[TYPE THE COMPANY NAME]

Transmission Line
Design
80mw 100km

1. Most Economical Voltage calculation

The most economical voltage is given by the following empirical formula:

Lt
P * 1000

1.6 cos * Nc * 150

Economical Voltage (V eco)=5.5*

Where,
Lt= Length of transmission line= 100km
P= Power to be transmitted=80mw
cos= Power factor=0.98
Nc= No. of circuit=1
Then using the above formula we get

Veco

= 135.47kv

Nearest Standard Voltage = 132 kv

Taking 132 kv as a required voltage as it is more near to the obtained
economical voltage, So standard voltage level of transmission line = 132 kv
1.2 Checking Technical Criterion:
Surge impedance loading (SIL)=V/Zl=132/400=43.56 mw
Surge impedance of overhead line(Zl)=400/Nc=400/1=400
We have ,

Plimit=mf*SIL
Multiplying Factor(mf)=2.625
So,

Plimit=2.625*43.56=114.34 mw

Since,

Plimit> P

Hence the technical criterion is satisfied, so we select the voltage level of

132 kv

Voltage Level for given Power

132 kv

Transmission
Number of Ckt

Power Factor(cos)

0.98

Length Of Tansmission Line

100 km

2. Calculation Of Insulation Discs:

For all the calculations of number of insulator discs, we considered the
following value of different factor:
FOWR= Flashover Withstand Ratio=1.5
NACF=Non Atmospheric Condition Factor=1.1
FS=Factor Of Safety=1.2
Maximum System Voltage for 132 kv= 145 kv (10% above the system
voltage)
Switching to Impulse Ratio(SIR)=1.15
Switching Surge Ratio(SSR)=2.8
2.1 Number of insulator required for temporary overvoltage
Temporary o/v(Vc)=2*k*VL-L , K vaires from 1 to 0.6, avg=0.8
Equivalent flashover voltage= Temporary o/v(Vc) * FOWR* NACF*FS
=2*0.8*145*1.15*1.1*1.2
=249.02 kv
From standard table number of insulator discs required to withstand above
equivalent voltage is 2
2.2 Number of insulator discs required to withstand continuous operating
voltage:
a.Equivalent dry 1 min flashover voltage=Equivalent dry 1 min
voltage*FOWR*NACF*SF
=265(from table)*1.15*1.1*1.2
=402.27 kv
From standard table number of insulator discs required to withstand above
equivalent voltage is 7

b. Equivalent wet 1 min flashover voltage=Equivalent wet 1 min

voltage*FOWR*NACF*SF
=230(from
table)*1.15*1.1*1.2
=349.14 kv kv
From standard table number of insulator discs required to withstand above
equivalent voltage is 9
2.3 Number of insulator discs required for switching overvoltage:
S/W overvoltage=(2/3)*max. System O/V *SSR*SIR
Switching impulse fov=switching o/v*switching to impusle
ratio(SIR)*FOWR*NACF*FS
=(2/3)*145*1.15*2.8*1.15*1.1*1.2
=578.69 kv
From standard table number of insulator discs required to withstand above
equivalent voltage is 6
2.4 Number of insulator discs required for the lightning O/V:
Equivalent Impusle fov=equivalent lightning o/v*FOWR*NACF*FS
=550*1.15*1.1*1.2
=834.9 kv
From standard table number of insulator discs required to withstand above
equivalent voltage is 9
SN

Voltage level Description

1.

Temporary o/v appearing across the

insulator
Continuous Voltage
a. Continuous o/v in DRY
condition
b. Continuous o/v in WET
condition

2.

3.
4.

Switching o/v
O/V due to lightning

Table 1:

Voltage Level
(kv)
249.02

Number Of Discs

402.27
834.27

7
9

578.69
834.9

6
9

Hence from the above table the required number of insulator discs to
withstand all types of voltage level in all condition for given system is 9

Required number of insulator discs = 9

3. Air Clearance Calculation

a= minimum distance (clearance requirement) from a line conductor to any
earthed object, and is given by the following relation:
a=

maximum system voltage25

*2 cm
3
=(145*2)/3 +25
=143.39cm =1.43m

Clearance(cl )=2a=286.78cm =2.86m

b =1.5a=215.78cm=2.15m
d = (1.5a/2 +cl)/tan30 =682.98cm=6.82m
L = a2 =202.78cm=2.02m
Y = (L+a)/(1-(L+a) *(x/y)) = 378.12cm=3.78m
from 1/3 to 1/4
Y/2 = 189.12cm=1.89m
C =b+2cl=789.34cm=7.89m

