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Eclipse Scanned Handout

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267 views

Eclipse Scanned Handout

eclipse manual

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greg
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© © All Rights Reserved
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About this Manual Learning Objectives .. . Beata taal taal What You Will Need What to Expect Course Conventions . . loons 2.2.2.0... Summary . Module 1: Reservoir Simulation Overview Introduction ..... Prerequisites Learning Objectives . Lesson 1: What is Reservoir Simulation? Blackoil and Compositional Models . The General Solve Method ..... Questions Lesson 2: An Introduction to ECLIPSE Discussion of Results and Input Data ... Why a Reservoir and its Simulation Differ Why Simulate a Reservoir? . Why ECLIPSE? ECLIPSE Features . . . A Short Tour of ECLIPSE Blackoil How ECLIPSE Works . . Static Reservoir Description . PVT and Rock Data Initialization Data . Well Data ....... : te eenee Reservoir Simulation with ECLIPSE Questions . Lesson 3: Interacting with ECLIPSE Input / Output Structure . Output Styles Output Files . Log File or Short Output. The CONFIG File Directory Structure . cane Utility Macros Sea G a Data File Format Questions ....... ECLIPSE Blackoil Reservoir Simulation Workflow/Solutions Training, Version 2.0 OnRoOnns Review Questions Summary . Module 2: RUNSPEC Section Leaming Objectives . eet Lesson 1: Set up the RUNSPEC Section Memory Allocation . RUNSPEC Keywords . .. Questions Flees Lesson 2: Special Topics Parallel Processing e6 ese ssc cosa, Converting Fixed Format RUNSPEC to Free Format Creating aFastRestart 3. ae Questions... Smee eee Exercise 1: Running a Single Well Coning Model... Questions ........ 2, “sie Stine thvaig} i swsdn cages. i Exercise 2: Creating the RUNSPEC Section for the SNARK Field . Review Questions : ee Summary ....... Module 3: GRID Section Learning Objectives . . Lesson 1: Grid Types .. Comer Point . Block-Centered Radial . ; Unstructured (PEBI) ... ay * 28K Re Implications of Block-Centered vs. Corner Point Radial versus Cartesian Models Questions BBR Iae rege Lesson 2: Grid Cell Property Definition E 7 Data Organization and Reading Conventions. Cartesian Grids... .. Radial Grids 62... Grid Cell Properties: inactive Cells. Grid Cell Property Definition . Assigning Grid Cell Properties . Questions 0 Lesson 3: Local Grid Refinement aa Introducing a Cartesian Local Grid Refinement Example: Cartesian Refinement. i ECLIPSE Blackot Reservoir Sinuiaton Workflow/Solutons Trahing, Vert | Example: Amalgamated Refinements. . Introducing a Radial Local Grid Refinement Example: Radial Refinement : Adjusting the Size of Local Grid Refinements (Optional) Example: Adjusting the Size of an LGR . . Le Modifying Properties (Optional) Questions oe emenerecee Lesson 4: Transmissibility Calculations . . Non-Neighbor Connections Transmissibility ....... Cartesian Transmissibility Equations Transmissibility Modification ....... Output Control Questions . Lesson 5: EDIT Section | Multiplying Cell Pore Volume Using MULTPV Questions . ; Exercise 1: Working with the GRID Section in the SNARK Field Viewing Results in Petre! . ignated Viewing Results in ECLIPSE Office Questions Exercise 2: Adding Local Grid Refinement (Optional) . Questions . Exercise 3: Modifying Fault Transmissibilty (Optional) Questions ; Review Questions . Summary ....... 00... Module 4: PROPS Section Learning Objectives 2.02.02... eee 197 Lesson 1: Introducing PVT. . rc) Black Oil Overview . Geeta . 99 Black Oil versus Compositional Simulation . 103 Questions . Leese 105 Lesson 2: Specifying Fluid Properties in ECLIPSE Blackoil ...... 105 Phase Options . 105 The Oil Equation of State . 107 The Gas Equation of State . .. . 116 The Water Equation of State . . 