Interactive
Essential
Text
5-2.4
5-2
What
were
the
political,
economic,
geographic
and
social
factors
that
had
an
impact
on
Westward
Expansion?
5-2.4-What
were
the
social
and
economic
effects
of
Westward
Expansion
on
Native
Americans?
The
Indian
Wars
What
changed
between
the
Native
Americans
and
the
white
settlers?
At
first,
many
Native
Americans
welcomed
and
cooperated
with
explorers
of
the
West.
However,
federal
policy
changed
in
the
post-
Civil
War
period
as
a
result
of
the
transcontinental
railroad,
the
discovery
of
rich
mineral
deposits
on
some
reservations
and
continued
movement
west
of
white
settlers.
The
destruction
of
the
buffalo
by
sharpshooters,
hired
by
the
railroad
companies,
undermined
the
culture
of
the
Plains
Indians.
In
the
second
half
of
the
1800s,
farmers
and
miners
claimed
the
lands
that
the
Native
Americans
believed
to
be
theirs.
Pushed
onto
smaller
and
smaller
reservations,
some
tribes
went
to
war
against
the
settlers
and
the
soldiers
who
supported
them.
The
Indian
Wars
were
marked
by
massacres
by
white
soldiers
of
Native
American
women
and
children
such
as
the
Sand
Creek
Massacre
[1864].
After
silver
was
discovered
in
the
Black
Hills,
the
Native
Americans
who
lived
there
were
driven
out.
Cause
#1
Cause
#2
Cause
#3
Effect
The
Native
Americans
no
longer
cooperated
with
the
white
settlers
which
began
the
Indian
Wars.
Interactive
Essential
Text
5-2.4
Forced
Against
Their
Will
Although
treaties
between
the
United
States
government
and
Native
American
tribes
granted
the
Native
Americans
reservations
in
their
tribal
lands
and
recognized
tribal
land
ownership,
these
treaties
were
often
not
honored
by
the
government.
When
gold
was
found
in
the
Black
Hills
on
a
reservation,
the
Native
Americans
[Lakota
Sioux
under
the
leadership
of
Sitting
Bull]
were
forced
off
the
land
against
their
will.
The
Battle
of
Little
Bighorn,
or
Custers
Last
Stand,
[1876]
between
the
Native
Americans
and
the
United
States
army
created
public
support
for
a
much
larger
military
force
that
crushed
Native
American
resistance
in
the
area.
treaty
an
official
agreement
that
is
made
between
two
or
more
countries
or
groups
Why
would
the
United
States
government
not
honor
the
treaties
they
made
with
the
Native
American
tribes?
Broken
Promises
A
Native
American
tribe
in
Oregon
[Nez
Perce
led
by
Chief
Joseph,
1877]
fled
to
Canada
rather
than
be
moved
off
of
their
traditional
lands
to
Idaho
in
order
to
make
way
for
white
settlers.
However,
they
were
surrounded
by
the
United
States
army.
When
they
were
promised
to
be
allowed
to
return
to
Oregon,
they
surrendered.
This
Interactive
Essential
Text
5-2.4
promise
was
not
kept
and
the
tribe
was
taken
to
a
reservation
in
Oklahoma.
Resistance
Comes
to
an
End
being
forced
to
live
on
reservations?
Explain
using
evidence
from
the
text.
Plains
Indians
of
the
southwest
also
attempted
to
resist
[Apaches
led
by
Geronimo]
but
their
leader
was
eventually
captured
and
returned
to
a
reservation.
Soon
resistance
by
other
Native
American
tribes
was
also
broken.
Some
Native
Americans
escaped
the
reservation
and
attempted
to
restore
their
old
way
of
life
but
they
were
surrounded
by
the
army
at
Wounded
Knee,
South
Dakota
[1890].
United
States
soldiers
massacred
approximately
300
men,
women
and
children
as
they
attempted
to
give
up
their
weapons.
Native
American
resistance
to
the
reservation
policy
was
over.
How
did
Geronimo
feel
about
Native
Americans
I
was
born
on
the
prairies
where
the
wind
blew
free
and
there
was
nothing
to
break
the
light
of
the
sun.
I
was
born
where
there
were
no
enclosures.
-Geronimo
Culture
Shock
Life
on
the
reservation
was
not
easy.
Native
Americans
were
forced
from
their
tribal
homelands
to
much
less
desirable
lands
to
which
their
culture
was
not
adapted.
Plains
Indians,
whose
culture
centered
on
hunting
the
buffalo,
could
no
longer
provide
enough
food
for
their
Interactive
Essential
Text
5-2.4
families.
A
Changing
Way
of
Life
Although
the
United
States
government
had
promised
to
supply
the
Native
Americans
with
food,
the
corruption
of
the
Bureau
of
Indian
Affairs
meant
that
many
Native
Americans
did
not
get
enough
supplies.
Poverty,
starvation
and
despondency
were
prevalent
on
the
reservations.
Reformers
of
the
late
19th
century
were
concerned
about
the
plight
of
the
Native
Americans
and
the
unfairness
of
the
many
treaties
broken
by
the
United
States
government.
These
reformers
believed
that
if
Native
Americans
would
give
up
their
tribal
traditions
and
adopt
the
ways
of
the
white
man
they
would
prosper.
color(s)
did
you
code
the
text
above?
What
Explain
your
thinking.
Overcoming
Obstacles
despondencyloss of courage or hope
A
new
federal
policy
took
the
tribal
lands
of
the
reservation
and
divided
it
up
into
farms
for
individual
Native
American
families
[Dawes
Severalty
Act,
1887].
However,
Native
Americans
had
different
ideas
of
land
ownership
than
whites.
They
believed
that
the
land
belonged
to
the
group,
not
individuals.
This
policy
violated
those
beliefs
and
the
traditions
of
hunting
that
had
sustained
Native
American
culture
for
centuries.
Many
of
the
farms
belonging
to
Native
Americans
failed
(as
did
many
farms
in
the
late
19th
century
that
belonged
to
whites)
and
the
Native
Americans
lost
their
land.
How
did
Native
Americans
view
land
ownership
differently
than
the
white
settlers?
Interactive
Essential
Text
5-2.4
Overcoming
Obstacles
In
addition,
reformers
believed
that
Native
American
children
should
learn
the
ways
of
the
white
man.
Children
were
taken
away
from
their
families
and
sent
to
boarding
schools
faraway
[ex.
The
Carlisle
School
in
Pennsylvania]
where
they
were
taught
to
behave
like
white
children,
had
their
cut
and
learned
to
speak
English].
The
traditions
and
values
of
the
Native
American
culture
were
not
honored
in
the
late
19th
and
first
half
of
the
20th
centuries.
Today,
as
a
result
of
a
civil
rights
movement
among
Native
Americans
in
the
1960s,
their
culture
is
being
preserved
and
their
rights
honored.
However,
life
on
many
reservations
is
still
difficult
and
many
Native
Americans
live
in
poverty.
Claim:
The
way
of
life
for
many
Native
Americans
changed
during
Westward
Expansion.
Evidence:
Evidence:
