6 2010 Pq¨ 4 sh≈n hm¿Øm-hn-i-I-e\w

1431 P. BJn¿ 20 1185 FShw 21

kz-XzsØ t]Sn-°p-∂-sX-¥n\v?
kz- Xz-cm-j{v- So-bw I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv {]-Xy-bi
kv-{X-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-Ø-d-bm-b h¿-Kcm-jv-{So-b-
- m- e-\p I-gn-™n-√. A-h≥ A-Ωb
dn-bs - ∏-Sm≥ B-{K-ln-®p. P-ºm-en-bp-sS ]p-{X≥
- p-sS t]-cn¬ A-
sØ in-Yn-eo-Ic - n-°p-sa-∂m-Wv Im-cm-´v ap-X¬ sI kn h¿Kokv ˛ k-Xy-Im-aP - _ - m-en. {_m-la -v W - _m-e∑ - m¿-°p
s]m-Xp Xm-Xv-]-cy-am-Wv Fw F t_-_n h-sc-bp-≈-h¿ C-t∏mƒ ]-d-
bp-∂X - v. kz-Xz-cm-j{v- So-bØ - n-s‚ A-]I - S- w A-
am-{Xw hn-Zy \¬-Im≥ \n-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´ Ku-X-
a-a-l¿-jn {Iq-c-am-b H-cp X-{¥w {]-tbm-Kn-®p.
dn-bm-hp-∂X - psIm-≠v X-s∂ B {- ]-tbm-Ks - Ø B B-Zn-hm-kn _m-e-s\ A-]-I-S-Øn-te-°p
ap≥-\n¿-tØ-≠X - v "kz-Xz-t_m-[-hm-Zw' F-∂ hm-°p-sIm-≠v hy-
h-lc - n-°m-\m-Wv F-\n-°v Xm-X] -v c - yw. A-Xv h¿- kzXzhmZw h¿-K-cm-jv-{So-b-Øn-\v F-Xn-cm-tI-≠-Xn-√. ]-d™ - p-hn-´p. A-t±-lw \m-\q-dv sa-en-™ ]-ip-
°-sf t]m-‰m≥ sIm-Sp-Øp. Xo-‰n-sIm-gp-∏n-®v A-
]-›n-a _w-Km-fn-se an-Uv-\m-∏q¿ Qm¿-{Km-an¬ K-cm-j{v- So-bØ - n-\v H-cp X-cØ
≠-Xn-√. hn-th-I-tØm-sS ssI-Im-cyw sN-øp-
- n-epw F-Xn-cm-tI- hn-th-I-tØm-sS ssI-Im-cyw sN-bvXm¬ c≠pw ]-c-kv-]-c h B-bn-cw F-Æ-am-bn s]-‰p s]-cp-Ip-tºmƒ
Iq-´n-s°m-≠p-h-cn-I. A-∂p \n-\-°p Rm≥ hn-
]m-fw X-I¿-°-s∏-´-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿-∂v 148 t]-cp-sS ]q-c-I-am-Wv. Cu k-Xyw a-\- n-em-°m-sX ta-em-f
a-c-W-Øn-\n-S-bm-°n-b Xo-h-≠n-b-]-I-SsØ-∏-‰n ∂-]-£w c-≠pw ]-c-kv-]-c ]q-c-I-am-Wv. "Rm- Zy D-]-t±-in-®p X-cmw. k-Xy-Im-a≥ B sh-√p-
\m-cv? F-s‚ Cu Po-hn-Xw sIm-≠v Rm-s\- k-aq-lw ]-c-º-cm-K-X kz-Xz-t_m-[-Øn¬ A-`n-am-\w hn-fn G-s‰-Sp-Øp. tZ-h-Iƒ-°p _m-e-\n¬ I-
kn _n sF A-t\z-j-W-Øn-\v D-Ø-c-hn-´n-cn-°- ¥p sN-øW - w?' F-∂p-≈ tNm-Zy-Øn-\p-Øc - w \n-hp-≠m-bn. \m-\q-dv Nm-hm-en ]-ip-°-fp-am-bn
bm-Wv tI-{µ k¿-°m¿. B kw-ÿm-\-sØ ap- tX-Se - m-Wv kz-Xz-t_m-[h - m-Zw. Rm≥ Po-hn-°p- sIm-≈p-I-bpw Io-gm-f-∑m-tcm-Sv kz-Xz-sØ-°p-dn-®v Im-´n¬ A-e™ - p \-S∂ - k-Xy-Im-a\ - v hm-bp-hpw
\n-kn-∏¬ `-c-W-k-an-Xn-I-fn-te-°v \-S-∂ Xn-c- ∂ k-aq-lØ - n¬ F-s‚ kz-Xzw Aw-Ko-Ic - n-°- kq-cy-\pw A-·n-bpw {]m-W-\pw tN¿-∂v Zn-hy-
s™-Sp-∏n¬ `-c-W-I-£n-bm-b kn ]n F-Ωn-s\ s∏-Sp-∂p F-¶n¬ am-{X-ta F-\n-s°-s‚ k-aq- an-≠n-t∏m-I-cp-sX-∂v B-⁄m-]n-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂-Xv ⁄m-\w D-]t- ±-in-®p.
