Introduction UNIT 2 Agtey completo a thia chapkey, you will be able to analy ze () The basic £¢ deatgn philosophy and how it dliggera 4rom that for discrele circuit deaign. (2) The beaice gain cella oq re ampligicra Te cS and CE amplifier with active load or current Aourte load. (3) How te increane the gain realized in the baatc gain cella by employing principle of Caaceding. t4) Analysia and Design Caacode amplifrer and Caacede current Aource in both theiy Mos and bipolaw Ferma. (fe Biaaing, current mivrora = pe curpenk Aouree, and Ac achye load (6) How to pair transiatora to veatize amplifiera with improved — charackeriatica Dr MC. Hanumanthareju Aasociak — Progeador, Depth of ECE BMSLT, Bongculore6.4 IC Design Philosophy Ee eee erect coer eee ie eet ere Coratrainta af mos and BrT IC fabrication technologies: ©) chip area comideratiom, avoid caing (@) Large reaistora (~ KL) ~ How to bias tramiaka with a amall curent lb) Lage Capacitora (~ pr) = How tp deaign AC coupling and bypansing ? ) General vue in designing MoS ICs for all functiom : - use MOS Transistor only and small capacitors (3) Tromsiator dimension muat be reduced Mos Device with LE 0. O45 UM, operating De Vollage ~ IV ard overctrive voltogea ~ 0-2V —> challengea fo circuit designers ) cmos : currently, the moat urdely ured Ie technology tor analog and digital application, is) BJT circuita : provide much higher oubpuk currenta@ Exampce 6-2 (4) For an NMos tyanaishor with a = 10, 4abricakd in the 0.18 4m prom, whore data are given in Table 6.4 Find Voy and Ves for Ip = 100 AKA, aanurne A=O Solution: wie know Hak, Overdrive veltage CNoy) = Veg - Ve In SahiyaHon, Substitubrg, 2, = My Cox Reper ‘Table 6-4 low 2 x 100 — Ney = = 0-23V ae 381 x 10 v Vggz ort |. sé s Voy = 0:23 mas Thi pS es a WA Meg = ML + My = O48 + 0.23 = OTIV Ti kepey Table 6-4 Nas = O.TIV (6) For on npn tyonaiator fabricaked in the low vothage procem Specigied in the Table 6-8 and operakd at I, = 100 MA, tind Vee» ignowe bane width medulaben Solu: we Know that, Date HEDeLHe: Ne i (ee /o.025 = 6x07 ® @ I -6 too x10 = = 0.76 Nee = 0. 025 in (8% +)Example 62 : Compart gm, Rin, To and Ao For an Nmos transistor fabricated in fhe 0.25-4um_ technolegy and an npn in the Lou- volkuge technology specigicd in table 6-5. = for MOSFET, Basar Ig = Tp = 100 4A & O-4sAm andl Wie Hum, and Specity the required —Vov. Solution : GU) NMos ® T= Cy Ce) (4) VV Voy = | 22 a 2 x 100 = oan Hn Cox) (‘) ser t —— Reger Table 6.5 Voy = 0-21V P mms fe ouen(t)® = AE: TH. Reger Tabk os m= Jaxzerx 4 x10 = 0-18 maly 0 4 9m en maAly ® Rn alee . by 5 eet atta. Ip Ip S x 0.25 tim Yo = 20kn- % Na _ 2M @® Mex. Intrimic Gain = Ag = Gm%o = n= = we Vov Veu/y A, = 013% 20 = 14.6 Viv Ci) For npn transialor 5, te 0-1 mA ® bere = uma Sm Ny 0-025V v 9m = 4 meAly _ _ B = 190 ® ener = Mfg, = = 2s Kn 4 may © 8 role Ri, Vp 35 a ® vy, = 2 = — = 350unn Ze O14 (sen) Na © N= mn 2 Bam ee Me e Ve Ao = 4 x 350 = IHoo Viy 9m, %o and A, (B5T) >> Bm, To and Ao Cmosrer)6.3 re Biasing ccf current _Sourcea , current Mirrors and current Steering Circuils i > Biaaing in Integrated circuit Besign + using cc Constant Source —> Ic chip with Ye of amplifier stages current pee | 4 commbant DC current is genevakecd at one locakay in Te => ERENCE CURRENT cor eenrne, Replicate to various other locales for