INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY SEK

ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION II
GROUP A:
Geovanna Castillo, Victoria Jimnez, Emilio Zaldaa, Danilo Naranjo, Kelvin Ormaza,
Franks Araya
Partial II
Importance of hygiene and sanitation
Lack of access to sanitation services aggravates and is aggravated by poverty, inequity
and poor health. Without access to these basic services, people, especially children, miss
out on opportunities to improve their own lives with dignity and good health. As long as
the human right of access to adequate sanitation and safe water supply is denied to the
poor, the health status of millions of children around the world will not improve in a
sustainable manner. Lack of sanitation is a critical determinant in the contamination of
drinking-water by microbes. Fecal pollution of drinking-water can lead to a number of
diseases, including cholera, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, salmonellosis, shigellosis,
giardiasis, hepatitis and poliomyelitis.
The information extracted from this paragraph and the relationship that lives our
country

currently caused

by the

earthquake

who

lived

the

province

of

Manabi destroying thousands of homes, water facilities, sewerage, sanitation and the
death of hundreds of people, this catastrophic

has a lot to do with the subject of

hygiene and sanitation as this is of great importance to maintain optimum health without
suffer from diseases caused by the lack of hygiene and resources as may be drinking
water, medicines, sewerage, in addition the catastrophe caused sanitation problems
because in the epicenter and in the surrounding area of the Province. The death toll rose
to a considerable number of this fact led to the saturation of the resulting burial in an
unhealthy environment and little living for odor and lack the vital liquid and food have
caused a lack of sanitation is a key critic of drinking water contamination by microbes.
Fecal contamination of drinking water can lead to a number of diseases such as cholera,
typhoid, paratyphoid fever, salmonellosis, shigellosis, giardiasis, hepatitis and polio and
this does in place by the earthquake were destroyed bathrooms and the sewage system
causing diseases described above.

All the inhabitants of this province and the people who have suffered because of the
earthquake have the right of access to adequate sanitation and drinking water supply
was difficult because they destroy the drinking water, resulting in the health of
thousands of children and adults across the sector will improve in a sustainable manner
since there is a lack of support for the recovery of the affected area east by the lack of
funding caused by the crisis the country is going through.
But despite the current situation which crosses the province the population is aware
that good hygiene helps to eliminate germs and allows us to feel safe ourselves and
without fear of suffering from disease described above, and it should also take into
account the importance of sanitation with a

view to achieving the objectives of the

environmental sanitation is important to have adequate personnel, capable of designing,

implementing, monitoring and controlling different techniques of sanitary and
environmental engineering aimed to meet those goals for the full recovery of the
shattering of earthquake through the assistance of staff from direct action, which refers
engineers,

doctors,

builders

civilians,

architects,

doctors,

veterinary

health/environmental inspectors, Health educators/environmental, among others. Staff

of indirect action, or secondary participation, refers to nurses, social visitors,
teachers/teachers and any member of the health team, which through specific actions
such as officials, can educate the community and inform the problems in the field
observed in their daily activity all these help the recovery of the sector concerned to this
does not suffer from diseases caused by lack of hygiene and sanitation.

A Participatory Approach for the Control of Diarrhoeal Disease

(Sawyer, Simpson-Hebert, & Wood, 1998) More particularly, in terms of hygiene and
sanitation, this guide:
- provides those working in water supply and sanitation with a new model for changing
hygiene behavior
- provides those involved in the prevention of cholera and other diarrhoea! Diseases
with a tool for empowering communities to eliminate such water and sanitation-related
diseases
- provides community workers with methods that can lead to community management
of water and sanitation facilities.
The participatory methods described in this guide will lead to knowledge,
empowerment and responsibility on the part of the community with whom you work. So
by using them, you can make an important contribution to the fight for better
environments and better health.
PHAST seeks to help communities:
- improve hygiene behaviours
- prevent diarrhoea! Diseases
- encourage community management of water and sanitation facilities.
It does this by:
- demonstrating the relationship between sanitation and health status
- increasing the self-esteem of community members
- empowering the community to plan environmental improvements and to own and
operate water and sanitation facilities.
The methods for achieving these goals are called participatory methods.

This part is important for we work final because explain that is PHAST and in that
consist. The activities in this guide are based on principles of participatory learning for
sanitation change. In our final work these steps can help us to have a guide against a
possible outbreak of disease after a natural disaster like an earthquake is.

This important because the guide is divided into steps and each step is divided into
activities. Be sure to follow the steps in order since each step equips participants with
what they need to do or know to complete the next step. If a step is missed, the group
could have trouble with the activities of the following step.

Sanitation challenge
Turning commitment into reality
Traditionally, water supply and sanitation appear together as an inseparable concept
in public statements; sometimes hygiene is also included. Sanitation and hygiene
usually disappear, however, when it comes to policy-making, planning, budgeting and
implementation. Since the health and environmental benefits of improved sanitation and
hygiene are enjoyed by the community at large, there should be genuine public interest
in expanding access to sanitation. Yet many feel powerless to act on an issue that is still
shrouded in cultural taboos or stigma (World Health Organization, 2004).
What can we do?
National governments can seriously and visibly act on their commitment to sanitation
and hygiene by commissioning a thorough review of policy and institutional
arrangements; making explicit budget allocations for sanitation and hygiene programs
to district and local governments; ensuring that sanitation is included in poverty
reduction strategies and environmental action plans; funding hygiene promotion and
sanitation, training and capacity building; and establishing micro-credit policies and
facilities for communities wishing to engage in sanitation initiatives (World Health
Organization, 2004).
District/local governments can contribute to making sanitation and hygiene a reality in
local settings by allocating resources to public and school sanitation; hiring sanitation
and hygiene specialists; reviewing local planning and technical regulations for
opportunities to improve sanitation; and sponsoring hygiene promotion and sanitation
marketing (World Health Organization, 2004).
Communities and civil society can raise the profile of sanitation by lobbying local
government for sanitation and hygiene promotion programs; by offering expertise and
support especially for social mobilization and hygiene promotion; by finding out what
local people really want and making sure that government knows about it; and by being
bold and showing the government what it means to live without access to sanitation
(World Health Organization, 2004).
Households can be vocal and active encouraging local authorities to champion
sanitation, adopt good sanitation and hygiene practices and serve as role models for

