2 {API leconusnoeo Practice 2X Reject Ye oe 14 Acbumulative Me wi, in Incivicuat a faws Accept For complete penetration welds in one-sided T.K, & Y tubular connections made without backing Discontinuites in the root bead of Details Cand 0 of Figure 12, are tobe disregarded cnr neem Lenath in sop Figure 48—T, K, and Y Root Defects 8 Technical Recommendations for Magnetic Particle Testing 8.1 APPLICABILITY OF MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION TO OFFSHORE STRUCTURES, Surface-breaking toe-of-the-weld imperfections are detr- mental to in-service fatigue performance. Wet and dry mag- netic particle (MTT) examination is well suited to the detection of such surface-breaking imperfections in these areas, and can also sometimes be used as a proof test for visual and ultrasonic indications found in ferromagnetic structures, 8.2 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS ‘The MT technique deseribed detects short, shallow sur- face flaws such as cracks and incomplete fusion. The sensi- tivity of the technique, when correctly performed by qualified personnel, is such that Ye inch (6 millimeters) long by 'Sr-inch (0.8-millimeter) nonvisual {typically less than Yiae-inch (2-microns)] wide surface-breaking. imperfec- tions can be detected. ‘The advantages of the technique are that the surface mag- netic field level in the inspected area may be checked very sim- ply with a pie gauge or other magnetic field indicator while the field is continuous, and the technique may be performed hough painted surfaces where proven performance can be demonstrated. The MT technique may also be conducted in the residual magnetic induction following magnetization. In addition to inspecting the final weld, MT can be used to inspect root and intermediate passes on large cross-sec- tional welds. By using dry powders, the technique may be applied while the weld is still hot. However, there is @ decrease in ferromagnetic behavior as the temperature rises, which should be taken into account. Limitations of the technique are that imperfections must be initially clean and dry, and the area must be magnetized in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the open- ing of the imperfection. This may generally involve apply- ing magnetization in at least two perpendicular directions. ‘The inspected material must be ferromagnetic. 8.3 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION AND. APPROVAL ‘The following applies concerning procedure qualification, and approval of magnetic particle testing: a. Written MT examination procedures should be prepared by the NDE specialist, approved by the owner, and continue in force until cause is shown to question their validity. , The following list of essential variables should be cov- cred in the written procedure: 1. Type of weld to be examined. 2. Type of magnetizing equipment, including type of current employed, and the use of residual induction (if employed). Surface preparation 4, Examination sequence. 5. Magnetization plan, 6. Magnetic field direction for continuous method. Magnetic field strength at inspection location during continuous magnetization. 8. Magnetic particle type—wet or dry—and color con- trast with inspected area, 9. Interpretation of indications. 10, Acceptance criteria 11, Reporting form(s) and procedure. c. An evaluation of the system performance and sensitivity should be demonstrated prior to the beginning of any testing work. This may be included within the written procedure. 4, Variations from the accepted procedure should be taken «as cause for re-qualification of the procedure.UUctRAsoNic AND MAGNETIC EXMRUmION OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURAL FABRCATION AND GUDELINESFOR QUALFICATONOF TECHNCAKS 43, 8.4 Equipment 8.4.1 Technique For this practice, the continuous method which employs alternating current (AC) electromagnetic yoke (double leg, or single leg configuration) with either dry white-light-vist- ble or wet magnetic particles should be used. The inspected surface shall be cleaned where necessary and covered with a light contrast coating (typically white-contrast paint less than 0.002 inches thick). The method requires that the ‘examination take place while the magnetizing current is on, including application of particles, removal of excess parti cles, and indication interpretation, Rectified AC (in other words, DC) and residual induction methods may also be ‘employed as a check on the continuous AC method whereby further confidence in the results is gained. 