X- d - ] - ‰ n- ® v a- a - X m _m- \ ¿- P n- b p- s S Xr- W - a q¬ l-hp-am-bn Xm-Zm-fly-s∏-Sm-\pw A-Xn-\p-th-≠n
F-s¥-¶n-epw sN-øm-\pw I-gn-bq. h¿-Kc - m-j{v- So-
ip-≤-Im-]-Sy-am-Wv. kn ]n -F-Ωn-s\ ar-Zp-ln-µp-Xz-Øn-s‚ C-tX k-Xy-Im-a-s‚ A-h-ÿ-bn-em-Wv C-
¥y-bn-se ]m¿-iz-h-Xv-Ir-X -P-\-X; A-[o-i-h¿-
tIm¨-{K-kv D-÷z-e hn-P-bw t\-Sn-b ]-›m-Ø- b-Øn-s‚/h¿-K-k-a-cØn-s‚ ]mT-߃ Dƒ- Ip-‰n-bn¬ sIm-≠p-sI-´m-\p-≈ Kq-Vm-tem-N-\-bm-Wv K-ßf - m¬ A-hi - c - m-°s - ∏-´h - ¿. \-thm-∞m-\ A-
e-Øn-em-Wv Xo-cp-am-\w F-∂-Xv {i-t≤-b-am-Wv. s°m-≈p-∂-Xv Cu {]-{In-b-°v ti-jw B-bn- sI C F∂n\pw t]m°¿°p-sa-Xn-cmb ]pXnb \-¥-c Im-e-Øv tZ-io-b {]-ÿm-\-am-bn D-b¿-
sIm¬-°-Ø ap-\n-kn-∏¬ tIm¿-]-td-j-\pƒ-s∏- cn-°pw. Cu k-Xyw a-\  - n-em-°m-sX A-Xm-Xv ∂p h-∂ tIm¨-{K-kv F-√m A-[xIr-X h¿-K-
sS 81 \-K-c-k-`-I-fn-se thm-s´-Sp-∏v ^-e-ß-fpw Im-e-sØ ta-em-f k-aq-lw A-h-cp-sS ]-c-º- \o°-Øn\p ]n-∂n¬ F-∂p kw-i-bn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.-- ]m-c-º-cy-ß-sf-bpw ]p-d-Øp \n-dp-Øn. _-Z-em-
cm-KX- kz-Xz-t_m-[Ø - n¬ A-`n-am-\w sIm-≈p- bn h-f¿-∂p-h-∂ hn-hn-[ {_m≥-Uv tkm-jy-en-
{]-h-W-X-I-fpw ]p-d-Øp-h-cm≥ Xp-S-ßn-b-t∏mƒ I-bpw A-h-cp-sS Io-gm-f-∑m-tcm-Sv kz-Xz-sØ- Ãv {]-ÿm-\ß - f - m-Is - ´ ]m-›m-Xy kw-kvI - m-c-
X-s∂, ko-‰v hn-`-P-\-X¿-°-sØ-s®m-√n h-gn-]n-cn- °p-dn-®v an-≠n-t∏m-I-cp-sX-∂v B-⁄m-]n-°p- lp-Zq-cw ]n-dt- Im-´S- n-∏n®p. I-ayq-Wn-Ãp-Im¿ A-[n- k-a-Xz-ß-sf-bpw A-h-i-X-I-sf-bpw A-`n-ap-Jo-I- Øn-s‚ aq-ib - n¬ sa-\s - ™-Sp-Ø hm¿-∏p cq-]-
bp-I-bpw \-jv-Sw t\-cn-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-X tIm¨- I-bpw sN-øp-∂X - v ip-≤I - m-]S- y-am-Wv. Im-cØ - n¬- h-∂ cm-Py-ßf - n¬-t∏m-epw h¿-Ks - sh- cn-°p-∂p. kv{- Xo hn-tam-N\ - w kv{- Xo-If - p-sS am-{Xw ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. A-h- C-¥y≥ Pm-Xn-hy-hÿ - s - b
sI -C -F-∂pw ]n sI -t]m-°-dpw Zo¿-L- cp-[y-߃ aq¿-—n-°p-Ib - m-Wv sN-bX -v X - .v A-Xp-t]m- hn-tam-N-\-a-√ A-h-sf A-Sn-a-bm-°n sh-®n-cn-°p- A-Xn-s‚ X-\X - p-cq-]Ø - n¬ hm-bn-s®-Sp-Øn-√. C-
{K-kv, a-a-Xm -_m-\¿-Pn-°v t\-sc A-`n-\-µ-\-߃ Im-e-am-bn kn -]n Fw th-Zn-I-fn-epw am-[y-a- se X-s∂ I-´≥ Nm-bb - pw ]-cn-∏p-hS- b - pw I-gn-®pw ∂ ap-gp-h≥ ]p-cp-j∑ - m-cp-sS-bpw Iq-sS hn-tam-N\ - - ¥y≥ tZ-io-bX - b - p-sS {Zm-hn-U ss]-Xr-Iw ]q¿-
sNm-cn-™n-cp-∂p. a-a-X _w-Kmƒ P-\-X-°v B-Z- ß-fn-epw C-Xp kw-_-‘n-® B-i-b-߃ A- ]m¿-´n Hm-^o-kn-se _-©n-ep-d-ßn-bp-ap-≈ sXm- am-bn-cn-°p-∂X - p-t]m-se, Z-fn-Xv B-Zn-hm-kn hn-`m- W-am-bpw Xn-ck - I -v c - n-°s - ∏-´p. {]m-No-\ Im-eØ - v
