GIS ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﺴﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ دهﻮك ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬

‫ﻣﺰآﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ‬

‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ دهﻮك‬/‫ ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬/‫ﻣﺪرس ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻠﺨﺺ‬

‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ ﺍﺫ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﻊ ﻜﻡ ﻫﺎﺌل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬،‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﺤﺩﻯ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬
.‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﻫﻭﻙ ﺒﺎﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﻴﺠﻤﻊ‬
.‫ﻭﻴﺭﺒﻁ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ )ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ( ﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﺨﺯﻥ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
.‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﺨﺯﻥ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻜﻡ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﻀﻊ ﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻟﺘﺭﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺒﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﻭﺍﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.Arcview 3.3 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬

Abstract
The geographical information system give a lot of possibilities in different
scientific fields and the population data can be considered as one of
them, in which a lot of terrifying quantities of data can be collected and
handled with accuracy, quickness and shown to the concerned and
planners.

This research aims at building a model for dwelling apartments data

which are based in Duhok city in away collecting and joining population
attributes spatial entity and application possibility in other places it
concentrates on manner population data base design for columnar
dwelling model (elements and steps) with statement GIS possibility to
prepare a method of storing and handling this data.

The research comes up with this possibility and finds method for storing
and handling a lot of population data with a method of building, floors,
apartments numbering and entry data on personal level by employment
Arcview3.3 software.

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 ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﻟﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻭﻟﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻊ )ﻓﻲ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ ﺍﻻﻓﻘﻲ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ) ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺌﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻫﻲ ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﻡ‪ (٢‬ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺴﺘﻭﻋﺏ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻨﻤﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ )ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ( ﺍﻟﺤل ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﺤﻥ ﻟﺴﻨﺎ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺤﻥ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﺍﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻭ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ ﺍﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﺩﺨﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﻻﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻭﺍﻴﻀﺎ ﻻﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻜﻥ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ ﻭﺭﺒﻁ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺭﺒﻁ ﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﻭﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ‪.GIS‬‬
‫ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﻊ ﻭﺨﺯﻥ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻜﻥ ﻟﻨﻤﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺭﺒﻁﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻓﻼ ﺘﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ‪.GIS‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻭ ﺍﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ‪ GIS‬ﻻﺩﺨﺎل ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﺼﺒﺢ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ ﻤﺘﺒﻌﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺄﻟﻭﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﻫﻭﻙ ﺒﺎﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻴﺠﻤﻊ ﻭﻴﺭﺒﻁ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺘﺒﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺌﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺜﻡ ﺍﺩﺨﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺼﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﻗﺴﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﺒﺤﺜﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻻﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻨﺒﺫﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻭﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ )ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻭﻙ( ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻭﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻗﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫)ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ( ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺠﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺠﻤﻊ ﻭﺨﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﻨﻤﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ )ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ( ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﻜل ﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬

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‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ‪ thematic maps‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻻﺤﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻼﻡ ‪.Query‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻻﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ ١-١‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺤﺼﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﺎﻨﻪ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺘﺤﺘل ﻗﺭﻴﺒﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﺍﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻜل ﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻭ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﺒﺄﺴﻡ ‪ Geoline‬ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻭ ﺒﺜﻬﺎ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻻﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ‪ TIGER‬ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻨﺘﺠﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻻﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﺸﺅﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺤﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٩٠‬ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎل ﻜﺎﺭﺘﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺓ ﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻭﻫﻲ ) ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ( ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ‪ Arcview‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩﻱ ‪ ١٩٨١‬ﻭ ‪.١٩٩٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ )‪ (Michael Barke‬ﻭ )‪ (Paula Henderson‬ﻭ ) ‪Clive‬‬
‫‪ (Morphet‬ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ )‪ (Northumbria‬ﻓﻲ ﻨﻴﻭﻜﺎﺴل ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ‪١٩٩١‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻴﻭﻜﺎﺴل‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻭﻤﺔ )ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﺎﻨﻜﻴﺵ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ( ﻭﻫﻲ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ‪ ،٢٠٠٥‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻻﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻥ ﺍﺨﺭﻯ ﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ‪، Arcview 3.3‬‬
‫ﻟﺫﺍ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭل ﺒﺎﻥ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻊ ﻭﺨﺯﻥ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٢-١‬ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻭﺼﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺸﻜﻠﺕ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺴﻭﻏﺎﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻁﻠﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺘﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﺨﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻅﻭﺍﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬

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‫‪ Unique‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻌﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ ‪ ،Generalization‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻅﻭﺍﻫﺭ ﻴﺴﻬل ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﺼﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻀﺒﻁﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻤل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺼﺩﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻨﻁﺒﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﺎ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺎ ﻤﺒﺴﻁﺎ ﺠﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟﻙ ﻻﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻟﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻫﺎﻡ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻻﻨﻪ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﺨﺫ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺒﻜﺎﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜل ﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻴﺒﺭﺯ ﻤﻅﻬﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺍ ﻤﻊ ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻫﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٣-١‬ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻨﻪ ﻭﺼﻑ ﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻨﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻴﻤﺜل ﻜل ﻨﻭﻉ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﻨﻘل ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺜﻴﻼﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺒﺴﻁ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻨﻬﺎ )ﺘﻌﺩ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻋﻤﺩﺓ ﻭﺼﻔﻭﻑ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ()‪.(٨‬‬

‫‪ ٤-١‬ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﻘﺴﻡ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ)‪-:(٩‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﺸﻜﺎل ﺘﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﻭﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻭﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺍﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻜﺸﻔﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٥‬ﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻜﻴﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻘﺴﻡ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ)‪-:(١٠‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻨﻤﺫﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻫﻭﻴﺘﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ)‪-:(١١‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ – ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ ‪.entity‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ – ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ‪.object‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺘﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺭﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻜﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭﻱ ﺁﺨﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﹰﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﻫﻭ ﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻭ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﺫ ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻤﺎ ﻁﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻭﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﺁﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ )ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻗﺎﺭﺓ( ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ )ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ(‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٥-١‬ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺎﺘﻲ)‪-:(١٢‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ )ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻲ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺘﺄﻟﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻘﻕ ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼﻟﻪ ﺠﻤﻊ ﻭﺨﺯﻥ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﻤﻨﻅﻡ ﻴﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻨﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ( ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺴﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺤﺩﺍﺜﻲ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺨﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺒﻁﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ)‪ (١٣‬ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ‬

‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺘﻜﺘﻤل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺠﺎﻫﺯﺍ ﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻫﻭﻙ‬
‫‪ ١-٢‬ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎل ﺍﻟﻰ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺩﺨﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘﻭل ﻭﺼﻔﻭﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺠﺎﻫﺯﺓ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺠﻤﻌﺕ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎ‬
‫ﻻﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻭ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻭﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻀﻤﺕ )‪ (٢٤‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ )ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻕ ‪ (١‬ﻤﺅﻟﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﻤل ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻬﺘﻡ ﺒﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪-:‬‬

‫ﺃ( ﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬

‫‪ ID (١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻤﺘﺴﻠﺴل ﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﻟﻜل ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ B.Code (٢‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻭ )ﺭﻗﻡ ﻭﺤﺭﻑ( ﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﺭﻤﺯﹰﺍ ﻟﻜل ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ F.Code (٣‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺭﻗﻡ ﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﺭﻤﺯﹰﺍ ﻟﻜل ﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻭﻴﺤﺘل ﻤﺭﺘﺒﺘﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ‪.B.Code‬‬
‫‪ A.Code (٤‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺭﻗﻡ ﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﺭﻤﺯﹰﺍ ﻟﻜل ﺸﻘﺔ ﻭﻴﺤﺘل ﻤﺭﺘﺒﺘﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ‪.F.Code‬‬