;the ratio of x/y ranges

Table 2:
Air clearance form the earthed object(a)
Tower Width(b)
Vertical distance between two adjacent
conductor(y)
Horizontal distance between two adjacent
conductor(c)
Height of the earth wire from the top cross
arm(d)

1.43m
2.15m
3.78m
7.89m
6.82m

4. Conductor and tower selection

Line current is calculated as;
I=P/(3*Vl-l*cos*Nc)
=80000000/(3*132000*0.98*1)
=357.05 Amp
Comparing this value of current with the current carrying capacity from the
given standard ASCR conductor table, conductor LEOPARD is of right choice.
Further we have to find the efficiency of line and it should be >94%

Efficiency=Pout/Pin
=Pout/(Pout+Ploss) >94%
Loss=3*I*R(65)
R(65)=R20[1+alpha(T-20)]
Where, T= maximum allowable temperature
Take T= 65 degree centigrade
Table 3:
SN

Name Of
Conductor
1 Leopard
2 Coyote
3 Tiger
4 Wolf
5 Lynx
6 Panther
7 Lion
8 Bear
9 Goat

R20
R65
0.219 0.2587
3
74
0.221 0.2612
4
52
0.222 0.2620
1
78
0.184 0.2175
4
92
0.158 0.1875
9
02
0.137 0.1622
5
5
0.122 0.1443
3
14
0.110 0.1300
2
36
0.089 0.1060
89
7

Total
R(ohm)
25.8774
26.1252
26.2078
21.7592
18.7502
16.225
14.4314
13.0036
10.60702

Ploss(watt)
9930208.1
61
10025299.
07
10056996.
04
8349887.7
56
7195212.3
89
6226190.7
08
5537913.6
26
4990008.8
44
4070343.8
74

Efficiency(
%)
88.95787
259
88.86390
917
88.83263
213
90.54906
807
91.74815
659
92.77923
487
93.52577
893
94.12871
123
95.15840
701

For the conductor LEOPARD the efficiency is 88.95% which is<94% so,
Conductor BEAR is chosen since efficiency >94%
For conductor BEAR;
Conductor diameter=23.45mm =0.02345m
GMR for inductance=0.7788r=0.009131m
GMR for capacitance=r=0.011725m
GMD=6.28m

5. Corona inception voltage criterion

Vci = 21.1*GMR*ln(GMD/GMR)*m*
Where , m=roughness factor= 0.9 for ASCR conductor
=relative density of air=0.95
If GMR is in cm Vci =..(kv) per phase

If Vci>Vs(per phase) design is safe from corona effect.

Vci= 21.1*1.1725(cm)*0.9*0.95*ln(6.28/0.011725)
=132.90kv
Vs(phase)= 132/3 =76.21 kv
Here, Vci>Vs so no corona occurs.

6. Voltage regulation criterion

For a conductor Bear,

Conductor diameter=23.45mm =0.02345m

GMR for inductance=0.7788r=0.009131m
GMR for capacitance=r=0.011725m
GMD=6.28m
Resistance of whole line(R)=13.0036ohm
Inductance of Whole length (L) =2 * 10-7 ln (GMD/GMRi)*L
=0.13H

Capacitance of whole length(C)=

2
* L * e3
GMD
ln

GMRc
=

2
ln ( 6.28 /0.011725)

=8.84*e-7
=0.88 uf
Now Impedance of the Line (Z) = R + j 2fL
=13.0036 + j 40.84
=42.86<72.33
Susceptance of the Line (Y)

= j314.15*C
=j3.14*e-4
=3.14*e-4<90

z =Z/L= 42.86<72.33/100000 =4.28*e-4<72.33

y =Y/L=3.14*e-9<90
=zy

A, B, C, D parameters calculation

*100000

A=D=(1+YZ/2) =1.0054
B= Z(1+YZ/4)= 42.86<72.33
C= Y(1+YZ/4)=3.14*e-4<90
Now, Sending end Voltage (Vs) = A*Vr +B*Ir
=1.0054*132 + 42.86<72.33*0.357
=148.01<72.33
=148.57 kv
Voltage Regulation (VR)= (|Vs|/A -|Vr| )/|Vr
= 11.94 %
Voltage regulation < 12% so this conductor BEAR can be used.

