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Cpu Project

The document discusses various aspects of computer hardware, including the CPU, memory, buses, ports, and peripherals. It describes the CPU as the component that performs computations and follows program instructions. Memory, specifically RAM, is used to temporarily store programs and data for processing by the CPU. Buses connect the CPU and memory to other components through ports and are used to transfer information throughout the computer system.

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619 views

Cpu Project

The document discusses various aspects of computer hardware, including the CPU, memory, buses, ports, and peripherals. It describes the CPU as the component that performs computations and follows program instructions. Memory, specifically RAM, is used to temporarily store programs and data for processing by the CPU. Buses connect the CPU and memory to other components through ports and are used to transfer information throughout the computer system.

Uploaded by

api-318674564
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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CHAPTER 2 PART

2
THE CPU
Sofia Hasbun Cardenas
#18
Valeria Ibarra Perales
9C
#20
Gabriela Mata Rodriguez
#25

9C

9C

INDEX

The Real Computer


From Multicore to Cluster
The Computers Memory
Buses, Ports, and Peripherals
Green Computing
How The CPU Works
The Clock of the Long Now
Memory

The Real Computer


The cpu often called the processor, performs the
transformations of input into output. Every computer
has at least one CPU.
A modern microprocessor, is a complex collection of
electronic circuits.
The circuits board that contains a computers CPU is
called the motherboard.
Although there are many variations in design among
these chips, only two factors are compatibility and
performance important to a casual computer user:

From Multicore to Cluster


Some of the performance enhancing techniques
weve seen arent confined to the insides of CPU
chips. The divide-and-conquer parallel
processing technique is used to apply on a
larger scale in high-end server systems.
A cluster is a group of multiple servers grouped
together, which improves the rendering speed of
a computer's graphics as well as speed its sums
of complex financial trading computations.

THE COMPUTERS MEMORY


The CPUs main job is to follow the instructions
encoded in programs, but it can handle only one
instruction and a few pieces of data at a time. The
computer needs a place to store the rest of the
program and data until the processor is ready for
them. Thats what RAM is for.
Random Access Memory (RAM) is most common type
of primary storage, or computer memory. Ram chips
contain circuits that store program instruction and
data temporarily.

Buses, Ports
and Peripherals

The information travels between


components through groups of
wires called internal buses or
buses

Buses typically have 32 to 64 wires,


or data paths
The desktop computer, the CPU,
memory chips, and other key
components are attached to the
motherboard.

A bus with 32 wires is called a 32-bit


bus

The bus speed is one of the most important factors in determining a


computers performance.
Buses connect to ports (sockets on the outside of the
computer chassis) they are used to attach
peripherals
Users customize their computer by expansion
cards, or cards (special-purpose circuit boards)
buses connect to storage devices in bays (open areas in the
system box for disk driver and other devices) and to
expansion slots.

The peripherals connect to the ports through external


buses (cables designed to transmit data back and forth
between computer and peripherals)
Audio jacks for connecting speakers and/or headphones;
and USB ports for connecting keyboards, pointing
devices, printers, etc.
Many portable computers have ExpressCards or PC Cards
(small removable cards that contain memory, miniature
peripherals, etc)

INTEL XSCALE

TILERA TILEGX
LINE

ARM

INTEL
ATOM

INTEL CORE 2

CELL PROCESS

INTEL i3/5/7

HOW THE CPU


WORKS
CPU: Hardware processing component that executes the steps in a software program.
INSTRUCTIONS: The CPU contains the circuitry to perform a variety of simple tasks.
-The typical CPU is divided into several functional units: control, arithmetic logic decode, bus,
and pretech.
-The actual execution of an instruction is performed by the CPUs arithmetic logic units.
PREFETCH UNIT: instructs the bus unit to read the
instruction stored at a particular memory address.

The Clock of the Long Now


1.- Do you think the Long Now CLock is a good idea? Why or why not?
We think that it would be a great idea because people could think about what will
happened in the future time, and evolution in life would proceed
2.-Can you think of other ways to encourage long-term thinking?
Yes, by making people think different about the long-term. Then by telling people
they would start knowing about it.

Memory
Memory is the work area for the CPU. For
the CPU to execute instructions or
manipulate data must be loaded into
memory. The CPU can store information
into RAM and retrieve information from
RAM. The information in RAM may include
program
instructions,
numbers
of
arithmetic,
codes
representing
text
characters, digital codes representing
pictures, and other kind of data. RAM chips
are grouped on small circuit boards called
dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs) and
are plugged into motherboard. Memory is
permanently
recorded
on
the
ROM,

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