122 Reference Densities . ceed Eifree wen sse ss 428 Questions eee Hisneese cue cece 124 FCI IPSE Rlarknd Recarunie Ginantat 07 worsien ‘Bue, SuoRIoSyMoIDHONA UosEnAS YONESeY Hor BSef195 Bp ersten tpeaecicteette splonfey aun Burkjoedg Of Meee Peewee we tees Tit eee planta anding, GOL etree reece Spiomfey UonDeg SNOIOSY yon seu sate oR EH ots oe “* Bulodey 10) WaNelld :z ejdwexsy vot ; © dlonlasey 30e]U09 eidnInW Joy WANTDS "| e\dwex3 POL seers “""""""" uonseg SNOIOZY eu dn jeg *) uosse7 ol Se es * senjoe{qo Bulues) UOHO8S SNOIDSY s eInpow VOL PAH EERE ence smeztiy syn cme tas set tue ou cv sgcas Arewung LoL * suonsen meiney ool i Pisenwnitig iat basses vss guongen (leuondo) uonoun4 uoneineg leUIBUI ety Buleog :g esiolexsy GGh rer ewetnwenssesaerae nce tise med BD dpe ope oe stiehesricg ES) "71 Piel HUWNS 8U) U! suoNDes SNOIDSY Pue SdOMd + esiolexg zsh es pee Joxyuo9 ynding zsh suogsendy ost Buljeog ainssaig Arejided :g ajdwexa, GL ee etter Bumjeog esnssarg Areyideg ebL “* UMD J0 Buljedg jeomen ry ejdwexy ih Pusat Gunes mg, Oph Uoneimes J9}eM [eONLID Jo BuyEDg JUlog-¢ :¢ eldwexy ne ert Cees} SER yes enen a5 Bumeops guOLE ae Buyeog qulod-¢ snsiea yulog-z * Slujod-pug eldniny Bujeog feyuozuoH :z @jdurexg zee Uoneimes 1978) feoNUD Jo Buyeog jeyUOZUOH :, e\dWexg lee * BUIIEDS qulod-pus feyoZUOH BunUEWE;dUL] ov eee “** Buyeog JeyuozuoHY Obl Buyeog eige1 uoneineg :¢ uosso7 mo Seiten eee suopgenty eel * 7") Auiqeeuueg eagejey eseyg-sesyy set arr some Uonesnjes PED rr eee nea gases "77°" uonluyeg uoyouny uonesmeg "7" ABojoujuue, julodpuz uonesmes i “* Ayiqisseidwuog yooy * Suonoun, uoHEunes - senedoig yoy “} Uosse] Tree i ie ape “ Bupjoei1 idy Buisn sedi ing eldainwy Buiuysq SuoIBey LAd Bulsn sadky Ad eldginwy Buuyag Seatac Plomhey SWdYYLXA Soido, JeuoNIppy :¢ uosseq, SZL Set Review Questions .................. a rt a 168 ET lurs ie eres Pavacad og iesresetat Pe rsee tees: aecan eaeeieceratsaeeanceteaiiaar 168 Module 6: SOLUTION Section Learning Objectives . ; 172 Lesson 1: Intalization by Equilpration 172 Equilibration Algorithm . Initial Phase Saturation . ' owe Initial Phase Saturation in the Transition Zone Block Center Equilibration Level and Tilted Block Fine Grid Equiibration Quiescence ........... Mobile Fluid Correction . Other Equilibration Topics . Initial Solution Ratios . Questions ....... : Lesson 2: Restarts and Enumeration .. Restaris 2.00... Output Controls Questions ” Lesson 3: Aquifer Modeling Facilities Specifying Numerical Aquifer Specifying Analytical Aquifer Specifying Flux Aquifer . Specifying Grid Cell Aquifer Numerical Aquifers... . Fetkovich Aquifers .. Carter-Tracy Aquifers . Flux Aquifers. . Grid Cell Aquifers . Output Controls Questions . See ae eee ts Exercise 1: nitiaizing the SNARK Field = 198 Question... ; 200 Exercise 2; Working with Other Equilibrium Options (Optional) ........ 200 Questions 0.2.0.0... bebe eee ecseeeteteveseceeee sees: 201 Review Questions . 201 Summary » 202 OZ worsen EAL SUOMnIOgMOD}.ON LoREMS HOKECoY POPPE ISAO 992 HOHE rec ieshn uny yesey seq e Buneald coz vues ss sesso 20- Una ueisey elgixely e BUI BOE eee mcecegtinne coteesnet® UBIBERE oer ern tee * HOVELNOM 319g sjiem BumNS S}OEGIND pUE SIeAdHO/M OHEWOINY ‘s}WUIT OILIOUODS [18M cee eertee tees * voRIUYeq UWI oIOUOSy pr "* SPinid peveelul pue peonpoig 10} BUINOS : ; Jouog dnoig GOYdNOOM ‘serey J26ve 1 jleM BuMES * uonoIpeld 0} BuyoieWy ArsIH oY LoRISUEJ, " S}0RUCD eM UoRatPeld foeds :€ Uoss= * uoRsENH “evens YBnouupreaig sayy Buryorewy AVOISIH :Z estot0%3 ** UORSEND Bye 7 lst eV oun Buyorew ‘Aroisiy 31 estor0x3 AREER Some sso “» guogsend, * sjonuog yndino Spionnheyy J2A0.1O/, UOLILIOD Bez GN PUP ISL ‘SaLVG ‘uoReUIUNE, pue souerpy UoREINWIS “ez “+ pened ul ABa}ENg A1oysi}} ect ee reer tie pers ALSIHNOOM :s8¥ey UoRONpog |; painseay, sez WP iame syonuog trem [OUO}SIH] Ayloedg :z uosse7 Bee eee eieti ate oe ine eee eee rere suogsenp vez * sluSWeUyeY PUD [e907] UI S|ja/V\ BulDe|q} bez" * LVddN09 ‘uoneoypadg uojosuu0g