Scribd
Upload
541 views34 pages

Bosworth 1967 Islamic Dynasties 000 045

handbook on islamic history

Uploaded by

Shafqat Shakeeb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
541 views34 pages

Bosworth 1967 Islamic Dynasties 000 045

handbook on islamic history

Uploaded by

Shafqat Shakeeb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34
Islamic oO = nes if Edinburgh islamicSurveys 5 Islamic Surveys 5 CE Romer ‘Their Book the ai Sar sie Fact a expectation of pony. Veume ointment omen, nin fly present roughly donated, Pincay hey ‘Fitiatandinok fsa fry nd Eure Inge when the inporaee of cmpuatve ‘Sieokip Ave anlage dg, {Rou be woo mages ht eis bok for dune choral. Allies, edie nd oder wl ie ith stl ol Ante esto sas ben blk ino the ook for ‘ey ae bh fix Nain and Cin re Ee gen troaghout {i bok ln by ume te rer ofa he npn nat ech dine ib ‘Etowed by ef asesent of tioned gnc andy + ey sor boggy. A ened ane inden. 4 Sil selene das Lae Posk's ‘Mehenmedon Dna (9) a tally ving nacho Lara ret Moa (1937) i 20 Tonk les fall ofthe he progestin {Sc soil scolar in est era. ‘De Bowworis Peer of Arabi Sea the Univers of Manca 2 George Sqn, Eabargh 8 {Norham ent ‘Adie Pabiog Cormpaoy Spo Wet Adu Sy Cg Stas 258. net General Ea Islamic Philotphy 8 Theology WM. Wan 28 ‘Aral en eS od A History of iamie Law Rjoton 1 asa Courses in Contemporary Islam Kemi gy ate theta de Sissies any Sle ee SERES creel colo le ‘See ce area ome Eee sod incienejinetae [a etic ima EP hos Groh For information on thse & othr books 08 iam pase wrt 0 te pishere ot 23 Googe Sar, Edberg 8. ISLAMIC SURVEYS 5 THE ISLAMIC DYNASTIES “ achronologice ond seal! EDINBURGH atthe Univers Prse e wer (ior aman Boor 2 Geon Sst, Eiargh 8 ‘lk nein Aldine eb Cony so Wee Adan Ste, Cc faa ew Zand Hodder & Sinughon Liat Aen, Ook vere Post “nd. C Maza Sone Fo Ba N. Gra Bes 5 Son Prt in Gro inn by 1. $A. Conable Le, Ednbargh FOREWORD I apspthe prospect of war which woud involve many Asan lems mate men in postions of rexponaiiy in lain Seddely aware of be ape umber of oer expres Asian inna ele, The Sarbroogh Conmiewon ww st Sprand ia port lod a pent cxpanion of One od ‘Xtina in snare war oh thd dene afr Tospeveam remaking caro ver widningres readers S23 eso move han opal knowledge of too-Buropean cult In arc blossoming td cnc of mers Alcan sty nyo che ely Alin or ave a Mua of ste cmpasas he rowing pli imporance of the ans worl and 54 ‘ly te desbilty of extending sod deepening he under Sng and appecitn of tie semen fang, Sho sry cou or much tong oaks, and at Fappened ina or ysl b's ene our fanlany wi resent onto not eng here st ‘shobetomeswateneof how hepsthasmocle the parm “This ec of islamic survey degre to ge he ‘ced wade someting ore than a befound in best Poplar boks ach woe undeaes survey 2 pel part [eal nwo show the rset ee of colaip ere ‘Where ther s+ csr pete sis wil be given, but where theca gape obscure anddiflerencs of opinion, de wll ‘Tobe sa Fulland sonal bibligrpies word {nldance to tove who wan o pusue hel stds fre $F wil ano besome south mara eent of source materi The pesca volume dfs in some ways from he thers s0 fae pled dhough tay bead wo suey the presente ‘ot ourknoniedgr of sani chronology. Te ieton, how vey rer tit sould prove awe reference Dok to ‘tan clases of workers in del of ans Hor The tamltenton of Arb words suey hat ofthe sccond ito of he Emseopanof am (Lebde0 1965 ‘coming wih the modlctons. Two of ts are pormal Sein most Bris Arabi ney yo ean for. The thicl i something ofa novel. the fplanemen othe Faure sl show when to cnsonans eto be soded ‘ogee by anapontophershow wath we obesounded ‘ett. Thismeans hat aly yah ante Arie ‘ord he ao be edge tres an Spel oa ty we be unl ‘Rresponropbetn tinue cpeenis ao sums soe sel Ses eno an i he md 2 eannot be conse with the spoon repeating the hota stop (koma whch never scars bermeen to Sse. \W Montgomery Watt ‘THE CONTENTS Abbreinions wed Ieroduction Onin oi gia apt (hese ass 5 ARR al cuuaren two, Spin and Noth Afiea ot The Span Umayyads othe Rl Tao in Spin 6 The Naps or Bant-l-Abmar 47 The desis Ere nua 9 The Agha 12 The Zins and Hamm 11 The Almorwide or a-Murbin 12, The Almotads oral: Mawaia 15, The Matis and Wats 14 The Hats 1. The Shar of Moroso 16. The Sanday ‘artun-ranes. The Fertile Crscent: Egypt, Sy ed = ap The Tolan 18 The abs 19) The Finis 22. The Hamas The Marya 32 The Marnie 35 The "Upylids 3 The Midide Ty Theaya 5 Gusrran mows Thehengo 2S The hk 5 “The Meng or Chins un 37, Muhammad A ne e 56: The Mongol Gro Kins desenansof Opedey dnd Tay (na Syn of Chi cuarren foun The Abin peisla Diy Sosa : Starnes rovr, The Artin pa 6 2. The Caghnayis deeds of Chaghray 8 2th Yemen rRais means ee Ret x o> Tens of be ald Hor sansa The AT BOS, Sul of Musa ad he 0 Mes = ee ee (Th Shays descendant of Joc a es z 5 iy Kt oC cnt sh jal ws warren rive The lain well and he Cosciie See congeran wre Pessialer the Monge se Tous % Se Tin Moe 3): The Manito Sli or Kang x 2 36 The Reads = & The Tit 5p. the Shady 2 ‘6, The Gara Qoyunla 3h The Zs = The A oyna ~ 3p The Bis or Buvayhide 5 The Salts ‘P The Kays or abwayids 3 alee = The Tain gz ithe Zant © TheSims oe Fa The Qi The sae ‘ oreo 8 ‘ouanren en. Afghan india ee 7 The Ghana ws — Se & cenaprensr,Seusand A 3h The Dai Stans 13 of The Sha 74 The Bengal Satans 7 ete are i" the of ane 2 cr 7 2 The Slam ope % ‘5, Phe co egies a Frthe Sine Sula of Jone 2 one a peer eae x eee a Fie ime ba canon 2 cea egeoe en 3 ‘The Sauget an ee ‘The Kings of Alphanran = 5 The Dies 2 ee - $4 The Qraminds Pen : 3 spexas (4) Pononl umes 2 $9: The Oona oc Omens 3 BD yas peoples ae vi ABBREVIATIONS USED 1» 2nyepond of Tl ion (eden 1915-30) + Encclopoeif Tam, ton (Ges Lendon 19) all Raber «Hall Edie, Danie sanbal shen) yas = Marsed Journal dit States The Canta Na) in « Lla Aniopei (abl 1940) JA Jour Ati (Pais) $08 + Jernlof ti Americar Oral Soi see He finrn Conn) sas ~ Jul oft Real Aisi (London) Ju «FJ ranks Nonenbc(Maburg199) Line Pole Lane Pose Te Nokermade Bate (endon 9), Sela Si in Vernon ie Byte, dBkandangn er ‘rece ade tr Wain, Phi. Klas (Bei 933),No.t AnWaw » Sigunpleriche dr ier dado der ‘Wisencafen Pet Ki (Vienna) “ambaue-Evon Zanaue, Men de il ee leona pared Ito ‘isnver oan) owe « Zatch der Daehn Morgentandicher Gerling Btn) INTRODUCTION veg cole wh once wih hho of he aie ord nem he dor rab aw of og, ‘ovenon, an oer of but eras te Kaori of Eisai Europe as long bie rll ple wes aed sseton of tee ified he crater Hae 2 ach Sale fl of ie Tor lac sn, Snley Lane Pock’s The Mohan smadin mins cle end gold ‘etalon (Laton pss eae pone ‘ort aga of tae suitors earch Punt ouof he work onthe mich Nasco ot Etc and indian cm The svn niyo he Pe ad ‘pea toa Rususnrlaonhy Win Brill Mead ‘Rouk dpay (St Fes ipph'y cris peat ‘storm of Cena Ast appended a eb o sous ‘onecon Somermeny-Are ens lf or Die Sorat Msc aida rodcel Taka veo Bs Dowtainge Ian s)ge pntdin sec tes) wth gconurable ub of esos is “Fulu yacts of Als egln wih ne ope at trated oly ins cuory fie’ Rome the Cerna Ifans Ferd Jun had publishes rousces Nomasboch Giang ys The grea par aftroeeee ope taisarsnge dito of tan noma, brake ie doweedn exansve toxton (9. pnp) a geen ‘blr anon dyensberese coat