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IR Spectroscopy for Chemists

This document provides a summary of characteristic infrared absorption frequencies for various organic functional groups. It lists the functional group, type of vibration, characteristic absorption range in wavenumbers (cm-1), and intensity. Specific sections are dedicated to carbonyl group frequencies and alcohol, alkane, alkene, alkyl halide, alkyne, amine, aromatic, carbonyl, ether, nitrile, and nitro groups. It also provides references for more detailed infrared spectroscopy information.

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142 views3 pages

IR Spectroscopy for Chemists

This document provides a summary of characteristic infrared absorption frequencies for various organic functional groups. It lists the functional group, type of vibration, characteristic absorption range in wavenumbers (cm-1), and intensity. Specific sections are dedicated to carbonyl group frequencies and alcohol, alkane, alkene, alkyl halide, alkyne, amine, aromatic, carbonyl, ether, nitrile, and nitro groups. It also provides references for more detailed infrared spectroscopy information.

Uploaded by

Arty
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Characteristic IR Absorption Frequencies of Organic Functional Groups

Functional
Group

Type of
Vibration

Characteristic
Absorptions (cm-1)

Intensity

O-H

(stretch, Hbonded)

3200-3600

strong, broad

O-H

(stretch, free)

3500-3700

strong, sharp

C-O

(stretch)

1050-1150

strong

C-H

stretch

2850-3000

strong

-C-H

bending

1350-1480

variable

=C-H

stretch

3010-3100

medium

=C-H

bending

675-1000

strong

C=C

stretch

1620-1680

variable

C-F

stretch

1000-1400

strong

C-Cl

stretch

600-800

strong

C-Br

stretch

500-600

strong

C-I

stretch

500

strong

stretch

3300

strong,sharp

stretch

2100-2260

variable, not present in symmetrical


alkynes

N-H

stretch

3300-3500

medium (primary amines have two


bands; secondary have one band, often
very weak)

C-N

stretch

1080-1360

medium-weak

N-H

bending

1600

medium

C-H

stretch

3000-3100

medium

C=C

stretch

1400-1600

medium-weak, multiple bands

Alcohol

Alkane

Alkene

Alkyl Halide

Alkyne
C-H

Amine

Aromatic

Analysis of C-H out-of-plane bending can often distinguish substitution patterns


Carbonyl
C=O

Detailed Information on Carbonyl IR


stretch

1670-1820

strong

(conjugation moves absorptions to lower wave numbers)


Ether
C-O

stretch

1000-1300 (1070-

strong

1150)
Nitrile
CN

stretch

2210-2260

medium

stretch

1515-1560 & 13451385

strong, two bands

Nitro
N-O

IR Absorption Frequencies of Functional Groups Containing a Carbonyl (C=O)


Functional
Group

Type of
Vibration

Characteristic Absorptions
(cm-1)

Intensity

stretch

1670-1820

strong

Carbonyl
C=O

(conjugation moves absorptions to lower wave numbers)


Acid
C=O

stretch

1700-1725

strong

O-H

stretch

2500-3300

strong, very broad

C-O

stretch

1210-1320

strong

C=O

stretch

1740-1720

strong

=C-H

stretch

2820-2850 & 2720-2750

medium, two peaks

C=O

stretch

1640-1690

strong

N-H

stretch

3100-3500

unsubstituted have two


bands

N-H

bending

1550-1640

stretch

1800-1830 & 1740-1775

two bands

C=O

stretch

1735-1750

strong

C-O

stretch

1000-1300

two bands or more

stretch

1705-1725

strong

cyclic

stretch

3-membered - 1850
4-membered - 1780
5-membered - 1745
6-membered - 1715
7-membered - 1705

strong

,-unsaturated

stretch

1665-1685

strong

Aldehyde

Amide

Anhydride
C=O
Ester

Ketone
acyclic

aryl ketone

stretch

1680-1700

strong

A good general reference for more detailed information on interpretation of


infrared spectra (as well as other spectroscopic techniques) is Silverstein, R.M.;
Bassler, G.C.; and Morrill, T.C. Spectrometric Identification of Organic
Compounds. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1981. QD272.S6 S55
A more complete listing of functional group absorption frequencies ma be found
in: Nakanishi, Koji Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy. QD95.N383

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