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CITIZENSHIP
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TheCitizenshipismentionedinPartIIoftheIndianConstitution.
TheCitizenshipprovisionsarecoveredunderarticles5to11oftheIndianConstitution.
TheCitizenshipprovides
fullpoliticalmembershipinthestate
permanentallegiancetothestate
AND
Officialrecognitionbythestateofhisintegrationintothepolitical
system.
Thecitizenpledgesloyaltytothestate
Thestateprotectsthecitizens.
TheCitizenshiptoanindividualalsobrings
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Rights
Duties
Privileges
And
Obligations
(Allthesedonotbelongtoaliens)
ThePublic(government)officesareopenonlytothecitizens.
Onlythecitizensareeligiblefortheofficesof
ThePresident(Article58(1)(a))
TheVicePresident(Article66(3)(a))
TheJudgeoftheSupremeCourt(Article124(3))
TheJudgeofaHighCourt(Article217(2))
TheAttorneyGeneral(Article76(2))
TheGovernorofaState(Article157)
TheAdvocateGeneral(Article165)
Therightofsuffrage(vote)fortheelectiontotheHouseofthepeople(Loksabha)andtheLegislativeassembly
ofeverystate(Article326)
RighttobecomeamemberofParliamentArticle(84)
RighttobecomeamemberofastatelegislatureArticle(191(d))
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Thecitizensareeligibleforrecruitmenttoallpublicservices.
Onlythecitizenshavetherighttovote
TheconceptofCitizenshipcameintoexistencesincetheadoptionoftheConstitutionon
November26,1949.
TheConstitutionofIndialaiddownthelawinregardtowhowouldbethecitizensof
IndiaatthetimeofcommencementoftheConstitution.
TheConstitutionofIndiahasnotprovidedforthemodeofacquisitionandtermination
ofcitizenship.
As per Article 11 of the Indian Constitution the parliament could regulate the right of
citizenshipbylaw.
TheParliamentpassedtheCitizenshipAct,1955foracquisitionandterminationofthe
Citizenship.
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WHOARETHECITIZENSOFINDIA?
As per the Article 11 of the Indian citizenship Act, the Parliament has enacted the
CitizenshipAct,1955.
TheCitizenshipAct,1955hasbeenamendedin1986,1992,2003and2005.
TheArticles5to8oftheIndianConstitutionconfersthecitizenshiponthepeopleatthe
timeofthecommencementoftheIndianConstitution.
PersonsdomiciledinIndia
PersonsmigratedfromPakistan
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PersonsmigratedtoPakistanbutlaterreturnedtoIndia
PersonsofIndianoriginresidingoutsideIndia
Article5:ThisprovidesthatapersonbecomesentitledtothecitizenshipofIndiaif,
atthecommencementoftheConstitutionhehashisdomicileintheterritoryofIndia,
Or
heoreitherofhisparentswereborninIndia
Or
He has been ordinarily resident in the territory of India for not less than 5 years
immediatelybeforethecommencementoftheConstitution.
DOMICILE:
The term Domicile is not defined in the Indian
Constitution.
Domicileisapersonsresidencewhereheintendsto
liveonapermanentbasis.
Permanentresidence
And
Intentiontoresideindefinitely
ConstitutestheDomicile.
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Article 6: This provides for citizenship rights of migrants from Pakistan before the
commencementoftheConstitution.
Thisprovides2typesofdistinctions.
ThepeoplemigratingtoIndiabeforeJuly19,1948
And
ThepeoplemigratingtoIndiaafterJuly19,1948
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Note:PermitsystemformigrationwasintroducedonJuly19,1948.
Today'sQuestion ClickHere
ApersonmigratedbeforeJuly19,1948shallbedeemedtobeacitizenofIndiaonthe
commencementoftheConstitutionif.
Theperson
Or
Hisparents(borninIndiaasdefinedbytheGOIAct,1935)
OR
Anyofgrandparents(borninIndiaasdefinedbytheGOIAct,1935)
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And
HasbeenordinarilyresidinginIndiasincethedateofthemigration.