c-Wo-b-bm-sW-∂pw Xr-W-aq¬ tIm¨-{K-kv bp h-Xc- n-∏n-®p h-cp-∂X - n-s‚ Xp-S¿-®b - m-Wn-t∏m-g- gn-em-fn h¿-K t{]-a-Øn-s‚ {]-k-‡n-bpw \-jv-S- K-ß-fp-sS hn-tam-N-\w A-h-sc A-h-cp-sS C-t∏m- C-¥y-bp-sS kw-kI v- m-cw {Zm-hn-Ua - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-
]n F-bn-se hn-iz-kv-X L-S-I-I-£n-bm-sW-∂p- sØ X¿-°h - n-X¿-°ß - ƒ. s{]m-^. Fw F≥ am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. a-\p-jy-\p ap-ºn¬ ]-cn-lm-cw tX- g-sØ A-h-ÿ-bn-em-°n-b ap-gp-h≥ ta-em-fh¿- ∂pw B-cy-∑m-cp-sS A-{I-am-k-‡-am-b I-S-∂p-
am-bn-cp-∂p tI-{µ-a-{¥n-bpw ]n kn kn A-[y-£- hn-Pb - \ - pw A-t±-ls - Ø tI-{µo-Ic - n-®p cq-]s∏- tS-≠X - m-bn `u-Xn-I {]-i\ -v ß - ƒ am-{X-a√ - B-flo- K-Øn-s‚ tam-N-\w Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Cu t_m-[w Iq- h-ch - n-eq-sS Nn-Xd - n-t∏m-b {Zm-hn-Uc - m-Wv sX-t°-
´ A-[n-\n-th-i-{]-Xn-tcm-[ k-a-Xn-bp-am-Wv C- b {]-iv\ - ß - f - pw B-hn¿-`h - n-®p. ""-DØ - a - mw-Kw a-\p- Sm-sX B-Zn-hm-kn-sb B-Zn-hm-kn-bp-sS h-gn-°pw C-¥y≥ {]-tZ-iß - f - n¬ A-[n-hm-kw D-d∏ - n-®s - X-
\p-am-b {]-Wm-_v Ip-am¿ ap-J¿-Pn ]-d-™-Xv. B Xn-t\m-Sv D-≈ F-Xn¿-∏v {]-I-Sn-∏-®v B-Zyw cw- jy-\p-hb - s - d-∂p \n-\∏ - h - ¿'' F-∂, k-PR -v b - ≥ I- Z-fn-X-sc A-h-cpsS h-gn-°pw kv-{Xo-sb A-h-fp- ∂p-ap-≈ N-cn-{Xk-Xyw C-t∂-sd-°p-sd Aw-Ko-
A-\p-\-b˛{]o-W-\ X-{¥-Øn-s‚ {]-Xn-^-e-\-am- K-Øp-h∂ - X - .v C-hc - p-sS \n-e] - m-Sp-Iƒ tI-he - w Ωyq-Wn-Ãp-Im¿-s°-Xn-sc {]-tbm-Kn-® lm-tkym- sS h-gn-°pw tam-N-\-am¿-Kw tX-Sn ]-d-™p-hn-S-e- I-cn-°s - ∏-´n-´p-≠.v D-Øt- c-¥y≥ k-h¿-W- tZ-io-
bn th-Ww ⁄m-t\-iz-cn s{S-bn≥ Zp-c-¥ A-t\z- bm-{¥nI-am-b ssh-cp-[ym-[n-jvTn-X- a-{¥-hm-Z- ‡n C-∂m-cpw B-h¿-Øn-°p-sa-∂p tXm-∂p-∂n-√. √ kz-Xz-t_m-[h - m-ZØ- n-s‚ cm-j{v- So-bw. kz-Xz-cm- b-X-bp-sS _-Z-em-bn ]p-\¿-Po-h-\-hm-Z-sØ {]-
j-Ww kn _n sF-°v ssI-am-dn-b-Xn-s\ Im- Øn-s‚ (H hn -hn-P-b-t\m-Sv I-S-∏m-Sv) B-h¿- ]u-tem -s{^-b¿ \n-co-£n-°p-∂- -t]m-se C-∂p jv-{So-b-sØ sXm-gn-em-fnh¿-K- cm-jv-{So-b-Øn¬ Xn-jvTn-°m≥ kz-Xz-t_m-[ hy-h-lm-cn-Iƒ-°p
Ø-\w am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. kn ]n F-w Dƒ-t∏m-cn- \-Ωp-sS ap-ºn-ep-≈ tem-Iw D-≈-h-\pw C-√m-Ø- e-bn-∏n-®p tN¿-°p-I-sb-∂ kzm-`m-hn-I {]-{In-b I-gn-bm-sX t]m-bn. a¿-Z-I-\p-am-bn A-Xn-th-Kw