8.4.2 Yokes 8.4.2.1 Yoke Selection ‘Yokes shall be of the AC or DC (rectified AC) articulat- ing-leg type to allow for the inspection of various geome- tries. A single-leg yoke can be used in areas of tight access. Fixed-leg yokes should not be employed. AG yokes should have a lifting power of at least 10 pounds (22 kilograms) when the legs are spaced at the inspection distance. DC yokes should have a lifting power of 40 pounds (88 kilo- ‘grams) when the legs are spaced at the inspection distance. 8.4.2.2 Magnetizing Field Terminology for Yoke Inspection Since lines of flux run generally longitudinally between the poles of a yoke (see Figure 49), the term longitudinal ‘magnetization will be employed in this document to describe this situation, Flux lines flow radially in the part from a single leg yoke (Figure 50); and the term radial mag. znetization is used in this document to describe this situation. 8.4.2.3 Magnetizing Inspection ield rection During Yoke Field direction is important because the strongest mag- netic flux leakage fields from imperfections are produced when the lines of flux crass the discontinuity perpendicu- larly. Indications will not generally be produced when the lines of magnetic flux run parallel to the discontinuity 8.4.2.4 Verification of Performance and Sensitivity ‘Yokes should be routinely tested as described in 8.6 to censure that the required magnetization performance and sensitivity levels are met during inspection, 8.4.3 Magnetizing Current From 50 hertz to 60 hertz AC electro-magnetization is optimal for detection of surface-breaking discontinuities and will be used as the primary method in this recom- mended practice. AC causes a “skin effect” which restricts the magnetizing field to the part surface, and creates good particle mobility. System sensitivity is checked with a suit- ably located pie gauge In wet condition, a suitable ground fault interrupter shall be used with AC in order to ensure proper safety for the technician against electrical shock ‘On many yokes, the current may be changed from AC to rectified AC (that is, DC). This is useful for deeper penetra- tion of the magnetizing field into the part and for establish- ing residual induction if itis desired that MT be performed under these conditions. 8.4.4 Magnetic Particle Material and Application ‘The particles shall be non-toxic, finely divided high-per- meability ferromagnetic material with low retentivity and a suitable size range. Dry particles shall have 75 percent (wt) finer than a 120 ASTM sieve mesh, 2 minimum of 15 per- cent (wt) dry particles being finer than 325 ASTM sieve size, Their color shall be selected to provide high contrast to the background on which they are to be applied. Particles shall be free from rust, fillers, or other material that could interfere with their use. “Magnetic particle materials shall be used only once. Particle application and removal equipment (that is, pow- der bulbs, aerosol sprays) shall be such that fine indications are not removed by excessive force. A powder bulb with ‘many Y:-inch holes is optimal. 8.4.5 Lighting Lighting requirements are as follows: ‘4. Adequate “white light” shall be provided for observation of particle indications. White light may include natural day- light, or tungsten, or fluorescent lights. Since inadequate lighting can degrade visual acuity, the inspector should ‘check the contrast between the particle indications and the background when working in artificial light 'b. A minimum of 100 foot-candles (1000 Tux) shall be present at the inspection location. This should be measured with a calibrated light meter. ¢. Since flashlights generally do not provide sufficient illumina- tion, yoke-mountable lamps are recommended where necessary. d. Adequate white light (> 100 foot-candles) is also required for the performance of visual inspection at mag- netic particle indication sites, ce, For verification of lighting level, lighting requirements, should be routinely tested (see 8.6) to ensure that minimum lighting conditions are met.