IncaseofmigrationafterJuly19,1948
HeshouldhavebeenregisteredasacitizenofIndiabyanofficerappointedforthe
purposebythegovernmentofIndia.
And
HasbeenresidinginIndiaforatleast6monthsimmediatelyprecedingthedateof
application.
Today'sQuestion ClickHere
Article7:ApersonwhomigratedtoPakistanfromIndiaafterMarch1,1947,butlater
returnedtoIndiaforresettlementcouldbecomeacitizenofIndia.
ForthisthepersonhehadtobetheresidentofIndiafor6monthsprecedingthedateof
hisapplicationforregistration.
Note: the meaning of Migration mentioned in Article 7 is the migration before the
commencementoftheConstitution.
ThepersonmigratingfromPakistantoIndia,afterJanuary26,1950aregovernedbythe
CitizenshipAct,1955.
Article8:ThisArticleprovidesthat
Aperson
Or
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Anyofhisparents
Or
anyofhisgrandparents
borninIndiaasdefinedbytheGovernmentofIndiaAct,1935
butordinarilyresidingoutsideIndiashallbecomeacitizenofIndiaifregisteredasa
citizenofIndiabythediplomaticrepresentativeofIndiainthatcountry.
ThisiswithrespecttobeforeorafterthecommencementoftheConstitutionofIndia.
Article9:Thisprovidesthatifapersonvoluntarilyacquiredthecitizenshipofanother
country,heshallforfeittherightofthecitizenshipofIndia.
TheaboveclauseisapplicabletocasesarisingbeforethecommencementoftheIndian
Constitution.
SuchtypeofcasesarisingafterthecommencementoftheConstitutionshallbedealtby
theCitizenshipAct,1955.
Note:whetherapersonhaslostthecitizenshipofIndiaafteracquiringtheCitizenshipof
theothercountryistobedecidedbythegovernmentofIndia.
Article10:thisprovidesthateverypersonwhoisorisdeemedtobeacitizenofIndia
underanyoftheprovisionsinthearticles5to10shallcontinuetobeacitizenofIndia.
Thisissubjecttotheprovisionsofanylawmadebytheparliament.
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Article11:ThisarticleprovidesfortheParliamenttoenactlegislationspertainingtothe
acquisitionandterminationofthecitizenshipofIndia.
The Parliament passes Citizenship Act, 1955 providing for the acquisition and
terminationofthecitizenship.
Thecitizenshipcanbeacquiredby5ways.
ByBirth
ByDescent
ByRegistration
ByNaturalization
Byincorporatingaterritory
Thecitizenshipcanbeterminatedin3methods.
Renunciation
Termination
Deprivation
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ACQUIRINGTHECITIZENSHIPOFINDIA:
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BYBIRTH:
Thiswasamendedintheyear1986.
ApersonisthecitizenofIndiabybirthif
HeisborninIndiaonorafterJanuary26,1950butbeforeJune30,1987
OR
HeisborninIndiaonorafterJuly1,1987butatthetimeofthebirtheitherofhisparents
wasacitizenofIndia.
Note:ThechildrenofforeigndiplomatspostedinIndiaandenemyalienscannotacquirethe
Indiancitizenshipbybirth.
BYDESCENT:
ApersonbornoutsideIndiawasentitledtoIndiancitizenshipifhisfatherwasanIndia
citizen.
NOTE:NotMother
Thiswasamendedintheyear1992.
ApersonbornoutsideIndiaonorafterJanuary26,1950isacitizenofIndiabydescent
if,atthetimeofhisbirtheitherofhisparentswasanIndiancitizen.
BYREGISTRATION:
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CertaincategoriesofpersonscanberegisteredasIndiancitizens.