Wm≥. A-Sp-Ø sabn¬ \-S-°p-∂ \n-b-a-k-`m s‚ `m-K-sa-∂ \n-e-bn¬ Cu B-i-b-kw-hm-Z- h-\pw F-∂ \n-eb - n-e√ - a¿-ZI - \ - pw a¿-Zn-X\ - pw F- ]p-tcm-Ka - n-°W - s - a-¶n¬ `n-∂P - \- h- n-`m-Kß - f - p-am- Xm-Zm-fly-s∏-Sm-\p-≈ a¿-Zn-Xs - ‚ am-\k - n-I L-
Xn-cs - ™-Sp-∏n¬ Xr-Wa - q-en-s‚ "X-W¬' C-t∏mƒ- sØ Nn-{Xo-Ic - n-°m-\pw hn-aX - i - _ - vZ- ß - ƒ-°p ∂ \n-e-bn¬ B-Wv hn-L-Sn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. bp-≈ Iq-Sn-t®-c-epw ]-c-kv-]-cw a-\- n-em-°-epw S-\b- m-Imw C-Xn-\p Im-cW - w.---
Ø-s∂ D-d-∏m-°p-I-bm-Wv tIm¨-{K-kv. tem-Iv- h≥- am-[y-a-{i-≤ e-`n-°m-\pw C-S-bm-bn. a¿-Zn-Xs - ‚ hn-tam-N\ - Ø - n-\m-bn sXm-gn-em-fnh¿-Kw Iq-Sn-tb I-gn-bq. kz-Xz-hm-Z-hpw ]-cn-ÿn-Xn hm-Z- ap-ke v- nw-Is - f Xo-{h-hm-Zn-If - m-bn Nn-{Xo-Ic - n-
k-`m Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬ a-a-X-bp-am-bn tN¿-∂v t\- B-[p-\n-tIm-Ø-c Nn-¥-bp-sS-bpw A-Xn- cm-j{-v So-bm-[n-Im-cw ]n-Sn-s®-Sp-°p-∂X - p-hs - c-bpw Xp- hp-sam-s° am¿-Ivk - n-kh - p-am-bn A-bn-Øw ]m-en- °p-∂X - n-s‚-bpw A-h¿-s°-Xn-sc `-cW - I - q-S `o-
s‚ {]-[m-\ L-SI - ß - f - n¬ H-∂m-b L-S\ - m-hm- S¿-∂v `-c-W-Iq-S hn-ap-‡-am-b I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv k-aq- ®v A-I∂ - p \n¬-t°-≠h - b - √ - .--- I-cX - A-gn-®p-hn-´p `o-Xn kr-jS-v n-°p-∂X - n-s‚-bpw
´-ap-≠m-°n-b ]m¿-´n ap-\n-kn-∏¬ `-c-W-k-an-Xn- Zm-\-¥-c Nn-¥-bp-sS-bpw ^-e-am-bn-cp-∂p kz- lw km-£m-XI v- c - n-°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - p-hs - c-bpw Im-Øn- Kp-P-dm-Øn-se Z-en-Xv I-hn b-i-h-¥v h-tK-e- D-Zm-lc - W - ß - ƒ I¨-ap-∂n-ep-≠v. eu Pn-lm-Zn-
I-fp-sS X-e-∏-Øv Np-fp-hn¬ I-b-dn-bn-cn-°m-sa-∂v Xz-t_m-[-Øn-eq-∂n-bp-≈ hn-tam-N-\ Nn-¥- cn-°-W-sa-∂ h¿-K-k-a-c kn-≤m-¥-Øn¬ A-Xp bp-sS I-hn-X Hm¿-a h-cp-∂p. t]-cv "sF-U‚n-‰n'. s‚ t]-cp ]-d™ - v ]-cº - c - I - ƒ {]-kn-≤o-Ic - n-°m-
I-cp-Xn-bn-´p-≠m-I-Ww. A-Xv km-[y-a-s√-∂v t_m- Iƒ. ap-Jy-[m-cm I-£n-I-sfm-∂pw A-Xp-tI-´- ]-db- p-∂h - ¿-°p- t]m-epw hn-izm-ka - p-s≠-∂p tXm- (Cw-•o-jn-ep-≈ Cu I-hn-X ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn- \pw C-√m-Ø] - q-®s - b C-cp-´n¬ X-∏p-∂ X-cØ - n-
[y-s∏-´-t∏m-gm-Wv a-a-X-bp-am-bn ho-≠pw A-Sp-°p- Xm-bn-t´ -\-Sn-®n-√. A-°m-Z-ao-jy-∑m-cp-sS hm- ∂p-∂n-√.--- °p-tºm-gm-Wv C-cn-´n-bn¬ {]-tam-Zv sh-≈-®m¬ ep-≈ N¿-®-Iƒ sIm-gp-∏n-°m-\pw C-hn-Sp-sØ
N-I-a-Sn-I-fn-epw km-am-\y-P-\-Øn-\p Zp¿-{K-l- kz-Xz-hm-Zw a¿-Zn-Xs - c am-{X-a√ - a¿-ZI - s - c-bpw F-∂ Cw-•o-jv A-[ym-]I - s - \ ¢m- v ap-dn-bn¬ I- am-[y-aß - ƒ - a-’c - n-°p-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂n-t√?
