Sustainable

Transportation

Ms Kelly Stewart
Research Analyst, Research & Statistics
Land Transport Authority, Singapore
13th March 2010
 Outline
1. Background
2. Challenges
3. Key Strategies
4. Sustainable Development (SD)
Initiatives
5. Singapore urban TrAnspoRt
Solution (STARS)
6. Conclusion
2
Background

3
 1. Background

Singapore
Population : 5.0 million
Land Area : 710.2 sq km

23 km

43 km

CBD

High-density
High-density
housing
housing
4
Note: Figures accurate as of Feb 10
 1. Background

Road Transport

Road Network - 3,325 km

Expressway Network - 161 km

Vehicle Population - 929,518

Car Population - 569,761

Note:
(a) Road & Expressway Figures – Accurate as of Dec 08 5
(b) Vehicle Figures - Accurate as of Jan 10
 1. Background

Public Transport Modes

MRT : 119 km, 74 stations Bus : 344 routes, 4045 buses

Taxi : 24,702 LRT : 29 km, 43 stations

Note:
(a) MRT, LRT figures accurate as of Feb 10 6
(b) Bus and Taxi figures accurate as of Jan 10
 1. Background

Travel Statistics
Daily MRT/LRT trips : 2.0 million

Daily Bus trips : 3.0 million

Daily Taxi trips : 0.9 million

7
Note: Figures accurate as of Feb 10
Challenges and Key
Strategies
 2. Challenges

Key Challenges
1) Increasing Travel Demand 2) Limited Land Space

14.3 mil
12% Land Use
15%
ou rneys
o. of J ay Roads
N D
per Housing
Others
11 mil
73%
Today 2020

Increase in Travel Demand must be met

largely by Public Transport
9
 2. Challenges

What Does It Mean?

• Cater to diverse needs of our people

Aging Population

Transport is a Basic Need

Protect Environment for Future Generations

• Sustainable transport

Social Inclusiveness

Environmental Sustainability

Economic Growth

10
 3. Key Strategies

Land Transport MasterPlan (LTMP)

11
 3. Key Strategies

Three Key Strategies

A People-Centred Land Transport System

S1. Make Public S2. Manage Road S3. Meet Diverse

Transport a Use Needs
Choice Mode
12
 3. Key Strategies

S1:Make Public Transport a Choice Mode

• Enhance Integration of
Public Transport System
• Extend Priority for Buses
• Expand Rail Network
• Introduce Contestability to
Public Transport Industry
• Enhance Travel Experience

13
 3. Key Strategies

Enhance Integration of PT System

Distance-Based
Centralized Through fares
Bus Network
Planning 3km 5km

Future Clementi Hub

Enhance (artist impression)

Integration of
our PT system

Ang Mo Kio Hub

Integrated
Transport and Land Use Integrated
Planning PT hubs

14
S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode
 3. Key Strategies
Integrated Public Transport Service
Information
Public Transport@SG Mobile Integrated Multi-Modal Travel
• Launched on 13 Aug 2009 Information (IMTI)
• One Stop E-channel for Integrated Public • To facilitate door-to-door travel planning
Transport Information and Services • Interactive Electronic Map of the island
• Island-wide Interactive map with Static
Integrated PT service information

Travel Information System

• Expand Real Time Bus Arrival Information
on SMS
• Through Internet
• Through hotlines

15
S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode
 3. Key Strategies

Integrated Transport and Land Use

Planning
• Integrate Transport Facilities with Building
Developments
• Work closely with other agencies to Integrate
Transport with Land Use Planning

16
S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode
 3. Key Strategies

Integrated Public Transport Hubs

• Air-Conditioned Bus Interchanges
integrated with adjoining RTS stations and
Commercial Development Boon Lay Bus Interchange

Completed Integrated Bus

Interchanges
– Sengkang, Ang Mo Kio, Boon
Lay, Toa Payoh

Future Integrated Bus

Interchanges
– Clementi (Under Construction),
Serangoon, Bedok, Jurong East,
Joo Koon and Marina South

Sengkang Bus Interchange 17

S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode

 3. Key Strategies

Enhance Commuter Experience

EZ link system Key Bus Premium Bus

Services Map Services

Upgraded Bus Real-Time Bus Upgraded Bus

Stops Info Panels Poles

18
S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode
 3. Key Strategies

Extend Bus Priority

Full Day Bus lanes Mandatory Give-Way at Bus Bays

19
S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode
 3. Key Strategies

Expand Rail Network

Opening Existing In Progress By 2020
April 2010
North

Doubling Rail Network Thomson

by 2020 Line

148 km 278 km North-East

Downtown
West
Line
NSL
East
NEL

EWL

Central Region

Tuas Extension Eastern

Region Line
Circle Line

North South
Line Extension
20
S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode
 3. Key Strategies

Key Target by 2020

• Increase AM peak modal share on public
transport from 59% to 70%
- Private Transport

- Public Transport

2008 Mode Share Target 2020 Mode Share

(am peak) (am peak)