“4 [API Recouenoeo Pracnce 2X Figure 49—Longitudinal Field Produced by Electromagnetic Yoke Setup 8.5 EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE *8.5.1 Examination Plan and Acceptance Criteria ‘A written examination plan should be developed accord- ing to the geometry of the pieces to be inspected, yoke application, light levels, accessibility, safety, and other fa tors which could affect system performance. Examinations should always be conducted with sufficient overlap to ensure 100 percent coverage. However, if the geometry of the piece does not permit the inspector to perform 100 per- cent evaluation of the piece, this information must be made available on the repor to the owner. Unless otherwise specified, the owner shall specify the areas and percentages of the part to be examined by MT. The owner ‘may ask the contractor to submit a practice of identifying (naming) specific joints to be inspected. On certain welds, it may be desirable to require inspection starting and finishing points to be marked. The owner should specify whether the weld to be examined shall be temporarily or permanently ‘marked with a marking technique that is approved by the ‘owner. The owner should also specify any acceptance criteria for the test in the examination plan. (Typically, any linear dis- continuity is rejectable. However, the owner may also define reportable limits of other weld conditions.) “The location and specific area of coverage for the MT inspector should be verified and referenced to the examina- tion plan or drawings, and should be referenced on the MT general report. The examination plan should also include the technique. ‘Typically, two options exist forthe detection of fabrication discontinuities, as follows: a. MT for both longitudinal and transverse discontinuities (see Figures 53 and 54). b. MT in one discontinuity direction only During fabrication, the MT inspection should check for discontinuities at all angles, withthe part being magnetized in atleast two perpendicular directions. For in-service inspection, the major class of discontinui ties that occur on fixed offshore structures are longitudinal toe cracks, and in order to maximize inspection efficiency, the owner may specify that MT be performed for such dis- continuities and directions, 8.5.2. Identification and Marking of Welds ‘The owner may specify, or ask the testing agency to sub- mit, a practice for identifying (naming) specific joints inspected, (On certain welds it may be desirable to mark inspection starting points, or areas of relevant indications. The owner should specify whether the weld to be examined should be temporarily or permanently marked. Marking techniques should be approved by the owner. If permanently marked, the marking should be sufficient to retain its identify until after final evaluation and subse- quent evaluations. It is recommended that materials tested and found to have relevant discontinuities be permanently marked to facilitate relocation and re for repair purposes. A low stress “arrow” stamp is recommended for this purpose. Speemryryen se[Ucrnasonic ano MAGNeic ExAMNUATON OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURAL FABRICATION ANO GUIDELINES FOR QUALCATIONOF TeciwwciANS 45 Figure 50—Radial Field Produced by “Single-Leg” Electromagnetic Setup 8.5.3 Surface Preparation 8.5.3.1 Surface Condition Proper surface condition is essential to MT. All welds should be inspected visually for detection of gross imper- fections and demarcation of the area to be cleaned before the application of any paint or coating. ‘Cleaning to bare metal prior to MT cen be accomplished by grinding, sand blasting, water blasting, wire brushing, needle scalers, hand scraping, or a combination of these. (Cleaning removes weld splatter, rust, and any existing paint, but should not be sufficiently powerful to close potential indications. "Welds to be inspected in the “as-welded” condition shall be dey and free from contaminant materials such as dir, grease, ‘and weld splatter, A light coating of contrast paint shall be applied to assist in defection of smaller imperfections. 8.5.3.2 Painted Material Welds which have been painted for other reasons shall have the coating removed unless adequate sensitivity to MT can be demonstrated. Typically, a paint thickness in excess of 0.006 inch may reduce the sensitivity of MT by the AC ‘yoke method to an unacceptable level. It is often necessary to remove the coating only in the area of interest, typically the weld and heat affected zone. ‘Where uncertainty of the coating thickness exists, it should be checked with a calibrated dry file thickness gauge. Calibration should be performed to be accurate within the range to be measured. 