lez * SO3dSTAM ‘eM e Buy ozz * SSdI103 Ut seigeL dan dn Bunies ole * uoneoyloeds ening 4A siz * aunjons uon98g SINGSHOS YoreW Al0}SIH siz “*7 7" Pus eu 01 suonoeuued 11441 pue sony SuyO :| UoSseT Gig este ebeee * uoyoIpald snsien BulyoeW A10}SIH, Zig te : ms sid oeikta #Enmet a Janene senjoeiqg Bulues ¥oH29g AINGAHOS :8 eInpow Avewuns, * suogseny meloy * Splonayy josjucg yndyno ” splomKeyy eouewoyieg so}eINWIg “uonoes AYWIWNS eu dn 18g ‘1 UOsse7 ae senoeiqo Bulwesq YOHSeS AYVININNS ‘2 eInpoy Questions . Exercise 3: Recovery Optimizing ini the SNARK ‘Field . Creating a Do Nothing Base Case 2.0.00. cence Setting up Group Production Control . Implementing Water Injection Configuring Voidage Replacement Setting up Production Balancing 7 Creating a Gas Reinjection Strategy .... Question....... Exercise 4: Running ECLIPSE 300 i in ‘Black Oil Mode . Review Questions ... Summary Module 9: Convergence Leaming Objectives... 02... cece cee eee eee ee eee eee Lesson 1: Inroduction fo Convergence Issues and Troubleshooting Convergence Reports Speeding up ECLIPSE Timesteps ; Non-Linear and Linear Iterations Simulator Control: TUNING .... Common Causes of Problems . . Treatment of Local Grid Refinements Convergence Checklist... . Review Questions Summary ECLIPSE Blackoil Reservoir Simulation Workflow!Solutions Training, Version 2.0 267 .» 268 . 268 269 . 273 . 274 . 274 2. 277 . 278 vil Schlumberger bout this Manual The ECLIPSE Blackoil Reservoir Simulation course acquaints you with the construction of simulation models using the features that are common to all installations of ECLIPSE. As such, it takes the structure of a guided tour of the input data and incorporates a discussion of the most common ECLIPSE keywords and facilities. During this course, you will become acquainted with the basic features and keywords of the ECLIPSE black oil simulator. An overview of the input data and file handling characteristics is followed by a presentation of each section of the input data followed by a practical exercise. Taken together, the exercises construct a simulation model from scratch, followed by matching the simulated past production to the measured production and future recovery optimization by simulating several production scenarios. The course incorporates tuition in the use of the Petrel Reservoir Engineering post-processor as an integral part, and the relationship between ECLIPSE and other pre-and post- processors in the Schlumberger Information Solutions Simulation Software suite is explained. Learning Objectives The learning objective for this training is to give you an understanding of reservoir simulation using ECLIPSE Blackoil. At the end of this training, you will * understand how the simulator initializes and executes + define block centered and corner point grid geometry + describe rock and fluid properties * allocate initial pressure and saturation distributions * define aquifers “+ control wells under history matching and production regimes * comprehend the ECLIPSE file structure * understand input rules * specify and edit input and output data * build and execute a simulation model * analyze results through post processing. ECLIPSE Blackoll Reservoir Simulation Workflow Snlitiane Trainina. Varainn 2.0 ‘About this Manual About this Manual ‘Schlumberger What You Will Need To complete this training, you will need the following hardware and applications: + Microsoft Windows PC, compatible with Petrel and ECLIPSE + Training data sets + ECLIPSE 2008.1 should be installed with the full set of applications and licensing for at least ECLIPSE Blackoil and the Local Grid Refinement option + Petrel 2008.1 with the latest patches should be installed and should include at least the Petrel Reservoir Engineering license. For more information, please consult the ECLIPSE and Petrel installation guides. What to Expect In each module within this training material, you will