41% 30%
70%
59%

21
S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode
 3. Key Strategies

S2:Manage Road Usage

• Holistic Package of Measures to keep Roads
Smooth Flowing

Manage Demand for Road Use
– A Combination of Ownership & Usage Measures
(ERP)

Expand Road Network

Leverage on Technology

22
 3. Key Strategies

Demand Management
• Combination of Ownership Control and Usage
Restraint Measures

Ownership Usage
Control Restraint

Ownership Measures: Usage Measures:

1. Limit Ownership  Vehicle Quota 1. Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)
System (i.e. COE)
2. Petrol Duty

23
S2:Manage Road Usage
 3. Key Strategies

Leverage on Technology
• Traffic & Incident Management
System

Parking Guidance System (PGS)

Green Link Determining System (GLIDE)

Expressway Monitoring & Advisory System
(EMAS)

Junction Eyes (J-Eyes)

• Provide Timely Traffic Information

Real-time traffic information on
ONE.MOTORING portal

Radio channels to broadcast traffic
information 24
S2:Manage Road Usage
 3. Key Strategies

S3:Meeting Diverse Needs

• Protect Environment
• Implement Barrier-Free
Accessibility

25
 3. Key Strategies

Environmental Sustainability
• Gearing our Transport Practices & Policies
towards Supporting Environmental Aims

CO2 Contribution by Sector (2005)

19%
54% Transport

Buildings
Consumers /
Households &
16% Others
Manufacturing
11%

Source : MEWR

26
S3:Meeting Diverse Needs
Sustainable Development
(SD) Initiatives
 4. SD Initiatives

Three Broad Thrusts

Sustainable Development

T1. Improve T2. Improve Resource T3. Improve Living

Transport Mobility Conservation Environment
& Accessibility

28
S3:Meeting Diverse Needs
 4. SD Initiatives

Sustainable Development Framework

T1:IMPROVE TRANSPORT
MOBILITY & ACCESSIBILITY
• Wheelchair Accessible Buses
• Enhancement Projects for MRT
Stations
• Improving Commuter and Pedestrian
Facilities

• Facilitate non-motorized modes, i.e. Cycling track plot,

trial on rental bike schemes
• Marina Bay – An exemplary Sustainable Urban District

• Greening of Road • Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)

Infrastructure
• Vehicle Emission Test Laboratory (VETL)
• Green IT Initiatives
• Environmental Management System
Framework
• Diesel Hybrid Bus
• Electric Vehicles (EV)

T2:IMPROVE RESOURCE CONSERVATION T3:IMPROVE LIVING ENVIRONMENT

LTMP Target : 7% Improvement in EE by 2020 IMCSD Target: Reduce PM2.5 to 12µg/m³ by 2020
IMCSD Target : 20% Overall EE Target by 2020
29
S3:Meeting Diverse Needs
 4. SD Initiatives

T1:Improve Transport Mobility & Accessibility

Accessibility
Wheelchair Accessible Buses
• Progressively
upgrading bus fleet to be
wheelchair accessible by
2020

Enhancement Projects for MRT

Facilitate Cycling
• Provide better bicycle parking
Stations
facilities around MRT stations • Lift Retrofitting
and bus interchanges
• Barrier-free facilities

Improving Commuter and

Marina Bay Initiative
Pedestrian Facilities
• Proposal of an integrated sustainable
transport plan • Pedestrian Overhead
–Cycling Bridges, Pedestrian
–Walking Crossings, Covered
Linkways
• Barrier-free facilities 30
S3:Meeting Diverse Needs
 4. SD Initiatives

T2: Improve Resource Conservation

LTMP Target Greening of Road Infrastructure
7% Improvement in EE by • Recycled Material in Road Pavement Construction
2020

IMCSD Target
20% Overall EE Target by
Waste Incineration
2020 Plant

Diesel Hybrid Buses

• A feasibility study will be conducted on
a diesel hybrid bus trial in Singapore
Semakau Roads
Landfill
Electric Vehicles (EVs)
• LTA and EMA are co-chairing an EV Green IT Initiatives
Taskforce to develop a blueprint for EV
• LED Traffic Lights
development in Singapore
• Solar Panels at Bus stops

31
S3:Meeting Diverse Needs
 4. SD Initiatives

T3:Improve Living Environment

IMCSD Target
Reduce PM2.5 to 12µg/m³ by 2020

Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Environmental Management

• Reduction of diesel vehicle PM Framework
emission levels through
installation of DPF • Environmental Impact Analysis
• Trial in 2010 to retrofit a small
no. of non-Euro IV vehicles with
DPF

Vehicle Emission Test

• Achieved ISO
Laboratory (VETL) 14000
•Built with VICOM to assist in testing Environmental
and providing data emissions to Management
help monitor emission levels Process
• To perform vehicle exhaust
emission and fuel efficiency studies
with NUS
• Project Environmental Management

32
S3:Meeting Diverse Needs
 Singapore urban
TrAnspoRt Solution
(STARS)
 5. STARS

Singapore urban TrAnspoRt Solution (STARS)