8.5.4 Yoke Placement and Leg Orientation See Figures 49, 50, $3, 54, 55, 56, and 57 for yoke place- ‘ment and leg orientations. To be inspected in the longitudi- nal direction, the yoke should be astride and perpendicular to the weld. For inspecting the weld to be inspected in the transverse direction, the yoke should be oriented so that itis. basically parallel to the weld, 8.5.4.1. Examination for Longitudinal Discontinuities with a Yoke Figures 51 and 55 show preferred methods of placement of the yoke when inspecting a F-connection. A similar yoke con- figuration should be used when inspecting a Y-connection. ‘The effective inspection area is the weld between the yoke legs, and a lateral area of approximately 1-5 inches G8 millimeters) on each side of the centerline of the yoke legs. The total effective area of linear weld cover- age for one position of the yoke is approximately 3 inches (76 millimeters). This effective area is dependent upon the leg spacing and part geometry which determines the tangential magnetic field strength at the part surface. This can be quantified by the use of an electronic Hall- effect gauss meter (tesla meter). (See 8.6.) ‘Sufficient overlap should be used to ensure 100 percent coverage when moving along the weld length. Yoke move-“6 [API RecouweNoe® Practice 2X Placement fr longitusnalinsications: yoke and single leg "dragged" for each ‘parate inspection Placement for transverse indications; yoke positioned to overlap previous Inspection Figure 51—Magnetization Pian Setups Eight low-carbon ste : as essa sections, ‘Nonferrous handle of any ccorwenient length Braze weld or mechanically attach nonferrous trunnions Figure 52—Illustration of API-Recommended Magnetic Field Indicator ‘ment in 2-inch (SO millimeter) intervals should ensure ade- quate overlap. ‘The yoke legs should be positioned such that they are approximately 1 inch to %-in. (25-12 millimeters) from the toe of the weld. This places a strong magnetic field strength at the toe of the weld, the area of highest predicted disconti- ruity occurrence. In testing the weld, the yoke may be dragged slowly over the inspection area. However, when inspecting Y-connections, adjustments to the yoke legs will be necessary to make sure that the legs have good contact ‘with the surrounding base metal. 8.5.4.2 Examination for Longitudinal Discontinuities With a Single-Leg Yoke ‘When inspecting in the longitudinal direction, one may not be able to gain access to all locations, for example, the 4 “4 Lrasonec ato MAGNETIC EXAURATON OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURAL FABRICATION AO GUDELNES FOR QuAuRicATIONCE TecHaciaNS 47 t —] |_| Etfectve inspection area should equal 20 Oe of 'be able to produce indications on a magnetic eld indicator ) Longitudinal indication Figure 53—Electromagnetic Yoke Setup for Detection of Longitudinal Discontinuities heel and toe zones of a tubular Y-connection. In these loca- tions a single-leg method may be used. This places 2 radial field inthe part (see Figure 50). ‘This may be accomplished by moving one leg out of the way to gain access, Acceptable results can be obtained when the yoke leg is aid flat against the area being inspected (see Figures 56 and 57). In this configuration, the effective inspection area should be surveyed with a Halleffect gauss meter (tesla meter). ‘The single leg should be placed % inch (12 millimeters) from the weld. The total effective inspection area may be as litle as one square inch in front of the leg. For this reason, it may be necessary to place the single leg on the base metal ‘on each side of the toe of the weld in order to assure that an adequate magnetization has occurred. Sufficient overlap should be used to assure 100 percent coverage when moving along the weld length; movement in Verinch intervals should assure adequate inspection overlap. 8.5.4.3 Inspection for Transverse Discontinuities With a Yoke “Transverse indications are best detected when the weld is scanned with the yoke legs parallel to the weld and approxi- tnately #4 in. (12 millimeters) from the toe. If the yoke has to be placed on top ofthe weld to gain access, the technician should ensure the best contact possible of the yoke legs to the weld (see Figure 54), “The effective area will be the weld between the yoke legs ‘A.4-inch (100 millimeter) leg spacing is recommended. Suf- ficient overlap can be achieved by moving the yoke to a position which overlaps the last position by at least 1 inch (25 millimeter) If the weld is extremely wide [greater than 2 inches (50 millimeters), it may be necessary to inspect by placement of the yoke on both sides of the weld. 8.5.5 Application of Particles 8.5.5.1. Dry Particles Dry particles shall be applied in such a manner that a light, uniform, dust-like coating of particles settles on the part while it is being