‫ﺏ( ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻜل ﺍﺴﺭﺓ‪-:‬‬

‫‪ (١‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﻴﻥ ﻓﻌﻼ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﻨﺎﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﻴﺔ)∗(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻻﻁﻔﺎل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻻﻁﻔﺎل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻤﻥ ‪ ٤٥ – ١٥‬ﺴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻭﻕ ‪ ٦٥‬ﺴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٥‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٦‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٧‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻁﻠﻴﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٨‬ﺩﺨل ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٩‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﺩﻴﺎﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪٦‬‬
 ‫‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺠـ( ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺸﺨﺎﺹ‪-:‬‬

‫‪ ID (١‬ﺭﻗﻡ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻟﻜل ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ )ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ‪ (point‬ﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻻﺸﺨﺎﺹ‪.‬‬
‫‪ P.Code (٢‬ﺭﻗﻡ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻟﻜل ﺸﺨﺹ)∗∗(‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٢-٢‬ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﻫﻭﻙ – ﻀﻤﻥ ﺤﻲ ﻤﺎﺯﻱ )ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ( )ﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،(١‬ﺘﻀﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺤﻘﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺎﺘﻲ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺍﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ )‪ (Arcview3.3‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻗﻴﻡ )‪ (Digitizing‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺒﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﻤﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻀﻠﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫)‪ (Polygons‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻘﺔ )‪ (Layer‬ﺍﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻤﻲ ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻴﺎﺕ ‪. Building theme‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺍﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ‪ theme‬ﺁﺨﺭ ﻟﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺒﻕ ﻭﺴﻤﻲ ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺒﻕ ‪Floor theme‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻠﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻴﻀﺎ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻠﻌﺎﺕ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺒﻠﻭﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻠﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﺍﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ‪ theme‬ﺁﺨﺭ ﻟﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﻭﺴﻤﻲ ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ‪Apartment‬‬
‫‪ theme‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻠﻌﺎﺕ )‪ (Polygons‬ﺍﻴﻀﺎ ﻭﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺒﻠﻭﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺒﻕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٥‬ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ )‪ (Points‬ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻻﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻀﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﺩ‬
‫)‪.(view‬‬
‫‪ (٦‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ‪ ٦-٣‬ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺒﻔﺘﺢ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﻜل ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﻠﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ‬
‫)‪ (ID‬ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻭ )‪ (shape‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٧‬ﺍﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺤﻘﻭل ﺍﻟﻰ ﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺤﺴﺏ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺘﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ‪table‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ ‪ Start Editing‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ‪ Edit‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ ‪ Add Field‬ﻓﻴﻔﺘﺢ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺤﻭﺍﺭ ﻴﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻘل )ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ( ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻤﺎ ‪ number‬ﺍﻭ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺭﻑ ‪ string‬ﺍﻭ ‪ Boolean‬ﺍﻭ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪.Date‬‬
‫‪ (٨‬ﺍﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪٧‬‬
 ‫‪ ٣-٢‬ﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻗﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺤﺼﺭ ﻭﺘﺭﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ )ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ( ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺒﻕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺭﻗﻡ ﻜﺴﺭﻱ ﻟﻜل ﻭﺤﺩﺓ )ﺸﻘﺔ( ﻤﺅﻟﻑ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺘﻪ ﺭﻗﻡ ﻟﻠﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻭﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﺨﻴﺭ ﻟﻠﺸﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺜﻼ ﺒﻨﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﺅﻟﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻁﻭﺍﺒﻕ ﻭﻜل‬
‫ﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻴﺘﺄﻟﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻼﺙ ﺸﻘﻕ ﻓﺎﻟﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣/٢/١‬ﺒﺸﻜل ﻜﺴﺭ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻜﺴﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻕ)∗∗∗∗(‪.‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺭﻤﺯ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺘﺨﺼﻴﺼﻪ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻴﻀﺎ ﺍﺩﺍﺓ ﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺤﺼﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻁﻭﺍﺒﻕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺴﺎﻜﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ‪-:‬‬