7. Tension calculation for different conductor with different span in

different condition
Four different conductors below conductor bear in ASCR conductor table is chosen. Hence
tension calculation will be done for conductor Bear, Goat, Deer and Sheep with span length
250m, 275m, 300m, 325m and 350m. Tension for Toughest, Stringing and Easiest condition are
calculated and tabulated below. Sample is also shown..
Sample calculation for conductor Bear;
Area of conductor=326.1mm
Linear expansion coefficient(alpha) =17.73*e-6 per degree c
Modulus of elasticity (E)=0.78*e6 kg/cm
Tension at the toughest condition (T1)= (ultimate tensile strength)/(factor of safety)=5655 kg
Weight of conductor(Wc)=1219 kg/km
Wind Pressure = 100 kg/m
Weight due to the wind force(Ww)=span length*(2/3)*diameter of conductor*air pressure
=100*1000*23.4526e-3*2/3
=1563.33 kg
Weight of ice (wice) = 0
Weight for toughest condition (w1) =

2 ( wc+ wice ) 2+ww 2

= 1982.41 kg/km

Weight for the stringing and easiest condition (w2) = 1219kg.

Then, the tension at stringing (T2) and the easiest condition (T3) is calculated using the following
equation known as STRINGING EQUATION.
T22 [T2+k1] - k2 = 0

.. (1)

Where,

W1 L2

K 1 T1 2 1 AE
AE
2

24T1
2

and,

W2 L
AE
24
K2=
.
From the above data, the values of K1 and K2 for the span of 250m are given by:
K1=-3923.97 kg
K2=0.993*e10 kg
Using the stringing equation the value of T2 is found to be,
T2= 4330.01, -233.02j1475
Hence T2 = 4330.01 kg
Similarly , T3 is calculated by the similar procedure as above. For the calculation of T3 the value
of K1 and K2 fro 250m span is given by;
K1=-1878.02
K2=0.993*e10
Using stringing equation we get,
T3= 2989.357, -555.66j1735.91
Hence, T3= 2989.357 Kg
In the similar manner, the values of tensions for different conductor
tabulated below:
Table 4: Conductor weight and tension

SN

Conducto
r

Wc

Diameter(
m)

1 Bear

1219

2 Goat

1492

Ww
Wice
1563.333
0.02345
333
1731.333
0.02597
333

3 Sheep

1726

0.02793

1862

4 Kundah

1282

0.02682

5 Deer

1977

0.02989

1788
1992.666
667

Table 5: Calculation of tension at easiest and toughest condition

0
0

and

span length is

W1
W2
T1
1982.4
16
1219
5655
2285.5
15
1492
6890
2538.9
21
1726
9455
2200.1
06
1282
4501
2807

1977

9115

S
N

Conduct
or

1 Bear

Span
Lengt
h
250
275
300
325
350

2 Goat

250
275
300
325
350

3 Sheep

250
275
300
325
350

K1 for
T2
3923.6
3
3751.1
6
3562.2
5
3356.9
2
3135.1
7
4872.0
7
4682.7
2
4475.3
4
4249.9
3
4006.4
9
7475.8
7
7332.0
4
7174.5
2
7003.3
6818.3
8

K2 for T2

T2

K1 for
T3

K2 for T3

T3

99311997
71

4429.7
4 1876.03

99311997
71

2988.2
1

12016751
723

4378.0
8 1703.55

12016751
723

3020.5
9

14300927
670

4326.3
1 1514.65

14300927
670

3050.9
9

16783727
613

4275.2 1309.32

16783727
613

3079.3
1

19465151
551

4225.4 1087.56

19465151
551

3105.6
2

18249087
167

5479.8 2360.44

18249087
167

3696.2

22081395
472

5431.2
7 2171.09

22081395
472

3745.2
7

26278685
520

5382.4
2 1963.71

26278685
520

3791.6
1

30840957
312

5333.9
3

-1738.3

30840957
312

3835.1
5

35768210
847

5286.3
9 1494.86

35768210
847

3875.9
2

28316070
832

7926.5
4 4563.78

28316070
832

5499.8
8

34262445
707

7883.3
5 4419.96

34262445
707

5537.3
6

40775141
998
47854159
706

7838.2 4262.44
7791.5
6 4091.22

40775141
998
47854159
706

5574.5
6
5611.1
3

55499498
831

7743.8
7

55499498
831

5646.8
2

-3906.3

Kundha
4 h

250
275
300
325
350

5 Deer

250
275
300
325
350

3154.6
5
3118.8
3079.5
3
3036.8
5
2990.7
5
6606.7
5
6390.5
6153.6
6
5896.2
3
5618.2