magnetized. The MT personnel should observe for particle indications being formed as the powder is being applied, and while the excess is being removed. ‘Care must be taken in removing excess particles, so that fine, or weakly held indications are not removed. However, sufficient velocity must be directed at the area of inspection to remove the excess particles that are not primarily held by magnetic flux leakage from discontinuities, but rather by mechanical entrapment in areas such as wéld undercut and vunder-bid. If DC excitation is used, indications may remain in resid- ual induction 8.5.5.2 Wet Particles When using the wet method, excess particles are usually removed by gravitational drainage. Therefore when working con a flat surface, care must be taken to produce a back- ground that does not produce excessive particle background, ‘which can cause false indications.48 API Recommenoeo Practice 2X should equal 20 Oe or i produc indications on a field indicator Figure 54—Electromagnetic Yoke Setup for Detection of Transverse Discontinuities Particle removal velocity should be determined by use of ‘@ magnetic field indicator (pie gauge), or by the use of a test specimen, If DC excitation is used, indications may remain in resid- val induction, 8.6 EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE CHECKS (STANDARDIZATION) AND EVALUATION OF SYSTEM SENSITIVITY The performance and sensitivity of a magnetic particle inspection (that is, the combination of magnetizing and illu- minating equipment, magnetic particle material, the sequence of operations, and the like) should be monitored at regular intervals to assure the required performance level. The tests to be discussed in this section should be performed at the following times: a. Prior to cach examination. b. Atthe end of each examination. ©. Any time that the MT personnel and/or owner feel that ‘conditions have changed which might affect the sensitivity of the MT technique. ‘The following MT performancelsensitivity parameters should be checked prior to performing any examination and should be documented by a written procedure. This is some- times referred to as standardization: a Yoke magnetizing strength b. Yoke set-up. ¢. Field Direction, d. Magnetic Particle performance. ¢. Excess particle removal force. £. Lighting at inspection surface. 8.6.1 Yoke Magnetizing Strength ‘To check yoke magnetizing strength, proceed as follows: 4 Check that the AC yoke will lift a 10-pound (2.2-kilo- ‘gram) steel bar with the legs atthe inspection spacing. b. Check that the DC yoke will lift a 40-pound (8.8-kilo- ‘Bram) stee! bar with the legs atthe inspection spacing. ©. Note that 2-Ieg or I-leg yoke should produce clearly defined indications on a magnetic field indicator (pie ‘gauge—see Figure $2 in the area of inspection). The indica- tion must remain after excess particles have been removed. ‘A two-leg or one-leg yoke should produce a minimum of 30 Oersted (24 Amperes/centimeter) in air in the area of inspection (see Figures 53 and 54). The field strength that is tangential to the inspected surface may be measured with a suitably calibrated Hall-ffect gauss (tesla) meter. Field distribution plots of iso-magnetic lines can be made for various yoke and part configurations in order to verify the inspection area envelope. 8.6.2 Yoke Set Up ‘A magnetic field indicator should be used to verify each yoke set-up, Clearly defined magnetic particle indications ‘must appear on the indicator prior to inspection.Ucrrasceu ano Maawenc Examnumon oF OFFSHORE STRICTURAL FABRICATION ANO GUDELINES FOR QUALIRCATONO TECHNICS 49, Incorrect positon Correct position Figure 55—Incorrect and Correct Electromagnetic Yoke Setup for T and Y Joint Connections 8.6.3 Magnetizing Field Direction ‘A magnetic field indicator should be used to check the cor- rect orientation of the yoke relative to the field it produces and the direction of discontinuities that it can detect. The discont- sites on the field indicator should be placed in the same direc- sion asthe discontinuities in the weld required to be detected. 8.6.4 Magnetic Particle Performance Dry magnetic particles should be checked for compliance to the ASTM mesh condition (see Section 8.4.4) prior to starting an examination. Wet magnetic particle solution should be checked for compliance to manufacturer's optimal concentration level with a settling test at least once per day. Clear indications with each type of particle on the field indicator placed midway between the legs of a yoke located in a steel test surface should be observed. 