encounter the following: * Overview of the module * Prerequisites to the module (if necessary) * Leaming objectives + Aworkflow component + Lesson(s), which explain about a subject or an activity in the workflow + Procedure(s), which show the sequence of steps needed to perform a task + Exercises, which allow you to practice a task by using the ‘steps in the procedure with a data set * Questions about the module * Scenario-based exercises * Summary of the module You will also encounter notes, tips and best practices. ECLIPSE Btackol Reservoir Simutaion Workllow/Solutions Training, Version 2.0 Schlumberger ‘About this Manual Course Conventions Characters typed in | Represent references to dialog box names Bold and application areas or commands to be performed. For example, "Open the Open Asset Model dialog," or "Choose Components.” Used to denote keyboard commands. For example, "Type a name and press Enter." Identifies the name of Schlumberger software applications, such as ECLIPSE or Petrel Characters inside <> | Indicate variable values that the user must triangle brackets supply, such as and . Characters typed in | Represent file names or directories, such as italics "... edit the file sample.dat and..." Represent lists and option areas in a window, such as Attributes list or Experiments area. Identifies the first use of important terms or concepts. For example, "compositional simulation..." or “safe mode operation.” Characters typed in| Represent code, data, and other literal text the fixed-width | user sees or types. For example, enter 0.7323. NOTE: Some of the conventions used in this manual indicate the information to enter, but are not part of the information. For example: Quotation marks and information between brackets indicate the information you should enter. Do Not include the quotation marks or brackets when you type your information. ——— Instructions to make menu selections are also written using bold text and an arrow indicating the selection sequence, as shown: 1. Click File menu > Save (the Save Asset Model File dialog box opens.) OR Click the Save Mode! toolbar button. An ‘OR’ is used to identify an alternate procedure. FP) IDE Riacvail Raceninl 02 arse “EuyUEsy suoENosmMoILOM UOREIU JoKesex IOCRIG BECIOA + “semnpow fenpwpu io} 40 ‘98309 24} 40) paanbar ere yeu) seqsmbe eid ‘Aue seyquap| woot stu, seysinbaiaig ‘anpow wwexin> 24) 10) 10 “asm09 @u 0} Ino yes senyzefgo Suse ‘ue soyuap) woo] SUL “@sin09 a4} 10j paunoay levee 4840 0 ‘sjeseiep ‘arempuey ‘suojeoydde ue seqeoppu uo} sa pesu IVANOAyeUM ‘saanoelqo Gumus) = ‘empesoid } “yse] uange ‘uy soqped of winy nok | uuopred 0} peunbou sds (94) soyuap! woo! su Ul SeunLep) uo! SL S41 4) SeqeDIpu UoD| SUL espoioxa, ‘@mnpow yoe9 Jo pup eure suoysenb mapas Suopsan MaIAay J | sompo2oid | ‘aidoq zemnayed “uossa| peo “ones eusosp ) siano9 Yotupa ‘uossey 4J0 pue ut R suoysenb ‘uum pea2o.d 0} paou nok soapy uo! su, ‘844 SeunueP o>! SIAL. ‘uayps Se}eo)PUl UOD! SELL ‘suosso7 ‘suogseno sbuuena “araenene ‘are suojdo warayp uoyn “wepoduy) Avemaqued ‘sa1se8 Se] UaNB e woped of kara sr uopeuosu, Buysoyo) Hor InOK exeW WAL | seq euy Seqeoppur uodt sty) ‘yy ey Saye Uo! SEL dye o}neK stud uooi si | seonoeid og sevony sd / Wl “SUBBU LOD! YORS JEYM JO SUOIOSAp JO} Buimojjoy au; 2ag 7X9} peyeloosse Jey) Jo suepulwes soue|b-e-e SE 8AJ8S SUOD! assy) “UOHEUWOJU! JO SpUly sNoWeA BuUesesded UIBseW @4y UJ SUOD! PUY {JM NOA ‘yenuew si qnoyBnowys suo9| seBsequinyos renueyy sy) neqy ‘Schlumberger About this Manual Summary In this introduction, we have + indicated prerequisites + described the learning objectives for this training + outlined the tools you will need for this training + discussed what you will encounter within this material In the following modules, an overview of the input data and file handling characteristics is followed by modules on each section of the input data. ECLIPSE Bleckoil Reservelr Simulation Workfiow/Soluttons