11745238
826
14211738
979

3919.2
8 509.508
4004.8
7 473.654

11745238
826
14211738
979

2456.2
7

16913143
909

4090.3
9 434.386

16913143
909

2719.9
9

19849453
615

4175.4 391.703

19849453
615

2814.2
6

23020668
098

4259.5
4 345.606

23020668
098

2960.0
4

42439357
519
51351622
598

7384.9
2 3280.09
7342.8
9 3063.85

42439357
519
51351622
598

4986.7
1

61112674
827

7300.3
4 2827.01

61112674
827

5140.0
9

71722514
207
83181140
737

7257.8
1 2569.57
7215.7
7 2291.54

71722514
207
83181140
737

5210.9
2
5277.7
8

8. Earth wire selection

From the earth wire table,
UTS= 5710 kg
Overall diameter= 9.45 mm
Stranding/ Wire =7/3.15mm
Air pressure= 100 kg/m
Tension = 2855 kg

9. Height of tower calculation

We know the maximum sag is given by,
Maximum sag (Dmax) = (W L2)/ (8*T3);

2592.1

5065.3

Where, W= weight of conductor

L= length span
T3= Tension at easiest condition
Sample calculation for conductor Bear;
W= 1219 kg
L=0.25km
T3= 2988.21 kg
Then, Dmax= 3.187m
Minimum ground clearance(hg)=7.32m
Height of lower conductor(H1)= hg+Dmax= 10.507m
Heightof middle conductor(H2)= H1+y/2= 12.397m
Height of topmost top most conductor(H3)=H1+Y =14.287m
Total height of tower(Ht)= H3+d= 21.10m

Table

6:

Height and the force of the tower

SN

Conduct
or

1 Bear

Span
0.25
0.275
0.3
0.325
0.35

Dmax(
Fcw(kg Few(k
m)
H1(m)
H2(m)
H3(m)
)
g)
3.18700
390.83
41 10.507 12.397 14.287
33
157.5
3.85627 11.176 13.066 14.956 429.91
173.2
5
27
27
27
67
5
4.58928 11.909 13.799 15.689
59
29
29
29
469
189
5.38603 12.706 14.596 16.486 508.08
204.7
69
04
04
04
33
5
6.24652 13.566 15.456 17.346 547.16
220.5

2 Goat

0.25
0.275
0.3
0.325
0.35

3 Sheep

0.25
0.275
0.3
0.325
0.35

4 Kundah

0.25
0.275
0.3
0.325
0.35

5 Deer

0.25
0.275
0.3
0.325
0.35

53

53

53

67

3.15357
66
3.81582
77
4.54115
04
5.32954
45
6.18101
02

10.473
58
11.135
83
11.861
15
12.649
54
13.501
01

12.363
58
13.025
83
13.751
15
14.539
54
15.391
01

14.253
58
14.915
83
15.641
15
16.429
54
17.281
01

432.83
33
476.11
67

2.45175
8
2.96662
72
3.53053
16
4.14347
11
4.80544
58

9.7717
58
10.286
63
10.850
53
11.463
47
12.125
45

11.661
76
12.176
63
12.740
53
13.353
47
14.015
45

13.551
76
14.066
63
14.630
53
15.243
47
15.905
45

4.07757
49
4.93386
57
5.87170
79
6.89110
17
7.99204
69

11.397
57
12.253
87
13.191
71
14.211
1
15.312
05

13.287
57
14.143
87
15.081
71
16.101
1
17.202
05

13.287
57
14.143
87
15.081
71
16.101
1
17.202
05

3.09729
51
3.74772
71
4.46010
5
5.23442
87
6.07069
84

10.417
3
11.067
73
11.780
1
12.554
43
13.390
7

12.307
3
12.957
73
13.670
1
14.444
43
15.280
7

12.307
3
12.957
73
13.670
1
14.444
43
15.280
7

10. Bending moment calculation

157.5
173.2
5

519.4
562.68
33
605.96
67

189
204.7
5

465.5

157.5
173.2
5

512.05
558.6

220.5

605.15

189
204.7
5

651.7

220.5

447

157.5
173.2
5

491.7
536.4
581.1

189
204.7
5

625.8

220.5

498.16
67
547.98
33

157.5
173.2
5

597.8
647.61
67
697.43
33

189
204.7
5
220.5

Due to power conductor;