86.5 Excess Particle Removal Force A field indicator should be used to adjust the force required to remove excess particles without removing indi- cations. However, specimens containing field-removed dis- continuities or fabricated discontinuities provide optimum ‘means to practice particle removal skills 8.6.6 Lighting Levels White light intensity should be verified at the inspection surface using a suitable light meter 8.6.7 Use of Field Removed Discontinuity Specimens Representative field-removed specimens with known discon- ‘iwites can provide a reliable means to quantify and evaluate the performance and sensitivity of a magnetic particle testing practice. The specimens and flaws should be of the types and severity normally encountered during fabrication. Such test specimens should be considered when evaluating testing ‘agency's performance and qualifying inspection personnel. 8.6.8 Use of Specimens With Manufactured Discontinuities Effective discontinuities for evaluating the performance of MT procedures or personnel can be manufactured by contaminating the weld pool of a weld test coupon with copper as the surface bead is being deposited. This can result ina fine network of eracks. &7 INTERPRETATION AND EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS Relevant MT indications result when magnetic flux leak- age (MFL) fields formed by discontinuities attracts and holds magnetic particles. Other MT indications caused by particles held by nonmagnetic forces or weak leakage fields, from weld geometry or permeability changes are termed false indications. MT indications incorrectly evaluated as ‘relevant indications are termed false positive indications. False indications are those which are held primarily by non-magnetic means, for example, mechanical entrapment in the toe of a weld. Typically, however, they will not pro- duce sufficient MFL to produce a relevant indication. This ‘occurs because of the following a The discontinuity geometry produces a low depth-to- width ratio. '. The flux lines flow beneath the discontinuity and those which do emerge generally have insufficient curvature to hold particles.50 API scoumenoco Précmice 2K If excess particles are not properly removed, the possibil- ity arises for false interpretation ‘The term non-relevant indication is often used in conven- tional MT to mean a particle indication which is held in place by magnetic attraction, but does not originate from a structural discontinuity. An example of this is the MT indi- cation formed at the boundary of two steels having signifi- cantly different magnetic permeabilities. Magnetic nonrelevant indications can be created by the hardened heat- affected zone of a weld, but can usually be identified by their diffuse nature. ‘Testing personnel should properly evaluate indications by the following a. Reevaluation of the indication by retesting with the yoke field perpendicular to the discontinuity indication if i is not already perpendicular. b, Retesting and ensuring that excess particles . are removed. If the suspect indication is removed during the retest, the indication is interpreted as not relevant, or as @ false indication. Typically relevant indications retain parti- cles afterall excess particles have been removed. ©. If the indication has a light particle buildup and weak particle adhesion, and if doubt exists as to whether the indi- cation is relevant or false, the area of the indication should be lightly surface-ground and retested. Conversely, care must be taken to ensure that relevant indications are not masked by nonrelevant ones. Overlap and undercut may cause relevant surface indica- tions, Both can cause problems by masking weld toe cracks. ‘They can be visually identified, producing a light MT in: cation, and can be interpreted and evaluated by light surface arinding ‘As commonly practiced, MT does not provide quantita- tive information regarding imperfection. For the purpose of this practice, an attempt should be made to provide particle buildup information as a function of discontinuity depth. A heavy buildup with strong adhesion of the particles almost always indicates a discontinuity depth greater than Ys-inch to Yu-inch (0.7 millimeter-1.5 millimeter). A fine buildup with light adhesion will typically indicate a hallower dis- continuity, or one which is in heavy compression. Light sur- face grinding of indications that have a fine buildup may provide relative information on the width of the discontinu- ity. Evaluation of