tals ido es tocoe bo pre blank nd aes ‘do cover dys wh wes ly no teas bt “hi were ud by Nana cand el asa a ts (ope Goo and Armen fae he Gaus vere Tekh dyer of eg Ana to eri de Man nas ofa). eh arse ‘aay cme foun upon anor sland profound exina. ‘onofihersevat hore and lterary ers than arehose of {neous and forcovenge ofthe ranan wordandiesode tied gry te Ireicles Nomenck isn many pecs Stpee wo fie ahommadse dha, Alo worthy of mem: fini edard Sans ein Vermichnis Meharmedaince Dynan ir Prewisclen ted dr Wie euler il Hise Rh (0935) Nos tp. 3. Ths con ‘Sn genellogil Ins of sain mist ne of ues snd {Gover not ncued in Lane Pook work, Sach souree fer he was the Sed obatSar ofthe Otoman schlat ‘Mpa b-Lali called neji Chit Astron. ime? (destift702) tis bing a abrdgementin Turks of sons worn Arabi the fn ad-deval Fortis gencral [ney neji bass wd some sourcesnow teri bs, and he Arabic oil at twas evel to ive gene Topic char of he dynes ened ‘re the lt forty yas, however, the speci shmic ‘ison as had gene fo the Aaa de ping de ronal pour Eee dele ofthe Aton mei ty Edned von Zambour(Hanover 1937). Ths omarable ‘Celt isfounded, ante aor exlaia i Preis won Toth tummarc and epigraphic evidence and on hire fer above all on ssemace urination of the general Finny oftbnal-sii( 3ota3yo- atest The ‘Maun gives fbenvabl svey of on dani of te Ish world Eom Spin apd Morooo eo Idi sd lol ‘ies oh pov ern of he df ‘evar of many ofthe lading Syren. Phe complion ‘tie work wars prodigious achievement for one man, bua ‘Tort on ths sean never pin be underaen by angle Donon, Zambaur wae both 8 namie anda Arabic ‘ot and ws tes covenant wih evan and Tore Hecee not liar withthe npunges of he aml ine gion such a Hats, Swab Urs, engl or Malay, and Fee eae cn cine tap ee he ne Sipe mann te piney sour forte whole rage of {lnc dyneste chonslogy Zambaa fly cnfoned that the covet In his book was fr fom comple tnd any ‘Mami hntry pein an point to obviow Incase For instance, suc dynasties o tho Musas of Aha and ‘Lars the Sultan of bar o Mars in Sou ad and ‘he Khats of sir or Thamen in Westen Siberiy are not ‘mentioned, and whole rpins ofthe smi rings ae the Arh nd Usa amites ofthe southern ages of the Shar and Indonesia (with one ore minor rcxpios) ae ‘mitol: An Ari ranaaion ofthe Mau was eg under thetic of the Cultus Commsson othe An League hy ald M. Hasan Bey, Hasan Abad Mabel Meare shawl wa-tarsrat ol aking ft midith atin’ [eso tsroligglpy but no stem pts made here o ome and ‘evi Zubin’ orgial work Te only prospect of 4 fo ‘ed and expanded veson of the Monat wauldse tobe in {co-operave veane by Slane historians, each compan Seaton alg lta spealt in the prt fds po Aily sucha projet coal beanadjuncr othenewediton ote ‘agloponta of eam tow in progres, "Ae broader level, ong ss ome tat hee loos eed fora compact, poste handbook ote lane “yaa and vir cronolo, 3 book which would be usta {0 ovntalss not equlting te deta of Zamibur’s book and ‘0 student embarking upon the sad of smite. Sack 2 eft bok ssl moreover, be of vale for sors ‘who work in norslani els ut whe spire finest evertlsoverip the ari world ates (eg hoa te eran peninsula of Byzantium, of Aly ofa) Tmysahave cally found he dye and hori ee {om om the Chinese and Inds worl inthe Hana 9f ronal sy, ed, C1, Philips (London, Royal Fiseiel Society 951)” a Book which is scene goed seon tn the New apd Mile Exe extn atl for handy reference purposes woul be strange inden ifthe thiy-nine yr snc the publication of Zambau’s work, and the sventy-the ine fhe ope of Lape Poole, had at brow a vay increased now of age sectors of ai history sad chrono logy, Whole dynasties, formerly Known oly sketchy have 0 ben bret ine te clearer ight of madera knowledge (Cathe Quaid of Transonans, se below ppe 14 Wherever possble 1 have endeavoured tn benefit fom he snr wk nega dona iygniy alo nacjoe a rrrC—— crn ee lr Lr Iepaacteen li Santon cee etn ec Sr on ng wn oe eee ie te Unyetled“Abveed Cap the Pinoy the SS LeU Ota ei de SUR Sova Scere lr Lr FS peach cachet een ee a Sa ice erence ie Sia calatenou ergot taaey Lr seit elle anaes Soe acetic emcee LL Tatil ethene ee ers Pals alee Nay as Senge eens tld dy a SERIES Rlowgrdicncen neice een Sesleri Oo oe ene — ——rr—e oan a sal Lr eer ‘alee the cas ofthe major dyoanies would sfc only fora drizory acount, bat wo pln he dias inthe broad Center of iene isi otine some of i aor eds St hs periods and wht rlevany 0 tne tone of the snus achievement shouldbe noted tat the ble. (gaphal efereno ste oot of exh aes rote sores found wal in comping th Ts of rly sn clacaing chronology and Susur: Theyarenotreffencao works ot the gene sory ofthe dymsy queso; torch aon ton one dould conn the hogapies ves the ‘an Enycpaediof lem aise or he warts dest ia GL Cates refi of Jan Savages Farad 3 Fle EU Ovent Maatnan dnons oe gregh (Pats 961, Engl enaion (anforinatey, wih rater more cursory BiMlographia tte), fared fs Ey of oe ‘Masi Ee: « Bilogrphal guide (Deteey fod Las ‘Angels 1963) Follow ane Pook, Ihave given datsinboth dhe Mostin ‘He and Chistian erase sald he ote by ona schol that wh the prose Arabs esed aor lena, the Popes Mara! introduced a an year af 4 day ‘eee mont twenty-eight wenn oy trys thems The st months dood core omen ‘withthe four sens of te yeu asda te Christ Gregorian Une or the Jew ons bat Boga lily erie ck yor, Forint te month Raman 187 begieson Decne 3h 1967, Aa we ave seen tht the sin ear eeven dpe ‘ota tun the Christin Gregorian ong the nest Raman ‘would begin or Noverbcr ang Tl tak about ‘hiryhee Chstan yeas belive Ramen bea aan in ‘arly Desens way she nnesyatven Ch yeas ‘re approximately equal os undsed ain yee "lec o conver quel om Christan oe dates ad vss verm ad ecu has ually tbe made toner Sion able fing tnar lear bas cba i vantages forthe fing of reset gral opranonser nancial anactiony ad solr cena oon ae nt ae inthe ante word for these prot parposts: Today, mast the Manic word follows be tropes Gregorian lender Forpuelyseclaand eveeyy purposes Per nd hase ian, However wea sla year wih ana fom the year of Dutra iso migration fro Nese to din > Inyo oben Senay ohetier wate a anseps orn nummer raphe ora ae sos ivaribly dated nthe 1075) GREE ie dts of oon, desi tae sending Sper the Christian and Masin years arly ever comes pontoons tart imposible to give oun dats Ui complete accuracy uns th mom and day of he er Jura Lannnsbuc ibe laniourenieby nomeansalvays Staci nt book, have flowed two base p= Sips in converting ra Misi to Chenin dates, rely, have sera sf pombe th eat day ot sr last unin fhe yearn question and lave ake his nto ‘emt wien conversing and Zama, though aot Lane rock was crf to pve se day and month whoreve his ster koown him. Sony, whee tis ext nformation Teg, hve simply ke the Christan yea de one in ‘Tithe gener part of the Moskin yea lly and tthe esi yor agen aay ough the Chan year Cheat eer funeorbeinnng of uly) havea the Chestian Sas tt oncin wih test half of the Stain ya el Tien din is maya cll ys Tphcrigt butts precere sen to mein he present Come preferable tothe camber station of two Cheistan Seas Ths Thve writen 4/540 lntend ofthe more exact Tale Th pong together «ook. on slic chronology and genclgy, ce counter certain