1.Bending moment acting on tower due to power conductor considering wind force
BMpw = Fwc*(H1+H2+H3)
2. Bending moment due to turning of the power conductor
Bmpt=2T1sin(/2) *(H1+H2+H3) [need to calculate for 2, 15, 30 degree]
Due to earth wire;
1.Bending moment acting on tower due to earth wire
Bmwe=Few*Ht
2.Bending moment due to turning of the earth wire
Bmet=2T1sin(/2)*Ht [need to calculate for 2, 15, 30 degree]
Table 7 :Bending moment calculation
Conduct
or

Spa
n

Bear

250
275
300
325
350

Goat

250
275
300
325
350

Sheep

250
275
300
325
350

Kundah

250
275
300

Bmpw
14535.
49
16852.
23
19415.
6
22248.
01
25371.
89
16054.
1
18605.
44
21427.
04
24543.
48
27979.
32
16285.
65
18705.
13
21350.
58
24242.
56
27401.
6
16973.
81
19934.
3
23255.
69

BmptA(
2)
7340.84
1
7737.14
7
8171.19
7
8642.99
9152.52
7
8919.89
6
9397.68
8
9920.98
3
10489.7
8
11104.0
9
11545.7
5
12055.4
9
12613.7
9
13220.6
3
13876.0
2
5965.62
5
6369.20
3
6811.21
6

BmptB(
15)
54903.2
57867.2
3
61113.5
5
64642.1
6
68453.0
5
66713.1
8
70286.6
5
74200.4
5
78454.5
8
83049.0
4
86352.2
9
90164.7
6
94340.3
2
98878.9
8
103780.
7
44615.7
1
47633.9
9
50939.7
1

BmptC(
30)
108867.
1
114744.
5
121181.
6
128178.
4
135735
132275.
3
139360.
6
147120.
7
155555.
6
164665.
2
171214.
7
178773.
9
187053
196052
205770.
9
88465.7
3
94450.4
7
101005.
2

Bmew
3324.3
53
3772.7
4
4254.2
55
4771.9
11
5328.7
19
3319.0
88
3765.7
32
4245.1
57
4760.3
44
5314.2
73
3208.5
52
3618.6
08
4054.1
5
4517.4
96
5010.9
61
3166.9
43
3631.9
9
4139.4
23

BmetA(
2)
2103.3
32
2170.0
26
2243.0
71
2322.4
68
2408.2
17
2100.0
01
2165.9
95
2238.2
74
2316.8
39
2401.6
88
2030.0
64
2081.3
72
2137.5
65
2198.6
45
2264.6
12
2003.7
38
2089.0
69
2182.5
25

BmetB(15
)
15731.12
318
16229.93
307
16776.24
866
17370.06
995
18011.39
695
15706.20
959
16199.78
762
16740.37
309
17327.96
598
17962.56
631
15183.14
175
15566.87
554
15987.15
54
16443.98
134
16937.35
335
14986.24
518
15624.44
163
16323.41
869

BmetC(3
0)
31190.83
31
32179.84
68
33263.05
22
34440.44
94
35712.03
85
31141.43
57
32120.07
6
33191.92
34356.96
79
35615.21
97
30104.32
47
30865.17
16
31698.48
01
32604.25
03
33582.48
2
29713.92
87
30979.31
06
32365.20
51

BMA
27304.
01
30532.
14
34084.
12
37985.
38
42261.
35
30393.
09
33934.
86
37831.
46
42110.
44
46799.
36
33070.
01
36460.
6
40156.
09
44179.
33
48553.
19
28110.
11
32024.
56
36388.
85

BMB
88494.
16
94722.
13
10155
9.6
10903
2.1
11716
5.1
10179
2.6
10885
7.6
11661
3
12508
6.4
13430
5.2
12102
9.6
12805
5.4
13573
2.2
14408
3
15313
0.6
79742.
71
86824.
72
94658.
24

