saya sedang mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris
dengan teman-teman kelas saya jam 2 sore hari Jumat yang lalu).
4. I was being busy at 8 oclock yesterday morning. (Saya sedang sibuk jam 8 pagi kemarin).
5.
They were being very happy at 9 oclock last Saturday night. (Mereka sedang sangat bahagia jam 9 malam minggu
lalu).
2. Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang terjadi atau sedang berlangsung di masa
lampau, yang terinterupsi oleh kejadian yang lain. Dalam hal ini, formulanya adalah sebagai berikut:
When I came home, my daughter was watching TV. (Ketika saya pulang, putri saya sedang nonton TV).
When I called him last night, he was playing card with his friends. (Ketika saya telpon dia tadi malam, dia sedang
main kartu dengan teman-temannya).
When she screamed for help, we were chitchatting. (Ketika dia berteriak minta tolong, kami sedang ngobrol).
When someone broke into our house, we were sleeping. (Ktika seseorang masuk/mencuri ke dalam rumah kami,
kami sedang tidur).
I held my breath when somebody was behaving suspiciously in my backyard. (Saya menahan nafas saya ketika
seseorang bertingkah laku mencurigakan di belakang rumah saya).
3. Past Continuous Tense juga digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang terjadi pada saat bersamaan di masa
lampau. Dalam hal ini, formula berikut biasanya digunakan.
While I was typing this note, my family was watching TV in the family room. (Sementara saya sedang mengetik
catatan ini, keluarga saya sedang nonton TV di ruang keluarga).
While the president was giving his speech, the audience was listening to him carefully. (Sementara presiden sedang
berpidato, pemirsa/hadirin sedang mendengarkannya dengan seksama).
Male students were playing around while female ones were chitchatting. (Murid-murid laki-laki sedang bermainmain sementara murid-murid wanita sedang ngobrol).
My roommate was snoring loudly while I was studying. (Teman sekamar saya sedang mendengkur keras sementara
saya sedang belajar).
We were smoking while we were drinking. (Kami sedang merokok sementara kami sedang minum).
10
Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam Past Continuous Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan not setelah be were/was, seperti
yang terlihat dalam formula berikut:
1. My daughter was not watching TV at eight oclock last night. (Anak saya tidak sedang nonton TV jam 8 tadi
malam).
2. She was not copying the materials at 10 oclock this morning. (Dia tidak sedang memfotokopi materi jam 10 tadi
pagi).
3. I was not discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. last Friday. (Saya tidak sedang mendiskusikan bahasa
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Inggris dengan teman-teman kelas saya jam 2 sore hari Jumat yang lalu).
I was not being busy at 8 oclock yesterday morning. (Saya sedang tidak sibuk jam 8 pagi kemarin).
They were not being very happy at 9 oclock last Saturday night. (Mereka sedang tidak sangat bahagia jam 9
malam minggu lalu).
When I came home, my daughter was not watching TV. (Ketika saya pulang, putri saya tidak sedang nonton TV).
When I called him last night, he was not playing card with his friends. (Ketika saya telpon dia tadi malam, dia
tidak sedang main kartu dengan teman-temannya).
When she screamed for help, we were not chitchatting. (Ketika dia berteriak minta tolong, kami sedang ngobrol).
Someone broke into our house when we were not sleeping. (Seseorang masuk/mencuri ke dalam rumah kami
ketika kami tidak sedang tidur).
I breathed well when somebody was not behaving suspiciously in my backyard. (Saya bernafas lega ketika
seseorang tidak sedang bertingkah laku mencurigakan di belakang rumah saya).
While I was not typing this note, we were watching TV in the family room. (Sementara saya sedang mengetik
catatan ini, kami sedang nonton TV di ruang keluarga).
While the president was giving his speech, the audience was not listening to him carefully. (Sementara presiden
sedang berpidato, pemirsa/hadirin tidak sedang mendengarkannya dengan seksama).
Male students were not playing around while female ones were chitchatting. (Murid-murid laki-laki tidak sedang
bermain-main sementara murid-murid wanita sedang ngobrol).
My roommate was not snoring loudly while I was studying. (Teman sekamar saya sedang tidak mendengkur keras
sementara saya sedang belajar).
We were not smoking while we were not drinking. (Kami sedang tidak sedang merokok sementara kami tidak
sedang minum).
Note: NOT dapat dikontraksi dengan be di depannya menjadi: wasnt dan werent. Tetapi, penggunaan kontraksi dianggap
sedikit kurang formal.
1. Was your daughter watching TV at eight oclock last night? (Apakah putrid kamu sedang nonton TV jam 8 tadi
malam?).
2. Was she copying the materials at 10 oclock this morning? (Apakah dia sedang memfotokopi materi jam 10 tadi
pagi?).
3. Were you discussing English with your classmates at 2 p.m. last Friday? (Apakah kamu sedang mendiskusikan
4.
5.
bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman kelasmu jam 2 sore hari Jumat yang lalu?).
Were you being busy at 8 oclock yesterday morning? (Apakah kamu sedang sibuk jam 8 pagi kemarin?).
Were they being very happy at 9 oclock last Saturday night? (Apakah mereka sedang sangat bahagia jam 9
malam minggu lalu?). Dan seterusnya.
11
1. at + jam + last night/two days ago/yesterday morning, dst. Misalnya: at eight oclock last night, at 10 this
2.
3.
morning, dst.
when + simple past tense. Misalnya: when I came home, when I called him last night, dst.
while + past continuous tense. Misalnya: while I was typing this note, while we were drinking, dst.
Farmers in Jati Bali have grown rice crops since 1970. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali telah menanam padi sejak tahun
1970).
Some students have conducted research on vegetative plant propagations for two months. (Beberapa siswa telah
melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif selama 2 bulan).
Transpiration has started to increase since three hours ago. (Transpirasi telah mulai meningkat sejak tiga jam yang
lalu).
Note: HAS VERB3 digunakan jika subjectnya singular, yaitu jika subjectnya adalah he, she, it dan noun yang dapat
digantikan dengan subject pronoun he, she atau it. Sebaliknya, HAVE VERB3 digunakan jika subjectnya plural, yaitu jika
subjectnya adalah I, you, they, we, dan noun yang dapat digantikan dengan subject pronoun I, you, they, atau we.
John has traveled around the world. (John telah bertamasya ke seluruh dunia).
She has read the entire book. (Dia telah membaca buku itu secara keseluruhan).
I have eaten. (Saya telah makan).
Someone has stolen my book. (Seseorang telah mencuri buku saya).
They have gone. (Mereka telah pergi).
Note: Pada contoh di atas, kita tidak tahu kapan John bertamasya ke seluruh dunia, kapan dia membaca buku, kapan saya
makan, kapan seseorang mencuri buku saya, kapan mereka pergi. Yang menjadi penekanan adalah kejadian/aktivitas
tersebut telah terjadi/dilakukan.
2. Untuk menyatakan kekerapan (berapa kali) kejadian/aktivitas terjadi/dilakukan pada waktu yang tidak spesifik
(unspecified/indefinite time) di masa lampau.
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
I have seen the Titanic three times. (Saya telah nonton Titanic tiga kali).
She has fallen in love ten times. (Dia telah jatuh cinta 10 kali).
They have failed the exam twice. (Mereka telah gagal ujian 2 kali).
My car has broken down five times. (Mobil saya telah mogok 5 kali minggu ini).
12
5.
Our dean has punished that very rebellious student three times. (Dekan kita telah menghukum mahasiswa yang
sangat membangkang itu 3 kali).
Note: Pada contoh di atas, kita tidak tahu kapan saya nonton Titanic, kapan dia jatuh cinta, kapan mereka gagal ujian, kapan
mobil saya rusak, kapan dekan menghukum mahasiswa pembangkang itu. Yang menjadi penekanan adalah berapa kali
kejadian/aktivitas tersebut telah terjadi/dilakukan dari dulu samapi NOW; apakah once (sekali), twice/two times (dua kali),
trice/three times (tiga kali), ten times (sepuluh kali), dan seterusnya.
3. Untuk menyatakan bahwa kejadian/aktivitas terus terjadi/dilakukan mulai dari waktu tertentu di masa lampau sampai
sekarang (now).
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I have lived in this house for nine years. (Saya telah tinggal di rumah ini selama 9 tahun). Artinya, sejak 9 tahun
yang lalu sampai sekarang, saya telah tinggal di runah ini.
We have studied English since a month ago. (Kita telah belajar bahasa Inggris sejak 1 bulan yang lalu). Artinya,
sejak sebulan yang lalu hingga sekarang, kita telah belajar bahasa inggris.
He has married her for nineteen years. (Dia telah mengawininya selama 19 tahun).
Mr. Johnson has worked in the same place since 1980. (Pak Johnson telah bekerja di tempat yang sama sejak tahun
1980).
She has waited for her boyfriend for an hour. (Dia telah menunggu pacarnya selama satu jam).
Note: Semua kejadian/aktivitas pada kelima contoh di atas masih berlangsung sampai saat diungkapkan (now).
Kejadian/aktivitas seperti ini juga dapat dinyatakan dengan present perfect continuous tense dengan tanpa merubah makna
kalimat.
I have lived in this house since 2000. (Saya telah tinggal di rumah ini sejak tahun 2000).
We have studied English for a month. (Kita telah belajar bahasa Inggris selama 1 bulan).
