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IR Absorption Frequencies of Functional Groups

This document provides a summary of characteristic infrared absorption frequencies of common organic functional groups. It lists the type of vibration, characteristic absorption ranges in wavenumbers (cm-1), and intensity for functional groups including alcohols, alkanes, alkenes, alkyl halides, alkynes, amines, aromatics, carbonyls, ethers, nitriles, and nitro compounds. More detailed information is given for carbonyl group frequencies in compounds such as acids, aldehydes, amides, anhydrides, esters, ketones, and aryl ketones. References for more comprehensive infrared spectral interpretation are also cited.

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288 views3 pages

IR Absorption Frequencies of Functional Groups

This document provides a summary of characteristic infrared absorption frequencies of common organic functional groups. It lists the type of vibration, characteristic absorption ranges in wavenumbers (cm-1), and intensity for functional groups including alcohols, alkanes, alkenes, alkyl halides, alkynes, amines, aromatics, carbonyls, ethers, nitriles, and nitro compounds. More detailed information is given for carbonyl group frequencies in compounds such as acids, aldehydes, amides, anhydrides, esters, ketones, and aryl ketones. References for more comprehensive infrared spectral interpretation are also cited.

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tarhuni
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Characteristic IR Absorption Frequencies of Organic Functional Groups

Functional
Type of
Characteristic
Intensity
Group
Vibration
Absorptions (cm-1)
Alcohol
O-H
O-H
C-O

Alkane
C-H

(stretch,
H-bonded)

3200-3600

strong, broad

(stretch)

1050-1150

strong

(stretch, free)

3500-3700

strong, sharp

-C-H

stretch

bending

2850-3000
1350-1480

variable

=C-H

stretch

3010-3100

medium

stretch

1620-1680

variable

C-F

stretch

1000-1400

strong

C-Br

stretch

500-600

strong

Alkene
=C-H
C=C

Alkyl Halide
C-Cl
C-I

Alkyne
C-H

bending

stretch
stretch
stretch

675-1000

600-800
500

3300

strong

strong

strong
strong
strong,sharp

stretch

2100-2260

variable, not present in symmetrical


alkynes

N-H

stretch

3300-3500

C-N

N-H

stretch

bending

1080-1360

medium (primary amines have two


bands; secondary have one band, often
very weak)

C-H

stretch

3000-3100

Amine

Aromatic
C=C

stretch

1600

1400-1600

medium-weak
medium
medium

medium-weak, multiple bands

Analysis of C-H out-of-plane bending can often distinguish substitution patterns

Carbonyl
C=O

Ether
C-O

Detailed Information on Carbonyl IR

stretch

1670-1820

strong

stretch

1000-1300 (10701150)

strong

(conjugation moves absorptions to lower wave numbers)

Nitrile
CN

stretch

2210-2260

medium

N-O

stretch

1515-1560 & 13451385

strong, two bands

Nitro

IR Absorption Frequencies of Functional Groups Containing a Carbonyl (C=O)


Functional
Type of
Characteristic Absorptions
Intensity
Group
Vibration
(cm-1)
Carbonyl
C=O

stretch

1670-1820

strong

C=O

stretch

1700-1725

strong

C-O

stretch

1210-1320

Acid
O-H

Aldehyde
C=O

=C-H

(conjugation moves absorptions to lower wave numbers)


stretch
stretch

2500-3300

strong, very broad

1740-1720

strong

strong

stretch

2820-2850 & 2720-2750

medium, two peaks

C=O

stretch

1640-1690

strong

N-H

bending

1550-1640

C=O
C=O

Amide

3100-3500

unsubstituted have two


bands

stretch

1800-1830 & 1740-1775

two bands

stretch

1735-1750
1000-1300

strong

two bands or more

acyclic

stretch

1705-1725

strong

cyclic

stretch

a,b-unsaturated

stretch

N-H

Anhydride
Ester
C-O

Ketone

aryl ketone

stretch

stretch

stretch

3-membered - 1850
4-membered - 1780
5-membered - 1745
6-membered - 1715
7-membered - 1705
1665-1685
1680-1700

strong
strong
strong

A good general reference for more detailed information on interpretation of infrared spectra (as
well as other spectroscopic techniques) is Silverstein, R.M.; Bassler, G.C.; and Morrill, T.C.
Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons,
1981. QD272.S6 S55
A more complete listing of functional group absorption frequencies ma be found in: Nakanishi,
Koji Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy. QD95.N383

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