4 RESEARCH CLUSTERS

1) Transport 2) Transport 3) Integrated User 4) Environment &

Optimization Telematics Experience Energy

• Travel Pattern • Traffic Modelling • Personal Travel • Green IT

Analytics & Predictive Advisor
• Green Vehicles
Analytics
• Sensors & • Unified Travel
Robotics • Collaborative Information
Location-Based
• Open Source • Mashups for
Services
Road Traffic Geospatial Transport
Simulator Information
34
 5. STARS

Singapore urban TrAnspoRt Solution (STARS)

• STARS was initiated on 5 November 2008 with the new
LTMP in mind
• To catalyze innovation in land transport development

LTA launched a $50 million Land Transport Innovation Fund (LTIF)
in March 2008

Collaborations and joint research with industry partners and
academic institutions

35
 6. Conclusion
Conclusion
Vision A People-Centred Land Transport System

Mission
To provide an Efficient and Cost-Effective Land Transport System for
Different Needs

Making Public Manage Meeting

3 Strategic
Transport a Choice Road Usage Diverse Needs
Thrusts
Mode

•Enhance Integration of PT •Manage Demand for Road •Protect the Environment

System Use •Ensure Barrier-Free
•Extend Bus Priority •Expand Road Network Accessibility for all
•Expand Rail Network •Leverage on Technology
•Introduce Contestability for
PT Industry
•Enhance Travel Experience

Initiative Singapore urban TrAnspoRt Solution (STARS)

4 Research Traffic Optimisation Transport Telematics Integrated User Environment &

Clusters Experience Energy
36
Thank you

37
 3. Key Strategies

Central Bus Network Planning

• Key Land Transport Masterplan Initiative
• One single agency that plans the entire land
transport network

Integrated, seamless connectivity; faster and more
convenient travel
Objectives

Improve Journey Enhance PT Integration Maintain Overall Bus

Quality and Hub-and-Spoke Network Financial
• Bus Frequency Model Viability
• Travel Time • Seamless Transfers • Efficient Use of Resources
• Convenience – Network Design • Affordable Fares for
Passengers
• Crowdedness
• Reliability 38
S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode
 3. Key Strategies
Improved Bus Quality of Service
(QOS) to Reduce Waiting Times
• 85% of Feeder bus services at headways of
10 mins or less (Aug 08)
• Trunk buses along ERP-affected corridors at
shorter 12-min headways

Year QoS Standards for Bus Services

Aug
12 minutes
2008

Aug
10 minutes
2009

39
S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode
 3. Key Strategies
Improved MRT Operating
Performance Standards (OPS)
• To Reduce Waiting Times and Alleviate
Passenger Load in Trains

Reduced maximum train passenger loading per train
to 1,600

Prescribed minimum headways for peak and lunch
hours
Time period Previous Current
Morning peak-of-peak
3 minutes 2-3 minutes
periods
5-6 minutes
Lunch periods 7 minutes (3.5-4.5 minutes for
CBD areas)

40
S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode
 3. Key Strategies

Distance-Based Through Fares

3km 5km

• Today, Bus-Only Journey with one transfer

E.g. 3km on the 1st bus and 5km on the 2nd bus

Ez-Link fare = $1.24 ($0.71 for 1st bus trip + $0.93
for 2nd bus trip - $0.40 transfer rebate)

• With Distance-Based Through Fare

Fare will be computed based on total distance
travelled

Based on today’s fare level, fare = $1.13 for his 8km
journey

41
S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode
 3. Key Strategies

Introduce Contestability
• Gradually Open up Basic Bus Services for
Greater Competition to Improve Efficiency of
Bus Operation

Competition for the market, not competition in the
market
• Future RTS operating licenses will also be
awarded through tender and have shorter
duration

42
S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode
 3. Key Strategies

Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)

• Implemented in 1998
• Replaced manual Area
Licensing Scheme (ALS)
• Congestion Management tool
• Review speed range at 3-month interval

Adjust ERP charges (in half-hour slots)

Expressways 45 kph 65 kph

Increase Decrease

Increase Decrease
20 kph 30 kph City & Other Roads
43
S2:Manage Road Usage
 3. Key Strategies

Expand Road Network

North South
Expressway
SLE (2020)

KJE
TPE
BKE

E
KP
PIE

PIE

ECP
AYE

Marina Coastal
Expressway
(2013)
44
S2:Manage Road Usage
Strategies to Reduce GHG & Energy
Car Fleet Fuel Efficiency Improvement

Fuel Economy Labelling Scheme (FELS)

• Improve Fuel Efficiency of Vehicles
• Mandatory since April 2009

Green Vehicle Rebate (GVR) Scheme

• GVR increased from 20% to 40% of OMV (open market value) in 2006
Growth in Green Vehicle Population due to GVR
6000
No. of Green
5000 Vehicles
Natural Gas
4000 Vehicles
Hybrid
3000
Vehicles
2000 Electric
Vehicles
1000

0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

45