Training, Version 2.0 5 ‘Schlumberger Reservoir Simulation Overviow Module 1 Reservoir Simulation LO eVaY TaN] ECLIPSE contains several features discussed in the advanced user courses, which supplement this course. This training does not specifically address the methodology of reservoir simulation, engineering data preparation and analysis or conduct of simulation studies. For information on Schlumberger Information Solutions (SIS) courses on these and other aspects of reservoir simulation and engineering, ask your instructor or contact your local Training Administrator. Introduction This module provides an overview of Reservoir Simulation, in general and the ECLIPSE Blackoil simulator, in particular. The information in this module sets a foundation upon which you will build as you progress through the rest of the course. Prerequisites To successfully complete this course, you must have the following: + English proficiency + Basic Windows and practical computing skills + Arreservoir engineering background. Learning Objectives After completing this module, you will «have a basic appreciation of the physics governing reservoir fluid flow + have @ basic understanding of how the physics are treated differently by ECLIPSE Blackoil, ECLIPSE Compositional and FrontSim ECLIPSE Blackall Reservoir Simulation Worktlow/Soluions Treining, Version 2.0 Reservoir Simulation Overview ‘Schlumberger + be able to state a simplified version of the flow equations used by ECLIPSE and discuss the types of data appearing in each term * be able to list the various ECLIPSE sections and relate each to the flow equation discussed above * have a basic appreciation of the ECLIPSE data file format and the role of the various pre- and post-processing applications that may appear in a reservoir simulation workflow * be able to list the most commonly used ECLIPSE output files and discuss their contents + be able to explain the difference between the four types of output styles and how to select each of them. yg Lesson1 Whatis Reservoir Simulation? Reservoir simulation is a form of numerical modeling used to quantify and interpret physical phenomena with the ability to extend these to project future performance. The process involves dividing the reservoir into several discrete units in three dimensions, and modeling the progression of reservoir and fluid properties through space and time in a series of discrete steps The equation solved for each cell and each timestep is a combination of the material balance equation and Darcy’s Law. Darcy's Law (without gravity term): Eyp 7 Material Balance Equation (Mass Flux = Accumulation + Inj/Prod): 6 -~V-M=<(dp)+Q a?) Simulator Flow Equation (with gravity term): VLAwP- pray =F (6) +S ot a EOLIPSE Blackol Reser Sinlaten Werklow/Soluions Training, Version 2.0 07 waste ‘Buus, SuONIOS MOIrHON UOpEITIIS AONBSEH FOXTEIG asa I93 so|skyd at eAjos 0} sanbiuyse, —_z eunBig spl oyesedes uo panos ynq | pezieiosip suopenbs Buwiencg » — igus UoTENUNg aUNULELS 6 . suogounysiseq J tmxm ueu Bujsn penjos suonenbe Buwenog » faye juoWwa!y oui sdowe]y Apunog ¢ = aban) puB poxy e uo pezjeiosip suonenba Bulwieneg » §— agaoa sousseyig 2; lye “sy[Nseu [nasn UJe}Qo 0} JUsWHpn/ Buuseu!bus punos IM UoOUN{UCS UF pasn eq JsnW pUe Jo} e lUO Ss! JOVE|NWIS eB ‘Aja}EWNIN (SAdWI) UoNeIN}eg YWoydxy ‘einssaig yo1duy) pue (3jneyep ASdI793) Yo!Udwy! A\jny - sa\Bojopoyjew yuaseyip. ose are araty ‘yoeoidde eouasayip eyuy ayy UILIM\ “WIS}UOd pue 3SdI193 U! peydde uognjos Jo edAj ay} smoys Z eunBi4 -uonenbs Buyjinsas 2} SAjOs 0} pasn aq UeD Jey] SaNbiuyo9} jesanas ase e194) “pauinbay osje si ‘| ainBi4 Ul UMOYs SUO ay} se YoNs ‘jepol ||am y Jepow eA, pean ren Fog Fy Ty Pag tg s+ Cy" wy WI 69 sean yqpsuiSUBL| ort epee A qo ED AUER Spo) | — Hug — OF auNSSeld IPPON Tape A GL mayen UOREINUIG JOUER CH ~ “a ~ a)" 1 = “2 aleym sefuaqunyos Reservoir Simulation Overview Schlumberger i NOTE: The ECLIPSE