He has married her since 1990. (Dia telah mengawininya sejak tahun 1990).
Mr. Johnson has worked in the same place for twenty-nine years. (Pak Johnson telah bekerja di tempat yang sama
selama 29 tahun).
She has waited for her boyfriend since an hour ago. (Dia telah menunggu pacarnya sejak sejam yang lalu).
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif kalimat dalam Present Perfect Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan not setelah auxilary has/have, seperti
yang terlihat dalam formula berikut,
John has not traveled around the world. (John belum bertamasya ke seluruh dunia).
She has not read the entire book. (Dia belum membaca buku itu secara keseluruhan).
I have not eaten. (Saya belum makan).
Someone has not stolen my book. (Seseorang belum mencuri buku saya).
They have not gone. (Mereka belum pergi).
13
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
I have not seen the Titanic three times. (Saya belum nonton Titanic tiga kali).
She has not fallen in love ten times. (Dia belum jatuh cinta 10 kali).
They have not passed the exam two times. (Mereka belum lulus ujian 2 kali).
My car has not broken down five times. (Mobil saya belum mogok 5 kali).
Our dean has not punished that very rebellious student three times. (Dekan kita belum menghukum mahasiswa
yang sangat membangkang itu 3 kali).
I have not lived in this house for nine years. (Saya belum tinggal di rumah ini selama 9 tahun).
We have not studied English for a month. (Kita belum belajar bahasa Inggris selama sebulan).
He has not married her for nineteen years. (Dia belum mengawininya selama 19tahun).
Mr. Johnson has not worked in the same place for twenty-nine years. (Mr Johnson belum bekerja di tempat yang
sama selama 29 tahun).
She has not waited for her boyfriend for an hour. (Dia belum menunggu pacarnya selama satu jam).
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Present Perfect Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Has John traveled around the world? (Apakah John telah bertamasya ke seluruh dunia?).
Has she read the entire book? (Apakah dia telah membaca buku itu secara keseluruhan?).
Have you eaten? (Apakah kamu telah makan?).
Has someone stolen your book? (Apakah seseorang telah mencuri buku kamu?).
Have they gone? (Apakah mereka telah pergi?).
Have you seen the Titanic three times? (Apakah kamu telah nonton film Titanic tiga kali?).
Has she fallen in love ten times? (Apakah dia telah jatuh cinta 10 kali?).
Have they failed the exam twice? (Apakah mereka telah gagal ujian 2 kali?).
Has your car broken down five times? (Apakah mobil kamu telah mogok 5 kali?).
Has our dean punished that very rebellious student three times? (Apakah dekan kita telah menghukum mahasiswa
yang sangat membangkang itu 3 kali?).
Have you lived in this house for nine years? (Apakah kamu telah tinggal di rumah ini selama 9 tahun?).
Have we studied English for a month? (Apakah kita telah belajar bahasa Inggris selama 1 bulan?).
Has he married her for nineteen years? (Apakah dia telah mengawininya selama 19 tahun?).
Has Mr. Johnson worked in the same place since 1980? (Apakah pak Johnson telah bekerja di tempat yang sama
sejak tahun 1980?).
Has she waited for her boyfriend for an hour? (Apakah dia telah menunggu pacarnya selama satu jam?).
14
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
John has already traveled around the world. Atau, John has traveled around the world already.
She has already read the entire book. Atau, She has read the entire book already.
I have already eaten. Atau, I have eaten already.
Someone has already stolen my book. Atau, Someone has stolen my book already.
They have already gone. Atau, They have gone already.
I have already seen the Titanic three times. Atau, I have seen the Titanic three times already.
She has already fallen in love ten times. Atau, She has fallen in love ten times already.
They have already failed the exam twice. Atau, They have failed the exam twice already.
My car has already broken down five times. Atau, My car has broken down five times already.
Our dean has already punished that very rebellious student three times. Atau, Our dean has punished that very
rebellious student three times already.
b. Adverb yet digunakan pada negative form (kalimat negative) dan interogative form (kalimat tanya), yang biasanya
ditempatkan di akhir kalimat, seperti pada formula berikut ini:
John has not traveled around the world yet. Atau, John has yet to travel around the world.
She has not read the entire book yet. Atau, She has yet to read the entire book.
I have not eaten yet. Atau, I have yet to eat.
Someone has not stolen my book yet. Atau, Someone has yet to steal my book
They havent gone yet. Atau, They have yet to go.
I have not seen the Titanic three times yet. Atau, I have yet to see the Titanic three times.
She hasnt fallen in love ten times yet. Atau, She has yet to fall in love ten times.
They havent passed the exam twice yet. Atau, They have yet to pass the exam twice.
My car hasnt broken down five times yet. Atau, My car has yet to break down five times.
Our dean hasnt punished that very rebellious student three times yet. Atau, Our dean has yet to punish that very
rebellious student three times.
Kesimpulan
Dari penjelasan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa present perfect tense pada prinsipnya digunakan untuk:
1.
2.
3.
Untuk menekankan SUDAH/ BELUM. Kamu sudah makan belum? (Have you eaten yet?)
Untuk menekankan SUDAH BERAPA KALI. Sudah berapa kali kamu makan hari ini? (How many times have you
eaten today?).
Untuk menekankan DURASI kejadian/aktivitas. Sudah berapa lama kamu belum makan? (For how long havent
you eaten yet?
15
Farmers in Jati Bali have been growing rice crops since 1970. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali telah menanam padi sejak
tahun 1970).
Some students have been conducting research on vegetative plant propagations for two months. (Beberapa siswa
telah melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif selama 2 bulan).
Transpiration has been starting to increase since three hours ago. (Transpirasi telah mulai meningkat sejak tiga jam
yang lalu).
Walaupun polanya sedikit berbeda, kalimat dalam pola present perfect continuous tense maknanya sama dengan
kalimat dalam pola Present Perfect Tense kategori yang ketiga.
Contoh:
Pada Present Perfect Tense kategori ketiga diberikan contoh kalimat sebagai berikut:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Kelima contoh kalimat di atas dapat dinyatakan dalam Present Perfect Continuous Tense, menjadi:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I have been living in this house since 2000. (Saya telah tinggal di rumah ini sejak tahun 2000).
We have been studying English for a month. (Kita telah belajar bahasa Inggris selama 1 bulan).
He has been marrying her since 1990. (Dia telah mengawininya sejak tahun 1990).
Mr. Johnson has been working in the same place for twenty-nine years. (Pak Johnson telah bekerja di tempat yang
sama selama 29 tahun).
She has been waiting for her boyfriend since an hour ago. (Dia telah menunggu pacarnya sejak sejam yang lalu).
Negative Form
16
Bentuk negatif kalimat dalam Present Perfect Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan not setelah auxilary has/have, seperti
yang terlihat dalam formula berikut,
Subject + (has/have) + not + been + (verb1+ing)+ object + modifier
Note: (has not) dapat disingkat menjadi hasnt, sedangkan (have not) dapat disingkat menjadi havent.
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I have not been living in this house for nine years. (Saya belum tinggal di rumah ini selama 9 tahun).
We have not been studying English for a month. (Kita belum belajar bahasa Inggris selama sebulan).
He has not been marrying her for nineteen years. (Dia belum mengawininya selama 19tahun).
Mr. Johnson has not been working in the same place for twenty-nine years. (Mr Johnson belum bekerja di tempat
yang sama selama 29 tahun).
She has not been waiting for her boyfriend for an hour. (Dia belum menunggu pacarnya selama satu jam).
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Present Perfect Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
(Has/have) + subject + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Have you been living in this house for nine years? (Apakah kamu telah tinggal di rumah ini selama 9 tahun?).
Have we been studying English for a month? (Apakah kita telah belajar bahasa Inggris selama 1 bulan?).
Has he been marrying her for nineteen years? (Apakah dia telah mengawininya selama 19 tahun?).
Has Mr. Johnson been working in the same place since 1980? (Apakah pak Johnson telah bekerja di tempat yang
sama sejak tahun 1980?).
Has she been waiting for her boyfriend for an hour? (Apakah dia telah menunggu pacarnya selama satu jam?).
17
b. Adverb yet digunakan pada negative form (kalimat negative) dan interogative form (kalimat tanya), yang biasanya
ditempatkan di akhir kalimat, seperti pada formula berikut ini:
Subject + (has/have) + not + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier + yet
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I have not been living in this house for nine years yet.
We have not been studying English for a month yet.
He has not been marrying her for nineteen years yet.
Mr. Johnson has not been working in the same place for twenty-nine years yet.
She has not been waiting for her boyfriend for an hour yet.
1. Farmers in Jati Bali had grown rice crops before I came to this village in 1985. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali telah
bercocok tanam padi sebelum saya datang ke desa ini tahun 1985).
2. Some students had conducted research on vegetative plant propagations before they graduated. (Beberapa siswa
3.
telah melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif sebelum mereka tamat).
Transpiration had started to increase before we measured it; therefore, we dont know exactly when it started.
(Transpirasi telah mulai meningkat sebelum kami mengukurnya, oleh karena itu, kami tidak tahu secara pasti
kapan transpirasi itu mulai).
1. John had traveled around the world before he got married last year. (John telah bertamasya ke seluruh dunia
2.
3.
4.
5.
sebelum dia kawin tahun lalu). Sebelum John kawin tahun lalu, dia telah melanglang buana ke seluruh dunia.