whether the indication is in compression or tension should be performed by a qualified engineer. Indications may be qualitatively classed by depth as being shallow surface (less than Ysr-inch) or greater than shallow surface (greater than Y:-inch), ‘Any additional information pertinent to the indication should be detailed under the remarks section of the Mag- netic Particle Indication Form (Appendix D).. Al final evaluations should be performed by qualified Level II MT personnel who are also responsible for ensur- Figure 56—Acceptable Setup for Scanning with “Single-Leg" Electromagnetic Method Ettctve inspection area should | ‘equal 30 Os or be able to produce incicaions on a magnetic field indicator Longitudinal indication Figure 57—Single-Leg Electromagnetic Setup for Detection of Longitudinal Discontinuities ing that all required information is documented on the appropriate report form(s) ‘With proper grinding techniques, shallow surface cracks ‘or incomplete fusion can be ground out, making an effective repair. The following guidelines apply: a. Owner approval: grinding is a means to further interpret ‘and evaluate MT indications. Extreme caution should be taken to implement and use proper grinding techniques since improper grinding can create stress risers where sound, weld may have existed. Grinding should be approved by the fabricator and the owner. Sree TS ®a Ucrresonte ano Maanenc Exanation oF OFFSHORE STRUCTURAL FAGRICATON AND GUDELNES FOR QUALINCATION OF TeCHNCIANS St . Dimensional requirements: A maximum of Yieinch (1.5 rillimeter) metal removal is permitted unless otherwise specified by the owner. This will ensure that the proper weld size and profile remain and that stress risers are not induced at the grinding site. The grinding should be contoured, radi- ussed, and blended into the area of the weld and/or sur- rounding base metal. Grinding should be tapered for 2 inches (50 millimeters) past each end of the indication to ‘optimize metal contouring c. Type of grinders: pencil-type grinders with radiussed burrs are recommended. Grinding-wheel tools are accept- able, with small diameter and thickness wheels preferred. 4. Measurement of grind: the depth of the grind should be continuously checked during the grinding process with a calibrated mechanical measuring device. . Retest: all indications that are ground should be continu- ously reinspected with MT with the yoke in the same posi. tion as that which was used to detect the discontinuity. It may, however, be necessary to use magnetic particles of a different color in order to have good contrast with the newly ‘round metal 8.8 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ‘All relevant indications, as determined by MT (typically cracks or incomplete fusion) are rejectable regardless of length otherwise specified by the owner. All relevant indica- tions must be reported, 8.9 REPORTING 8.9.1 Recording and Documentation of Indications Permanent records of the locations of all relevant indica- tions (except those removed via grindings, etc., during the PTE ROLE REE AUNT T NE inspection process) shall be kept, and may be made by one of the following means: ‘a, Sketching the indication: The MT indication report form (Appendix D) requires sketches of indication location which, should include an overall location on the structure and a specific location on the part. ’, Photographing the indication: If required by the owner, the indication should also be documented as follows: 1. Wide-angle photograph or video of the overall area, 2. Close-up photograph or video of the MT indication. 3, Close-up photograph or video with MT indication removed, All such indications should be photographed against a white contrast background and contain a scale, and bear a ‘means which uniquely identifies the indication’s location, 8.9.2 Reports {A field report should be made available to the owner upon completion of the examinations. Level II MT personnel are considered to be responsible for ensuring that all necessary report requirements are completed before leaving the inspection site. The testing agency should retain a copy of the complete inspection report. The report should outline the following areas: ‘a, Welds inspected and MT technique used. (See the Mag- netic Particle Examination Report.) b. MT indications found, including interpretation. (See the Magnetic Particle Indication Report Form.) 89.3 Report Forms Forms listed in 8.9.2 are provided in Appendix D as guide- lines, and can be modified to meet the needs of the owner.