Health Monitoring Using Mobile Phones
Course:- Mobile
Networking
Instructor:- Dr. Helmy
Ahmed
Group 2
Presented By:1. Rishabh Krishna
2. Sk Minhazul Islam
3. Bharath Yarlagadda
Contents
Introduction
Why Health Monitoring?
Brief Discussion on Related Work
Comparison of Existing Works
Pros and Cons of Health Monitoring System
Addressing issues in Mobile Health Monitoring
Conclusion
Introduction
The consumers and healthcare service
providers using smart phones are growing
exponentially throughout last decade.
The adoption of this technology is rapid;
two-thirds of physicians and 42% of the
public used smartphones as of late 2009. [1]
As of February 2010, there were nearly
6,000 such apps within the Apple App Store.
Of these, 73% were intended for use by
consumer or patient end-users, while 27%
were targeted to healthcare professionals.
Why Health Monitoring?
Based on World Health Organizations Statistics
(WHO) and other sources, chronicle diseases and
psychological pressures are behind the death of
80% of elderly people (e.g. in Algeria).
The greater part of elderly suffer from various
chronic diseases.
We plan to elucidate on how recent advancement
in wireless communication and smartphone
technology
have
empowered
tremendous
improvement in health monitoring services.
Provide behavioral feedback about someones
health in order to prevent diseases.
Initial Work
Vital signs are the most basic functions that can be
measured from a person.
Provide health monitoring at home, which is particularly
useful for patients, who have to live alone.
Focused on the automatic and unobtrusive measurement
of biomedical signals and activities of patients.
Ubiquitous health monitoring is an important precursor
for analysis and diagnosis, as it allows biomedical
signals to be measured without the individuals
awareness.
Areas of Exploration
ECG Signal measurement on bed
Signal obtained by using a conductive sheet on bed.
ECG signals are measured by a conductive textile
electrode attached to the bed sheet.
Load cells to measure body weights
Weight losses are very alarming.
May indicate hormonal imbalance.
Reason can be tumors, as they break muscles and kill
appetite.
In load cells, voltage readings can be converted to
weights.
Areas of Exploration Contd..
Respiratory Problems: Snoring
Health risks of sleep apnea; a respiratory condition in
which the throat narrows or closes during sleep.
Condition can increase the risks of high blood
pressure, coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes.
Uses electret microphones; a fusion of electrode and
magnet.
Monitoring day-to-day activities
Routine exercise on a day to day basis.
Blood sugar levels.
Use of accelerometer and gyro meter.
Areas of Exploration Contd..
Measuring Temperatures of Body
Difficult as a mobile device has its own temperature.
Generally uses infra-red equipped with peripheral
devices.
Infrared: Go / No Go?
Blood-Oxygen saturation
Checks the level of oxygen in blood.
Uses the phones built-in video camera.
The patients fingertip is pressed against the lens of
the camera.
Captures small changes in light reflected by the
pulsing blood in the capillaries.
A Wireless Body Area Network of
Intelligent Motion Sensors for
Computer Assisted Physical
Rehabilitation [2]
Emil Jovanov, Aleksandar Milenkovic,
Chris Otto and Piet C de Groen
Characteristics
Wearable
health
monitoring
systems
integrated into a telemedicine system
Continuous monitoring
diagnostic procedure
Support
Early
Detection
of
Abnormal
Conditions and Prevention of Its Serious
Consequences
Provides Supervised Recovery From an Acute
Event or Surgical Procedure
as
part
of
There are Some Limitations in Existing
Topologies
Traditional personal medical monitoring
systems
Data were collected via off-line
processing
Wires may limit the patients activity and
level of comfort
negatively influence the measured results
Nonexistent support for massive data
collection and knowledge discovery
Data flow in an WBAN
Sensor level
Personal Server Level
Medical Service Level
Sensor Level
ECG(electrocardiogram) sensor for monitoring heart
activity
EMB(electromyography) sensor for monitoring
muscle activity
A blood pressure sensor
A tilt sensor for monitoring trunk position movement
Sensor Level Contd..