problems ring rem he ‘Sersear hatte of the Arabic ryan of norseatres The ‘Rmber of Ari personal samen comparnely resected, making confsion ey” AL, the complet ofthe Arabic ‘Jeter of momencler poses problems in indeaing: whether {Bier e person unr bis patronymic Eye) ven mae Chm howore tile o ckname lng8) or being Seigitorprofesion (nse) nthe tex of bebo, havent enc Know aes anes ofeach lr in fl fr ase ails reourse mart bende o Zambaue There ones fren by me ave geerly hove by whch the ur bast wt iow, vgs wih any furs compoens of i ue ‘osu fo dining tins hon oder members of the pany de prcedsesnacetnenereay ance est cyan rounds of pace Tota Monga ‘une ocean Req afer eleventh cnn wen ‘Pumas Turks aaron pend thnelves allover eae werd em alae Yonen and egal pe tea ur day These mans gory pps he ‘Nabi ep of the sures in deformed socnes bey ‘Reopaik shpes Wher actubl,I vee down ‘hat ob te cone Terk or Monga fm, but Sheree rs conrtie degen: rw is oad Tinted oe, | bve ot! te cond form ofthe bie tciprinbee, thar Oj COlprn) hulegs Chula), Tete (im), Toghrd (Pugh). Furthermore, where ronan Turek pronto rodund rng af Aric ‘enc hich ook are len fom sana as Keteign of he Anbic igre ae ikea ne, the Ushi (ema), hebmad (aes) Bash {Gj te indocal sna mes (wich na book of SEP mae dee ito besny good ara) The neve pay ll thew atae mn wa ee ‘lacice theeertan andi putnouchtanded, ‘Spent ome Stn ad Ava "Vaio sina lave nen ete benef oft opecise Aso sadbeloked cea one appopeite eons i ibbebk They nde roto’ Ast Abad econ on ind, Dra Dit var (ihe Sued), Pro. Ck Cahn (Grgr Syste tg), Dr. Hopes (Noa A), PrSETRUML Savory Coston Puslay andr JR Web (rene Gong € Mt Crete es ‘Ge Ntumnseen Sek as Ed enough ed me [Thbmonotoph Con of te Sone Mako Po Pro Er Benin nad tore och gyno eating tis invodeton, To al of thse Lam rtf wb the ‘in ne sami ll respi fo he books ore Sm Fis ceed my appecion of cee Sie flies ated ro the oe Inthe Library of the ‘Unesy of Toros (wise ss book nat pr ger hrs fears soy at Veg Pon), ad yes ‘he Einburgh Univesiy Pro forint ok ne Ishii Surveys cre? EA MLM Sy ama dnd chong ds oar stats de poe (5 voles eden 86-91); De Spulre Reon end rng der Iola vo, Wrebury Minister Ploee 1968)¢ ExMPovike rales, Honda of Bri cmolagy® (London Royal Hino Sci 196 +The aval in Inaba lima of 3 of the Arabic ‘igital (on which see A Distr, “Penile ererungon 2a V. Minor Studien kaueschen Geschichte, Orimatia, NS. 2xvI1[ 1958) 26-8) ot aparenly known to Sacha, 5+ These are aces n several plac egin the Hondhnk feria Kr (ced above) 33-033 ts books Si TW. alg, Comporae toler Muhammad and hen dates (London 1952) 304 GsS.P-Focemane Greil, Phe Muli and Cron Caen Condon 1965); H.6. Catenon, Tae de concorde des Lrecchrdenesehgiriener Baba 1954) tin VV. “Trybuliy, Sormennye fanart sewn Bette ? cebago soak. Sniroiches tly fps ‘ange (Moscow 1964). The fle renee nF ‘Wostenle Ne, Perghthangr Tall or untick andiranlon Zerg sen cevied By Saye and Spl (Wend 196) ++ The most extensive survey of the Arable nota nd its various components isin L Cen std G. Gab, ‘noma avai ota petra alec den & ‘ersnadnagocanentinlepricpel epee ice, afk cgengrapite, nampa mance, elec ‘all i.e (Bho 9h). sil ‘THE ISLAMIC DYNASTIES ‘THE CALIPHS «> ‘The Orthodox or Rightly GudedCatiphs (AKL! sr san) rraoliya-ér siféya Abo-tokr 15/634 ‘Umar l-Khaga 3)6js "Ullman sseso/6ye84 “ANDABLTAD Umayyad ‘On he Prophet's death in Medina in 146, four of his Come anions all of dem clo 0 kim eter throgh Blond or Sous mariage suceeded him as Fders ofthe Musi tanmr or commu. They astumed the te of Kale ot igh Clie ‘be who follows behind scsesor) Ae Bakr was thither of Mumma vou wile Xia, and fone of his cleat snd most tated sport twas he ho ‘estore the autho of Medina over te oii parts ote ‘Arabia perinalaafterthe Bedouin es ad aunced deie ‘oronal alegnce to Makamnad (the le Wars) "Urmar bo lnd daughter wholad been married othe Prop nd fe wa under ‘Unacs vigorous decom thatthe arta ‘nai ofthe desert Arabe were supe agate Byzuning tereore of Syria, Palestina Egypt ad the Send one ‘of Pera rng, "Umar was so 9 est orgie, ad eth Thelaeoducionofarainentary cel adeiirtion it th “onquered province andthe invention of the Dis system Tor pays pensions to the Arb wari are seed wo i, vat abo he wo adoptd the We dr aide "Come 3 implying iva well purely poll clement nis esters ‘Uinta was the Prophet's oo-indsw, and wa lected caliph afer "Una’s murder by sal cou of de leading tins, bt i eign nda a a rebaon by scones ements and his own deth in 3/656. Thisasiaton ed ‘tie and countenance ening yours and forts esson Jes ltr rele to 24a. amefiah "he dooe opened [tol ware) The ast ofthe onhodox caliphs “Al wa triply tela to Malmod as hs coin, oner-oer apd Sila a dasin theese ofceranplouserles era tm parcial Ged wo succeed to he Props hetage. ute was never able o enor his authori inthe esis ‘of tatzwiy, govemor of ya (soebelow,p.9)-Hemoved his ‘Spl Kil semper the Arabs of ag ous, fae cone Maayan in Bale we sin om the uppee nprate othadodacsousucos er’Alrwasmutdered ine hema hana ed rect ws so persunded by Mu‘ Tuy wo Fenounce all Shot th capi In ister cat, the petiod ofthe est fut clips wat togatded a3 Golden gets which the pine sane vies ‘Housed nce thee righty guided war applied to them, ‘a ‘Abbie Caliph seta ea and Bega 32-66749-1398 ‘ssi Sah Bina ‘sshy ae wy) sh {e/a a Reid Daley ania Bulb abu non aovelbrird feline Moke Bopad fy aes Tene wade Sila ae Behe anne her acing Tibet deantace Tilso aed Sloe auton Boley aero Joi ao dost aeNate Sloe aroun Seale sat SOBs dato Safe deanate Sale a 3éafoe a Jail agate 2 Ovi {Gifiery sks Sihooy athe et a Solngy aR ee aan Pele Satesand liye abana frst asa Bhi seas asia ab wos : Gqongojazngs sealstsm ‘Mongol cof Baghdad 2318 Git 659-933/1261-1517 ‘pifagea ake Faofiae ak Wag Panag SEH Tafa aba Fopige daeoalil frrsine {rafig7 a Maat, fae Fraps seared ime Psi swig 788/1986 a Nuapn, second sme Foul eMac yee me She/r6 aM Sig/tang abraded Sys/raye aborts sysharr ab orin Soofeas abana Sha/ta9 ab Mra goy/tayy ab Musas eine Sealy al Matwake i frvie Sualegeé al Mantas dine SosfeptyalMatawabl ty econ eine rion congo Egypt ‘The ‘Abhi came from the family ofthe Prophet’ ele Mati ofthe Mecean cn of Hilekiy and hese of tis ‘decent hey were ale to casa lagi nthe yes ofthe plows which the Umayyads fad lacked. Even so te eat Fahbids had wo comand with frequent sovle ofthe Als, desandans of Niland sominlaw ‘Al, whom their prdsans th S's considared hd an eran ater devo ube Elliston, one kasd om a specie ax of deston by dhe Propet Inseldfenee, the “abbistssooa aloped assem ‘oftonore les (ala sing. aga) en soca otc Bate = practice now to their Umayyad predecesors ‘hae ies proclaimed dependence on God nd cained divine ‘upport for Abhi rie. The thera ture of the "RD authorey wan emphasised in other ways and the thodor gious ation elie afar as porto the $ldcohedyeuc. ti pose ht thee ends ome some: ‘hig older, Pesan ego polis tes, forthe evoion {of Abt Msi wich brought he ‘Abid powe, as ‘Senin ovina Pesn movements the emf of he ‘Slip cpl fom Damasio ghd symbolise new ‘Sata ocean. "The sae empire vial eacked a fillesen under the ‘Umayyads and under the eal “Abhi, the borders