biaay various arnplifier ShageA though 9 P 9 a procesA terion aA current Shering—>7 Heart of fhe circuit : Tranaistor Qy Drain A Shorted to Gate => Q, in forced to opevale in Saturation mode Theretore Ven < Me QA, win Saturation The satuvahion curvent, Ipe, iA Tree = kn (4) Ces - i —— © REF Aanume X= 0 Cohannel length Modulalon ia negiectedt))Applying vu fer the loop shown -Vpp + Ip, R + Ves = 0 Veo - Vas fp = tree = ig) The drain current 4 @, iA Aupplicd by Vop through veaislor = R- Coutside He chip) eqn. © and (2) can be uscd fe dekeymine R value Ves (ay = Vas ca.) Armurme @, i& In Satuvahan ® Again neglect channel Iength modutaken 2 1 wg s Tan Ip = Ee bo C2), CMes = Ven) Ci. e Azo) Eqn, © and @ enable un to velale xy and Tyee ®_ «s set C2), OF SL 6 ita ten (2), OR)” Ip i @h) ar Ch, Simple and athractive ! Relabory —> 8 and g, ERIE Special camnectan thab relaka Ip and Cpe by Aapect volo > To and Len ore related by geomebrea 4 && @ oe ~ rt Q@, and & or identical, than £, = pep=> current minor Replicaka curyenk mirror Theregor,, the Civcuik iA named aa Te “Current rnirver” ek epi Ve = Nos > Nov => @, Mm Sahurabton @® Consider Early Effect ax 6 Channel length medulatin egpect x a ee a eee — ffet Ve Vo= Vos Nas Vi Vif eee ee SECs w Mas-Ve eae Therefore, a@ EXOMPLE 6-H: For Von = 3V, faep = 100418, Deaign to hove 7, = 100.uUA, i ji Wo to sum Find R, if @, and Q ave matched | ae Vp = 0-7Y and Tam ky = Aly Coe = 200 MA fy2 that ia the louxat possible, Value of Vy OnAuming V4 = 20V/zum Find The outpuk veaiakance of the current Aouyce Awo, Find change in output current, yeautting from a +av charge in Vo. Solution : Voo = 3V + Teer = R > a je HYH a = & dt 120um 7 a 1am Me = 071V Kl = Uy Cone = 20004 wR Va = 2° “sen tet Q, in in Satuyolon , since Gate & prain axe shoried = w 2 Lace = ttn Cox (#) VE 100 = 7 x 200 x(12) » Vey => [Vy = 0.316V and Ves =“ +t Vy = 07 +0-316 = iv Vag =v To 4nd R value; Apply xvi fer the loop Ahown in next poge=> & in Saturation Thevegore, V, fo cmin) = Mov = 0-316V ® coraider the early effect or chanrel length meodulakin ettect Gven Le 14am and -Asasume Va = 20 Vim 1 e te know trot VY =e VAL = 20 Vig 1M = 20 Np Yn = A = 22 2 a mn te 100 4A Yon = O-2ma] For AV = Vo- Ves = IV are 2? ay v we. ee = are = Yor = Ap OamnMOS Current Sreerrng Cracurr 4 | panos | > @ with R : Dekymina Leer > &, & & A: Form feo owpul current mirrors Th = Ter . and Ig = (2), > Te ermure Sahuralon region a operahion, the Following condiban muak be Aahagied > Mo =e, Veo = Mav C typically) a, Veo < Ve : cr in @, iA in Gatuvakrh Region Dr M.-C. Hanumanthare)u Arsocioke — Prafeaser, Deph of Ece BMSIT, Bangalore4a = Generally | to operale in Saturakton region : V,.> Vas Me Vor < + an Vos,= Vou" (Ves) = Von +¥5s Therefore, — Vpg + Vss > Ves — Ve Vo. 7 —Vss + Ves — Ve since Voy = Vas Vt i overdrive Volhege. Bs Ve eo ie \ a a 4 Qs Vos, = Voz — (Ves) = Vox *VS5 \ s et _/ Therefore, to endure Sechuraltey region ~Vss Ver + Vss > Vas —Ve Veg > —Mes tas ~ VE Vez > s t+ Vow — & and as : pmos Ig iA ged fo the impub Aide ef current mirror Ya = Vo, Ven =O & Ves —1v Ctypically) G Van > Ve @, i& in Sakurahen regiondonna a G), Operatea in Saburadfan region of eperaltan sine 5 current mirey with @y ys Generally for safuraton region - obi 4s as Yess = —Vos + Von % Opevosion “Mes < Noy Pas fos + Von < Voy Vos -Vos < — Yop + Voy ps < Von — Vov Nos < Vos — | Vow, | Exercise 6-5 Let Voy = Veg = 5V, Veg = IVip] = 0-6, La tuim, Km = 200 4tAlye Kp = S0dtalyt, Vay 20-2 ond AHO, Far Spee = 10-MA, dine widtrw . = BOMA @ all tyamsistea to have 2, = Go uA, £32 20uA and fs thot are minimum Voz , Voz and maximum Vps 7? Neo oo + Vee Voo a | - as T bt e® ‘ i bas t 1 f, ty Thee ! la, Lg L | J ae iL, 82 io Vast oN v BES ‘ss Vss‘Solution To operalt try Saburalton xegion6.3.3 : : & BIT Circuita q —> BIT current mirror iA Similar to MOS current mimry, Howevey, two imporhant ditgerencea esciata 1. Non- zero base current of BIT (Finite B) CaurerA error in current transfer rake of bipelar mirroy 2. current tranafer vako ja avean af dekymined by relahve emitky- base Junction Ges) ¢ @, and 4, The Basic SIT current mitror then = High B q {meat or Ig= Le Ig = Neglected B Ieee iA pamred through diode - connect tramialer, 4, => Vee (a) tA eatabliahed Now if @, = @ Cmatched) Eey awa of @, = EBT ona og Q,£(@) = £08) Te (@&) = Tel) Cone (ii) > 7 => currenia Gf @, & @, ore condition pee ees Ve = Ve = O.3V > Ve obtain current tyanafer velo otter than unity Say m, then Area of EBT 4 AQ, = Mx Area of EBT F 4, => Lo = MI ger —> in gereval, current transfer eho ia given by te _ As Ara qgesl 4 Q, Analyaia ot cuyrent mirror with Finite Boo BgT Area yolio, m = inkegey a = ma, Lo. No of transistors connected in parallelRo asst Vo - Vee f= 4, fos ° REF oe ) eee ‘ = 7 if Bora, then Teer a B then Bp —z 60 Fer = 100 aero HE Exver in current transfer volvo Teer Peete Finike oukpur reaiakance of Vo Nas p= Se ey, = “A Do = Current miyrov Vaz 3 early Vollage q¢ @, Oubpub raiabance gf @, You.Excacrse 6-6: A BIT current mirrer haa f= Free anet 1S lo A, Beiwo and Y= looVv. For Ye=lOV it~ tramiator haa Ls = and fpeg = 1MA, find Tp, when Ve=SV and ale Hod tae Oulpuk —-yeAialance. Solution Nec =10¥ 4 tree tds, R Applying ewe for the loop 4houn ~Vee + Tpep R + Vee ae Mer Nee 2 87 OF _ gun Tree ’ R= 43k6.4.4 Miller's Theorem Impedance Aascernotion y y My = KY, = ype ta) K = Gain -facker Ub) Cormider, the circuit ahown in Fig. Ca) —y Two iAolated circuit nodea are Ahown ov 1 & 2 and large part gf circuit i4 not shown > Z ta Connected betuxen nodes 4g 2 and alao to other porta af the circuit > voltage at nede-2 iw given by Ys kv, where kK iA a gain factor F — AKAUMpHonkot May be positive /negaive bub magnitude mnuak be greater then 1 Milley's theorem Statement : Impedanee z can be replaced by two impedances : 2 Connected behween neode-1 and ground and 2, behueen node-2 and ground % and Z ured to obkain equivatent circuit are Ahown in Fig. Cb) > Zz and z ar Selected Auch that 2 “> Fig. Ca): Node-1 “feela the exiahance” gf z through © frat 2 dyawsA away from Nodke~ 4 Thevegort, oT -rermaina unchanged in the equivalent circuit —> In Fig, Cb), chome Z, auch that fr drawn Same current To of Fig. Ca) MY Ci=ic) zExample 6.7 fen 2 p Vo Edeal Voltage Amplifier Given: (a tes Alao, @& deal Vothage Amplizier Gain = 100 v/y Z ta an impedance Conreched behucen tin inpuk & output Find miller equivatent Circuit When 2 ina t= ma rediAkance = pe Capacitance find = Mo Nig uittihing equivalent civeuit by Replacing impedance z by tuo impedarvea Z, & Zy GA per millers theorern—> similarly, fo eep current into nede-2 unchanged 2, in