She had read the entire book before she wrote the exam yesterday. (Dia telah membaca buku itu secara
keseluruhan sebelum dia ujian kemarin).
I had eaten before you got up. (Saya telah makan sebelum kamu bangun).
Someone had stolen my book before I went back to the classroom. (Seseorang telah mencuri buku saya sebelum
saya kembali ke dalam kelas).
They had gone before we arrived. (Mereka telah pergi sebelum kami tiba).
2. Untuk menyatakan kekerapan (berapa kali) kejadian/aktivitas (misalnya, kejadian A) terjadi/dilakukan pada waktu
yang tidak spesifik (indefinite time) di masa lampau sebelum kejadian/aktivitas yang lain (misalnya, kejadian B) di masa
lampau.
Contoh:
18
1. I had seen the Titanic two times when my friends forced me to join them to watch it again last weekend. (Saya
2.
3.
4.
5.
telah nonton Titanic dua kali ketika teman-teman saya memaksa saya untuk menemani mereka menontonnya akhir
pekan lalu ).
She had fallen in love ten times when she finally found her true love. (Dia telah jatuh cinta 10 kali ketika dia
akhirnya menemukan cinta sejatinya).
They had failed the exam twice before they passed it last semester. (Mereka telah gagal ujian 2 kali sebelum
mereka lulus (tidak dapat E) semester lalu).
My car had broken down five times before I decided to sell it. (Mobil saya telah mogok 5 kali seminggu sebelum
saya memutuskan untuk menjualnya).
Our dean had punished that very rebellious student three times when that student realized that what he had done
was wrong. (Dekan kita telah menghukum mahasiswa yang sangat membangkang itu 3 kali ketika dia menyadari
bahwa apa yang telah dia lakukan adalah salah).
3. Untuk menyatakan bahwa kejadian/aktivitas (misalnya, kejadian A) terus berlangsung mulai dari waktu tertentu di
masa lampau sampai waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh:
1. I had lived in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now. (Saya telah tinggal di rumah itu selama
9 tahun sebelum saya pindah ke rumah yang saya tinggali sekarang).
2. We had studied English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL test. (Kita telah belajar bahasa
3.
4.
5.
Inggris hanya selama 1 bulan sebelum kita memutuskan untuk ikut test TOEFL).
He had married her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month. (Dia telah mengawininya selama 19
tahun ketika mereka akhirnya punya anak bulan lalu).
Mr. Johnson had worked for twenty-nine years before he got fired last week. (Pak Johnson telah bekerja selama
29 tahun sebelum dia dipecat minggu lalu).
She had waited for her boyfriend for an hour when he called that he couldnt go out last night. (Dia telah
menunggu pacarnya selama satu jam ketika dia nelpon bahwa dia tidak dapat pergi tadi malam).
Note: Dari ketiga penggunaan di atas, dapat kita lihat bahwa penggunaan past perfect tense mirip dengan Present perfect
tense. Yang membedakan adalah waktu yang dijadikan titik berakhirnya kejadian/aktivitas. Pada present perfect tense, titik
akhir kejadian/aktivitas adalah now, sedangkan pada past perfect tense titik akhirnya adalah past time.
Seperti terlihat pada contoh di atas, modifier of time (keterangan waktu) untuk past perfect tense adalah adverbial clause
yang diawali oleh before, after, dan when.
2.
He had bought a rose before he went to his girlfriends house. (Dia telah membeli sekuntum mawar sebelum dia
pergi ke rumah pacarnya).
Before General Sudirman died, he had fought for this country. (Sebelum Jenderal Sudirman wafat, dia telah
berjuang untuk negeri ini).
19
3.
After I had finished having supper, I went to PKM to play badminton last night. (Setelah saya selesai makan
malam, saya pergi ke PKM untuk bermain badminton tadi malam).
2.
3.
He had bought a rose when he went to his girlfriends house. (Dia telah membeli sekuntum mawar ketika dia pergi
ke rumah pacarnya).
When General Sudirman died, he had fought for this country. (Ketika Jenderal Sudirman wafat, dia telah berjuang
untuk negeri).
When I had finished having supper, I went to PKM to play badminton last night. (Ketika saya selesai makan
malam, saya pergi ke PKM untuk bermain badminton tadi malam).
4. Untuk membuat main- clause unreal conditionals tipe kedua, yaitu jika faktanya dalam past tense.
Contoh:
1. If he had not gone to the beach, he would not have met his old friends. (Jika dia tidak pergi ke pantai, dia tidak
akan bertemu dengan teman-teman lamanya).
2. If we had studied hard last night, we might have got good grades. (Jika kita telah belajar keras tadi malam, kita
3.
5. Untuk membuat kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech) jika kalimat langsungnya (direct speech) menggunakan past
tense.
Contoh:
1. He told me that he had studied hard last night. (Dia berkata ke saya bahwa dia telah belajar keras tadi malam).
2. She said that she had not seen her friend last night. (Dia berkata bahwa dia tidak melihat temannya tadi malam).
3.
My friend told me that Manchester United had lost against Barcelona. (Teman saya memberi tahu saya bahwa MU
kalah lawan Barcelona}.
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam Past Perfect Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan not setelah auxiliary had, seperti yang
terlihat dalam pola berikut:
Subject + had + not + verb3 + object + modifier
Contoh:
1. He had not bought a rose before he went to his girlfriends house. (Dia belum membeli sekuntum mawar sebelum
dia pergi ke rumah pacarnya).
2. They had not studied long enough when they decided to take a TOEFL test last week. (Mereka belum belajar
3.
cukup lama ketika mereka memutuskan untuk ikut test TOEFL minggu lalu).
She hadnt read the entire book yet when she wrote the exam. (Dia belum membaca buku itu secara keseluruhan
ketika dia ujian).
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Past Perfect Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
20
1. Had he bought a rose before he went to his girlfriends house? (Apakah dia sudah membeli sekuntum mawar
sebelum dia pergi ke rumah pacarnya?).
2. Had they studied long enough when they decided to take a TOEFL test last week? (Apakah mereka sudah belajar
cukup lama ketika mereka memutuskan untuk ikut test TOEFL minggu lalu?).
3. Had she read the entire book yet when she wrote the exam? (Apakah dia sudah membaca buku itu secara
keseluruhan ketika dia ujian?).
Note: Penggunaan already dan yet pada tensis ini sama dengan pada present perfect tense.
Modifier of time
Modifier of time (keterangan waktu) untuk past perfect tense antara lain:
before + simple past tense. Misalnya: before he went to his girlfriends house, before General Sudirman died,
before we measured it, dst.
when + simple past tense. Misalnya: when she wrote the exam, when they decided to take a TOEFL test last
week,when they finally had a baby last month, dst.
for + phrase + before+ simple past tense. Misalnya: for three hours before he came, for two years before they got
married, for six and a half years before I went home, dst.
for + phrase + when + simple past tense. Misalnya: for three hours when he came, for two years when they got
married, for six and a half years when I went home, dst.
1. Farmers in Jati Bali had been growing rice crops for more than 20 years before I came to this village in 1985.
2.
3.
(Petani-petani di Jati Bali telah bercocok tanam padi selama lebih dari 20 tahun sebelum saya datang ke desa ini
tahun 1985).
Some students had been conducting research on vegetative plant propagations for a year before they graduated.
(Beberapa siswa telah melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif selama setahun sebelum mereka
tamat).
Transpiration had been starting to increase for 2 hours when we started to measure it. (Transpirasi telah mulai
meningkat selama 2 jam ketika kami mulai mengukurnya).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I had lived in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now.
We had studied English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL.
He had married her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month.
Mr. Johnson had worked for twenty-nine years before he got fired last week.
She had waited for her boyfriend for an hour when he called that he couldnt go out last night.
21
Dalam Past Perfect Continuous Tense, kelima contoh kalimat di atas berubah menjadi:
1. I had been living in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now. (Saya telah tinggal di rumah itu
selama 9 tahun sebelum saya pindah ke rumah yang saya tinggali sekarang)
2. We had been studying English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL. (Kita telah belajar bahasa
Inggris hanya selama 1 bulan sebelum kita memutuskan untuk ikut test TOEFL).
3. He had been marrying her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month. (Dia telah mengawininya selama
4.
5.
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif Past Perfect Continuous Tense mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + had + not + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Contoh:
1. I had not been living in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now. (Saya belum tinggal di rumah
2.
3.
4.
5.
itu selama 9 tahun sebelum saya pindah ke rumah yang saya tinggali sekarang).
We had not been studying English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL. (Kita belum belajar bahasa
Inggris hanya selama 1 bulan sebelum kita memutuskan untuk ikut test TOEFL).
He had not been marrying her for nineteen years when they finally had a baby last month. (Dia belum
mengawininya selama 19 tahun ketika mereka akhirnya punya anak bulan lalu).
Mr. Johnson had not been working for twenty-nine years before he got fired last week. (Pak Johnson belum bekerja
selama 29 tahun sebelum dia dipecat minggu lalu).
She had not been waiting for her boyfriend for an hour when he called that he couldnt go out last night. (Dia
belum menunggu pacarnya selama satu jam ketika dia nelpon bahwa dia tidak dapat pergi tadi malam).
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Past Perfect Continuous Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Had + subject + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Had I been living in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now?
Had we been studying English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL?
Had he been marrying her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month?