BMC
157

167

178

189

202

182
193

205

219

233
220

231

244

257

271

138

148

160

325
350
Deer

250
275
300
325
350

26970.
77
31112.
36
18393.
25
21301.
86
24515.
97
28063.
36
31971.
81

7291.66
5
7810.55
11746.7
12367.5
13047.4
3
13786.4
8
14584.6
6

54532.9
58413.5
3
87851.1
8
92494.0
5
97579.1
1
103106.
3
109075.
7

108129.
9
115824.
6
174194.
6
183400.
7
193483.
5
204443.
2
216279.
5

4693.0
96
5296.8
61
3166.9
43
3631.9
9
4139.4
23
4693.0
96
5296.8
61

2284.1
09
2393.8
19
2094.3
93
2159.2
09
2230.1
98
2307.3
6
2390.6
95

17083.17
637
17903.71
466
15664.26
277
16149.03
197
16679.96
966
17257.07
585
17880.35
054

33871.61
21
35498.53
17
31058.26
58
32019.44
04
33072.15
53
34216.41
08
35452.20
66

41239.
64
46613.
59
35401.
28
39460.
56
43933.
02
48850.
3
54244.
02

11. Equivalent weight calculation

Weight of tower (Wt) =

0.0016Ht BMF . S .

=0.000631*Ht*

Bm2

where, Ht is in Ft and BM is in klb-ft.

Ht is in m and Bm is in kg-m.

= 12.118 tonnes
Table 8: The table for weight of tower.
Conduct Spa
Avg
cost/tower/s
ro
n
WtA
WtB
WtC
Wt/tpwer
cost/tower
pan L
3.1123 5.6030 7.4849
7.072774 565821.97
Bear
250
2
99
08
748
98 2263.287919
3.3955 5.9807 7.9542
7.590651 607252.10
275
22
23
5
334
68 2208.189479
3.7083 6.4012 8.4772
8.165513 653241.04
300
62
78
64
027
22 2177.470141
4.0534 6.8673 9.0568
8.801253 704100.24
325
14
64
34
046
37 2166.462288
4.4333 7.3817 9.6960
9.501928 760154.30
350
33
22
09
824
6 2171.869446
3.2784 5.9998 8.0400
7.542772 603421.78
Goat
250
61
54
51
256
04 2413.687122
3.5730 6.3995 8.5399
8.088379 647070.39
275
87
57
54
988
91 2352.983269
3.8985 6.8446 9.0969
8.693988 695519.06
300
48
28
11
308
46 2318.396882
4.2574 7.3377 9.7139
9.363625 749090.06
325
91
65
37
827
62 2304.892511
4.6526 7.8818 10.394
10.10149 808119.55
350
41
11
22
443
46 2308.913013
3.3059 6.3243 8.5425
7.864634 629170.77
Sheep
250
02
91
08
704
63 2516.683105
275 3.5589 6.6697 8.9768
8.336047 666883.81 2425.032048

10327
9.9
11272
6.5
12507
5.6
13357
6.9
14291
4.5
15311
9.9
16422
4.8

173

187

226

240
255

271
289

300
325
350
Kundah

250
275
300
325
350

Deer

250
275
300
325
350

72
3.8358
19
4.1383
55
4.4685
4
3.2911
71
3.6496
03
4.0499
92
4.4962
23
4.9923
19
3.5288
3
3.8409
56
4.1860
27
4.5668
4.9861
25

81
7.0521
88
7.4735
1
7.9357
47
5.5432
52
6.0093
25
6.5320
45
7.1153
85
7.7635
26
6.6329
63
7.0668
1
7.5499
59
8.0852
64
8.6757
41

06
9.4583
7
9.9893
26
10.571
93
7.3006
63
7.8721
15
8.5126
82
9.2267
13
10.018
8
8.9321
35
9.4794
55
10.089
19
10.764
56
11.508
97

664
8.855668
185
9.426373
721
10.05115
918
7.114756
205
7.757138
944
8.476141
439
9.277642
724
10.16778
325
8.284075
358
8.872513
952
9.525909
535
10.24850
845
11.04474
652

32
708453.45
48
754109.89
77
804092.73
44
569180.49
64
620571.11
55
678091.31
51
742211.41
79
813422.66
03
662726.02
86
709801.11
62
762072.76
28
819880.67
57
883579.72
14

2361.511516
2320.338147
2297.407813
2276.721986
2256.622238
2260.304384
2283.72744
2324.064744
2650.904115
2581.094968
2540.242543
2522.709771
2524.51349

Hence the most economical span is 325 m.