∂-Xv. ap-\n-kn-∏¬ tIm¿-]-td-j≥ Xn-c-s™-Sp- am-b ssk-≤m-¥n-I tP¿-We - p-If - n-epw H-Xp-ßp- A-h\ - I - s - ∏-´p In-S° - p-∂ A-am-\h - n-Im-hÿ - b - n¬ b-dn B¿ F-kv -F-kv Kp-≠-Iƒ A-{I-an--®-Xv.) kz-Xz-hm-Z cm-j{v- So-bØ - n-\p tZ-io-bh - pw A-
∏n¬ tIm¨-{K-kpw Xr-W-aq-epw hn-´p-ho-gv-N-I-fn- ∂ H-cp ss[-j-Wn-I I-k¿-Øm-bn G-sd-°m- \n-∂p tam-Nn-∏n-°m-\p-≈ ]-cn-{i-aØ - n-s‚ `m-Ka - m- AXns‚ G-I-tZ-i- hn-h¿-Ø-\w C-ß-s\: Rm- ¥¿-tZ-io-bh - p-sa-∂X - p t]m-se {]m-tZ-inI-hp-am-
eq-sS k-Jy-ap-≠m-°n-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ C-S-Xp-ap-∂- ew C-Xv \n-e\ - n-∂p. H hn hn-Pb - \ - pw A-cp-‘- Wv. A-Xv sh-dp-sX B-bp-[s - a-Sp-Øp-≈ t]m-cm-´- \m-cm-sW-∂h - ¿-°d- n-bmw. A-dn-™p-sIm-≠p-Xs - ∂ b {]-k‡ - n h¿-≤n-®p h-cp-Ib - m-Wv. Pm-Xn, a-X,
Wn- b p- s S tXm¬- h n C- t X- ° mƒ I- \ - Ø - X m- Xn-bpw B-\µ - p-sam-s° c-N\ - I - f - n-eq-sS kz-Xz- tam, hn-tbm-Pn-°p-∂-h-cp-sS ho-Sp-Iƒ C-Sn-®p \n- A-h¿ A-⁄-X A-`n-\-bn-®p tNm-Zn-°p-∂p. \o enw-K hn-th-N-\-ß-fp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ a-
tbs\. Nn-¥-tbm-Sp {]-Xn-I-cn-®p. ]m-›m-Xy Nn-¥-bp- c-Øt- em, A-h¿-°v Ip-Sn-sh-≈ \n-tj-[n-°t- em, B-cm-Wv. Rm≥ ]-d-™p Cu in-c- v iw-_p-I- \p-jy≥ A-`n-ap-Jo-Ic - n-°p-∂ A-]a - m-\h - n-Ic - W - -
sS co-Xn-im-k{v- X-sØ X-s∂ a-dn-IS- ∂ - Zm¿-i- a-\p-jy-sc am-{X-a-√ A-h-cp-sS h-f¿-Øp ar-K-ß- t‚-Xm-W.v Cu ssI-Iƒ G-Ie - h - y-t‚-X.v Cu lr- sØ A-h-K-Wn-®p X-≈p-∂-Xv i-cn-bm-bn-cn-°p-
ap-\n-kn-∏¬ Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n-\v c-≠v Zn-h-kw ap- \n-I\ - m-bn-cp-∂p ansj¬ ^p-t°m. F-√m-‰n-s\- sf t]m-epw sh-´n-\p-dp-°n ]-Ih - o-´p-∂t- Xm H-∂p- Z-bw I-_o-dn-t‚-Xv. Rm-\m-Wv P-ºm-en-k-Xy-Im- I-bn-√. A-h Ir-Xy-am-bn A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn°-s∏-
ºp-≠m-b Xo-h-≠n Zp-c-¥w ]m¿-´n-Iƒ F-Xn-cm- bpw G-sX-¶n-ep-sam-cp k-Øm-k¶ - ¬ - ]- Ø - n-te- a-√. A-Xv am-\h - n-Ia - q-ey-ßf - n¬ Du-∂n-bp-≈ k¿- a≥. Cu ]m-Z-߃-°v C-t∏m-gpw \n-ß-fp-sS hn- tS-≠X - p-≠v F-∂ k-ao-]\ - a - m-Wv kn ]n F - Ω - pw
fn-Iƒ-s°-Xn-sc h-en-b {]-Nm-c-Wm-bp-[-am-°n-bn- °p sh-´n-®p-cp-°p-∂ N-cn-{X-hm-Z-Øn¬( Km-flI - kw-hm-Za - m-Wv. C-cI - f - p-sS am-\n-s^-tÃm ip-≤ ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ {]-th-i-\w \n-tj-[n-°-s∏- t]m-jI - kw-LS- \ - I - f - pw k-ao-]I - m-eØ - p ssI-
cp-∂p. am-thm-bn-Ãp-Iƒ {Sm-°v X-I¿-Øv s{S-bn≥ ) \n-∂p-ap-‡-am-b aq¿-Ø-hpw kv- t]m-se-bp-≈ ]p-kX v- I - ß - f - n-eq-sS-bpw Kp-Pd - m-Øv ´n-cn-°p-∂p. ]-t£ C-∂p Rm-s\m-cp a-\p-jy-\m- s°m-≠p-t]m-∂n-´p-≈X - v. A-hc - p-sS C-Xp-kw-_-
