Intro
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Waqar AhmedIntro
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Waqar AhmedOil Provides 35% of global energy consumption, 92% of which is utilized for
transportation and more oil is used today than any other time. There is no doubt
that oil is a finite resource and one that is not equitably distributed around the
globe. Energy security is at the top of the international agenda.
Pakistans oil consumption is 371 Thousand BPD which is 68% higher than 1990.
Pakistan has only 310 million barrels oil reserves and 853.79 Million cubic meter
proven gas reserves which currently produces 67.1 thousand BPD and 104.23
million m3 respectively. Thus, there is no prospect for Pakistan to reach selfsufficiency in oil and depends on its imports from foreign sources which is 80% of its
consumption. Pakistan needs to look forward to decrease its oil imports by
decreasing oil consumption and finding alternate sources of Liquid fuel.
Alternative liquid fuels can be made from solid coal and biomass or from gaseous
(Natural gas) feedstock and can be used in existing vehicle with no or little
modifications. Coal will have a significant role in the provision of these alternative
fuels. It is most affordable of fossil fuels and widely available.
Pakistan is a coal rich country it has large coal reserves exceeding 186 billion Tons,
compare to its oil and gas reserves. 175 billion ton of which is occurred only in Thar
Desert. The Quality of Thar coal is determined by Geological survey of Pakistan on
the basis of over 2000 samples. The Rank of Thar coal is Lignite B to sub-bituminous
A, which is most suitable for underground Gasification.
Coal reserves of Pakistan can help balance Pakistans future dependence on foreign
sources of Oil. Thar coal can be converted in to liquid fuels by underground
gasification of coal to produce syngas, condensing it over a catalyst (Fischer-Tropsch
processing) to produce syn-crude which can be distillated to produced Liquid fuels.
Coal derived fuels are ultra clean, sulphur-free low particulates, with low level of
oxides of nitrogen. Carbon dioxide emission over full fuel cycle can be reduced as
much as 20% compared to conventional oil products.