Had Mr. Johnson been working for twenty-nine years before he got fired last week?
Had she been waiting for her boyfriend for an hour when he called that he couldnt go out last night?
Note: Penggunaan already, dan yet pada tensis ini sama dengan pada present perfect tense.
Modifier of time
Modifier of time (keterangan waktu) untuk past perfect continuous tense antara lain:
for + phrase + before+ simple past tense. Misalnya: for three hours before he came, for two years before they
got married, for six and a half years before I went home, dst.
for + phrase + when + simple past tense. Misalnya: for three hours when he came, for two years when they got
married, for six and a half years when I went home, dst.
22
In American English, auxiliary shall (i.e. sepupunya will) sudah sangat jarang digunakan.Oleh karena itu, tulisan
ini tidak membahas penggunaan shall.
Pola yang ketiga ini sama dengan Present continuous tense. Penggunaannya khusus untuk menyatakan aktivitas
yang direncanakan akan dilakukan. (Lihat penggunaan simple future tense yang kedua).
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
Farmers in Jati Bali will grow rice crops next month. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan bercocok tanam padi bulan
depan).
Some students are going to conduct research on vegetative plant propagations next semester. (Beberapa siswa akan
melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif semester depan).
Transpiration will start to increase tomorrow morning. (Transpirasi akan mulai meningkat besok pagi).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. (Menurut ramalan cuaca, besok akan hujan).
None of us have done the homework the teacher told us to do. He will be very disappointed when he finds out.
Ronny is going to come to my house at 7 oclock tonight. I think Jeny, Ronnys girlfriend, will come too.
I will probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch
The damage we do to our forest today will result in severe catastrophes sooner or later in the future.
Kelima contoh kalimat di atas juga dapat dinyatakan dengan pola yang kedua menjadi:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
According to the weather forecast, it is going to rain tomorrow. (Menurut ramalan cuaca, besok akan hujan).
None of us did the homework the teacher had told us to do. He is going to be very disappointed when he finds out.
Ronny is going to come to my house at 7 oclock tonight. I think Jeny, Ronnys girlfriend, is going to come too.
I am probably going to see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch.
The damage we do to our forest today is going to result in severe catastrophes sooner or later in the future.
23
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Kelima contoh kalimat di atas juga dapat dinyatakan dengan pola yang ketiga menjadi:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Why dont you ask John? He will happily help you do your homework.
She will voluntarily teach us how to write in English well.
Lets go to the canteen. I will treat you. (Saya akan traktir kamu).
You look thirsty. I will get a glass of water for you.
I will open the door for you.
4. Untuk membuat main clause pengandaian yang bersifat hipotesa (hypothetical conditional); Artinya, apa yang akan
terjadi pada main clause, tergantung pada apa yang terjadi pada anak kalimat (sub-clause) dari kalimat pengandaian
tersebut.
Contoh:
1. If she comes tonight, I will not go out. (Jika dia datang malam ini, saya tidak akan keluar rumah). Sebaliknya, jika
2.
3.
4.
5.
5. Untuk membuat request dan command lebih formal atau lebih sopan.
Contoh:
1. Will you take care of my plants while I am gone, please! (Tolong rawat tanaman-tanaman saya selama saya
pergi!).
2. Will you return my book tomorrow, please! I need to study it for the exam. (Tolong kembalikan buku saya besok.
Saya perlu mempelajari untuk (mempersiapkan diri) ujian).
3. Will you give me some sugar, please! (Tolong beri saya sedikit gula).
4. Will you pick up the phone, please! (Tolong angkat telponnya).
5. Will you go out with me tonight, please! (Pergilah kencan dengan saya malam ini).
Note: Simple present tense juga dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan future time, khusus untuk kejadian/aktivitas yang sudah
terjadwal. Hanya ada beberapa verbs yang bisa digunakan di sini, antara lain:
24
open
close
begin
end
start
finish
arrive
leave
come
return
Contoh:
1. I have to transfer money now but its already 2 oclock. Dont worry. You still have time. The bank closes at 4
oclock.
The ceremony starts at 11. Its about in half an hour. (Upacaranya mulai jam 11. Kurang lebih setengah jam lagi).
1. singgle word : tomorrow (besok), soon (segera), tonight (sebentar malam). Note: Tonight bermakna future time
2.
3.
jika pada saat mengekspresikan suatu kejadian/aktivitas belum malam (i.e. baru jam 5 sore, 2 sore, atau masih 10
pagi ect). Tetapi jika misalnya pada jam 8 malam anda sedang berduaan dengan pacar, tonight berarti malam ini
(i.e. bermakna now). I am with my boy-/girlfriend tonight. I am so happy. Tonight is one of my greatest nights in
my whole life.
phrase : next week (minggu depan), next month (bulan depan), next year (tahun depan), etc.
clause : when she arrives, if the rain falls tomorrow, etc. Remember: clause (i.e. adverbial clause) untuk simple
future tense selalu dalam present tense. Jangan dinyatakan dalam future tense. INCORRECT jika when she will
arrive; if the rain will fall tomorrow.
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif Simple Future Tense adalah dengan menambahkan not setelah will atau setelah be. Perhatikan pola berikut:
Subject + will + not + verb1+ object + modifier
Subject + [(is/am/are/) + not + going to] + verb1+ object + modifier
Subject + (is/am/are/) + not + (verb1+ing )+ object + modifier
Contoh:
1. Farmers in Jati Bali will not grow rice crops next month (Petani-petani di Jati Bali tidak akan bercocok tanam padi
bulan depan).
2. Some students are not going to conduct research on vegetative plant propagations next semester (Beberapa siswa
tidak akan melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif semester depan).
3. Transpiration will not start to increase tonight. (Transpirasi tidak akan mulai meningkat malam ini).
4. According to the weather forecast, it will not rain tomorrow.
5. He will not be very happy when he finds out.
6. I think Jeny, Ronnys girlfriend, will not come.
7. I will not probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch
8. Ronny is not going to come to my house at 7 oclock tonight
9. He is not going to meet his business partner at noon.
10. I am not going to go to the shopping mall.
11. He is not going to leave for Bali tomorrow morning. etc.
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Simple Future Tense adalah dengan menempatkan will atau be di awal kalimat (sebelum subject):
Will + subject + verb1+ object + modifier?
25
1. Will farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops next month? (Apakah petani-petani di Jati Bali akan bercocok tanam padi
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
bulan depan?).
Are some students going to conduct research on vegetative plant propagations next semester? (Apakah beberapa
siswa akan melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif semester depan?).
Will transpiration start to increase tomorrow morning? (Apakah transpirasi akan mulai meningkat besok pagi?).
According to the weather forecast, will it rain tomorrow?
Will he be very happy when he finds out?
Will Jeny, Ronnys girlfriend, come too?
Will I probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch?
Is Ronny going to come to my house at 7 oclock tonight?
Is he going to meet his business partner at noon?
Are you going to go to the shopping mall?
Is he going to leave for Bali tomorrow morning? etc.
Note: Bentuk negatif dan interogatif dari future time yang menggunakan pola present continous tense dan simple present
tense mengikuti ketentuan-ketentuan yang telah dibahas pada present continous tense dan simple present tense.
1. Farmers in Jati Bali will be growing rice crops at 9 a.m. tomorrow. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan sedang
menanam padi jam 9 pagi besok).
2. Some students are going to be conducting research on vegetative plant propagations when I go to the agronomy
3.
laboratory next week. (Beberapa siswa akan sedang melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif
ketika saya pergi ke lab. agronmy dua hari depan).
Transpiration will be starting to increase at 8 a.m. tomorrow. (Transpirasi akan sedang mulai meningkat jam 8
besok pagi).
26
TV, 9-11 bejalar lagi. Karena sudah tahu persis rutinitas putri saya tersebut, saya berani bilang bahwa pada jam 8.30 nanti,
dia sedang nonton TV. Logika yang sama juga berlaku pada contoh kalimat 2 8.
Contoh:
1. My daughter will be watching TV at eight thirty tonight. (Putri saya akan sedang nonton TV jam 8.30 malam ini).
2. She will be copying the materials at 10 oclock this morning. (Dia akan sedang memfotokopi materi jam 10 pagi
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
2. Untuk menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang sedang terjadi/berlangsung di masa depan, yang terinterupsi oleh kejadian
yang lain. Dalam hal ini, formulanya adalah sebagai berikut:
When + subject1 + simple present tense, subject2 + future continuous
Subject1 + future continuous + when + subject2 + simple present tense
Note: Kejadian/aktivitas yang menginterupsi dinyatakan dalam simple present tense dan berfungsi sebagai keterangan
waktu; Sisipkan tanda koma, jika letaknya mendahului future continuous. Koma tidak diperlukan jika ditempatkan setelah
future continuous.
Contoh:
1. When I arrive home, my daughter will be watching TV. (Ketika saya tiba di rumah, putri saya akan sedang nonton
TV). My daughter punya habit nonton TV.
2. When I call him tonight, he will be playing card with his friends. (Ketika saya telpon dia malam ini, dia sedang
3.
4.
5.
main kartu dengan teman-temannya). He punya habit main kartu sama teman-temannya tiap malam.
I will be waiting for you outside the class when you finish your exam. (Saya akan sedang menunggu di luar kelas
ketika kamu selesai ujian).
