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Quadratic Equation Guide

This document provides an overview of quadratic equations including: - The general form of a quadratic equation is ax2 + bx + c = 0. - There are three main methods to solve quadratic equations: factorisation, completing the square, and the quadratic formula. - The discriminant, b2 - 4ac, determines the nature of the roots - positive for two real roots, zero for one repeated root, and negative if no real roots.

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94 views9 pages

Quadratic Equation Guide

This document provides an overview of quadratic equations including: - The general form of a quadratic equation is ax2 + bx + c = 0. - There are three main methods to solve quadratic equations: factorisation, completing the square, and the quadratic formula. - The discriminant, b2 - 4ac, determines the nature of the roots - positive for two real roots, zero for one repeated root, and negative if no real roots.

Uploaded by

tayo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quadratic Equation
Mind Map
Quadratic
Equation

Identify QE

Example of QE
and non-QE

Forming QE
from Roots

Solving QE

General Form

Value of a, b
and c

Root of QE

3 Methods

Type of Root

x2 SoRx +
PoR = 0

Substitution

Factorisation

SoR = -b/a
PoR = c/a

Intersection of
Graph

Completing the
Square

A few example
of SoR and PoR

Formula

Difference Between Quadratic Eqaution and


Quadratic Function

Quadratic Equation
In mathematics, a quadratic equation is a
polynomial equation of the second degree. The
general form is

ax 2 + bx + c = 0
where a 0. (For a = 0, the equation becomes a
linear equation.)
The letters a, b, and c are called coefficients: the
quadratic coefficient a is the coefficient of x2, the
linear coefficient b is the coefficient of x, and c is
the constant coefficient, also called the free term or
constant term.
Example of Quadratic Equation
2 x2 5 = 0
1 6 x2 = 3
6 x + 3x 2 = 0
x2 = 0

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Quadratic Equation
Solving Quadratic Equation
3 Methods:
z
Factorisation
z
Completing The Square
z
Quadratic Formula
Factorisation

Example
Solve x2 + 5x + 6 = 0.
Answer
x2 + 5x + 6 = (x + 2)(x + 3)
Set this equal to zero:
(x + 2)(x + 3) = 0
Solve each factor:
x + 2 = 0 or x + 3 = 0
x = 2 or x = 3
The solution of x2 + 5x + 6 = 0 is x = 3, 2

Completing The Square

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Quadratic Equation
Quadratic Formula

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Quadratic Equation
Forming Quadratic Equation from Its Roots

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Quadratic Equation

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Quadratic Equation

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Quadratic Equation

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Quadratic Equation

Nature of Roots of a Quadratic Equation


2
The expression b 4ac in the general formula is called the discriminant of the equation, as it determines
the type of roots that the equation has.

b 2 4ac
b 2 4ac
b 2 4ac
b 2 4ac

> 0 two real and distinct roots


= 0 two real and equal roots
< 0 no real roots
0 the roots are real

e.g. 1:
Find the range of values of k for which the equation
2x 2 + 5x + 3 k = 0 has two real distinct roots.

e.g. 3:
Find the range of values of p for which the equation
x 2 2 px + p 2 + 5 p 6 = 0 has no real roots.

b 2 4ac > 0

b 2 4ac < 0

(5) 2 4(2)(3 k ) > 0


25 24 + 8k > 0
1 + 8k > 0

(2 p ) 2 4(1)( p 2 + 5 p 6) < 0

8k > 1
1
k>
8

20 p < 24

4 p 2 4 p 2 20 p + 24 < 0
20 p + 24 < 0
20 p > 24
24
20
6
p>
5
p>

e.g. 2:
2
The roots of 3x + kx + 12 = 0 are equal. Find k.
b 2 4ac = 0

(k ) 2 4(3)(12) = 0
k 2 144 = 0
k 2 = 144
k = 144
k = 12

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Quadratic Equation
e.g. 4:
2 2
Show that the equation a x + 3ax + 2 = 0
always has real roots.
b 2 4ac
= (3a ) 2 4(a 2 )(2)
= 9 a 2 8a 2
= a2

a2 >0 for all values of a. Therefore


b 2 4ac > 0
Proven that

a 2 x 2 + 3ax + 2 = 0 always has real roots.

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