A smart sock sensor or a sensor equipped shoe
insole to delineate phases of individual steps
Continuously collect and process raw information,
store them locally, and send them to the personal
server
Minimal Weight of the Sensors
Low-power operation to permit prolonged
continuous monitoring Patient-specific calibration,
tuning and customization
Personal Server Level
Initialization, configuration and synchronization of
WBAN nodes
Control and monitor operation of WBAN nodes
An audio and graphical user-interface for early
warnings or guidance
Personal Server Level Contd..
Secure communication with remote
healthcare provider servers like
Internet-enabled PDA
3G cell phone
A home personal computer
Medical Service Level
An emergency service
If the received data are out of range
(from normal) or indicate an imminent
medical condition
The exact location of the patient
If the personal server is equipped with
GPS sensor
Monitoring the activity of the patient
By medical professionals
Issue altered guidance based on the new
information
Summary
Continuous monitoring in the ambulatory
setting
early detection of abnormal conditions
increased level of confidence
improve quality of life
supervised rehabilitation
potential knowledge discovery
through data mining of all gathered
information
MobiHealth: Ambulant Patient
Monitoring Over Public Wireless
Networks[3]
Dimitri Konstantas, Aart Van
Halteren, Richard Bults, Katarzyna
Wac, Val Jones, Ing Widya and
Rainer Herzog
Characteristics
Health BAN (Body Area Network) is paired with
advanced wireless communication.
It enables remote management of chronic
conditions and detection of health emergencies and
also maximizes patient mobility
It is a generic Body Area Network (BAN) for
healthcare (more general).
Characteristics Contd..
Measured Bio signals is converted to the Electrical
Signals by sensors connected to the BAN
It gets transmitted to the remote healthcare location
(hospitals or rooms of doctors) over public wireless
networks (GPRS/UMTS)
Characteristics Contd..
Practical Deployment
MobiHealth BAN and service platform have been
tested in four European countries like Sweden
Nederland, Spain and Germany with a variety of
patient groups and thus signifying
its practical appeal to the community
Characteristics Contd..
Apart From Sensors, it supports any body worn
device, hence the system has potentially many
applications in healthcare which allow healthcare
services to delivered in the community
MobiHealth System and
Services
MobiHealth System and Services Contd..
The healthcare BAN is an innovative health
monitoring tool that consists of sensors, actuators,
communication and processing facilities
Communication between entities within a BAN is
called intra-BAN communication.
MobiHealth System and
Services Contd..
To use the BAN for remote monitoring external
communication is required which is called extraBAN communication. The gateway that facilitates
extra-BAN communication is called the Mobile Base
Unit (MBU)
The MobiHealth Trial
The overall goal of the MobiHealth project is to
test the ability of 2.5 and 3G infrastructures to
support value added healthcare services.
There were exhaustive testing of Mobihealth
trials span four European countries like
Sweden, Germany, Nederland and Spain
It covers a range of conditions including
pregnancy, trauma, cardiology, rheumatoid,
arthritis and respiratory insufficiency
Trial 1
The target group in this trial was patients with
ventricular arrhythmia who are undergoing drug
therapy.
ECG measurements was taken regularly to monitor
the efficienyof drug therapy.
The patient is able to transmit ECG and blood
pressure via GPRS from home or elsewhere to the
health call center, where the vital signs were
monitored via some cardiologists.
Summary
We have avoided the rests of trials for time
constraints.
In this way, it is shown that WBAN (Wireless Body
Area Network) has played a significant part in
Mobile Health which has reduced human effort in a
great way by remotely monitoring human health.
ECAALYX
ECAALYX Enhanced Complete Ambient Assisted
Living Experiment.
ECAALYX is a an android application funded by the
European Union.
ECAALYX was developed to monitor 24/7 the health
and well being of the healthy old people.
This application gathers data periodically, analysis
them and conveys to the caretaker as per need.
The application gathers clinical and non clinical
data like Heart Rate, Temperature, body weight,
glucose levels, GPS location of the person.
Contd
Some of the sensors are built into the device, some fixed
sensors at the persons house and others are wearable.
The sensors mainly used are accelerometers (for fall
detection), GPS, glucose meters, ECG monitors etc.