Fig. Co) iA choosen auch that Tite = ~My 2 2, tH There tone, TKM | Mi_Cin-K) —> millera — equivalent circuit clerived Crg. by iA valid, aa long GA vest of the civeuik iA uncharged. otherwise, ratio Me may — charge, N —> millers equivalent clreuit cannot -be ured to dehermine directly, the oulpuk vearabonve 4 an amplifier, Since Ry expecta the dollowieg : — Source signal = 0 = Teak Aignal vy, applied at output termina, => Majer charge in civeuit => miller'a equivalent circuit becorma —invaltdReig lores. + eee z, : ~100V; os orc cs \ \ = \ ca ste eee Ve = -100 x Very » =! 2, + Reig 1 Vo —100 2) 7100 * Tide) fl Vig Zt Rory Tee Eee + toe S (oie) 2. 1 ¥. SeeHeeee ——<— = -—100 aa Vsig 1+ 10K. & § Crore) t+ ior, Croic)s S (ic) ( 1 Vsig 1 10 xw x ror x rx xs 1+ Sroixie)an = 100 « Hay VOK FA.21% 1-01 X10" (57. 6 KHz] auf The Amplitier__Tranater__Function ne Hee ‘jeg said- band ————«— High Freq, Gard Bard | : : AML Copacitarce Can be : neglected Gain tala eff due to the effect 4 mosrer/s3T Gain Falla gg|—>/ | Capacitance due to the eppect S$ Coy, Se 23 1, f M2) 4. bd (0g scale) Reig Fig. nitude the Gain a the C& amplisier Veraun Frequency Three Freq. banda = velevant =f 4. bow freq. band frequency respomte 2. mid freq. band 3. High freq. bancl Veeig en R, & al wa Mss. Common Source _Ampligiey Bi bow Frequency Band :-paain fatlh in low Freq. band clue to Coys Cog and Ce for = CE Amplifier > Ce, Cy and Cg +: commen Source amplifier 7 5 aa Signal freg b Xe T > Ce, Co, and Ceficg +: Are no longer behave aa short Cireuila @ tigh Frequency Band : Gain gall in high freq. band cue to Capacitarce of high trequency modelA, t-e€ Pree ee ee tle Con, “as, Sad § Cay: Moser ) 2 AA Signal 4req TY, xed => Capacitom are no longer ada on open cireuitMid- band range Defined by tuo Arequenetea : 4. & fy Gain dopa by a factor g bee |@ainl = lanl we Bandwidth = 44 - ff. usually t>> ft, swe ty The gain- bandusidth product iA = GB = [Am| Bw — Trade af gain Vs BW The Gain Funchon: ACs) ACS) = Am FCS) FCs) tL Ampligter gain ia a functon af complex drequency, S S=jw = jang¢ AK F ACS) = funchon CFL, Fu) > $ >> & Fits) = 2 f<< Fy, Fycs) = 4 Thus 4ce 4 << fy — In low Freq. band, gain ALCS) Am ALCS) in high = “ » gain Aycs? Ain FCS) —> Oekrmining mid- band gain: by = Analyzing arnplifier equivalent civeuit with Ce, Cet Short circuit internal capacitance a tramiaby : open circuitDetermi ing ALCS) — Analysing annplitier equivalent circuit —Ce & Ce i Pergech — Aamaming tvanaiator capacihanea + Open circuit Determining Ay Cs) — Analyzing —armplifiey equivalent clycuita = Enecluding translater model Capacihea — Aaauming Co & Ce: perfect Shert circuiaS- Domain Analysia @® Awalyaia af frequency rveapome of an amplifier Amplifier volhage gain oa a funchan ® s- permain of the Complec frequen Ae = C ———> sc (admittance) ———> ra Cumpedance) Similarly, SIO = b —— Sb © Vo CS) The Voltage trarmper function, TCS) = V, (8) Pola and — Zeros ich fctsaeuceaeasemictoly A tranater functen, res) can be expremed in the tom: ai Fivak order TP Ams” + Amy Sot -- ++ + Wo res) = US HM Tes) = Fu ST by ST Ree ere tO where a and b are coeggiciena : Real Numbera men, ne is called aa oroler Mme Numerator n = Denominator Coveler of the Nedwore) vis) rcs) Nets) eee | An alitynaive form for expreaaing TCS) iA t TCS) = Am (s= 2) (s- 22) ¢ (s- 8) (SP) - ~(S- Pa) > poles® Bode plota : Indi cola frequency reaponne gf ar amplifier Technique or obtaining an approximate plot of fhe magnitude and phase ga tramfer funchon. given ft pola & zeru fe Foy the transfer -funchon 4 the form Sta, the Magnitude reaporme af TCS) a? 20 log, Jaret ‘20 log [SF tan’! (2) (+6 48 loctave (420 d8/decade) Achual ada 0as}-———— phase veapense of TCS) A ¢ 2olg,J i+ (2) Cde) He ws Clog- scale) Tc Magnitude ReApanae Bode plot: phase ReAporwe los Example : TCs) = + Find poles £ zeros (+ i)C+%) sneteh the magnitude of the gain versus frequency. incl Approximale valuea er the gain at w= to, 107 and to® rad/svos ass) © Solution : TCS) = TS jtrk 5 eee +3) 2 ee (+ BOs # (SEH) Zeros: S=0 and sa oo — stordaxd frm pola + srt yod/s and s= -10% rad/s a 20 AB/dec . vh uo (red/s) log- seale ~ 26 AO /dee = 20 dle O-> zy ©,@— pele @® — Gain term © —> omrall serporneExevciae 6.38 : A cliveet coupkd amplifier has a low frequency gain of Ho dg, polka at ImHz and IoMHz, a zero on @ negative real axia at 100 MHz and anothy Zero at jnginite Frequenty. obkein the expreasion for amplipier gain funchon ancl sketch te bode plot fer the gain magnitide, ‘hak do you estimale the 3-cle frequenty 4, te be ? Solukon : bow freq. gain = be gain = wo de 4o de = 20 log Ao Bo = 100 Viy ACS) = 10 Ce Sei) ii 100 (1+ HS NS) LV arraio! 1 w, = 7 Mera} Cae) = +a + 20 log | aes, He de rN fH ldee 20 4, tmz) lag - Scale64 High-Frequency Reapomre - General Considerations ® Amplifier circuim ——> tnlended to fabricate uaing IC Technology, Bo not employ bypasa & coupling — Capacitera ~ Varioua Stagea in an IC Caacade amplitiey are divecHy coupled 9 bivect = ce ed ox dc amphi in dalla ofp at the high frequency end, bub no gain \ veduachon at low Jrequency \ } . Due te internal Capacitarrea of the tranaialev ~ No BE gain Lan ~ PC Coupled amplittey lal Cea) > { No low +: ery uke 20 10g 1A 1 Ce eepeinea ee eee Ava The cleaigner is inkreted "fa Cte) Cor faae) Fig. (a) Frequency Reapome of a aivect- Coupled Cae) amplifier Am 3 Mid-bancl gainbad @ The th give aasuming @ Aecounting — tramialer internal a Real the facky Fy Cs) Tees Expremed in tern of polea & S t+ & se eeereae etsy = Cit we) CO aie) The amplitier gain n by Delermined — by High - Frequency ain with Acs) - Gan w Complex - frequency vVariabk, © internal mid= band gain (= low freq. ar 06 Le ampl") exprmed as a funchor of the aratyaing FAs) FuncHon tramaiater capaci hances ‘high < gat ia general fom amplifier equivalent civeuita & Neglecting transistor internal capacitances Ci-e Capacitance, Capacitera aa Open circuits) the gain acquirer Zevon (+ S) reo a Wey Thereport, the geneval fern of the trarmqer dunckon of the ampligier ACS) = there, tA given by Am FuCs) = Aw oe 3 Pieces ar Pep cereeee ‘en ec, Wzy, Wag, veer zn + &,) Ord, cee (14 tae (4 en, Poathive — Narobera Rep Freq, af 1 veal poles 1 peattive/megabivefinginite Nap t Rep Freq. qj M-veal branamiadion e104mM 6.4.2 s— ro F Fyts) > 2 Impertan! ACS) —> Am Dekeyminit the 3-aB Frequency Fy @® Armpligion designer’ axe inkereaked in high frequency band ctr eee ESE Clore bo mid- band => Deaigrer — eatimatea #4, and may modity f, Either ® era at Fy C= Wy) are ured, where ¢, = WH 20 inginity or high frequency hoa litHe Significance IN delermining Ww, ® TF ome pole (say Wp) ia