Blackoil simulator is sometimes referred to as ECLIPSE 100 and the ECLIPSE Compositional simulator is sometimes referred to as ECLIPSE 300. Blackoil and Compositional Models Within the category of the finite difference solution technique, there is also the consideration of the handling of fluid composition. There are two options available in ECLIPSE — Black oil models and Compositional models. The ECLIPSE Blackoil simulator assumes that oil and gas phases can each be represented as one component through time. The properties of this “component” can change with pressure and temperature, but the composition does not change. The ECLIPSE Compositional simulator tracks each component of the oil and gas in the reservoir (C1-methane, C2-ethane, and so forth). This method is used to model fluids near the critical point where changes in the pressure and temperature of the compositional system can result in very different fluid behavior. Models include + Black oil simulators, such as ECLIPSE Blackoil * Oil and gas phases are represented by one component + Assumes the composition of gas and oil components are constant relative to pressure and time * Compositional simulators, such as ECLIPSE Compositional Oil and gas phases are represented by multi-component mixtures + Assumes the reservoir fluids are at all temperatures, pressures + Composition and time can be represented by EOS. The General Solve Method Reservoir simulation basics can be summarized in these steps: 1. Divide the reservoir into several cells. 2, Provide basic data for each cell. ECLIPSE Blackol Reservar Simulation Workllow/Solutions Training, Version 2.0 i" 077 uosten “BUMIELL SURES MeAPHOM LoRETUNS JONSSEY log ag703 i ‘@siNOo 3yy jnoUBnouYy) UOeNbe & SIU} 0} WINYOI |IIM ey “‘BUIAOS S| 3gqi793 Jeu) SuoWeNba 8uy jNoge YuIU} 0} Aem jnyasn e SI ¢ aNBly uJ UOWeNbe ey! sai. moyasdi0a = ¢ aunBi4 uogonpoig | | seiedory || saedoig tem Pini, ‘B Aqeuioag pn aisles JaieA ip iabeea emu =MOl4 SHOMJSU SOBLINS PUL SIJOM BY} LILY Moly « uone|duios jjam 24 0} YooIq PUB ayy Woy Moy « Jeyjoue 0} 490/q pub auo Woy Mo|4 + @pnjoul slonsasay ayy Uy MOY B4j OUSNYU! OF PUS} JEU} |EBPOW UORE|NWIS 94} Jo sed ayy 6 ASdI103 0} uoHONpoAU| Uy —_Z UOSseq Euoneinuis fevonisodwo5 ue UoNeINUIs [loyoe|g UBeMjag SeoUsJaUIP ay Ne YEU + Eloy9eIg ASdITO3 U! paridde sj anbiuyos} uoANjos YOUN, + Esuoyenbe MOY JO}E[NWUIS AY} SAUEP 0} pasn ase suoHenbs omy yey + “M@IAOJ PUL LOISSNOSIp Joy ase suOASanb aseu| @ suolyseno 6 SINPOW UI! BujureEs} 2uy Jo pus 84} Je peyussaid S| poyJs UO|Njos ay] jnoqe UOREULOJU! BO) “seuo Buo| UU @A/OS 0} (J@y9INb) JaIses ase SdayseWA Yous ‘jesoUeb U| ‘deysewl} ® Anjos 0} payinbes elu 84) 0} payejau AjoauIp S| japow UoHE|NWIS 94) Ul Si}80 Jo Jequinu ayy Os ‘AJsnosuUe}|NUUIS Panjos $| 1|80 YRS 112M yoes Wo. aseyd Yee Jo UOHONpoid se jem se ‘4O0/G yoes soy uoeinyes pue ainssaid ey} pjelA 0} suojenbe eNjog “S ‘aul Jo UOROUN e se sayeJ UONONpoud jJam Ajloads “py “SI180 4) UIYIIM SII9M UOH'SOd “E maven UoyeInus JouRSeY seBioquiniyos Reservoir Simulation Overview Schlumberger To accurately predict future production, the simulation model must be able to mimic historical production rates. An understanding of the data, their associated uncertainties and their scale is essential to building a useful model. The following discussion illustrates possible areas of divergence between the reality (reservoir) and the model (simulation). Discussion of Results and Input Data When using ECLIPSE Blackoil, you should always bear in mind these caveats: + The model is not identical to the reservoir + Model performance depends on data quality and quantity * The model reflects the reservoir behavior if the reservoir is accurately represented + Data must be validated, that is history matched + Data modifications must be physically viable and justified * The model contains artifacts which are functions of the model construction. Why a Reservoir