others; seeking ways of acting collectively with neighbors to improve and maintain
sanitation facilities; and offering to help with hygiene promotion and sanitation
marketing in other locations (World Health Organization, 2004).
Entrepreneurs can lobby governments for the right to provide sanitation services (where
this is not yet the case); find out what sort of sanitation services people want and start
developing products; offer financial terms to help people make the needed investments;
and let the government know what is happening at the local level (World Health
Organization, 2004).
I chose this part of the paper because I think we have to start making new rules for
everybody that can help to keep the equilibrium between the environment and humans. I
also think that this is very important in the province of Manabi after the earthquake
because we have to create new environmental policies that can remake those zones with
new projects of basic services that can keep a good hygiene rate in these areas.

Inheriting the World

Every child has the right to live in a healthy, supportive environment an environment
that encourages growth and development, and protects from disease. Many of the
worlds children, however, are exposed to hazards in the very places that should be
safest the home, school and community. Considering that their growing bodies are
particularly sensitive to environmental threats, the final burden of childhood disease is
substantial. Every year, more than three million children die due to unhealthy
environments.
It is surprising that there are areas where there are children who die because they live in
places where there are no basic conditions so that they can have a normal growth or
simply where they can live without diseases which can kill them yet in this century.
The majority of these child deaths are caused by unsafe water, lack of sanitation,
indoor air pollution, and mosquitoes bearing malaria. Other environmental hazards
include passive smoking, lead and pesticides, road traffic accidents, and global
environmental changes.
In this paragraph we can find examples of things that are destroying the lives of children
who do not have the guilt of the irresponsibility of us adults. We must create awareness
in all acts that we carry out every day, because we are ending with little angels which
are not the fault of our acts.
Know that the majority of deaths can be avoided and that we do not do that, shows the
world that we are creating for our children. I can't believe the dangers to which these
exposed these children are only responsible for us.
Persistent poverty aggravates these environmental threats. The children worst affected
are those in the developing world, and the enormous burden of ill-health falling on their
youngest citizens constrains the social and economic development of these countries.
It is obvious that poor children are those who suffer most, but knowing that no one will
intervene to prevent these deaths, show us the world in which we live. We must begin to
take a more responsible environmental behavior, due to the fact that we are exploiting
all the resources of nature no matter what may cause this behavior.
Children are helpless in the face of environmental risks and, all too frequently, adults
do not listen to the voices of children or act upon their most urgent needs. But we must

listen. Children are our most precious resource. Together, now is the time to focus our
efforts on combating environmental threats to childrens health and to work towards a
sustainable and brighter future.
Children are the most important thing we have, because they are the future, but we are
leaving legacy a world without resources, a destroyed world, a world in which it is no
longer able to give us the resources to live. We still have time to change this reality, and
as we know the change begins from us. And we must now rise due to the fact that we
are destroying our home.
Inheriting the world according to (wook, 2004). Every child has the right to live in a
healthy environment and support, an environment which fosters the growth and
development and protects against diseases. Many of the world's children, however, are
at risk in the very places that should be safest as the home, school and community.
Taking into account that they are their bodies more and more particularly sensitive to
environmental threats, the final burden of the childhood disease is considerable.
Each year, more than 3 million children die due to unhealthy environments. Most of
these deaths is caused by water contaminated, lack of sanitation, pollution of the air, and
mosquitos with malaria. Other environmental hazards include lead and pesticides,
passive smoking, traffic accidents and global environmental changes (wook, 2004).
As expressed earlier are some causes of deaths not only in children but in all human
beings one of the problems faced by the country is the earthquake of April 16, 2016 that
affection to all the area of Manabi causing various diseases and deaths at the biological
level, in the areas affected not only had deaths also affect the environment variety of
pollution of water and the environment generating large waste and an unbearable smell
this was due the death of several Union inhabitants.
It is important to remember that children, in particular, suffer from water-related
diseases. Each episode of diarrhea again sets a growth of children decreasing your
appetite and reduced its absorption of calories and nutrients.
(Wook, 2004) The essence of life and human dignity. As a fundamental human right
"sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible and affordable water for domestic
uses and the staff is vital for all." Governments are responsible for ensuring that this
human right is gradually fulfilled. As a result of its action, in collaboration with

partners, 900 million more people gained access to improved water supply during the
1990s. But 1.1 billion people in rural areas and urban slums still rely on drinking water
from rivers, lakes and open wells.
Forward to everyone providing access to protection of wells and, ultimately, drinking
water supplies will be radically reduce the childhood disease. In the meantime,
disinfection and filtration at home are simple and inexpensive measures that make an
immediate difference in the lives of the worst affected (Wook, 2004).
In Ecuador the current Governments are taking stringent measures regarding this
problem how to upload the VAT to 14 percent and having the affected areas in
quarantine, also creating shelters for affected people, but is a serious problem which is
the pollution of the water causing diseases, the perfect idea would be water treatment
either by filters or chemical treatment as you explained it above to expect the
development of drinking water and sewerage systems. This improving the quality of life
of our children and the biological heritage that is designated.

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