He will still be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see his mother when she arrives home. (Dia akan
masih sedang belajar di perpustakaan malam ini, jadi dia tidak akan melihat ibunya ketika ibunya tiba di rumah).
When I go to her house on Saturday night, she will be being with her boyfriend. (Jika saya pergi ke rumahnya
malam minggu ini, dia akan sedang bersama dengan pacarnya).
1. While I am typing another note tonight, my family will be watching TV in the family room. (Sementara saya sedang
mengetik catatan yang lain malam ini, keluarga saya akan sedang nonton TV di ruang keluarga).
2. While the president is giving his speech, the audience will be listening to him carefully. (Sementara presiden
sedang berpidato, pemirsa/hadirin akan sedang mendengarkannya dengan seksama).
27
3. Male students will be playing around while the female ones are chitchatting. (Murid laki-laki akan sedang
4.
5.
6.
bermain-main sementara murid-murid wanita sedang ngobrol). Kapan mereka belajar ya?
My roommate will be snoring loudly while I am studying. (Teman sekamar saya sedang mendengkur keras
sementara saya sedang belajar).
We will be smoking while others are drinking. (Kami akan sedang merokok sementara yang lain akan sedang
minum).
John will be washing dishes while Jane is making dinner. (John akan sedang mencuci piring sementara Jane
sedang masak untuk makan malam).
REMEMBER: Hindari menggunakan keterangan waktu While + future continous tense. Tetapi, kalau keterangan
waktunya tidak menggunakan while, barulah tiap clause dari kejadian yang sedang berlangsung secara bersamaan ini
dinyatakan dengan future continuous tense.
1. Sorry, we cant practice our band in my house tonight. My dad will be having his colleagues over and my brother
2.
will be studying for his final exam. (Maaf, kita tidak bisa latihan band di rumah saya malam ini. Bapak saya akan
sedang menjamu kolega-koleganya di rumah dan kakak saya akan sedang belajar untuk ujian akhirnya.
The party will start at 8 pm. Ill get there around 9. When I get there, Budi and his band will be performing. Some
people will be dancing, some will be drinking and smoking, and the others will be just talking. (Pestanya akan
dimulai jam 8 malam. Saya akan tiba di sana sekitar jam 9. Ketika saya tiba di sana, Budi dan bandnya akan sedang
perform. Bebeerapa orang akan sedang berdansa, beberapa akan sedang minum dan merokok, dan yang lainnya
akan sedang ngobrol saja).
4. Untuk menyatakan suatu hal atau kejadian yang diyakini/benar-benar akan segera terjadi.
Contoh:
1. I think the sun will be shining soon. (Saya kira matahari akan segera sedang bersinar).
2. Oh no! The clouds are very dark and thick. It will be raining soon. (Oh tidak! Awan sangat gelap dan tebal. Akan
segera sedang turun hujan).
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam Future Continuous Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan not setelah auxilliary will, atau
setelah is/am/are, seperti yang terlihat dalam formula berikut:
Subject + will + not + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Subject + [(is/am/are/) + not + going to] + be +(verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Note: Will not dapat dikontraksi menjadi wont.
Contoh:
1. My daughter will not be watching TV at eight thirty tonight. (Putri saya tidak akan sedang nonton TV jam 8.30
malam ini).
2. She will not be copying the materials at 10 oclock this morning. (Dia tidak akan sedang memfotokopi materi jam
10 pagi ini).
3. I will not be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. next Friday. (Saya tidak akan sedang mendiskusikan
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman kelas saya jam 2 sore Jumat depan).
I will not be being busy at 8 oclock tomorrow morning. (Saya tidak akan sedang sibuk jam 8 pagi besok).
They will not be being very happy at 9 oclock next Saturday night. (Mereka tidak akan sedang sangat bahagia jam
9 malam minggu depan). Mereka baru saja bubaran.
This time next year, she wont be studying Economics at the University of Toronto. (Bulan ini tahun depan, dia
tidak akan sedang belajar/kuliah Ekonomi di Universitas Toronto).
They wont be taking an English exam at 10 a.m. tomorrow. (Mereka tidak akan sedang mengikuti ujian bahasa
Inggris jam 10 besok pagi).
We wont be watching a football game at 11 p.m. tonight. (Kami tidak akan sedang nonton pertandingan sepak
bola jam 11 malam ini). Dan seterusnya.
28
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Future Continuous Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Will + subject + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?
(Is/Am/Are/) + subject + [going to] + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?
Contoh:
1. Will your daughter be watching TV at eight thirty tonight? (Apakah putri anda akan sedang nonton TV jam 8.30
malam ini?).
2. Will she be copying the materials at 10 oclock this morning? (Apakah dia akan sedang memfotokopi materi jam
10 pagi ini?).
3. Will you be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. next Friday? (Apakah saya akan sedang
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman kelas saya jam 2 sore Jumat depan?).
Will I be being busy at 8 oclock tomorrow morning? Yes, I will. (Apakah saya akan sedang sibuk jam 8 pagi
besok?).
Will they be being very happy at 9 oclock next Saturday night? (Apakah mereka akan sedang sangat bahagia jam
9 malam minggu depan?).
Will she be studying Economics at the University of Toronto this time next year? (Apakah dia akan sedang
belajar/kuliah Ekonomi di Universitas Toronto pada bulan ini tahun depan?).
Will they be taking an English exam at 10 a.m. tomorrow? (Apakah mereka akan sedang mengikuti ujian bahasa
Inggris jam 10 besok pagi?).
Will we be watching a football game at 11 p.m. tonight? (Apakah kami akan sedang nonton pertandingan sepak
bola jam 11 malam ini?). Dan seterusnya.
Note: Pola yang kedua dari future continuous tense hampir tidak diberikan contoh di sini. Silakan anda latihan dengan
mengganti semua will dengan (is/am/are) going to.
Contoh:
1. Farmers in Jati Bali will have grown rice crops by the end of next month. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan telah
bercocok tanam padi sebelum akhir bulan depan).
2. Some students will have conducted research on vegetative plant propagations for one year when the next
3.
semester starts next month. (Beberapa siswa akan telah melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman
vegetatif selama 1 tahun ketika semester berikutnya dimulai bulan depan).
Transpiration will have started to increase before we measure it at 9 a.m. tomorrow. (Transpirasi akan telah
mulai meningkat sebelum kita mengukurnya jam 9 pagi besok).
29
1. By 3 oclock this afternoon, I will have finished reading this book. (Sebelum jam 3 sore ini, saya akan sudah
selesai membaca buku ini).
2. I think Barcelona will have scored three goals when the first half is over. (Saya kira Barcelona akan telah cetak 3
goal ketika babak pertama berakhir).
3. This traffic is terrible. Were going to be late. By the time we get to the air port, dads plane will have already
4.
5.
arrived.
My dad is in the USA now but he will have been home when my mom gives birth next month. (Papa di USA
sekarang tetapi dia akan sudah berada di rumah sebelum mama melahirkan bulan depan).
Joni will arrive home around midnight. By the time he gets home, I will have already fallen asleep.
2. Untuk menyatakan prediksi bahwa kegiatan/aktivitas akan sudah terjadi/ sudah selesai dilakukan sebelum
kejadian/aktivitas yang lain di masa mendatang. Note: Dalam kategori ini, kedua aktivitas dilakukan oleh subject yang
sama.
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
John will have traveled around the world before he gets married next year.
She will have read the entire book before she goes to campus this afternoon.
I will have eaten before I go to play badminton tonight.
He will have bought a gift before he goes to his girlfriends birthday party tonight.
He had already got married 5 times before he got married again last week. And, he is still 25 years old. If he keeps
getting married, he will have had more than 50 wives before he dies.
3. Untuk menyatakan bahwa kejadian/aktivitas akan terus terjadi/dilakukan sampai batas waktu tertentu di masa
mendatang.
1. I arrived at school at 7 a.m. When my dad picks me up at 1 p.m., I will have been at school for 6 hours. (Pada saat
2.
3.
4.
5.
papa menjemput satu jam 1 sore, saya akan sudah berada di sekolah selama 6 jam).
Its May 20 now. I have lived in this house for nine years or so. On August 17, I will have lived in this house for
10 years sharp. (Saya sudah tinggal di rumah ini selama 9 tahun lebih. Tanggal 17 Agustus, saya akan sudah
tinggal di rumah ini tepat selama 10 tahun)
Its 9 p.m. I am going to bed now and get up at 5 a.m. When I get up, I will have slept for 8 hours.
When Mr. Dodi retires next month, he will have worked for this company for forty-five years. (Pada saat Pak
Dodi pensiun bulan depan, dia akan sudah bekerja pada perusahaan ini selama 45 tahun).
Its 7 p.m now. She has been waiting for her boyfriend since an hour ago. He just called her that he will arrive at 8
p.m. When he arrives, she will have waited for 2 hours.
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif kalimat Future Perfect Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan not setelah auxilary will, seperti terlihat pada
pola berikut:
30
1. Because the book is very thick, I will not have finished reading this book by 3 oclock this afternoon. (Karena
bukunya sangat tebal, saya akan belum selesai membaca buku ini sebelum jam 3 sore ini).
2. I think Barcelona will not have scored three goals when the first haft is over. Its opponent is a good team too.
(Saya kira Barcelona akan belum cetak 3 goal ketika babak pertama berakhir. Lawannya tangguh juga).