]-jv-S-hp-am-b H-cp Nn-¥m-co-Xn ^p-t°m hn-I- A-\p-`-h-sØ ap≥-\n-dp-Øn-bp-≈ {]-kw-K-]-cy-S- Wv. F-t∂m-Sp tNm-Zn-® A-tX tNm-Zyw Rm≥ \n- ‘-am-b tc-JI - ƒ ]-cn-tim-[n-®m¬ C-Xp hy-‡-
X-≈n-bn-´-Xm-sW-∂pw A-h-tcm-Sv a-a-Xm _m-\¿- kn-∏n-®p. C-Xn-s‚ ]n≥-Xp-S¿-®-bm-Wv kz-Xz- \-ßf - n-eq-sS-bpw ]p I - k - b - p-sS th-Zn-Is - f C-Ø- ß-tfm-Sp tNm-Zn-°p-∂p. \n-ßf - m-cm-Wv? am-Ipw. tNm-ct- X-Sp-∂ sIm-Xp-Ip-Iƒ C-Xn-s‚ t]-
Pn-°v ar-Zp-k-ao-]-\-am-sW-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂p kn ]n t_m-[ hy-hl - m-cw. km-ln-Xy-Øn-epw X-Xz-Nn- cw H-cp kw-hm-Zth-Zn-bm-°p-I F-∂ D-Ø-c-hm-Zn- X-]- n-eq-sS Cu-iz-c km-£m-Xv-Im-cw t\- cn¬ kn ]n Fw hn-cp-≤ {]-Nm-c-W-Øn-\p-≈
Fw B-tcm-]n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. C-Xn¬ H-cp-th-f ]-cp- ¥-bn-epw C-Xn-\v G-sd {]m-[m-\yw e-`n-®n-´p- Ø-am-Wv sI C F≥ \-SØ - n h-∂X - v. C-t∏mƒ D- Sm≥ {i-an-® iw-_p-Is - \-bpw hn-ce - d- p-Øp Kp-cp-Z- B-bp-[-߃-°p aq¿-— Iq-´p-I-bpw \yq-\-]-£
ßn-b a-a-X A-]-I-S-Øn-\p ]n-∂n¬ cm-jv-{So-b ≠v. kz-Xz-t_m-[ hy-hl - m-cw B-[p-\n-IX - b - p- b¿-∂p h-∂n-cn-°p-∂ Cu B-i-b kw-hm-Z-Øn- £n-W \¬-tI-≠n-h-∂ G-I-e-hy-s\-bpw `-‡n- {]o-W\ - Ø - n-eq-sS ]m¿-´n thm-´p-_m-¶p cm-j{v- So-
sS hn-a¿-i\ - h - pw Xp-S¿-®b - p-am-W.v am¿-Ik -v n-s‚ s‚ t]-cn¬ sI C F-∂n-s\ ]m¿-´n ssI-sh-Sn- sb hn-tam-N-t\m-]m-[n-bm-°n-b I-_o-dn-s\-bpw bw I-fn-°p-∂p-sh-∂m-tcm-]n-°p-Ib - pw sN-bX -v p.
Kq-Vm-tem-N-\-bp-s≠-∂pw Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v A-´n-a- h¿-K-hn-i-I-e-\ kn-≤m-¥w A-{]-k-‡-am-bn bp-sa-s∂m-∂pw B-cpw I-cp-tX-≠X - n-√. Iq-Sp-X¬ \-ap-°p ]-cn-Nn-X-am-Wv. F-∂m¬ b-i-h-¥v h-tK- hn F-kn-s\ hn-ip-≤-\m-bn {]-Jym-]n-°m-\pw
dn-°p-I-bm-Wv e-£y-sa-∂pw kn ]n F-Ωn-s‚ t]- F-∂√ - C-Xp-sIm-≠v A¿-Ya - m-°p-∂X - v. tI-h- ^-e{- ]-Za - m-bn X-s‚ tPm-en Xp-S¿-∂p-sIm-≠p t]m- e-bp-sS I-hn-Xb - n¬ ]-db - p-∂ Om-µt- Iym-]\ - n-j- ]n-Wd - m-bn-sb {Iq-in-°m-\p-ap-≈ ap-dh - n-fn-bp-am-
cv ]-d-bm-sX Xn-cn-®-Sn-®p. A-]-I-Sw kn _n sF- ew bm-{¥n-I-am-b h¿-Kk-a-c-kn-≤m-¥-sØ Im≥ ]m¿-´n A-t±-lØ - n-\h - k - c - s- am-cp-°p-sa-∂m- Øn-se k-Xy-Im-a P-_m-e≥ \-ap-°{- X- ]-cn-Nn-X- bn C-d-ßn-Øn-cn-® A-[n-\n-th-i hn-cp-≤ k-a-
sb-s°m-≠v A-t\z-jn-∏n-°W - s- a-∂ B-hi - yw A- B-[p-\n-Ii - m-k{-v X km-t¶-Xn-I hn-Zy-If - p-sS hn- Wv hn-th-Ia - X - n-Iƒ {]-Xo-£n-°p-∂X - v.--- \-√. C-hn-S-sØ Z-fn-X-\pw ap-kv-en-apw F-√mw H- Xn A-Y-hm Fw F≥ hn-P-b≥ ^m≥-kv F-∂