12. Selection of most economical conductor.

Table 9: Calculation of number of towers and total cost.
Conduct
cost/tower/sp Number of
SN
or
Eco Span
an
Tower
1
2
3
4
5

Bear
Goat
Sheep
Kundah
Deer

325
325
325
325
325

Now,
For conductor cost calculation
Let, cost of steel= Rs 70 per kg
Cost of Al = 300 per kg
Dep. Factor= 0.1
Life time= 25 years
Sample calculation,

2166.46
2304.89
2320.33
2283.72
2522.7

308
308
308
308
308

Total
Cost(RS)
21686264
6
230719489
232265033
228600372
252522270

For Bear:
span length=325m, Al weight per km= 734 kg, Steel weight per km= 485kg
Cost of power conductor
Total Al weight= 100*734=73400kg
Total Steel weight=100*485=48500kg
Total conductor cost= Rs 25415000
Hence, total cost= Conductor cost+ Tower cost=Rs 459140292
n

Annual capital cost (A)=

i(1+i)
( 1+i )n1 *P
= Rs 26691261.2

LF
LLF
Rate=

0.5
0.3
9

Rs/un
it

Peak power loss per km= 49.9kw/km

Cost of energy loss= Pl*LLF*time*rate per kwh
= Rs 11,80,234.8
Total Annual Cost= Rs(26691261.19+1180234.8) =Rs 27871495.99
Table: 10 Conductor cost calculation
Conduct
or

Total Al
weight

Total Steel
Wt

Total cost
of
conductor

Total Tower
Cost

Bear

73400

48500

25415000

216862646

Goat

89600

59600

31052000

230719489

Sheep

103600

69000

35910000

232265033

Kundah

112000

16200

34734000

228600372

Deer

118800

78900

41163000

252522270

Annual
Total Cost Cost(Rs)
24227764 2669126
6
1.2
26177148 2883886
9
0.3
26817503 2954432
3
6.4
26333437 2901104
2
0.1
29368527 3235474
0
0

13. Selection of economical conductor:

Table 11: Selection of economical conductor
Name
Of
Conduct
or
Bear

Annual Cost
Total
Total
Annual Ele Form cond
Annual
R20
R65
R(ohm) Pl(kw)
Cost
and tower
(Rs)
0.11 0.13003 13.003
49.90008
1180236.
27871498.
02
6
6
844
892
26691261.19
08

Goat
Sheep
Kundah
Deer

0.08
99
0.07
77
0.07
43
0.06
78

0.10607
02
0.09168
6
0.08772
12
0.08000
4

10.607
02
9.1686
8.7721
2
8.0004

40.70343
874
35.18363
767
33.66218
307
30.70078
036

962717.7
331
832163.3
982
796177.9
54
726134.8
571

28838860.3
29544326.4
29011040.1
32354740.03

29801578.
03
30376489.
8
29807218.
05
33080874.
89

So, we can easily see from above table that BEAR conductor with a span 325m
will be the most economical conductor for the transmission line as the sum of cost of tower,
conductor cost and energy loss cost is minimum for BEAR conductor.

14. Design Specification:

ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS
PARAMETERS
POWER (P)
LENGTH (L)
NUMBER OF CIRCUITS (Nc)
ACSR Conductor
A-PARAMETER
B-PARAMETER
C-PARAMETER
D-PARAMETER
LINE INDUCTANCE (L)
LINE CAPACITANCE (C)
LIINE IMPEDANCE (Z)
LINE SUSCEPTANCE(Y)
VOLTAGE REGULATION
EFFICIENCY
CORONA INCEPTION VOLTAGE

VALUES
80mw
100 km
1
BEAR Single ckt
1.0054

42.86<72.33
3.14*e-4<90
1.0054
0.13 H
0.88 uf
42.86<72.33

3.14*e-4<90
11.94
94.12%
132.90kv (Phase)

MECHANICAL PARAMETERS
PARAMETERS

VALUES

SPAN LENGTH

325M

T1

5655KG

T2

4429.74KG

T3

2988.21KG

Hg

3.18M

H1

10.507M

H2

12.397M

H3

14.287M

TOWER WEIGHT

7.07 Tone