3. We still have a lot of time. By the time we get to the air port, dads plane will not have arrived yet. (Kita masih
punya banyak waktu. Ketika kita tiba di airport, pesawat (yang ditumpangi) papa akan belum tiba).
4. Due to an immigration documentation problem, my dad will not have been home when my mom gives birth next
month. (Karena ada masalah dokumen keimigrasian, papa saya akan belum di rumah ketika mama melahirkan).
5. When Joni arrives home around midnight, I will not have fallen asleep yet.
6. John will not have traveled around the world yet when he gets married next year. Soalnya, dia belum sempat
kunjungi South Africaand south America.
7. Because its not enough time, she will not have read the entire book yet before she goes to campus this afternoon.
8. I will not have eaten yet when I go to play badminton tonight.
9. He will not have bought a gift when he goes to his girlfriends birthday party tonight.
10. Although he has already got married 6 times and still young, he will not have had more than 50 wives yet before
he dies.
11. When my dad picks me up at 1 p.m., I will not have been at school for 10 hours yet.
12. I have lived in this house for nine years or so. In the next July, I will not have lived in this house for 10 years yet.
(Belum cukup 10 tahun Juli depan.
13. Its 9 p.m. I am going to bed now and get up at 5 a.m. When I get up, I will not have slept for 10 hours yet.
14. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, he will not have worked for this company for fifty years yet.
15. Its 7 p.m. now. She has been waiting for her boyfriend since an hour ago. He just called her that he will arrive at
8 p.m. When he arrives, she will not have waited for 3 hours yet.
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Future Perfect Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Will you have finished reading this book by 3 oclock this afternoon? (Apakah kamu akan sudah selesai baca
buku ini sebelum jam 3 sore ini?).
2. Will Barcelona have scored three goals when the first haft is over?
3. Will dads plane have arrived yet by the time we get to the air port?
4. Due to an immigration documentation problem, will your dad have been home when your mom gives birth next
month?
When Joni arrives home around midnight, will you have fallen asleep yet?
6. Will John have traveled around the world yet when he gets married next year?
7. Because its not enough time, will she have read the entire book yet before she goes to campus this afternoon?
8. Will you have eaten yet before you go to play badminton tonight?
9. Will he have bought a gift before he goes to his girlfriends birthday party tonight?
10. Will he have had more than 50 wives before he dies?
11. When your dad picks you up at 1 p.m., will you have been at school for 10 hours?
12. Will you have lived in this house for 10 years yet next July?
13. When I get up, will I have slept for 10 hours yet?
14. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, will he have worked for this company for fifty years yet?
15. Will she have waited for 3 hours yet when he arrives?
5.
31
1. Farmers in Jati Bali will have been growing rice crops for 40 years by the end of this year. (Petani-petani di Jati
Bali akan telah bercocok tanam padi selama 40 tahun sebelum tahun ini berakhir).
2. Some students will have been conducting research on vegetative plant propagations for one year when the next
3.
semester starts next month. (Beberapa siswa akan telah melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif
selama 1 tahun ketika semester berikutnya dimulai bulan depan).
Transpiration will have been starting to increase for more than an hour when we measure it at 9 a.m. tomorrow.
(Transpirasi akan telah mulai meningkat selama lebih dari 1 jam ketika kita mengukurnya jam 9 pagi besok).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I arrived at school at 7 a.m. When my dad picks me up at 1 p.m., I will have been at school for 6 hours.
I have lived in this house for nine years or so. On August 17, I will have lived in this house for 10 years sharp.
Its 9 p.m. I am going to bed now and get up at 5 a.m. When I get up, I will have slept for 8 hours.
When Mr. Dodi retires next month, he will have worked for this company forty-five years.
Its 7 p.m. now. She has been waiting for her boyfriend since an hour ago. He just called her that he will arrive at 8
p.m. When he arrives, she will have waited for 2 hours.
1. I arrived at school at 7 a.m. When my dad picks me up at 1 p.m., I will have been being at school for 6 hours.
2. I have lived in this house for nine years or so. On August 17, I will have been living in this house for 10 years
sharp.
3. Its 9 p.m. I am going to bed now and get up at 5 a.m. When I get up, I will have been sleeping for 8 hours.
4. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, he will have been working for this company forty-five years.
5.
Its 7 p.m. now. She has been waiting for her boyfriend since an hour ago. He just called her that he will arrive at 8
p.m. When he arrives, she will have been waiting for 2 hours.
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif kalimat Future Perfect Continuous Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan not setelah auxilary will, seperti
terlihat pada pola berikut,
Subject + will + not + have + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Contoh:
1. When my dad picks me up at 1 p.m., I will not have been being at school for 10 hours yet.
2. I have lived in this house for nine years or so. In the next July, I will not have been living in this house for 10
years yet. (belum cukup 10 tahun Juli depan)
3. Its 9 p.m. I am going to bed now and get up at 5 a.m. When I get up, I will not have been sleeping for 10 hours
yet.
32
4. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, he will not have been working for this company for fifty years yet.
5.
Its 7 p.m. now. She has been waiting for her boyfriend since an hour ago. He just called her that he will arrive at 8
p.m. When he arrives, she will not have been waiting for 3 hours yet.
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Future Perfect Continuous Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Will + subject + have + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
When your dad picks you up at 1 p.m., will you have been being at school for 10 hours?
Will you have been living in this house for 10 years yet next July?
When I get up, will I have been sleeping for 10 hours yet?
When Mr. Dodi retires next month, will he have been working for this company for fifty years yet?
Will she have been waiting for 3 hours yet when he arrives?
Note:
Walaupun polanya berbeda, makna kalimat sama dengan future perfect tense kategori yang ketiga.
Jika modifier of time berupa clause, time clause ini dinyatakan dalam simple present tense.
Farmers in Jati Bali would grow rice crops last month. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan bercocok tanam padi bulan
lalu).
Some students would conduct research on vegetative plant propagations last semester. (Beberapa siswa akan
melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif semester lalu).
Transpiration would start to increase at 8 a.m. this morning. (Transpirasi akan mulai meningkat jam 8 tadi pagi).
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. (Menurut ramalam cuaca, hujan akan turun besok).
None of us have done the homework the teacher told us to do. He will be very disappointed when he finds out.
Ronny is going to come to my house at 7 oclock tonight. I think Jeny, Ronnys girlfriend, will come too.
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4.
5.
Perhatikan contoh 1 di atas dan anggap saja sekarang adalah tanggal 2 Mei!
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. (Menurut ramalam cuaca, hujan akan turun besok).
Kemudian, karena waktu terus bergulir, anggap sekarang sudah tanggal 4 Mei. Berarti, yang diprediksi tadi (i.e. hujan akan
turun) sudah dalam past time, yaitu kemarin. Jadi prediksi tadi harus dinyatakan dalam past future tense menjadi:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
According to the weather forecast, it would rain yesterday. Atau, According to the weather forecast, it was going to
rain yesterday. Dan begitu juga dengan kalimat-kalimat 2-5 di atas seiring dengan bergulirnya waktu berturut-turut
akan menjadi:
We thought that he would be very disappointed when we didnt do the homework two days ago. Atau, We thought
that he was going to be very disappointed when we didnt do the homework two days ago.
Ronny came to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago. I thought Jeny, Ronnys girlfriend, would come too but she
didnt. Atau, I thought Jeny, Ronnys girlfriend, was going to come too but she didnt.
I would probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch. Atau, I was probably going to see Janet at the cafeteria at
lunch.
The damage we do to our forest today will result in severe catastrophes sooner or later in the future.
Note: Jika yang diprediksi pada saat pengungkapan kembali masih in future time, (dalam analogi di atas, masih belum
tanggal 4 Mei), tetap gunakan simple future tense. (Lihat contoh 5 di atas dan contoh 4 di bawah).
2. Untuk menyatakan kembali kejadian/aktivitas yang direncanakan akan terjadi/dilakukan pada saat tertentu di masa
lampau.
Dengan menggunakan analogi pada kategori 1, kalimat dalam simple future tense berikut:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
seiring dengan berulirnya waktu akan dinyatakan dalam past future tense menjadi:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ronny was going to come to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago but he couldnt come because of the pouring rain.
Atau, Ronny would come to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago but he couldnt come because of the pouring rain.
He was going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago but he suddenly got sick just half an hour before
the meeting. Atau, He would meet his business partner at noon two days ago but he suddenly got sick just half an
hour before the meeting.
I was going to go to the shopping mall when I asked whether you wanted to go with me two days ago. Atau, I
would go to the shopping mall when I asked whether you wanted to go with me two days ago.
The next world cup championship is going to be held in South Africa in 2010. Kalimat ini tidak berubah karena
aktivitas dari yang direncanakan masih akan dilakukan tahun depan.
He was going to leave for Bali yesterday morning but the flight was cancelled. Atau, He would leave for Bali
yesterday morning but the flight was cancelled.
Note: a). Dalam past future tense, pola yang pertama juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan rencana. b). Jika yang
direncanakan itu terjadi/dilakukan, maknanya sudah berubah menjadi kejadian/aktivitas yang terjadi in the past (past tense)
atau sedang berlangsung in the past (past continuous tense), tergantung keterangan waktunya.
1.
2.
3.
Ronny was being at my house at 7 p.m. two days ago. (Ronny sedang di rumah saya jam 7 malam 2 hari lalu).