Im-kw A-{]-k‡ - a - m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \-jS-v s - ∏- C-¥y≥ km-lN - c - y-ßf - n¬ kz-Xz{]-Xn-k‘ - n- cn-°e - s- √-¶n¬ a-s‰m-cn-°¬ A-`n-ap-Jo-Ic - n-® tNm- A-kw-Xr-]vX - a - m¿-Ivk - n-Ãp-If - m-Wv Cu hn-a¿-i-
h¿ i-‡a - m-bn D-b¿-Øp-Ib - pw sN-bvX - p. F-∂m¬ Sp-hm≥ H-∂p-an-√m-Ø H-cp sXm-gn-em-fn h¿-Kw bn¬ h-eb - p-∂X - pw hn-tam-N\ - Ø - n-\m-bn {i-an-°p- Zy-ßf - m-Wv k-Xy-Im-a\ - v A-bm-fp-sS Kp-cp-hc - y-\n¬ \w D-∂b - n-®h - ¿-°p Ip-ge - q-Øp \-SØ - n-bX - v. A-
\n-e-hn¬ kn sF Un A-t\z-jn-°p-∂p-s≠-∂pw C-∂v tem-Is - Øm-cn-SØ - pan-s√-∂ bm-Ym¿-∞y- ∂-Xpw C-hn-Sp-sØ B-Zn-hm-knIƒ, Z-fn-X¿, ap-kv- \n-∂p t\-cn-tS-≠n h-∂-Xv. B-cm-Wv \n-s‚ A- h-cn-t∏mƒ sI -C F-∂n-s‚ c-‡-Øn-\m-bn Zm-
A-Xn-\m¬ H-cp k-am-¥-c A-t\z-j-W-Øn-s‚ B- Øn-\p t\-sc I-ÆS- ® - n-´p Im-cy-an-√. kz-Im-cy enwIƒ, ]n-t∂m-° ss{I-kv-X-h¿ Xp-S-ßn-b hn- —≥? G-Xm-Wv \n-s‚ Ip-ew? Ip-e-hpw h¿-K-hp- ln-°p-Ib - m-Wv. h¿-Kc - m-j{v- So-bØ - n-s‚ t]-cp-]-
h-iy-an-s√-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂p am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv ]m¿-´n-bp-sS- k-ºm-Zy-ß-tfm-Sv B¿-Øn s]-cp-Ø sXm-gn- `m-K-ß-fm-Wv. C-Xn-s\ ]p-d-sa-bm-Wv enw-K-]-c-am- sam-s° Xn-cn-®-dn-t™ hn-Zym-`ym-kw \n¿-h-ln- d-™ kn ]n -F-Ωn-s\ `q-cn-]-£-ln-Xm-\p-km-
em-fn-h¿-KØ - n-s‚ k-º∂ - h - ¿-K ]-£] - m-Zn-Xz- b hn-th-N\ - Ø - n-\n-cb - m-°s - ∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ °m-\m-hq. k-h¿-W \o-Xn-t_m-[-Øn-s‚ X-S-hp- cn-bm-b ar-Zp-ln-µp-Xz-Øn-s‚ Ip-‰n-bn¬ sIm-≠p-
bpw kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m-dn-s‚-bpw \n-e-]m-Sv. H-Sp- hpw A-cm-j{-v So-b- Pm-SI - f - pw tem-IØ - m-sI am¿- kv-{Xo-Iƒ. kv-{Xo A-hƒ Z-fn-X-m-I-s´ \-ºq-Xn-cn- Im-c-\m-bn-cp-∂ Ku-X-a a-l¿-jn-bp-sS Cu h-I sI-´m-\p-≈ Kq-Vm-tem-N\ - b - m-Wn-Xn-\p ]n-∂n¬
hn¬ Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬ sX-fn-bn-® I-cp-Øv a-a-X- Iv-kn-kw hn-`m-h-\w sN-bv-X hn-π-h-sØ _- bm-I-s´ k-am-\-am-b tXm-Xn¬ enw-K-]-c-am-b A- tNm-Zy-߃-s°m-∂pw D-Øc - w \¬-Im≥ B _m- F-∂p kw-ib - n-°m-hp-∂X - m-W.v ---
sb tIƒ-°m≥ U¬-ln-bn¬ `-c-W-Øn-en-cn-°p-
∂-hsc \n¿-_-‘n-X-cm-°n. P-\-hn-[n a-dn-®m-bn-
cp-s∂-¶n¬ A-h-c-Xn-\v X-bm-dm-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-s√-
∂p hn-Nm-cn-°m-\m-Wv \ym-bw. Im-c-Ww tI-{µ-
Øn¬ "\-√ Iq-´m-fn-I-fm'bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ X-s∂
_w-Km-fn¬ Xr-W-aq-en-s\ H-Xp-t°-≠-Xv tIm¨-
{K-kn-s‚ B-h-iy-am-Wv.