were snessatc Only afew of heidi erslves {Spt soldiee-ala'nand slim ed steel ‘redo nto Anolis agen he Bysantnes and i the ferthand erly clovnth ener ewes Maine who wert {oread a to the defive by the vigorous Macedonian em Derors Aladin the ih cntry the pole nity of the ‘lip Beran wo dole, A ranch ofthe Umayyad led in Spin wih complete independence, and North Aiea was {n.genend too dst to be contol propel In ype the ‘olorids enjoyed an autonomous sat, won Pom he Third governors were fllomed by Ina nian darts lie she Stnids and Sad, who pald Some tte Baghtad but were others lef sone. he cv poll powerofthe"Abhisds bee eluent lag abovedlia tie Enh eer, when plc Sham amped over ge tart ofthe Wlamie world. The Fuiade ied fit Nosh "Rete and hn Egypt and ya proclimig tamales val ‘aps n Cao. fag ad Peay he Daya! Bape rose S&aeteotpepes wihsleteodtng atin eet ‘olbesatsofpppes whale hehe {Sd pit infuens The appear of the Turks Seige imaaftorreeved dhe capi of hs asa religous pe ts bate Seg despite thrown only St ew, {iStor intend le the pt power of he alipi revive 1 ‘vs only the evel century, when he Grew Selig ow Uhek slaty and thie power became enfesbled ht the Forme of th Abbisis Began wo soe under such competent Cais a abst and sacNisie Unorinately ts ’ Sovay va catchorsby ty Monge aly andinesoiast ‘leg ordered he caliph of Baghdad : "Tie tte entries of ABDI le cghat-leventh ceo) sv Sel oweing of medial ania. Se Lier hoy lc anthesis ‘ir where ineets omg in fom Para Unde elente world, Beononic od commer progest St vhaspreat above all ste ole, longscted lane of Peni rand agp and adeno wre tabled with ‘unde rplons Hee te Euan epee Far as Ti Sed ack Aes, Despite the pli breakdown and ne ‘Spey ote ah cn i pogo he ata ad ‘he ald contnosd stew ts regard gate apt or the Swiss oneal Adams Mes to designate this period he Rename of ian’. The incoming Turk daar of the ‘leven entry and afr were arg aint int ect {un are of os twa the Mongol fr sever decades eeeeneiso! mand all date sod fo, who delay bers blows a iso "The Baghdad elie wth exngiced bythe Mone aps utsoonafarvardthe Mant sulan of Baype, Babar, Acted isl ofl eli abd ivi a ceo the fas Aisdo Paha, one ofthe few members of he amy apenas Ca (6, a el et Srnyatdunsucesily elso ronguc Baghdad dng theacempt anda rer AM wove eet year This eaablsment of cap in Caro served to gmc ‘Mania rule and wae «mot weapon nthe wore agit thecrosder and the Mangos fortiori ais come tout dey ad done gh o act 5 hea of the ‘sua ov chia orders But hey ad no prt power {abe Manic ate sod chce wes cvily no ea of ie ‘Som of power wth he sultans The st py l-Mrawae {twas cared oo tatanlingn/7 by Sein the Grin, Jute ory that he ten rans ie gan the apart torte Orman sultan sa pec of ftom origin the sinew etry minitoonanny, Lane Poole, 6 2-13. ‘abs 5 tnd Tablo; FADD? (B. Lewis). SPAIN AND NORTH AFRICA ° a> “The Spans Uayyads 8433)35601051 138/96 "AbdseRanin ad-DSkt {a/788 Kishin Holes slam 226) “Absear Rabin ral Muwasi 258/842 Mubammod 23/6 aleve 353/856 “Abealah Seog ‘Abele Rann 10 aXe 3yefo6t ab Halan 1 -Nusani 36) kn a ay cere 4339/1009 Mubamnnd) l ayrege {20/09 Sulayman a sin fon {Pofioo Hisham nando {Pyfioty Sulsyminy cond eipe feajtans Hanada on Nir {s/s “Abert Fe a ura Jpiliers Honma. Qin a aofioat Honnidid Yaya o-aeta, Sst me Tealtas Hanmi e-Qisin, second ine “ealiony ‘Abeartainsa val useghie ‘rdjrony Nitammnd tes Mosk elise Hanmild Paya eco tie sans-afficpegr Hida tn aNatedd Muley Tontif Fest, ‘An and beer oops rowed over de Sof Gbrlar from Morozov Spain 9/71 and spel oer the ‘Vint the German itary rtnocary wo red Spin ‘ning the net doc, they drove te rennants of he i tps lao the Canarian Ns ofthe extreme north of the {bern penis andevenpeoerasacros the Pyrences ato ‘Frenkic Gay ntl Chars Marl fae dna Potters (or Tours) in 14733. Dring thee yeas, Span mat ‘Sled byssucrasion of Arsh governors ecu fom tesa, Brain #3 “Abdear-Raimin er cal od- Dat he Income? and ope of the ew Umayyads to have ead ‘ogi in the “Abbistrevohition, appeared ia Spa td foo Unrate tis Tnapeninsa where Se face of geography miliate aginst cena contol and fem rl he eveblishnen of the Cry ods wan an achievement ined. ‘The Ariat ws base on Seville and Condovs, bute Ami hold on the provinces was less secure Although a good proportion of the Hispano ‘onan population Beete Malin (Se Memeldny su ‘anil number resned Cirstans (te Morar ad Hale te iets Clin th ld ‘igen spor. In pars, Toed, the ancient apie of the Vigan an te esas eee of Spin war acenre ‘ofrebelonsness, Among he Misi here weeny fed eps won siren chert ten {lve virally ndcpndenly oft xed Condos these Fert og i he oval fe uy ate Aragon nd Catalonia (og dhe Taio Sargent a the ans of Tol) Ta ne nh cen tre Seco ceo eg tin aw he overtone soca Daou under in-Marwaa the Gal flan, and the othe tn the mountains of Granada ner stan. ‘Dei these weakness and despite the continued inde pendence ofthe pty crisian Kingdoms of he nor she Spanish Umayyads mide Cordova aremaraole cee of rade tnd indus prodconsandasahome of Ashiecre and leing twas on io t Ciro and Baga. The nh ‘zur is dominated by the greatest ruler of the dynasty, ‘Abarth ty, led x Nag the Vicortous who ‘eiged fr ily years (s20-40)p-6r). erased the power ol the monary fox new pithy eur cecnoal wanadc mone labort,powibly wil Byzantine practic n min dab S-Ratimincouseed the preeaion of iene fie P= ‘nds by himealf adopring to tes of Calighand Commander fhe Fill The doce af rds gal theory Hat the ‘alphas was one and indivi warts dey asides ‘The army's suemgt was bile up wih fresh Desh cra fiom Alin and wih slave coope brought from ll pars of Crist Burope (he Sepia). The Christine of te north ‘pete humbled and an anid poy lund in Non ‘Aiea the lye ofthe rent Gntty eal poesia the Sete pad to the {i or cue mine, The ADEA, taeda fon the Victorious’ (the Alun of Chia ours); twas he who eapured Barons and whn sacked ‘esti of Se anes of Covspostli in Gain, “ty it cv ctr fr a, hich wl remain ace mysterious, the Uae ll gare A ‘Sti of shor lve eiplats erated witheueby snes (Ft Hamid fail, local vlers of Malaga and let of Algecns. The Umayyads fly eeappeared in aaa)e3i and slim Spun al oro a pein of pod faptcaton te couse of which various lca ences and ethno gogn beid power lhe age ofthe Mul apna or eyes Ge "Tlf ee p14) sinutocnanay. Lane Poole, 1-22; Zambaur, 5-4 and "Taber. Cini, The coinage ofthe Unsangade of Spin (Amicon ‘imi Socety, Hispanic Numismase Seer: Mono ‘rap, No 1, New York 1950). The Muli: a if Malka Spin ‘Eleventh century = “Thehal century or so between he final collpe ofthe Ura {ad elipiate and te coming ofthe Almortids was one Of ‘oli gmentrionsosnypane, however, by gest eal Fra brill. A numberof local dyin, entosted at Sent tes by ARN ed power insu pts {abAndalssomeo sbeing mercy ocr ike the afin south-west ing ret at of enrory. ‘The dyn wee of varing ry eng the betes eocosnes ofthe mary Claws under he Unaysade and eet eine and sie among tase gro: Some ‘ere pure Arye cA of Seville snd he Hols ‘af surge Others were Hebe eth Maas Af of Badajo, he Ywwzs Dh of Todo (hoe on flat waa he Berber one of Zena), an probaly the ‘Emad of Nag eventhough he Ler ad cre fomevint Arie