ak lower frequency than any other then pola and Zerva > 4p, hoa greateat etpect on amplitter, us, Wp, dominate. high Frequency reApomne of amepligter The amplifier iA Said to have “ Dominant pole — Reapense" KS Won) Wp ren Wa, War oe Seed eyes) & Te FAP ane dominant pote -veapane += Wp) Yepreaent a tvomater func 4 givat ovcey (STC) low Pow nehwvork 4G Single Time Conabent® xf dominant pole xia, uw, determination ia Simplifted Fee Wy SH Udp, => Thia Sihwkon iA encounkred in cs & CE amplitiaa ® Rue g Thumb: Dominant pole approximahean A dominant pole exis if loweat frequerey pole 1A at leant two octaveA Ca -tackr of 4) away from nearat pole or Zerd © tf Dominant pole clos not exiat —> use approximale formula oY frequency, Wy can be determined from a plot of = |r, Ciw)| >The 3-de @ Derivation of approximale formula to determine wy Consider, FyCs) = SS .) ) +e We, Prt pe ~ Cciveuit having two poleA and two ZervrA in the high frequency band = jw racing = G+ MH) Cir) Ba) “2 (+ ,) (+ 55,) Taxing Aquared magnitude, Subshtiute Ss given(S) (4 i+ (+ ai) ('* oh,) by definition, wew,, IRjt = ts ln, Civ) t re wn wth) (ve Bh) Lbs z 2 iM (+) G+) PL “pa wh wh wht 1 1+ et 2 nee i ft vi- te of/h » “lsh, | + Rake w, 2 usually smaller than frequency of all poles & Zev Neglecting wy beverage, Solve for Wy 2 (4 oe 2 [: wt (at | eee 2+ 2uy, wh, wt 1 Vl See + + £, & — fe fr zu + g|- geht | ww eels Extending the above relator to any number of pelea & zewa, we getthen Wy = WW, Example 6.5 : The high frequency reAporme ag an ampligiey iA chavacttrized by the transfer function (-%) F, (Ss) = Ss s t+ = |f1+ — ( to" ) ( 4 =r) Delermine the 3-de frequency approximately ¢ exactly. Solution Given tranafey functhon : &, CS) rT ( ie ) High frequency tee yy C60 Peete eee es EeePC s s a +) (: + 10 4x tot Zero at to Poles at or w,= 9800 vod/s.. Approximate ValueFor Exact Value ; Ws Wy Dy, = 1537 r9d/sec Bede plot ancl exact plot are Ahown in Semi-log Sheet.6.4.3 Using Open - Circuit we time Constant for the Approximate Cetermination af Ff, We nous that the high frequency response ef an amplifier iA characterized by a tramgzer function, given by te S Ss Ss. ee ie S \ fy o( aot eae Multiplying Nr. § Dr terms, Fy Cs) can be expremed oA IF O,S + AS? Fees +n s7 Fy CS) = a 1+ bys + BSH + bys a is a Coeggeeient related t freq. f po b im a coegtecient related to freq. of pole I > In many Carca, fr iA not aimple mater to dekymine the poles and = Zeroa > Tf polea & zerdA 4 amplifier T. F aye mown, then Fy moy be obrained by the technique presenkd earlier otherwise, the 4ellousing —methed ia ured. > In many Canca, ZEA art at higher Frequency => Little significance in determining wy, > vaually one af the polea - Say, 3, haa much lower freq, than other polea. It fellows that ws cloae to mid - band Therejort, Ay Cs) = : Tramfer gunchen of Wp, Fivat order lous para Nekwonte,Wy B We, —> If a dominant pole do nok exist, Wy can be determined from a plot oF | Fy Cj~) Approximate formula for Wy = pao 10® yO = Ss 4 t+ ( 5) ( en) > Dominant pole: u,, = 10! rad/s ‘ > Better eAtmakon : ww, = fe ageo rel 1 i 4o++4-S> io text ad? —> Exact value : Dek from trarmafer funchan a ra ve (4h) 2 2 a us wy (+ “(4 =) ir ex: => w, = 9537 Y2d/sec —> Approximate delermiralies qf uw, Laing open civeuik Hee comboniaA OA follows : Aaauming : Zero’A art net dominant one dominant pole exiat, Then gn. @ vedueea bo: Say P} Ayts) = eee —@ i+ bs ine know fre «= egn.