He was meeting his business partner at noon two days ago. (Dia sedang meeting dengan rekan bisnisnya jam 12
siang dua hari lalu).
I went to the shopping mall two days ago. (Saya pergi ke shopping mall 2 hari lalu).
34
4.
He left for Bali yesterday morning. (Dia berangkat ke Bali kemarin pagi).
3. Untuk membuat main clause unreal conditionals tipe 1, yaitu conditional yang faktanya dalam simple present tense atau
simple future tense.
1.
2.
3.
If I were you, I would study harder. (Jika saya adalah kamu, saya akan belajar lebih giat).
The crops would not fail to produce if the rain fell. (Tanaman-tanaman tidak akan gagal berproduksi jika hujan
turun).
They would not need to lime the soil if it were not acidic. (Mereka tidak akan perlu mengapur tanah jika tanah
tersebut tidak masam).
4. Untuk membuat kalimat tak langsung (indirect speech), jika kalimat langsungnya menggunakan simple future tense.
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
My boyfriend told me that he would marry me. (Pacar saya berkata kepada saya bahwa dia akan mengawini saya).
An agronomist said that the soil would be more productive if we fertilized it. (Seorang ahli agronomi bilang bahwa
tanah akan lebih produktif jika kita memupuknya).
Dean made an announcement that the final exams would be started in two weeks. (Dekan mengumumkan bahwa
ujian-ujian akhir akan dimulai dua minggu mendatang).
5. Untuk membuat request atau command menjadi lebih formal atau lebih sopan. Note: would lebih formal/sopan
dibandingkan will.
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
Would you turn down the TV volume, please! Its too loud. (Tolong kecilkan volume TV. Volumenya terlalu
keras).
I didnt go to school yesterday, so would you please lend me your note? (Saya tidak sekolah kemarin. Tolong
pinjami saya catatan kamu?).
If youre free, would you go to see a movie with me tonight? (Jika kamu tidak sibuk, maukah kamu nonton film
dengan saya malam ini?).
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif Past Future Tense adalah dengan menambahkan not seelah would atau setelah be (was/were) seperti terlihat
pada pola berikut:
Subject + would + not + verb1+ object + modifier
Subject + [(was/were) + not + going to] + verb1+ object + modifier
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Past Future Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Would + subject + verb1+ object + modifier?
(Was/Were) + subject + going to + verb1+ object + modifier?
35
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
According to the weather forecast, would it rain yesterday? atau According to the weather forecast, was it going to
rain yesterday?.
Would Jeny, Ronnys girlfriend, come too?
Would you probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch two days ago?
Was Ronny not going to come to your house at 7 p.m. two days ago?
Was he going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago?
Were you going to go to the shopping when you asked whether I wanted to go with you two days ago?
Was he going to leave for Bali yesterday morning?
1. Farmers in Jati Bali would be growing rice crops at 9 a.m. yesterday. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan sedang
2.
3.
1. My daughter would be watching TV at eight oclock last night. (Putri saya akan sedang nonton TV jam 8 tadi
2.
3.
4.
malam).
She would be copying the materials at 10 oclock this morning. (Dia akan sedang memfotokopi materi jam 10 pagi
ini). Asumsi, sekarang sudah lewat jam 10 pagi.
I would be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. last Friday. (Saya akan sedang mendiskusikan bahasa
Inggris dengan teman-teman kelas saya jam 2 sore Jumat lalu).
I would be being busy at 8 oclock yesterday morning. (Saya akan sedang sibuk jam 8 pagi kemarin).
36
5. They would be being very happy at 9 oclock last Saturday night. (Mereka akan sedang sangat bahagia jam 9
6.
7.
8.
2. Untuk menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang yang direncanakan akan sedang terjadi/berlangsung di masa lampau, yang
terinterupsi oleh kejadian yang lain. Dalam hal ini, formulanya adalah sebagai berikut:
When + subject1 + simple past, subject2 + past future continuous
Subject1 + past future continuous + when + subject 2 + simple past
Note: Kejadian/aktivitas yang menginterupsi dinyatakan dalam simple past tense dan berfungsi sebagai keterangan waktu;
Sisipkan tanda koma, jika letaknya sebelum past future continuous. Namun, koma tidak diperlukan jika ditempatkan setelah
past future continuous.
Contoh:
1. When I arrived home last night, my daughter would be watching TV. (Ketika saya tiba di rumah tadi malam, putri
2.
3.
4.
5.
3. Untuk menyatakan dua kejadian/aktivitas yang diprediksi atau direncanakan akan sedang terjadi/dilakukan pada saat
bersamaan di masa lampau. Dalam hal ini, gunakan formula berikut:
While + subject1 + past future continuous, subject2 + past future continuous
Subject1 + future continuous + while + subject 2 + future continuous
Contoh:
1. While I would be typing another note last night, my family would be watching TV in the family room.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
(Sementara saya sedang mengetik catatan yang lain tadi malam, keluarga saya akan sedang nonton TV di ruang
keluarga).
While the president would be giving his speech last Monday, the audience would be listening to him carefully.
(Sementara presiden sedang berpidato Senin lalu, pemirsa/hadirin akan sedang mendengarkannya dengan
seksama).
Male students would be playing around while the female ones would be chitchatting.
My roommate would be snoring loudly while I would be studying. (Teman sekamar saya sedang mendengkur
keras sementara saya sedang belajar).
We would be smoking while others would be drinking. (Kami akan sedang merokok sementara yang lain akan
sedang minum).
John would be washing dishes while Jane would be making dinner. (John akan sedang mencuci piring sedangkan
Jane akan sedang masak untuk makan malam).
My dad would be having his colleagues over while my brother would be studying for his final exam last Sunday.
Bapak saya akan sedang menjamu kolega-koleganya di rumah sementara kakak saya akan sedang belajar untuk
ujian akhirnya.
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4. Untuk menyatakan kembali suatu hal atau kejadian/aktivitas yang diyakini/benar-benar akan segera terjadi di masa
lampau.
Contoh:
1. I thought the sun would be shining soon. (Saya kira matahari akan segera sedang bersinar).
2.
Because the clouds were very dark and thick yesterday, we believed it would be raining soon. (Karena awannya
sangat gelap dan tebal, kita yakin huja akan segera turun).
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam past future continuous tense dibuat dengan menambahkan not setelah auxilliary would,
atau setelah be was/were, seperti yang terlihat dalam pola berikut:
Subject + would + not + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Subject + [(was/were) + not + going to] + be +(verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Note: Would not dapat dikontraksi menjadi wouldnt.
Contoh:
1. My daughter would not be watching TV at eight oclock last night. (Putri saya tidak akan sedang nonton TV jam
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
8 tadi malam).
She would not be copying the materials at 10 oclock this morning. (Dia tidak akan sedang memfotokopi materi
jam 10 pagi ini). Asumsi, sekarang sudah lewat jam 10 pagi.
I would not be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. last Friday. (Saya tidak akan sedang
mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman kelas saya jam 2 sore Jumat lalu).
I would not be being busy at 8 oclock yesterday morning. (Saya tidak akan sedang sibuk jam 8 pagi kemarin).
They would not be being very happy at 9 oclock last Saturday night. (Mereka tidak akan sedang sangat bahagia
jam 9 malam minggu lalu). Mereka baru saja bubaran sehari sebelumnya.
This time last year, she wouldnt be studying Economics at the University of Toronto. (Bulan ini tahun lalu, dia
tidak akan sedang belajar/kuliah Ekonomi di Universitas Toronto).
They wouldnt be taking an English exam at 10 a.m. yesterday. (Mereka tidak akan sedang mengikuti ujian
bahasa Inggris jam 10 pagi kemarin).
We wouldnt be watching a football game at 11 p.m. last night (Kami tidak akan sedang nonton pertandingan
sepak bola jam 11 tadi malam). Dan seterusnya.
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Future Continuous Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Would + subject + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?
(Was/Were) + subject + [going to] + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?
Contoh:
1. Would your daughter be watching TV at eight oclock last night? (Apakah putri anda akan sedang nonton TV jam
2.
3.
4.
5.
8 tadi malam?).
Would she be copying the materials at 10 oclock this morning? (Apakah dia akan sedang memfotokopi materi
jam 10 pagi ini?). Asumsi, sekarang sudah lewat jam 10 pagi.
Would you be discussing English with your classmates at 2 p.m. last Friday? (Apakah kamu akan sedang
mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman kelasmu jam 2 sore Jumat lalu?).
Would I be being busy at 8 oclock yesterday morning? Yes, I would. (Apakah saya akan sedang sibuk jam 8 pagi
kemarin?).
Would they be being very happy at 9 oclock last Saturday night? (Apakah mereka akan sedang sangat bahagia
jam 9 malam minggu lalu?).
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6. Would she be studying Economics at the University of Toronto this time last year? (Apakah dia akan sedang
7.
8.
Note: Pola yang kedua dari future continuous tense hampir tidak diberikan contoh di sini. Silakan kamu latihan dengan
mengganti semua would dengan (was/were) going to.
Contoh:
Sekarang timbul pertanyaan, kenapa tidak dinyatakan dalam past continuous tense saja, karena kejadian/aktivitas dalam
kalimat di atas sama-sama mengandung makna sedang terjadi atau sedang dilakukan in the past? Silakan leave a
comment!