‫‪ (١‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﺍﺼﻔﺎﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﺴﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﺜل‬
‫‪ 001‬ﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻁﻭﺍﺒﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‪-:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬

‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬

‫ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ )ﻜﻭﺩ( ‪ 0010102‬ﻭﻴﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺒﻨﻔﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺸﺭ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ‪. 02501003‬‬

‫‪ (٢‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﻗﺎﻡ‪-:‬‬

‫ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﻜل ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺤﺭﻓﺎ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍ ﻭﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺒﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻤﺎ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻻﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪05‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬

‫ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ )ﻜﻭﺩ( ‪ K0502‬ﻭﻴﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺒﻕ ﺍﻴﻀﺎ ﺤﺭﻭﻓﺎ ﺒﺩﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﻀﻠﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺅﻟﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭ ﻻﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻻﺒﺠﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ‪K3, K2,‬‬
‫‪ ...K1‬ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﺴﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﻜل ﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺴﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﺨﺹ ﻭﺤﺴﺏ ﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺜﻼ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ )‪ (00101021‬ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ )‪ (K05021‬ﺃﻱ ﺒﺎﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ‪.‬‬

‫‪٩‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻨﺸﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻴﻀ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺩﺨﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻭﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻥ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟــ ‪ GIS‬ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺨﺯﻥ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ ﻜﻡ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻤﺜﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ‪ Arcview3.3‬ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻼﻡ ‪Query‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﻋﻥ ﻤﺠﺎﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻴﻭﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻭﺘﺘﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ‪ Table‬ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ‪ Query‬ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (١‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﻀﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (١‬ﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﻫﻭﻙ ‪٢٠٠٧‬‬
‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﺒﺎﻻﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫‪٤٥‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٤٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﺭ ﺍﻵﺸﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﺭ ﺍﻻﺭﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﻁﻔﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ )‪(٦‬‬
‫‪٦٩‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻁﻠﻴﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬
‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺤﺎﻤﻠﻲ ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﻟﻭﺭﻴﻭﺱ‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ‪Data retrieval‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﻱ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻤﺜل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﻭﺘﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﺭ‬
‫‪ Identify‬ﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺸﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻔﺄﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﻭﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪) (٢‬ﻜﻤﺜﺎل( ﺘﺨﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ‪٠٠٣٠١٠١‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٢‬ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ‪٠٠٣٠١٠١‬‬

‫‪١٠‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻀﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫‪٠٠٣٠١٠١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺓ‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﻨﺎﺙ‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﻁﻔﺎل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﻁﻔﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻤﻥ ‪ ٤٥ – ١٥‬ﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٠‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻭﻕ ‪ ٦٥‬ﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٠‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ‬
‫‪٠‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻁﻠﻴﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬
‫‪٣٠٠٠٠٠‬‬ ‫ﺩﺨل ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭﻱ‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻑ‬
‫ﻤﺴﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﺎﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻜﻭﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪(٣‬ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ‪Thematic maps‬‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻋﻤل ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺘﺨﺹ ﻤﻭﺍﻀﻴﻊ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺃﻱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻨﺤﻭل ﻜل ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ) ‪ (Legend type‬ﻤﺜل ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻔﺭﺩﺓ ‪Unique value‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﻟﻭﻨﻲ ‪Graduated color‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺭﻤﺯ ﻤﻔﺭﺩ ‪Single symbol‬‬

‫‪١١‬‬
 ‫‪ (٤‬ﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﺭﻤﺯﻱ ‪Graduated symbol‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﻤل ﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺢ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ‪ Theme‬ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ‪ Edit Legend‬ﺜﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺤﺩ ﺍﻻﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ )‪ (٢‬ﻭ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭ )‪ (٤‬ﻭ )‪ (٥‬ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩل‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ) ‪ (File‬ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ )‪ (statistics‬ﻓﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﺤﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﺤﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٢‬ﺍﻻﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﻟﻮﺭﻳﻮﺱ‬