By ihe eleven cntary and were icing {hak decent though the Morosen ria otha A Somcofthe Tait sprang oat ofthe pent cof woop for ‘Alben whhadalon pe onder Seana ston of Be ‘encanta te Sri eres Zin of rir ond tpsoupof Rnd cents and descendant ofa Mang oa fed Vaden, Ip erat plas of he souvent eg. "Toto Dents ally t Vale mite comene of Sab nga sed power or atin Tobie aie prod gree polit the expense of tir heghbours. "The ‘Abbadds Cpanded amet co ‘Toad, eno ure thi designs atone stage existed a ‘hank claimed be he st Cony ep ihm 1 “Seve ofthe Fat wee quite conten oinigs with or even ‘Se she heen sg th fellow Min she ae ‘At, “Umar al-ava, was ren to cole ox of he ‘cory ha lin Petal Alonso of Laon and Cale Ines for help ae Se Alor Tonntdr tend of iecleenh onary to tde ws cely beginning fw gat he Naina Spin The eligi Slee sunt he ons and ieesponstiy of OK ATSTAWR'IY ‘any oftelocalules and were ready toacenpteraleo the Durlal Berber Almonds pened te Chetan ape of Toledo 8/185 made appeal othe Alora iy the Abbi pot hing aun iene, “The most important dynasties amongst the Mula Pana tere allo (Ror comple del sce Zab, 3-7 and Nap Hammddids in Nags ane Algeciras (4o0-4p/10¥0-57) ‘Rods in Seville (gasta/t035-90), Zid n Gran 495-45/1012°39), ‘Beaty in Nish at nay 035-58) Bande Muray in vey Algarve (4t9-s/ 4008-53) Bund-Ravin in Abarat LaSabla (qos yoo/r0re- #307) Ban: Qin a Alpunte (430-85 039-98) [warden Cordovs (438-64 1938-69) ‘Aguado Rant-Nasiara in sj any-R7/r023-94) Dito Nini in Toledo (efor 49-75)beloretoabs) "Amis Valois 413-89/101-96) Banaras a Almeria e430") 1039-87) ‘i nd then His Saragossa, Laid, ude, Calor ‘sya, Denia Torts (410-53) 1019-1142) onic hjhid apd ana: Chase Major asser/tont-1295) Airave congue of Maslin Spin. 483190 1 Bammiiis of Magn ‘Colton shin aba ei trim ‘Soffa Yaya ao oe ‘Salen akin eed apn ‘alty Yabya econd ei Salo Measured Sohayy Yast ‘Softy aston a-soseme Belay tarsnr a AR gorioe Baek Nama staat ‘Coltogh Muunenod atin ‘Mofton abun awatig 5 “ue wen0x ap-rawatee “4 1 aataig Lott andre so ss Mia abot often i Malaps TF of a a fle et pct “Abide in 480) 2058 [uh above abl based on at in Prov Vis ae Sloppy) wich te some om dria ‘our, 53-4] "abu of Serle stale Malan Abid ‘Siler ‘asap svt ep Mab said “torte Jess Cordova saa}on ae Sales umn nat sof ye ‘ania “Md ogee 4 Mews of major shen ‘Aba ae ‘Sis aan tate toon ft3t “Una aeatowa shoretomgae Dia Nani of Toldo “Abjetabmind Dina soso anor ‘Sijegs Yat amtn coonhiosts Vipahoide Cort Ane Vref Lam nd Cole 6 Also Vat sean “Abdalla ‘ois ‘Abdalla ac -01tesps Di Nin atin “468) 076 Aba lias shQugt"Utimsn s0ssfiat5ig0 Dlium Nand VelpZal- Qadir “5-9/1096 a- O84 Jar (Cong by Cl ond then by che “dina 17. Tajbide and Hod Sargon, ‘yids stofiong Mandi tab sangir figjiss Yaloa sl Murti {often Mavizcad-Devla Mendis “aie 430/109 Sulaymio alsin ‘9/iog6 Almada Aten ‘afiete Vasu a-Mtamin 48/1085 Abad vc alusein foy)een “ad-Din Sesto “midad Dewie ander Alora sessnnigega AbmaditaMstani) SN angus by fn el Batallado ond Romie 11 ef dragon sunnoonans. ami Lane ik 29 NR ie a eit a ra bs Sha opal dee ig (2X1 de J.C.) (Madeid 1926). " 6 EN cea ae ata rtf Amen ame Sly Spm ene See te fram Ne ee Yo gy sof Soa. est Ps ath (sv Pray one ub Bank os nah ae ins ag)i3y2 Melaramod s-chalib, “led Ibeal-Ahmar Grease Maina Pah Sou/igon Moma 1 l-Maka Pal Nox Foslis bss 333/333) Mohammad re Balas Youle Fyshiasa Mamma vl-Ghin foreign 30/59 Isnt én)s362 Majid ve 3/8 Malar end Joist Youle ‘ n/t Nika vit a Mos in (ftgey Yosutt oy Man ta ron 31/8 Mebaminad “The Rastaide ora96 77-999 Warum dg sey ee tan SE MRA ey an. cay sai ea cine atone sige ea Pa an 0 a on "he abot “hn Rusa hve an importance forthe iory of Noh ‘Mfc stn ute dapropordonsc tothe darton sn x tthe pli power ithe ish easy, the joy oF {he berhrs of Noh Aftca adopted he radial, equarian ‘ger pola wet f Khim os post pia doi {ou by thir oredor An maner. Where in the ear, haji war an ere sevagey wen minor Sch it thowes it war anast moveen snd therefore more moder ‘Te Kite ru-so ofthe Thiyy, the flower of one "AbIGh Thy had dhe orga Nor lan cee amongst the Zena esbers of he Jes Nelle in modern ‘Tipo Altea temporary excipation of Qayrwi the centre of oriodany aed Aras power she Magy» gop ‘ST isdipy fw wenerm Ages unr he ede of “Abaah b Rosas, whose name woul indice Pensa dkstont an founded 2 Rh principals centred on Tahatt fr Taha (der Tire) Cran tai) be became dm ofal he oadiyy is Non Aba Thi ces aod "ahr inked wh he adi communis of eA, secticon Tuna an Triple, and groupes fr souh the Fern ont snowed the spa heahip of the ‘sto lnm. Sotounded shy ware By enn the Sides he wean the Sunn Agha on eax, the Rosai sought llsne ofthe Spank Umayyad, Sd received mi om thm. Bo che ti of ae SL Fim in Moroso wae or the Rost foro Teel dyna ft Maga n g69o9 Tat fl coche Kevins berbers of te Find D2 or propagandist, ADO ‘idk; many ofthe Rose wee user, Sod ch ‘fed ede o Warp “alt under the Raman cnosed a wet materi pros- pty being te shennan font ete Sean [EXtvinroiey and ie seq the ane of ele Ing Stared a conmopalian population, anongx whos were Spprecable eran and Chentan dent and saeco icici. egress e worse lying posed ‘erent for Khon thoughout Noh Afr and even Beyond although suoambed plc othe Fiche Ibid docines ong remained penne Maghrib, and ave Inde survived ois day nate lacs ke he ah oss igs the Tuan island of Jr ad in th Joel Sef srszocnapny, Zab 64;81 Rasta’ (G-Man). ‘Chit Bas, "Le Kharfome betes qulquas specs ine ruil, sone dee Baie Ove Tals, x3 (Alsen 1997) 59-19% 3 = “he Aghtbids sap oo-909 Api Alig ely so hina Agha ‘Sifts faba Mong Zsa Ah Eye Aba ebb SoRh Mahan Solas Ald ats Pyne Se Ab cary tad Erin tin {beth bs Aga’ aber was a Khurasaian officer in he ‘Abbr andi cote son war rate he province of gigs (modem Tai) by Harn ead earn {oan gua elbateo g3200 das Thoprat involved com SSdemble rights of seonomy, andthe rest danes of Now ‘fe fiom Baghdad esred that none othe Agsbie were ‘sch dsturhed bythe ell government "The st Agi bide suppres outbreaks of Berber Khim inti tr ‘ores and thn under Zyadat-alah on of te most capable Sd energie member f the nly the ges projet a te onquestof Sil from te yzannes was bez in 27/87. ‘Anemesive cor lt was auth, making te habs Supreme in the central Meterancan and embling the "0 Ingey the cout of southern Tul, Seis, Corin, and even ofthe Martane Alpu la wae captured in ay986h ti ‘robublethar the conquest of ily wasbegunin oder divert, ate eneglen ino ia aga the tet forthe ety ‘Ashlbis bad 10 cope wh stone opposition {ivy fom the Mii fuga? or egos leaders Qayrae in (Cao). By 24/87 the congue of Sly was are “ly complete and the tnd remained under slim rl, 3 Fee under Aghlbid and den under Find governs 4 ‘be Noman congue oft la devathccrary,omingan {mporantoneloraitison oflimicetare’n Cason ope The Aghihe wee son endo 23s ‘hodlihrsbl be Gro Mongoet Qsynenyand Aod {brcol Tony and eto andsgnion woes ere ‘Sosa apecly a nest of iy However, the Aghshide poston nigh deste sons te end ofthe ih entry. The St propaganda ot ‘av Alyse precursor of he Find Maat bys Sa ads power efi monet the Keine Berbers hs ‘us outint salary eng nd te an Aghia. ‘Aight was ven out t Egypt 9690, afte ess