1. Farmers in Jati Bali would have grown rice crops by the end of last month. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan telah
bercocok tanam padi sebelum akhir bulan lalu).
2. Some students would have conducted research on vegetative plant propagations for one year when the semester
3.
started last month. (Beberapa siswa akan telah melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif selama 1
tahun ketika semester berikutnya dimulai bulan lalu).
Transpiration would have started to increase before we measured it at 9 a.m. yesterday. (Transpirasi akan telah
mulai meningkat sebelum kita mengukurnya jam 9 pagi kemarin).
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Note: Pada umumnya, tensis ini diawali oleh clause yang mengandung makna prediksi, ekspektasi atau rencana. Verbs yang
digunakan antara lain: think, hope, expect, plan, intend, assume, etc.
Contoh:
1. I predicted that by 3 p.m. yesterday, I would have finished reading this book. (Saya berharap bahwa sebelum jam
3 sore kemarin, saya akan sudah selesai membaca buku ini).
2. I thought Barcelona would have scored three goals when the first half was over. Because its opponent was tough,
3.
4.
5.
however, it didnt score even a single goal. (Saya kira Barcelona akan telah cetak 3 goal ketika babak pertama
berakhir. Namun karena lawannya tangguh, Barcelona bahkan tidak cetak goal sama sekali).
Because of the terrible traffic we knew that dads plane would have already arrived by the time we got to the
airport yesterday.
My dad planned that he would have been home when my mom gave birth last month. He didnt make it though
because he had an immigration documentation problem.
I thought I would have already fallen asleep by the time Joni got home last night. I dont know why I was still
awake when he did.
Note: Jika pada future perfect tense, time clause dinyatakan dalam simple present tense, pada tensis ini dinyatakan dengan
simple past tense. Misalnya: when the first half was over (pada contoh 2), by the time we got to the airport (pada contoh 3),
etc.
2. Untuk menyatakan kembali kegiatan/aktivitas yang pernah diprediksi atau direncanakan akan sudah terjadi/sudah selesai
dilakukan sebelum kejadian/aktivitas yang lain di masa lampau. Note: Dalam kategori ini, kedua aktivitas dilakukan oleh
subject yang sama. Coba bandingkan dengan past perfect tense kategori kedua!
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I assumed that John would have traveled around the world before he got married last year.
She thought that she would have read the entire book before she went to campus yesterday afternoon.
I predicted that I would already have had enough time to eat before I played badminton last night.
They thought he would have already bought a gift before he went to his girlfriends birthday party last night.
I once predicted that he would have had more than 50 wives before he died. I was wrong. He turned out to be a
very loving husband long time before he died last week.
1. I thought I would have been at school only for 6 hours yesterday. In fact, I had to wait for another hour because
2.
3.
4.
5.
4. Untuk membuat main clause unreal conditionals tipe 2, yaitu jika faktanya dalam past future tense atau simple past tense.
Contoh:
1. If you had told me about the todays exam, I would have studied hard last night. (Jika kamu kasi tahu saya bahwa
akan ada ujian hari ini, saya akan telah belajar keras tadi malam).
2. If you had not passed the English I, you would not have been allowed to take the English II. (Jika kamu belum
lulus bahasa Inggris I, kamu tidak akan diijinkan untuk mengambil matakulian bahasa Inggris II ini).
40
3. He wouldnt have got an accident, if he had not driven fast. (Dia tidak akan telah mengalami kecelakaan, jika dia
4.
5.
tidak ngebut).
If my parents hadnt got divorced, I wouldve been much happier. (Jika orang tua saya tidak bercerai, saya akan
jauh lebih bahagia).
If I hadnt got a scholarship, I wouldnt have been able to afford the school expenses. (Jika saya tidak dapat
beasiswa, saya tidak akan mampu membayar biaya-biaya sekolah).
Negative Form
Bentuk negatif Past Future Perfect Tense mengikuti pola berikut:
Subject + would + not + have + verb3 + object + modifier
Contoh:
1. Because of its thickness, I knew that I would not have finished reading it by 3 p.m. yesterday.
2. I never thought that Barcelona wouldnt have scored even a single goal when the first half was over.
3. We expected that dads plane wouldnt have arrived yet by the time we got to the air port yesterday. But we were
late because the traffic was so terrible.
4. Because of an immigration documentation problem, my dad knew that he wouldnt have been home when my
mom gave birth last month.
5. I hoped that when Joni arrived home last night, I would not have fallen asleep yet.
6. I assumed that John wouldnt have traveled around the world before he got married last year.
7. She thought that she wouldnt have read the entire book before she went to campus yesterday afternoon.
8. I predicted that I wouldnt have had enough time to eat before I played badminton last night.
9. They thought he wouldnt have bought a gift before he went to his girlfriends birthday party last night.
10. I once predicted that he wouldnt have had more than 50 wives before he died.
11. I thought I wouldnt have been at school for 7 hours yesterday.
12. I was completely sure that on August 17, I wouldnt have lived in this house for 10 years yet.
13. I expected that I wouldnt have slept for 4 hours last night.
14. It was predicted that when Mr. Dodi retired last month, he wouldnt have worked for this company for fifty years.
15. She expected that she wouldnt have waited for her boyfriend for 2 hours last night.
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Past Future Perfect Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Would + subject + have + verb3 + object + modifier?
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
If I had told you about the todays exam, would you have studied hard last night? (Jika saya telah beri tahu kamu
bahwa ada ujian hari ini, apakah kamu akan telah belajar keras tadi malam?)
Would you have been allowed to take the English II if you had not passed the English I?
Would he have got an accident if he had not driven fast?
If your parents hadnt got divorced, would you have been much happier?
If you hadnt got a scholarship, would you have been able to afford the school expenses?
Would you have finished reading this book by 3 p.m. yesterday if it were thinner?
Would Barcelona have scored three goals when the first half was over if its opponent had been Indonesian team?
If the traffic hadnt been terrible, would dads plane have arrived after you got to the airport?
Would he have been home when your mom gave birth last month if he hadnt had an immigration documentation
problem?
Would you have fallen asleep by the time Joni got home last night if you had taken a sleeping pill? Dan
seterusnya.
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Note: Kalimat tanya dari tensis ini pada umumnya berupa conditional sentence seperti terlihat pada contoh-contoh di atas.
Sekarang, coba bandingkan dengan cara berikut:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Did you assume that John would have traveled around the world before he got married last year?
Did you predict that she would have read the entire book before she went to campus yesterday afternoon?
Did I predict that I wouldnt have had enough time to eat before I played badminton last night?
Did they think that he would have bought a gift before he went to his girlfriends birthday party last night?
Did you predict that he would have had more than 50 wives before he died
1. Farmers in Jati Bali would have been growing rice crops for 40 years by the end of last month. (Petani-petani di
Jati Bali akan telah bercocok tanam padi selama 40 tahun sebelum akhir bulan lalu).
2. Some students would have been conducting research on vegetative plant propagations for one year when the
3.
semester started last month. (Beberapa siswa akan telah melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif
selama 1 tahun ketika semester dimulai bulan lalu).
Transpiration would have been starting to increase for more than an hour when we measured it at 9 a.m.
yesterday. (Transpirasi akan telah mulai meningkat selama lebih dari 1 jam ketika kita mengukurnya jam 9 pagi
kemarin).
1. I thought I would have been at school only for 6 hours yesterday. In fact, I had to wait for another hour because
my dads car broke down on the way to the school.
2. I was completely sure that on August 17, I would have lived in this house for 10 years sharp.
3. I expected that I would have slept for 8 hours last night but I was awoken by my neighbors long big fight at 1
a.m. It was very loud and I couldnt fall asleep till morning.
4. It was predicted that when Mr. Dodi retired last month, he would have worked for this company for forty-five
5.
years.
She never expected that she would have waited for her boyfriend for 2 hours last night.
Dalam past future perfect continuous tense, kelima kalimat ini menjadi:
1. I thought I would have been being at school only for 6 hours yesterday. In fact, I had to wait for another hour
because my dads car broke down on the way to the school.
2. I was completely sure that on August 17, I would have been living in this house for 10 years sharp.
3. I expected that I would have been sleeping for 8 hours last night but I was awoken by my neighbors long big
fight at 1 a.m. It was very loud and I couldnt fall asleep till morning.
4. It was predicted that when Mr. Dodi retired last month, he would have been working for this company for forty5.
five years.
She never expected that she would have been waiting for her boyfriend for 2 hours last night.
Negative Form
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Bentuk negatif Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense adalah dengan menambahkan kata bantu NOT setelah auxilliary
WOULD seperti terlihat pada formula berikut:
Subject + would + not + have + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier
Contoh:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Note: Seperti dituliskan dalam kelima contoh di atas, would + not dapat dikontraksi menjadi wouldnt.
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense dibentuk dengan menempatkan (inversi) auxililiary
WOULD di depan subject kalimat:
Would + subject + not + have + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?
Contoh:
1. Would you have been being at school for 7 hours yesterday if your dads car hadnt broken down on the way to
the school?
2. Would you have been living in this house for 10 years on August 17 if the house rent had been raised by the
landlord?.
3. If your neighbor hadnt had a long big fight last night, would you have been sleeping for 4 hours last night?
4. If Mr. Dodi were still strong, would he have been working for this company for more than fifty years?
5.
Did she expect that she would have been waiting for her boyfriend for 2 hours last night?
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