eS [= : ae = Sez TELS Slag Fleiss vies a le rele tls | _ Fie Fs . S.INAWA TH JHL dO ATEVL OIGOMad AIon = An atom or a group of atoms with a charge. Remember that an atom has an equal number of protons (+) and electrons (-) and so it’s overall charge is zero. Mg*? (Magnesium as a +2 cation) If the ion has a positive charge, subtract the charge’s numerical value from the number of protons to find the number of electrons. (12 protons - 2 = 10 electrons) Cl (Chlorine as a -1 anion) If the ion has a negative charge, add the charge’s numerical value to the number of protons to find the number of electrons. (17 protons + 1 = 18 electrons) Periodic Table of the ElementsName Date Class CHAPTER 6 REVIEW ACTIVITY —_— Subatomic Particles Text Reference: Section 6-19 ‘The three particles found inside the atom are the proton (charge = +1), the-neutron (charge = 0), and the electron (charge = —1). In an uncharged atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons. However, an atom may become charged by the gain or loss of electrons. The net charge is then the algebraic sum of the charges of its protons and'electrons. "The number of protons in an atom is called its atomic number. The total number of protons and neutrons is called its mass number. Each of the exercises below represents the neutral or charged atom with the name and net charge given. Given the information, deter- mine the values of (a), (b), and (¢) for each. 1. Lithium'* 2. Phosphorus Le = Number of protons = 3 Number of protons = (@)__ b ‘Number of electrons = (@)__ Number of electrons = 18 7" Number of neutrons = 4 Number of neutrons = (b)_ Atomic number = () Atomic number = (©) __ 2.8 Mass number = (¢) __ Mass number = 31 b Be © 3. Vanadium? 4. Krypton? Sa Number of protons = (@)__ ~ Number of protons = (a) __ » Number of electrons = (b) __ ‘Number of electrons = (b) _ oe Number of neutrons = (¢)___ ‘Number of neutrons = 48 aa ‘Atomic number = 23, Atomic number = 36 Mass number = 51 Mass number = (¢) "> © : 5a. 6. Barium'* 6. Uranium’ : ‘Number of protons = 56 ‘Number of protons = (8) __ eS Number of electrons = (#)__ ‘Number of electrons = 97 ‘Number of neutrons = (b)__ ‘Number of neutrons = 146 6a. Atomic number = (¢)__ Atomic number = (b)__ b Mass number = 137 ‘Mass number = (¢) _ i: Ta 7. Magnesium’* 8. Polonium* b Number of protons = 12 Number of protons = (8) _ e Number of electrons = (a) __ Number of electrons = (0) ag. a Number of neutrons = (6) __ ‘Number of neutrons = (¢)__ ‘ Atomic number = (¢) __ Atomic number = 84 paced Mass number = 24 Mass number = 209 © 6-6 CHEMISTRY: The Study of Matter COPYRIGHT by Prentice Hall, ne. arenarion of this master is restricted to duplication for lassvon: us2 en.So Oe DODO OOO S OES SESEHETTHOTTOTTSETSSSVO~Y Take These Steps man Weiahted Averare Mass of Daler eng er een ahem yor we 3%" © 2005 by PRO-ED, Inc 4 131ISOTOPES AND AVERAGE Nane ATOMIC MASS Elements come in a vatiety of isotopes, meaning they are made up of atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses. These atoms differ in the number of neutrons. The average atomic mass is the weighted average of alll the isotopes of an element. Example: A sample of cesium is 75% "Cs, 20% "Cs and 5% "Cs, What is its average atomic mass? Answer: .75 x 133 = 99.75 .20 x 132 = 26.4 05 x 134 = _ 67 Total = 132.85 amu = average atomic mass Determine the average atomic mass of the following mixtures of isotopes. 1, 80% 71, 17% "41, 3% "41 50% "Au, 50% "AU 15% "Fe, 85% “Fe 99% 'H, 0.8% 7H, 0.2% °H 95% 4N, 3% SN, 2% N ‘instructional Fair, nc. i t 98% C, 2% 4C | 1al CHAPTER 8 : THE MODERN ATOM ec eT 4, The mass sumber, A; for bromine is 81. If there are 48 neutrons in the Br atom, what is the atomic number, 2? 2. Mn has 30 neutrons end Z = 25. What is A for Mn? 3. Calcium has 20 neutrons in its nucleus and A= 40. What is Z? a. the gold (Au) nucleus contains 79 protons and has A = 197. How many neutrons are in the Au nucleus? . i 5, Arsenic has Z = 33 and A= 75. How many neutrons #% inan As nucleus? 6, Argon has 22 neutrons and A= 40. How many electrons does argon have? Free lement silicon has three isotopes, #Si, "Si, and “Si The following chart shows the abundance and mass of each isotope- Calculate the atomic mass of silicon (to four significant figures). Tsotope Abundance ‘Mass (amu) *Si + 92.21% 27.97693 Si 4.70% 28.97649 _ Si 3.09% 29.97376 a There are two isotopes of Ga, gallium, Ga and "Ga. ‘The abundance of ®Ga qren 16% and its mass is 68.9257. The abundance of "Ga is 39.84% and its i wee ig 70.9249, Calculate the atomic mass of gallium (to four significant figures). : 9, What is the atomic mass (A) for bromine (Br) if the abundance and mass of its two isotopes are as follows. mB; 0.537% and 78.9183 “Br 49.460%. and 80.9163 to, From the following information, determine the atomic mat of strontium (Sr). Isotope “Abundance Mass (amu) “Sr 0.560% 83.9134 "Sr 9.870% 85.9094 Sr 7.035% 36.9089” “Sr 82.535% 87.9056———<——_—— Name NUCLEAR DECAY Predict the products of the following nuclear reactions. 1. K > fe + 2. =Pu — SHE + 3. 8U > + 2h 4. 1H +3H > 8 ut in + tHe + 6. ZAl + tHe + EP + 7. Be +iH—~_ + tHe 8. 2K = fe + In.» 2Bq_+.9 1 De +n 2Ba+ Zkr + 350. 10. 38U + He + 34 ‘insmuctional Fair. incATOMIC NUMBER-ATOMIC MASS For each atom, determine: re eor See ey 1. What element is it? 2. Atomic # ? 3. Mass # ? 4. How many nucleons? pec — — 5. How many neutrons? Sa ee ace 6, How many protons? ee 7. How many electrons? eee 8. Net charge on atom? eee eee eee 9. Charge on the nucleus? = For the following problems, determine the average atomic mass. You must show your work to receive credit. Isotope Atomic mass Relative abundance 1. magnesium-24 23.985 78.70% magnesium-25 24.986 10.138 magnesium-26 25.983 11.178 Calculate your final answer to 3 decimal places Isotope Atomic mass Relative abundance 2. Carbon-12 12.000, 98.89% Carbon-13 13.00335 1.11% calculate your final answer to 3 decimal places.