hemp securely om the ABB ipriognaeny. Lane Pool 368 Zaman, 6-8 EI Agha (G-Man). Pa “rap “The deel aie persia Aion te rn Ngee 1. Dhide éufyrs Yaa logs th Zi Spa leant Blagsin Holags Nistea-Daw ia sors Starsad-Daslas-Niine {alice Tamim Sonja Yalys feoyitie ‘al sesegsfnateas abtasan ‘Norman and elen Alaladcongsst 2 Ham ses)tg Yaron . Bulgin tb Zit ‘Sypes akonid {6/14 Malin Seyi gn Bilis abner ‘pies Bids ‘Ba/icy abate siser site Barer tisess Yaya Abrabad congue “in is were Saja ebanking the central part of ‘he Mahe who ely dented heme ver with te Fang uss ringing mitary ltt the Fai capa al Mal doy whee ts apupey it eas besiege by th Kh ete ‘Abl:Vaid. Accordingly, when he Fai caliph ais, Ihfloe Bgypn he spotted Hulussin Zt governor of sdypas The laser hepe up te rational eaty of his people the nomadic ends nd oven al de May ar Catt The posenins proved ov unvicly for oe man to govern, and under Dulas grandson Wide 9 i lpr wo mae: the western selons went tothe Hamad 6 branch ofthe family and thew made heir ep at Qaat ‘Banari wt th itd main eal ened girs with epi Qayrnin. “Thevichresouces apd wealth of Iai tempucd the Zid Ltn to ese gaan is FUG oveldy and in "pltoat be sranaered hi alesnce vo the “Abbaig (che amntids, however reraned tl tothe Fatnidsacthis Hane) Hence hon ered, Fmd leased gaat the Zr bands of unsvniae,barbarian Bodoine of te Hil andSulaym tbe who migrate from Lower Egy the Maghrib. These Arab gradi worked the ay 2tost the countide,eenoriing the cow, and forcing the Zits to evacuate Qs forsl-hiyys on the cot and the mci fo miter tothe lr aeemible pot of Bougi. Havinglostconel of than dey now tral these snd bt pa lets iti indo the potod which inaugurates the ‘geo teBarbary Corsi, But tey were unable to prevent sin Sky lingo te Nosrans even thogh psc ‘commercial tons were ie eased with te Norman ing: However, in the twelfth century, the Zid were hed rowed Roger tt of Silly captured l-Nahiya snd the ‘Tinian court foreaga- Hoan pay tba oon aire svar the nd and Hamada trove pase vote Ao. de sintioenavny. Lane Pool, 3-495 Zamba, 79-4 1 tid (G Maca). BL Rte a Bere oretle sue lee Zier UXT “iets 2 vol, (Pas 196), wi dell geealopeal and Chrondioel ble, maaan) cordon o Zane Gap ‘he Alora o eSurbiin Nori fsa ond Spain Yat in ai of he sin } _Yaprh‘Una [ace stg Bake |e sal ean vant fot *Abaah's Ys ‘sy/ots Yanthe Tain sis a fice Tata reheat seo “The Almorvissroefromone ofthe waves spiualera: tion which have st vaso nes i the sory ofthe Magis ‘omer the Babe peoples, In the ely part the eleventh ‘ey the Sanka chi Yall bbe made te Pe aig wo Arabia be became filed th ens and on Rie inyied'« nomd Morocan sols “Abdali by “Vain to work amongst his people A ir forree was the out ofthe Senegal River ad fom bere wero for ‘efath pend asp fades frm of iam throug ‘he westen Sudan. Thetewarors were own at Mardi, lrely tose dling the rots forces and the tm hae given wr the Spans form lmorsie and the French ‘word marae holy man, lel sine. These Berbers of te Aewre wore veil over tees, 2 d ce moder dscns ‘dso he Tuareg and werebence slo known es Man ‘dint the ed one Led by Aba andi atenane Yiu. Tishutin they moved nord gana Moroso and conquered North Aca wtf a ales, Osu! now Founded Narre sis expe (ates) The Amore ‘eogoaed the Abbisd clips pinta end of Isr and {elloed the conservative MK lw schol, domi it ‘Misti Nowe fin. ‘usin pala was ahs imein the eagmenedcondonof the ge of the Malt ap Taw2'f and sow Hat the Chin Rocongula was gong became car dat only he ving power of ihe Almorave could sve the divided sd oats Bin printings tore: Yon, Tatts ered ver om ‘Alnesingytetsand wont vcory over Alfonso vi of ton an Cle Falla noe Boson ck eve be regrerably aes follow up, so Toledo remnned in Che abbands Over the ex fo yar, Yor! eppreed snes A the Tite, only the HOdis Belg allow to remain n Ses Du tay oth ak ee “Aimer prion nthe Magra een by ie dire ofa ah poven,tac ofthe Ales Gropp 90381 ‘Was ectse on presse fn te earth the Rene ‘rere ableso sive Saragossa fom he Christi in rat Insai/irg thet Almoravd rer in Mare tte, "hale Among esi Sate lt Almratid governor in Spin, Yay b. Chiniy, hoe family wo elas hy marge tthe Alora edn ‘45/8 thse powe! wan ended bu the pon moved ine fib Banat continued in jre fom ia conquest Jn jefesy le Aragonese coupon of ay}a25 aia Minorca vasa of Aragon il 286, rauigenarny, Lane Poole, 4-4; Zama, 25-4. EH Almortvi (Ati) ELGlniy, Ban (C Mari). : a “The Alnatiads oration Sey] 130-136) Notas ond Spin Muhammad s/s130 sagftigo ‘Abad tin 548/106) Abi-Ys'qth Vonuts $olrity AbI-Yied! Ya'gub ab-wangir $op}i99 Malad ae Nagr Srifiang Abveve'qib Yosuf ral: Mtustnse (ofiasg*Abdal-Wahid a-ak" fan/rasq Abushtcarmad ‘Ali aR 24/1027 Yay alas fsdfizy Abs ART Le aM mn Sjofiaya AbU-Mubarmmad ‘Abdal- Wai ae Rash Gqolesgs Abii-Haan ‘Al a-S'da-Mutaid (66/tag8 AbO-lats‘Unar delaras iserjat'y Ab Ils Whig Chron cng of al Spain except Granada Nah fin lnc ded nang Abd. Wai, Hef, nd Marne “he Anahade (fom a nsdn ‘ro who fim God's cia) epatuny neraly proms paar che gly concrativeand lea hal provlentin Nor At {nd gan th scl yo i nd ter Aloe ‘Totnunder he Brenna bd sida snd ha aegis reforming views, Ae esing te ‘mage oe naga ber ch of Moroes pane sal ate bend ofs os revement pocaming lite he Nba or Promised Chanute Lan Hated Rt yer syed Hise hn Tears eh of repre Senne Phe Aids rly took ove Maroc ce ‘Sutin he Alors thread ating Nahe ‘om capita In Spin, hte wos» vacrum of power afr che {cine of he Alvin ich om aa gop ie he ‘Tis of he previous cosy enppred (ea Valen, x” {Godova and Mtucin) then in gapv4y “Absa Matin de- ‘gatched an ari wo Spin and soon eeuped al he usin tentory thee A pomeel Alsiabud Kingdom, sow with {spi ae vi, was contin; ‘Aba Narain conquered ‘liras Tunisand Topol andthe AyyObid Saladin coughs liane an aval anssnce agit e Franke: Theserecrare Sf the Almolad state rested the Messe thorn acre of Ibn Tar? vigil ching nt was lt round {slsekat earch of the clphs air and ints, "The court was asplendld cence fat and leuning, above al fortielstiowernge sae llosopyassoasted week scholars as tbocTulsyl abd Toast (Averroes), both of ‘whomaced court ysis ote Alaa slans "Yetthe Aloha cos no old up te Csi vance permancnilyAsitory at Alco in 59/2195 bad no lst ‘Secs, nd the extasmophic dat of Las Navas de Tosa Sn (oyna a the hands of a naliton ofthe Chin Kings of thepeninol rota showithdavalofthe Almobadstrom Span altogeter Thelstostans reigned olin Nor Alin, ‘utter otc gop bran to loosen. The sng of Vag fcan bs Zayn a Teno a 6/1236 ed tothe ound Hon thu of ts independent Ada Wadd yay; and in thet year AbD Zakari” Yay the govern of Highs, proclanedhisindependenein Tenis ound! te ited: lly he Almonte Maresh te {0 the Mans in 6) 36, staurocnavay, Lana Pook, 4-73 Zambian, 73-4 ae! Almabade (Bal). ‘Atul Miranda, Hara poliedipario Aloka 2 ole (ema 9567) ” (3), “The Marine and Ways seaishigses 1. Lie of Maids s92[t196 Albi-Mubsmod ‘Abd a-ag Graltat7 "Ohmsint Siq/t240 Muhammad Staltayy Abo-Valys ABSA Gxé)iagh Abc Ye gah Gy/1286 AbEvateab Yasut gol)ssoy AbSThabe Ane o8)2308 Abbe RABY Sula Tre/iste AbESe' "Ushi Jaaligse Abt’ Hon “alr Toisas Abic‘ngn Pe Tro/ss Mamma trae ea)iay9 AbO-Slim “At Fes) Abas Umar