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10 Maths Key Notes CH 02 Polynomials

A polynomial is an algebraic expression involving coefficients and variables, where the highest power of the variable is the degree of the polynomial. This document defines and provides examples of different types of polynomials based on their degree, including constant, linear, quadratic, cubic, and bi-quadratic polynomials. It also discusses key properties of polynomials like the number and sum of their zeros, and the division algorithm for polynomials.

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171 views

10 Maths Key Notes CH 02 Polynomials

A polynomial is an algebraic expression involving coefficients and variables, where the highest power of the variable is the degree of the polynomial. This document defines and provides examples of different types of polynomials based on their degree, including constant, linear, quadratic, cubic, and bi-quadratic polynomials. It also discusses key properties of polynomials like the number and sum of their zeros, and the division algorithm for polynomials.

Uploaded by

niharika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Key Notes

Chapter-02
Polynomials

An algebraic expression of the form a0 x n + a1 x n 1 + a2 x n 2 + ... + an 1 x + an , where a0 , a1 , a2 ...an


are real numbers, n is a non-negative integer and a0 0 is called a polynomial of degree n.

Degree: The highest power of x in a polynomial p(x) is called the degree of polynomial.
Polynomials of degrees 1, 2 and 3 are called linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials
respectively.
Types of Polynomial:
(i)
Constant Polynomial: A polynomial of degree zero is called a constant polynomial
and it is of the form p(x) = k.
(ii)
Linear Polynomial: A polynomial of degree one is called linear polynomial and it is of
the form p(x) = ax + b where a, b are real numbers and a0 0 .
(iii) Quadratic Polynomial: A quadratic polynomial in x with real coefficient is of the
2
form ax + bx + c , where a, b, c are real numbers with a 0 .
(iv) Cubical Polynomial: A polynomial of degree three is called cubical polynomial and is
of the form p(x) = ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d where a, b, c, d are real numbers and a 0 .
(v)
Bi-quadratic Polynomial: A polynomial of degree four is called bi-quadratic
polynomial and it is of the form p ( x) = ax 2 + bx3 + cx 2 + dx + e , where a, b, c, d, e are
real numbers and a 0 .
The zeroes of a polynomial p(x) are precisely the xcoordinates of the points where the
graph of y = p(x) intersects the x-axis i.e. x = a is a zero of polynomial p(x) if p(a) = 0.
A polynomial can have at most the same number of zeros as the degree of polynomial.
b
c
For quadratic polynomial ax 2 + bx + c (a 0) Sum of zeros = Produce of zeros =
a
a
The division algorithm states that given any polynomial p(x) and polynomial g(x), there are
polynomials q(x) and r(x) such that: p ( x ) = g ( x ) .q ( x ) + r ( x ) , g ( x ) 0 where r(x) = 0 or

degree of r(x) < degree of g(x)


The division algorithm states that given any polynomial p(x) and polynomial g(x), there are
polynomials q(x) and r(x) such that: p(x) = g(x). q (x) + r(x), g(x) = 0 where r(x) = 0 or degree
of r(x) < degree of g(x).

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