The mobile device autonomously collects this data and
uploads it to the website of a caretaker where the decision
can be taken the caretaker to call the emergency services.
This application leverages the GPS to track the location of
the person and alerts the caretaker when ever the person
has wanders out of a predefined range.
The GPS location is also used in a novel way to check if
the data recorded at a particular location is similar to the
previous recorded data for the same place.
What Is The Current Face Of Health
Monitoring?
Health monitoring is no longer for the physicians or
hospitals.
It is no longer for people with chronic diseases.
Monitoring for all ages.
People showing interest in self diagnosis before
spending on a doctor.
Cost effective.
Sophisticated devices.
Better networking stack.
Contd
Assist in independent living of the people.
Smarter communication with medical personnel.
Large data for agencies to mine upon and research
for patterns and solve complex problems.
Set up med camps in remote areas of the world and
provide diagnosis.
Cheaper add on devices with sensing capabilities.
Building social networks.
Improved mobility of users and better connectivity.
Scope for better and improved Interfaces.
Disadvantages of Mobile Health
Monitoring
The apps are not always designed with end users in
mind.
The usage of the smart phones can be over whelming to
older patients.
The apps may be useable to some set of users due to
disabilities (ex: color blindness)
The devices are considered to be present always with
the end user while tracking.
The current applications may not be useful if the user
the user is unconscious.
The apps must be explicitly started by the user for
tracking.
Contd
Most of the applications need private data to help
the users.
The users are skeptical about providing personal
data to third party applications.
The smart phones being used currently have limited
battery life and the apps are of no use if the device
turns off. So there is need for low power consuming
apps.
Most of the applications require a network to convey
the emergency data and the framework is not so
robust in remote areas where the network is not
proper.
Addressing Some Issues In Mobile Health
Monitoring
a.
b.
The main issue for the health monitoring systems today is
although they have a great set of functionalities and provide
numerous services they are still over whelming for an end
user because they are not targeted at a generic audience.
Below are some pointers The Applications must be developed with by employing
actual patients for testing and steer the direction of the
scope of the application.
The Older people have trouble using the application on
smart phones. This can be solved by mimicking the interface
of the the application with a well known interface for the old
people. So extensive design research should be done.
Privacy is one of the major issue in these health monitoring
applications. A protocol should be built which allows the user to
set the level of visibility of his personal data based on the
personnel accessing his data during cases of emergency.
The need of low power consumption devices is at an all time
high. With the invention of various ad-hoc devices that gather
various data of the human body, they need to be controlled and
maintained by a smart phone and this causes battery drain.
In remote areas or other disaster areas the ad-hoc
communication is the only way of communication so the health
monitoring applications should leverage this technology too.
Using fall back techniques like wi-fi direct, bluetooth can be
used to transmit the data to the servers causing the device to try
its best to log the data at the health server.
Conclusion
Through this presentation we have given a overview of
the various works done in mobile health and some
differences between them.
There is a high penetration in the health sector with the
advent of new range of smart phones and better
customizable OS.
Mobile health monitoring system is here to stay for the
future.
Mobile health is not just monitoring, it will and should
grow as a user community to help each other and
serve efficiently during emergency situations.
References
1. http://www.chcf.org/publications/2010/04/how-smartphones-arechanging-health-care-forconsumers-and-providers.
2. E. Jovanov A. Milenkovic C. Otto P. C. De Groen, A wireless body area
network of intelligent motion sensors for computer assisted physical
rehabilitation, Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 2005, vol.
2.
3. D Konstantas, A Van Halteren, R Bults, K Wac, V Jones, I Widya, R
Herzog, MOBIHEALTH: AMBULANT PATIENT MONITORING OVER
PUBLIC WIRELESS NETWORKS, Mediterranean Conference on Medical
and Biological Engineering MEDICON 2004.
4. Maged N Kamel, Boulos Steve Wheeler, Carlos Tavares, Ray Jones, "
How Smartphones are changing the face of mobile and participatory
healthcare: an overview, with example from eCAALYX", BioMedical
Engineering OnLine.
Thank You