Tishutin 13/136 *Abdal-aln (2 sia Re, then in Sil) 1632362 AbinZayyin Molamamad srs 768)1966 AbtC-Fiss Abd 'Anet Tyla Abt-Zayyn Nskammad i Ai As Akl ny Ma 1788/3386 Abi: 7ayy$0 Nuon © 8/1586 Moana v1 9/1987 Abi Abiss Abmad, wind reign {36/1395 AbicFais Boliapr ‘Abealasien Soajigo8 ‘abel 01/999 AbU-Sa" "Uhm 11. eagigt|iganed intrgnan of he Zany cidor Aba Wadidof Tlaer, 8 Maha at Wahed Syp-6y/eg8-65 Abo Malammad “Abd al-ag 1 sue wantsens as wayTa Tal aon ENS Mages | Ee | ea Solis Mat J NS aay “The Neds scended 0 the rng ofthe Alban “Moroecoand central Naghty dig op hk erie ‘with he ae of nin The Ranh were abe of “he noma Zena Berbers tee cara evel wa probably lows an he were ringed te bi for power ay of thetliousomuaom whch given dig pow oe ong of tha Alora snd Alnobodn, Tse fy to fet id wht seem to have been comprativey sal an fess double acount for the promaced ate of tr strong withthe is Alas Fy Ge invaded Morocco Form the Saharan 63/1216 bat nected by the Along ‘ABMS and not seure Maresh 6/6 and Saal four yas bee ble wit icp Fe he Masi sored astong sets f beng het the Ahad and wtepted {orebuldheiemprein the Mag. They were doped ihe spit idan rane of secu of Suns the Maid paid dow nd we a great grow of ue Sound pop rigor eu a ae taught personally in Span: Abies arg cone over inane man spel rom the Nes of Cran ad wom the bul of jin 74a. Aer the Spans cape of Ghatarin yop, oop in sppsedaSpe, Scabttann Aone roedsthe Ro Secon arp by the free of Alonso 2 of Cale and Alfons tv of Poca and the Marni newer ean tied oer in Spin North Afric te Mari wore dw her eg Bur te Aba Wate of lemeenocopying uo epi © » in y7/tg7 and at erst, borthey wre unable to dodge the Hats fom Tuna “Toware thee ofthe fourteenth century, the decline of the Masini began co be spparent. In o/t4or Henry 11 of ‘Castle stacked Tea and in 83/435 the Porat ook ‘Cea and hs Chrnsansaaremivencse canola ret wave ot rags seniment in the Naghs and eal fr iad nse ‘hinfdel hs eationatated dhe assption of dr to power by the Band Waris acolleral branch ofthe Maris ‘Sho sd seedy sind hh offce under he sults. Abe Takai Vaya fie ruled a regent forthe young Naiid ‘aba iaag 1 apdset 1 work combating de Pore, “Abt Hag red 84/498 rl diet bt wae see insted seven yews ier the Waid Musa tthe ‘Shay was proclaimed sultan a ars Stary sesing the ‘Sy from he rid Sf iat he ter Wards were ae ake towiistand the goming power of the Swe Shar, who nally occupied Fes in 95615495 a aterpred Wat ld vee ‘ance wih Ouoman Turkish lp falad, and the dass ‘war permancily etnguced. intsoonassy. Lane Poole, 57.95 Zana, 79 tr vrai (Mara, Waaide EeLa Proven. Hide Cae edy Ler ur ines de Wr de Mra Sood 18h Sohn, Dynes Sede rion t606 Vo ‘Fats Cb gat, wth old greg ‘Shee waa py wees Honore de Mar a "he His Gag g8eftssba574 ‘i and anern era (asta Abi. Zahariys Yabyie Serf Abt~ Abdul Matammad xa Mamasie Spyz Abtcfakarys Yabyaura- Wath, ‘afta Absa Tbai hi] 1282 wswpainf Abad Ab otra 1683/1284 Abeta ‘Urae(in Tunis) (ayia Abo-Zalaeys aby cer al- Muna (Gn Hoagie and Conse el ‘igfa99) oats Ab AbgaDh (or Aba~Asda) ‘amma a Mana ep/1909 Able Aba Bakr ah Sal Fo9/i909 Abs Bagy Kh 9s Feapie Al salir ‘8/1918 Ababa AbO-Bakr 1 a Mua Fanft546 bist "Uae PEnN398 fies Maridocapaion of init solr Abi Ae Abad al-Fal jtawatal (in Tunis) hg Tet esi, forge ge (in Tank ill 771369 other Ha Brincs in Boag and Consus) 770/196 Ab Baa! Kl (En Tai) ‘Faltgy Abii AbbEs Abmad 1 l-ostnge (previously in Hoag ad ‘Conaansine) ais ‘Abd-al Arte -Mutawakl salsh Mama s-Munsir a 839)0435 Abi-'Umar ‘Udhndn 93/8 AbN-Zalarlye Yabya iv 54/1489 “Ada Mein op/apo Abu-Yabya Zakaria ox yap Abo Abdali ammad Mts 993/526 AbIC‘Abdalth Mamma s-ass, i eer. rene fet ae Se ee en enti eS Pils Ae Ri tutes 154 ee A pal = - ‘Tunis by Sinan Pasha “he Walid the mor import dyno story ote mmeiealThigyay deve ts ns fom Shay ABE Thay “Umar (Lyte = peo the founder oth ‘ined movements ncaa one of Abia N= tins gene Hi ibpcg fled various porn oes ‘ler he Almas nding the orem of ea. ne of ase afl govern, Abu Zaaie Yaya ‘Sula tte of thc ry of he Ald ip ab ‘ESPa align reso ths ters wats Innovator, He Sow panded wevade to eet Naghi ting Contin, Sug nd Agi ang he ‘ABhat\Wads of leona hs eibutarieycompaling the Marnie o scold im and een ape bal Froothebkagered Moline of seen St The pone fue ttadreoe oly geatuserHasons- ung oh sept dencnckol Lae rof Panes and Caer jon (Gate) sod sumed te of Caliph and nro Sn obing ht sro he Shit of Nate and tng oe te Kft ghd “ane “Th ory anal sera Mong deh woe ld 36 ie warging “wih viola Boewasons fn Had power and sali, with Abetowns of theental Naght and otsoutern gy and the Jan rexion there tend wo tow off Hal contol Ahsag prods of meskrle A Snes hare wee sever con ‘ean forthe Had seo, with Ginn ing vasous towns In the sant cons, the dysaty wai ea dee cing anon ohn of as ‘nel The eablaiment ofthe Tar in Aig and over ows, and dhe Hate nb to contol ae corsa d= Predation vied ataks and repratsy the Chrrtans The EEtperor Chas pnd a Spanish garivon a Tunis in pay Telerau wih Spanih help aise the Turk nt a g8og7q Sin Pasa ‘ally took Tun and dc at Hal waco to anal "Tunis uade the afd enjoyed great eungenein pro ply Before te dropivesctivity ofthe Estoy cores saa detonation th eaten, the Kai had extensive Sermon reais wih he ean an ours Foch sous sud wid Argon. The lind beled sb fom tein of Spanish Mush refoges(smonge whom were th torn ‘ald’ frees). Tus became» rest tc and inlay wiht wt tr sur introduced the maracas ofeducation previous Know inthe lindo tect. vind iaLioonapiy. Lane Pool, 4-56 §2°35 Zumba 744 1 Hat (HRs) FR. Brtulvg, La erika so fr Efe dso gies dao da XD il 3 vos (ate #9407) a . «15> = “The shu of Moroso oe bgt ss sun/tsin Molo al Mab Qs Ali (in Ss) sgnsitsny Abd ar (in Maes e750) sgps/tse7 Malan sb Shaykh sl-Nabat Dana al Mahl ats Ss, later ia Fes) 964/557 ‘Abdali a-ha 38i/tyr4 Maan a Mui al Mah Ses/tyr6 ‘Abela Nal Mofemmad sb-Shuyh a abt 986/78 Alida Mengte won eS ag Sear) ar fannie aeatig [ech Geta | Nae vanogieyas oetactag |S “army in exon) o)s6ay “Aba Malt =| . Naresh nly rosa) abst aad eg) 1636 Nubsrmad e-Agghse 1o6409/16)4°9 Anata Abs arias soqs[s6se Mumm tah Shr (in Tat) 45/1635 Muhammed tb ld {opy/tcey ahd tof 6p3 Sain g9[t7a7 Abad adh-Dhababs an/t7ap ‘Abela 114p-88]1505°48 Aba ponercontrely aris arpa prenars spilo7g7 Melamed nts bal "of 790 Yani uasfipe ‘207/799 Salaymin "apijttas ‘Ababa $2po[s869 Mlammad vb. Abd-wRbmia 19) 1873 alacant. Mebamsoad Bra) “Alea Ane 1535)1927 able yoftges Wis 154g [1907 Mlsmmad vb. Yeoh rege ‘palt9ss Mubarmadb, raf yshions Mularad aod eign ssi “Jigen 1c ln rom maineal mes onward the haf of Moroen (lie ‘lor Shri sin. Sharif have played utd pact Ince couneys story. The Mages hascfien een eeptve to theleadaship of messin or charisma fey a some ofthe mos chistes forms of popular Ilan ere fave ea the cl of tay men, sins and marbouts (mace see aoveyp. 