@ = Fycs) 2 —1.— —®Wek. T WwW > Ala sd ' anh) Pe al 1 anf =ar eee wm Re ) 1 wy = — ToD, rea Rit + Rha tie > Rie Tet oe Open ehreuit Sum gf individued Mrauenption: N= Capacitance in high freq. equivadenk civeute Lime carsbanta n i} b= 2. GR, open circuit fet Here combania > b, can obtained by be © comider various capacitance in high freq. equivalenk — cirouik ® Comider one Capacitarre at a Hime, while reducing all other capacitance fe 27D re Replacing then with open civeuila fic ® Reduce all input aignel source to zero & dekrmine Rio ° eee Hi Determines veAistance] © Repeat seen by C epeat proce tor all offer Capacitance in the circuit DF MG Hanumentherajy PMEET, Bangaloret Wye — = —> wields good resulta, even 7 b Upper 3-ca Frequency However, ii complex cireuita, exiatance of Yj dominant pole tA doubt if dominant pole doer not exiak, - . ‘ Tromper function repreaentaian Gy st He a Fycsy = on SF Sno Heard etl Se bs™ + bs wr BSH bs Hy nt order g the ne Comidey Numeralor, = Ons tap, Sh) 4 Gs tas +1 a, (st+z,) (s+z)- » CS#Zn) bihere 2), 2, Zp: WIA a NY Te Trertat —aycn = (te) Cate) ey Cart ba} (s+) Cs4—%) ~~» --CS+ Py) a Ex d,s + a5 +4, Bo teste Fy cs) = ra ee t) 3b . bs? + os thst by oF sty cay pas + Be ete (s+2) (sta) (s¥,) Cs +p_) CS#P3) ltastas +: bbas basst+ Fy cs) = Thos OH 3 = = : OEIC EY Gara. thas taste... PP PR Wnt, eo = 4 ares ves Gh, eee Theregor, ob = Loy de ge...® High Frequency Reaponse ef a _Commen Source Ampliticy a Yoo Rei a RM “sig L - Fig. & = Comme Source Amplifiey ~Ves R. t a ‘ at + sa 4¢ am + 16 + z a i a Ags 7 ly N, , i RQ g "4 . Kgs ule nE RE Ry | | t oe Ss ' a ; + SS eee = caine Fig. (by High Frequency Equivalent circuil of MOSFET Ampligiey Reg AN i 1 > = 1€ , Cad aL y NoCS) ag eek HT Ce a a - $ “ E Fig. Cc) High Frequency Equivalent civeuit a a cs ampligier : Simmpliziedtsig Fig. Ca) : Equivalent circuit at mid-band Frequenels Reig Coat 4 + Ria D> Ins Al Vacs) al . x : Fig. C€) circuit for oelermining wy open circuit Cornett: comider — Cgs only with Cot = Open circuit Cie ga =0) —> The Yeiakance Rye See by cs ta found to be. Roc = Rial Reig > The open circuit Hime censbont haiti aint Fig U4) Ts = Cos Res Ts. s.open cixeuik_tinne cambant_dor Coa Comider — Cgc oly and set gg = 0 Copen circuit) Toe + Sm Mgs Ags = Te (sig Il Rin) the veaistarce Seen bY Cod Figg circuit for Deley mining Reig 7 B £ = —— Convey's circuit deargnera = Significance qf VaricuA Capacitance in deberming the amplifier Frequency reponse — contribution qf Varioua capacitance to eatimate b, Exomple 6.6: If Reig = 100% Rin W HaoKn Cgs = Cgc = 1 PF Gm = 4 mAly 420 -4x *3-33 yao + 100 Dr m.c Hanumanthayedu Araociake Prifeasor, Ece BMSIT, Rargalore To tind Toe : = 80.8K Rgs = Rin I Rsg = eon || ons = 80-8K Ros = 80-8 KA zl at Tes = Cas: Res = txio® x 80.8 xt = 80.8 NSTo find Tog sees ee Bea = [Ray in) CF aq AL HAL] = [Qoox NN uzox) Cr+ 4 x3-23¢) $3.33] Roa = lem ms 1 1gt0e = W60 nS Ta = Sgt Rat = yee 1 Tas + Tad To find us, Wy = 806 K rad/s We nies. 3 1ehz Fu — Steps to deter Wy VAI opin_ciycuik tire combank SRP 4: Remo the inp aignol source open clreuir all other capacirerce, by comiclering stp 2 one Capacitance ak a me skep2 + Delermine R; Seen by C;