‫اﻻﺷﺨﺎص‬
‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٠‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻘﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎرات‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻮارع‬

‫‪١٢‬‬
 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٣‬ﺍﻻﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻠﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬

‫اﻻﺷﺨﺎص‬
‫‪ ٤٠ ٢٠‬م‬ ‫‪٠‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻘﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎرات‬

‫اﻟﺸﻮارع‬

‫‪١٣‬‬
 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﺑـ )‪ (٥‬ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﺎﻛﺜﺮ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻘﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎرات‬

‫‪ ٤٠ ٢٠‬م‬ ‫‪٠‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻮارع‬

‫‪١٤‬‬
 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٥‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻖ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﻧﺔ‬

‫ﺷﻘﻖ ﻓﺎرﻏﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫‪ ٤٠ ٢٠‬م‬ ‫‪٠‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎرات‬
‫اﻟﺸﻮارع‬

‫‪١٥‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻤﻜﻥ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺘﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺠﻤﻊ ﻭﺨﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻤﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻭﺒﺩﻗﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﺫﺍﻥ ﻴﺒﺫﻻﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﻜﻡ ﻫﺎﺌل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ )ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻜﻥ( ﻟﻨﻤﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﻟﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺼﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺎﺘﻲ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﻓﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻤﺩﻴﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺤﺼﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﺩﺨﺎل ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ ﺍﻻﺤﺼﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﻫﻭﻙ ﻭﺨﺼﻭﺼ ﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺌﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‪.‬‬

‫‪١٦‬‬
 ‫ﻤﻠﺤﻕ )‪(١‬‬
‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬

‫‪F.code‬‬

‫‪١٧‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻣﺶ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺯﺍﻤﻲ ﻋﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪ ،٢٠٠٤ ،٣‬ﺹ‪.١٤٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺹ‪.١٠٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺸﺤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺼﻔﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪،٢٠٠٢ ،٢‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺼﻔﻭﺡ ﺨﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻫﺠﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪ ،٢٠٠٠ ،١‬ﺹ‪.١١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪،١٩٧٨ ،٣‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٢٧٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻋﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪،٢٠٠٦ ،١‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٨٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺹ‪.٨٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻗﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻴﻜﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ – ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﺅﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪،٢٠٠٣ ،١‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٧١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻤﺯﻜﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﺎﻨﻜﻴﺵ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‪ ،٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﺹ‪.٤٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻨﺒﻴل ﺭﻭﻓﺎﺌﻴل ﻭﺁﺨﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ )ﺍﺴﺱ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‪ ،١٩٩٥ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻋﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٨٤‬‬
‫‪(12) Robert Laurini, Information system for urban planning, A hypermedia co-‬‬
‫‪operative approach, New York, 2001, p.44.‬‬
‫‪(13) Paul A.longly et.al, Geographic information systems and scince, John Wily and‬‬
‫‪sons, England, 2001, p.236.‬‬
‫)∗( ﺘﻡ ﺃﺨﺫ ﻓﺌﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺩﺩﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺝ ﻜل ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)∗∗( ﺴﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟــ ‪ Code‬ﺭﻗﻤﺎ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺠﻤﻊ ‪ B.Code‬ﻤﻊ ‪ A.Code‬ﻭ ‪ F.Code‬ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺠﺩﻭل‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻴﻥ ﻴﺴﻜﻥ ﻜل ﺸﺨﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫) ∗∗∗∗( ﺍﺨﺫﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﺤﺼﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺩﻫﻭﻙ‪.‬‬
‫‪(14) U.N, Handbook on Geographic Information systems and digital mapping, New‬‬
‫‪York, 2000, P.30.‬‬

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