28), andthe fonnon o eligiousfenios, ‘organised round the eligio-natary eetresof the gSuyae, The {tren of mabe pd the eto soc preeminence of the Shag ave been especially characte of Moroccan "ss, for Moroce, wid Adcseatonrdandit peony toSpsinand Portigahyhasbome te brunto! Chen stack, andthe Maslin reaction has been commersortly inne. “Th Sharfi re the dexcenans in gener of the rene ‘putin Moron most telines of Sore have traced eee ‘om he rope’ randion anand the Sais and lls spectealy waved thie descent hugh alt n's io ama Sah ay (ity Te Iisbide (ne above, pp 2-4) were theft ine of Sher 0 achieve porer io Boost, but is ensulng enor vac Barker dhnaic were dominan there However the chance of ‘he Sle een the enh cenary won the Wand poweriaFeewas lly waning Fromalasein the Sotegion bt acuthen Moroos, the Sd lin of Shy” ed come fom Arabia thle fourceadontaryyradualy xended thal power aorimards explng the Wats ftm Fee 936/549. The fll ae and es of the founder of the i's {rains jamad a Mad al- QS Als, show » toy sinc expecntion and ling of wigiows exon nd lad gaia se Cheisins, were willed by the ey Si'ds Therauoriy waepowinpomdoversinos the whale ff Moroso, andthe Bled al-Metige th sea where te [Eoverments ort ran atd where taustion and troop were ua, eased Kati exten. Ph Tun of Ales and the Portas the coasts ware needed apa Abad AE angi oospied Timbers and dareoyed se fren ng dom of Ge (oa the Nig in dhereder epee Mal) s0 at his authority extended fora tne fom Senegal Doras. “Thesoeal aa cl privileges of te Stor were no fart ‘omsoldaedandcontrmedycadhsewsslanoalisacssion. ower the nity ofthe taste weakened in the seven” seca cetary, hon ndependense movements appeared a ‘arous prs of Morocco, aod the et Sei appear, de- ‘ite Haglsh and Durch el, by 1061659. he total die Incegratin of Moroes was prevent by the PLS Sar of "Tul in ener Moroosy hoe lenders Nay arash and Maly Tens (Atonty ='My lor) eestred Shar? Shibority all troop he nd and bu ap 5 ep sanding ‘iy, wich ncuded a ore of black slave “Abd fut ‘ral Bewitkir Tn degen century, deat ooteld af the Poraguese was climate, and ead eas Were msde ‘wih the mortem European powers bat i the natch entury, ny forisn penetration of Moroes wanna. NNevericlas, intemal disorder grew in ts prod, and Morosso fought two Sastrous wars again te French (raf 844) adhe Spanish (1277/8590) The French pro- tectort prolaed in 33g ssaved Morocco mst, ‘Sd fr posse dimembement by the European power, Skoog the concuast ofthe couney by dhe Frenc on te falas bal ok some rety eas aly 374956 Morocco thew ofthe protected sas and bce once mote Independent, wit de HGH dyaany emaiing ss mona miptroonapny. Lane Poole Gon; Zama, 6. and Tables. [BN Moraga 11 History (G- ver, Sadia’ (A.Cou), "Shortt" (E-Lét-Peoveal. 1 Tess, Msuie de Mere, © sie sandareya de Corio, es wrcs ines dePired Marae de 153041895 Stier, Dynan Soins 15-1680, Darts (Batis), with dealed genetogel abe o the Sai Serve pp. 3835- ssi Sod Maat tat 2/0 ie be er 1276/3859 Sayyid al-Nahdt Se Sea accneinn tp an pl ‘Gy Wit cy ae ot sepia ay ‘eles ipnfosc hang ot eo ‘rad b "Al, known athe "Gra Sant was bor in ‘Algsen tows the ed of the cpm cennny. We ‘Sting n Fe, he was nach induced hy te denies or Saft of Morea caperaly by those ofthe Ty de, 2d er, lc rer st ingin the bere sever ‘Evi orders hel in adin oi ncaon owas Insta, developed efor and inovstory te and I heer, orgie! hin ow orig or order, he Saniys ‘ayst83) Finding hcboelnd hips posse bay GE oe the Bendy he eed a Cyraain Sever ‘Seip ligand elas ents for the Sant wore Show founded there nln i 173/896 tht of ugh ‘ea the Egypt border; as wast be he hearers of the order unt 313/89 wen was moved sowtards 1 ‘ie lon acolo Ru Th Snel menage ppl tothe docredeles of Noch Acasa he San. Yeneee ‘Son forth peso ofthe Grand Sanda corded with emai " 96 9H ‘bowmand stonontipof hose eglans bar efi onan- ation ofthe order gave hee enusins lasting eect end frp. Ixpsiton coming Nady who wel mane hesapremacy of pine Iams were ory a eves in ‘Dongola were osfow nthe Mahdiyysmovement thereof he ghen-ighicranns Te Sn hoped forsreanon {nd regener ofall ase people andthe Otoman alan ‘Abd ami ope oe he mopor on pat a Meike eee Sp os ne ie gars of kr des, acl gijo wer oon inthe fe Eee the Fert nd far ssh Wass Lae hac she ih twin ais aehe on Saban carvan "Te Sans were in he ferefon of Masti oppton ro sseFenchahne shea Sum and rene ‘yen wero provide the pit and nary drvngepower Tat he vadig pp Ere eee nthe Fret World War 93} on the alle side inviaby icine the Sandstone he "Taklh casynd th e ofthe oder, Sayyid Ama held ain Cyennia sl ip sprig thn fran the tary deco of the Slim ex n Cyremica there Icey oo Son indo Dung he Second Word ‘War, te Desh government recognised Mabammad Hy ‘hoksdieenan exis ype forsweny season ely ‘oprual ee buabo a Ai or pole and ary eer ftheSantof Cyrersen In spf bebecame ingot he Federtedkinglom of Libya, competing Cyrensn, pole fina ad the Fens 19g bcm tay te "Thor the proea of the Sandal bmilye development from Bring heads of religiun movement to the hadehip of ¢ ‘ode Ar se fe somewbat eminent ofthe Wake Shion and he Al S'0din Sod Abi arejtoonari. Zambaay oj 'l-Santa, Gray ‘Der Auf des Scheider Sens sum Heligen Kelgge’, Der Flam, 11 (1912) 14050 $23. B.E.Evans-iichaed, 7h Samu ofCoroaen( Oxford 949) NeA, Zid, Sonido «say of x vials movant bs “ala (Leiden 1958) ‘THE FERTILE CRESCENT: EGYPT SYRIA AND IRAQ. ‘ra Puaids 334-92/868-505 Beyprond Syria 254[866 Abad, Tolan 2pofsey Khumscawayh Blog Jens 285/896 Harn soa/ges Shaybin Conus by help general "a Say boe “The ‘Tulsi represent the Fist oe dynasty of Egypt and Syria to Secure autonomy rom Baghdad. Abad bs alan, (Tan < Turis do ‘al [moon vas 3 Turkish oie, “whose fthr had bee eatin the bse fom Bis the ‘ely nth etary. Alimad fst came to Egypt deputy of the Abbasid governor there, but then aeqied the governor- Ship hse, extending his power ino Palestine snd Syria so, is ambitions were fallated by the preocspaion of l= uate edi a A's Brot and el ruler inte eaihate-with the Zanj rb in Lowe Tragic ‘meant tht Alad could not Be dil fromm the mest, Under Alad's som Klumirewayb, the Tolnide fstnes comin tebe high Tho new ei aaa hal on his sti in stew gn Khang ond hs he {Se hit years Egypt, Syria othe Taurus Mona acre (es notien Nesapouaiia) wih the exception of Mowat ie o ‘tum fora ibe of 000 dias, The ey wale = ‘ied ina form les fvoumbl othe Taide 396 noe {al Khumnrawaph's death ina ha the ae of thee ‘empire, weakened By Khuevwayhs okies exrsagance, ‘Byun fo cack The inability of the st Tuoi o keep the ‘Gara eligiussecares Ofte Syrian det nce Je ‘Secalph despa an sy weich conquered Spi and then Sted th Tala cptl of Fuso OU Caio, cxying of ‘he remaiing mame of the Ely to Haga or gp er eo ui was golden one Abad ill power by meant of alge ‘yy io wich Turks Goto and black Nubian predomi ‘std, bur th sung nancial burden was allel forthe people of Pvp by thea of goverment mapratons ‘aly under Kitmtravayt ei denise chaos and nse ‘rdnation i she army pear. Sie Syea exe beat be ld fom Egypt hy sea, Aad so bull srr Het He was 3 (reat builder nical Fu ayng out theese lary (ater of s-Qasi and conscious mong ‘Seommodieall hot oop who could not find room athe ome of Ame bahp. rognarty Lane Poole 68; Zaman, 95 0 Tlnids’ (HLAL GID}. 2M Hasan, Lee Tuli ede de Egypte rasan la “find Xs (Pac 193) (0. Grabs, coinage of he Pans Ameian Numismasic ‘Society Numiamatie Notes and Manograpi No. 139, New York 57)

You might also like