and its Simulation Differ Input data are uncertain. A measurement of any kind has an | associated uncertainty. For instance, permeability estimates based on core flooding will yield a range of values centered on an | average. Deciding whether the available measurements are adequate to calculate an average permeability and which of the measurements really do represent the required permeability is an | essential task. NOTE: Uncertainty in the input data should be kept in mind throughout a simulation study. It should guide the history match and sensitize the prediction runs. I One of the largest parts of a simulation study consists of gathering | the available data and judging the reliability and relevance of every part of it. This is often much more time-consuming than constructing a simulation model | I ECLIPSE Blacol Resersir Simulation WorktlowSolutons Training, Version 2.0 072 uolsn ‘GuUIA, suoprjogaMOIHOM UOREIMUIS HoNes=y joxoea aSalT03 peeseid SJE SONsJe}OBJEY MOY By} ey} Yons dn pajeos Jo/pue pebeiene used eney saitiedoid anoge ay} j[e J! yoos sionasal au ulse fem SWES 84} Ul UOWE|NWIS BU} U! 1/89 Jey} YBNOIY) Moy AJUO |JIM ping ‘doye|Nuils ey) Aq julod ajGuls & SE pa}lel} S| |]89 SY) ‘Savino aunsseud (uelideo pue Al|iqeeued @AHE|84 JO Jas & snjd ssouB-o}-Ju & 'Z pue A ‘x Ul saNIIGeeuEd 9814} ‘Asouod jo anjen ajBuls e eazy ‘Wig, » WOOL » WOOL ‘WHE 40 Uidep & ye eq Aew |I80 puB Uone|nus e[Buls e ‘2ouR)sUI 104 eoueUUopied J@pow ey} JHE 0} punog s! sjulod ajalosip ye saniedoud 24} 3810 0} paBelane ale sejiedoid sjonsasal yolym ul Aem ayy Os ‘sjoalqo Xa|dwoo pue abie] juaseides Syulod esay) “spiny yo Sejoe}de0e1 pue syuls ‘seounos se Bunoe sjulod yo uoO8]|00 & se SIEM pue JJoAIasal 84) [EPO suO}eINWIS |]y “aoUeWOPed jepow! 94} Je] JEU} SJORINIE SeoNposU! jopow UOHEINWIS ay “papinoud si suoyenba moyul Jo soloyo e aseo YoIUM. ur ‘0} payeuuod ase Kay} sij90 PUB ey} WO sjjam OJ! MOY JO} KJUO quenajes Ayjensn s1 sys “eisd gog'e Ajayewlxosdde Woy Aijeord Ay ‘sainsseid Mo] 0} oje|PeLue}UI Je MOY seB eax jo soUEUAD Pelle¥9p ey} Buljepow 0} payinsun aye os pue spiny aqissesdwioo AlyBiy 0} Aidde jou op suoyenba souassyip ayy ‘soueysul 104 “Panjos ase suojenbe sousieyip JESUIT} JO WO} OU] UI SUOeLUIXOUdde ‘peajsu| “sjapow Jo }sa/duIs Ale Ou) JO} ABP @Ajos AjUO UD sio}e|NWUIS yey) UOHENbS jenuaseylp jensed seaul)-uou e si peseq si UoREINUNIS YoIyAM Uo UoHenbe Ajaisnyip ay ‘swa}sAs snonuQUOD 0} suoHeWXosdde feoueunu ejeJOsip [je ese sj|apow UO}eINWIg "sessed uyey189 Buljepou 0} paynsun eq Aew aremyos uonejnwis oy. “payejodeyxe JO pauaju! Jey}Y9 S} UOEWOJU! jeo!Bojoa6 ‘siy; puokag, “HEJ@p fesnjonys jeuoHIppe sepiacid eyep oIwWsles ‘uoIBe Jey} Puofaq solsLe}oeseyo JOAIase, @4} UO UOeWJOJU! jeseUaB aWOS snjd uolBes aBeuresp [Jom ou} Uy UOHEWOJU! SapIAoid e}ep Ia, “umouxun aq Aew sonsise}oeseyo pue sessedod s0Mesoy “WOAlesel ay} 0} eouR|qWAsal leloyJedns eB Jeeg Aluessedou JOU Sep jepol LOHEINWIs By “aquosep 0} pepuUatu! SI}! SOHSHBJOBIEYO JOAIOSE1 84) JUBSa!des Ajayeino0e sn eyep yndul 8U} ‘JJoMesey ay) se Kem ewes 94) Ul eABYaq 0} SI |aPOW OU} JI never uonenus sonesey sebsequnyes Reservoir Simulation Overview Schlumberger The procedure for doing this is known as upscaling and is essentially a means of countering errors introduced by discretizing the reservoir. Why Simulate a Reservoir? Methods for handling uncertainty have become increasingly used to ald companies in spending limited capital budgets on the ‘best’ opportunities in their portfolio of fields and prospects. Typical uses of reservoir simulation include * Asset valuation for accurate determination of recoverable reserves + Asset management Determine the most economical perforation method, well pattern, number of wells to drill and injection rates Determine appropriate facilities. + Uncertainty management Estimate financial risk of exploration prospects and early life cycle fields Assess the effects of early gas