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3.1.1 Hardness: Diagram 3.1 1 Oak Tree. Diagram 3.1 2 Sugar Maple Tree

The document discusses the hardness and toughness of different types of wood. It defines hardness as the amount of pressure required to indent wood, with very hard woods requiring around 3,000 pounds of pressure per square inch for a 1/20th inch dent. Very hard woods listed include oak, maple, and elm. Hard woods mentioned are ash, cherry, and birch. Softer woods listed are hemlock, redwood, and poplar. It then defines toughness as a wood's strength and pliability to withstand shocks without shattering, citing elm and hickory as examples.

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68 views3 pages

3.1.1 Hardness: Diagram 3.1 1 Oak Tree. Diagram 3.1 2 Sugar Maple Tree

The document discusses the hardness and toughness of different types of wood. It defines hardness as the amount of pressure required to indent wood, with very hard woods requiring around 3,000 pounds of pressure per square inch for a 1/20th inch dent. Very hard woods listed include oak, maple, and elm. Hard woods mentioned are ash, cherry, and birch. Softer woods listed are hemlock, redwood, and poplar. It then defines toughness as a wood's strength and pliability to withstand shocks without shattering, citing elm and hickory as examples.

Uploaded by

Xin Yan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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3.1.

1 Hardness
If a block of wood is struck with a hammer when lying on a bench, the hammer-head will
make a dent in the wood, which will be deeper or shallower according as the wood is soft
or hard. A wood is said to be very hard when it requires a pressure of about 3,000 pounds
per square inch to make an impression one-twentieth of an inch deep.
-A hard wood requires only about 2,500 pounds to produce the same effect.
-Fairly hard wood will be indented by a pressure of 1,500 pounds.
-Soft woods require even less.
Examples of wood based on their hardness are as follow:
Very hard wood: Oak, Maple, Elm

Diagram 3.1 1 Oak tree.


Diagram 3.1 2 Sugar maple tree.

Diagram 3.1 3 Elm tree.

Hard wood: Ash, Cherry, Birch

Diagram 3.1 5 Cherry tree.

Diagram 3.1 4 Ash tree.

Diagram 3.1 6 Birch tree.

Soft wood: Hemlock, Red wood, Poplar

Diagram 3.1 8 Red wood


Diagram 3.1 7 Hemlock tree

3.1.2 Toughness

Diagram 3.1 9 Poplar tree

"Toughness" is a word which is often used in relation to timber, and implies both strength
and pliability, such as is found in the wood of the elm and the hickory. Such timber will
withstand the effect of jars and shocks which would cause other woods like pine to be
shattered. For the purpose of this schedule, the simplified classifications L (low), M
(medium) and H (high) have been adopted.

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