Persons of Indian origin who are ordinarily resident in India for 5 years immediately
beforemakinganapplicationforregistration
PersonsofIndianoriginwhoareordinarilyresidentinanycountryorplaceoutsideIndia
PersonswhoaremarriedtocitizensofIndiaandwhoareordinarilyresidentinIndiafor5
yearsimmediatelybeforemakinganapplicationforregistration
MinorchildrenofpersonswhoarecitizensofIndia
And
Personswhoarecitizensofcommonwealthcountries
(Note: The period of acquisition of citizenship by registration was increased from 6
monthstofiveyears).
BYNATURALIZATION:
AforeignercanacquirethecitizenshipofIndiabynaturalizationif
Herenouncesthecitizenshipofothercountry
Heisofgoodcharacter
Hehasanadequateknowledgeofalanguagementionedinthe8thscheduleoftheIndian
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Constitution
HeisnotacitizenofacountrywhereIndiancitizenscannotbecomenaturalizedcitizens
The government can waive all above conditions if a person has rendered distinguished
servicetothescience,art,literature,worldpeaceorhumanprogress.
BYINCORPORATIONOFTERRITORY:
IfanyforeignterritorybecomesapartofIndia,thenthegovernmentspecifiesthrough
notificationthatthepeopleofthatterritoryshallbethecitizensofIndia.
HOWTHECITIZENSHIPISLOST?
BYRENUNCIATION:
ThisisavoluntaryactbywhichapersonholdingthecitizenshipofIndiaaswellasthat
ofanothercountrymaygiveuponeofthem.
WhenapersonrenouncesthecitizenshipeveryminorchildofhisceasestobeanIndian
citizen
But, the child within one year after attaining 18 years of age may resume Indian
citizenship.
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BYTERMINATION:
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WhenanIndiancitizenacquiresthecitizenshipofothercountryvoluntarily,theIndian
citizenshipisautomaticallyterminated.
BYDEPRIVATION:
ThisisacompulsoryterminationoftheIndiancitizenshipbythecentralgovernmentif
Thecitizenhasobtainedthecitizenshipbyfraud
Or
ThecitizenhasshownthedisloyaltytotheconstitutionofIndia
Or
Thecitizenhasunlawfullytradedorcommunicatedwiththeenemyduringawar
Or
Thecitizenhas,within5yearsofregistrationornaturalizationbeenimprisonedinany
countryfor2years
Or
ThecitizenhasbeenordinarilyresidentoutofIndiafor7yearscontinuously.
NOTE: This is not applicable to students and employees who are serving in the
international organizations. If a person registers annually at the Indian consulate his
intentiontoretaintheIndiancitizenship.
MISCELLANEOUS:
TheConstitutionavoidedthedualcitizenship.
ThereisonlyoncecitizenshiprelatedtothedomicileintheterritoryofwholeIndiaand
notinapartofthecountry.
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Note:InUSthereisdualcitizenship.
The Citizenship act of 1955 provided for the Commonwealth Citizenships. But this
provisionwasrepealedbytheCitizenship(Amendment)Act,2003.
ThePIO(PersonofIndianOrigin)cardentitlesapersontovisitIndiawithoutavisa.
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Jointhediscussion
V.B.Chandrasekaran 7monthsago
Registration,renewalandcancellationofapublicsociety.
MisguidedunderstandingofthewordsNGO,License,Permit,Renewal,Registration
of.Etal.
Dearfriends,
20thNovember2015
ItisamusingforalaypersonlikemewhobelievethatLAWisLOGICand
wisdomofcommonperson/citizentoreadthewordsNGO,License,Permit,Renewal
Registrationetalareusedsolooselyandcasuallyinthecontextof
VoluntaryOrganisations.Attheendofthedayweareamisinformedlotby
mesmerisationofhearingthesewordsrepeatedly.
WE,VoluntaryOrganisationsarenotgivenLicenseandPermits.Idonot
knowwhichblokestartedusingormisusingthesewordsthatcommoncitizensget
wrongsignals.But,wereadsuchwordseveninTheHinduwellknownforGood
English..Willanylegalluminarycorrectmyunderstandingand
perceptionthatitisrightorcorrectorwrongtousetheseterminologies,
seemore
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