or water breakthrough or coning Estimate means of meeting gas deliverability contracts. In addition to those uses listed here, many government agencies require simulation prior to approval of secondary and tertiary optimization programs. Why ECLIPSE? ECLIPSE originated from ECL in the late 1970s. At the time, ECL | specialized in seismic data acquisition and quality control, and it became apparent that diversification into dynamic flow modeling would be advantageous. | Although several reservoir simulators were available at the time, | the most popular commercial simulators were not fully implicit and did not use fully implicit well models. The team of reservoir engineers and software developers chosen | by ECL was particularly well-placed to create a new product ECLIPSE Blacloll Reservor Simulation Workllow/Solutions Training, Version 2.0 aia wopeynug HOMES 07 uotsien ‘Bumues) SYORIOSMOYHIOY) UoRe Ug yORIESEY IODEIB BSeM703 “sJuaWeUYya: pug. IGAd pue peiajued yoo|q "Jujod-ueuiog « suoydo Anewoes IDs pue ‘ung ‘Wall ‘xNUI] pue smopUIM Def JO) Hoddns uMOge|d-nnyy SpNjoul SuoHe|[e}sU! |[e Ul B1GeII2Ae SUondo ASdi19a aIseq sy seunjee4 ASdI194 paeu /eLysnpul Jo siseq ay} UO SenuAUOD JUsLUdojanag ASdI194 Uo Bupyom ssedojanap jo wee} payesipeq djey sesn apinoid 0} pjiom ay jo sped Auew ul swieey poddng (wigjuos4 pue jeuoptsoduiod aSdI104 ‘!049"1g 3SdI19a) SUONNJOg UOEWUOJU| JeBIequin|yog Aq parayo suoyeinuis 40 sadA} aaJy} a4) USENyaq sjapolU jo JaJsUeN siqisee4 1Se0M ue dus ‘LLAd ‘eINPEYDS “WS ‘PHOS 'Z1A14 ‘QdQue|d pue e10q}12M 4eeN Bulpnjou!) 89440 ASdI193 ‘IddA ‘Bupeeujbuz sonesey jes}eq ‘synsai yo Buissaooid Pue uonjesedaud eyep ae31119e} 0} seBeyoed Aueyjoue Aue, aunjeay uo-ppe seindod e si uondo Bulsseooud jeljesed uy -(sesueo!| uolsue}x¥ 3SdI193) seinjeas uo-ppe pazijeioeds snid ‘soueusos juatudojenep Auew Buyjapow ‘sainjeay anisuayxy suuogeld Auew uo payoddns pue egg} cosioues4 UBS 44S eu} Je peyoune| SEM}! B0UIs BIqel|a1 Pue ysNqol aq O} Uenoid pue pa}sal asdI1903 @q Ajuo ued }! ‘pom ayy jo sped uleyse U| ‘selousbe juewuuero6 Auew pue seiuedwos jlo je jsouyje Aq peasy) ‘8SE9)91 }Sil} OU] BOUIS SOLU] |eIeAes pabueYO sey ABojOUYOS} By} 40 diysaumo a4) YBnoujle ‘Aepo} si 113s pue adosny ul ea10Y9 Jo JoyeINUIJs ay ewedeq Aipides JSdIIOA “Sd 86) ul peounouue SPM "3SdI193 ‘Joye|nuiis Mau ey} Jo eseejas [e|JeWWIOD ySy SUL ‘Joyeinuus SYOd 84 UUM PasJdn jjam Alan aJaM Wal} JO SOW BOUIs ‘sesnjeay asoy] BuIAeYy soBsoquuni4es Reserveir Simuiation Overview Schlumberger + Fluid flow options * Endpoint scaling * Gravity segregated and dispersed flows + Drainage and inbibition with . + Well features Well is solved fully implicit Automatic workovers and drilling Prioritization and guide rate control Platform constraints at field level and pass to sub-groups Economic constraints Cross-flow Nested actions. Optional extensions to ECLIPSE to mode! special reservoir situations are also available. All of the features in ECLIPSE extension licenses are contained in one program, but only the basic features are available with a basic ECLIPSE license. The additional features are purchased separately and activated together with the basic facilities by license extensions. No reinstallation of ECLIPSE is necessary to activate additional features. ECLIPSE Blackoil Extension licenses include these capabilities: + LGR * Calorific value control + Parallel * Gaslift optimization + Flux boundary + Coalbed methane * Data check * Pseudo compositional + Multi-segmented wells + Reservoir coupling * Surface networks + Gradients * Gas filed operations * Environmental tracers * Open ECLIPSE * Foam, solvent, polymer and surfactant + Geomechanics * COy storage ECLIPSE Backoi Reservoir Simulatn Workflow/Solutions Training, Version 2.0 07 Uosrey “Buyyess SUORNIESMOWHON, Uopeuns JIMESEH POODEIE 3Sdr103 Vivd’ ‘lepow asdi193 oy aang ToqeUHTe pue jomuoS

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