sd-bn¬-th-a-{¥m-e-bw tI-{µ-K-h¨-sa‚n-\p
Pam-AØv C¥y `cn-°p∂ Imew?-
Io-gn-em-sW-∂pw s{S-bn-\-]-I-S-ap-≠m-b-Xv sd-bn¬- C -¥y≥ P-am-A-sØ C-kv-em-an-bp-sS Aw-K-_-ew hy-‡-am-
°p-∂ ]p-Xn-b I-W-°p-Iƒ e-`y-a-√. G-I-tZ-iw H-Sp-hn-e-tØ- amfn-tb-°¬ kpsse-am≥ kJm^n
bn¬ {]-Xn-\n-[n-I-tfm a-{¥n-am-tcm D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv ap-∂-Wn kw-
hn-[m-\w h-gn-bm-Wv. P-am-AØ - n-s‚ kz-]v\ - ß - ƒ-°v k-]vX - \n-d-
th-bp-sS ÿ-e-Øm-sW-∂pw A-Xn-\m¬ A-t\z-
j-W-Øn-\v kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m-dn-s‚ A-\p-a-Xn Xm-bn kw-L-S-\ X-s∂ {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂ I-W-°v C-ß-s\- ߃ ssI-hc - p-∂X - v C-hn-sS-bm-Wv.
bm-Wv. Aw-Kß - ƒ (]p-cp-j∑ - m¿) 3690, Aw-Kß - ƒ (kv{- Xo-Iƒ) P-am-A-Øv cm-jv-{So-b {]-th-i-sØ tI-c-f-Øn-se kp-∂n-
th-s≠-∂p-am-Wv A-Xn-\p-Ø-c-hn-´-h-cp-sS hn-i-Zo- 181. {]-h¿-Ø-I¿ (]p-cp-j≥-am¿) 12665, {]-h¿-Ø-I¿ (kv-{Xo- aX-cm-jv{S-hm-Z-Øns‚ {]-ÿm-\-߃ F-ß-s\ t\m-°n-°m-Wp-∂p-sh-∂-Xv G-sd {]-
I-c-Ww. F-Xn¿-∏n-\v {]-k-‡n-bn-s√-∂p km-cw. Iƒ)1880, A-\p-`m-hn-Iƒ (]p-cp-j∑ - m¿) 97955, A-\p-`m-hn-Iƒ (kv-
B{I-a-Wm-flI apJw 4 [m-\a - m-Wv. ap-ke v- nw eo-Kn-s‚-tbm a-t‰m P-am-AØ - v hn-tcm-[Ø - n-
tI-{µ G-P≥-kn-Iƒ-°pw sd-bn¬-th kp-c-£m- {Xo-Iƒ)27841. A-ap-kv-enw A-\p-`m-hn-Iƒ (]p-cp-j≥-am¿) 2965, \v ÿm-bo-kz-`m-ha - p-≠m-IW - s - a-∂n-√. cm-j{-v So-b {]-ÿm-\ß - ƒ
tk-\-°p-sam-∏w A-t\z-j-W-Øn¬ _p-≤-tZ-hv A-ap-ke v- nw A-\p-`m-hn-Iƒ(kv{- Xo-Iƒ) 41 (P-am-As - Ø C-ke v- m- Xm-X] v- c- y-߃-°v th-≠n \n-es - Im-≈p-∂h - b- m-Wv. A-h° - v ÿn-
an A-º-Xmw -hm¿-jn-I ]-Xn-∏v 1992 t]-Pv: 247).- sØ C-kv-em-an A-º-Xmw hm¿-jn-I ]-Xn-∏v 1992, t]:248) c-am-b i-{Xp-°-tfm an-{X-ß-tfm C-√. tI-c-f-Øn-se kp-∂n- bp-
k¿-°m¿ k-l-I-cn-t°-≠n-h-cpw. B-{I-a-W-ß- P-am-AØ - p-am-bn C-¥y-bn¬ G-sX-¶n-epw X-cØ - n¬ _-‘- ë 92¬ \n-∂v 2010te-°v F-Øp-tºm-gp-≈ P-am-A-Øn-s‚ h- h-P-\-{]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚ th-Zn-I-fn¬ I-£n-Xzm-XoX cm-jv-{So-b-
fp-sS-bpw kv-t^m-S-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xzw ap-≈-h-sc-sb-√mw Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp-≈ I-W-°m-Wn-Xv. C-Xpsh- f¿-®-bp-sS tXm-Xv a-\- n-em-°m≥ A-h-cp-sS a-Zv-d-k-I-fp-sS I- Øn-s‚ A-es - bm-en-Iƒ ap-gß - p-∂X - v Cu km-lN - c- y-Øn-em-Imw.
G¬-°m-dp-≈ am-thm-bn-Ãp-Iƒ ⁄m-t\-iz-cn s{S- ®v th-Ww C-¥y-bn-se Xm-Kq-Øp-Is - f \n-jvI - m-k\ - w sN-øm≥. W-°p-Iƒ t\m-°n-bm¬ a-Xn. 1992 se P-am-A-Øv a-Zv-d-k-I-fp- ]-t£, A-Xn-\v hy-‡a - m-b cq-]`- m-hß - ƒ ssI-ht- c-≠X - m-bn-´m-
bn≥ Zp-c-¥-Øn¬ X-߃-°v ]-¶n-s√-∂m-Wv hy- kz]v-\w Im-Wm-\m-Ip-∂-Xv X-s∂ H-cp I-cp-Øm-W-t√m. C-¥y- sS I-W° - p-Iƒ am-[y-aw F-Un-‰¿ H. A-_vZ- p-¿d-lva - m≥ hy-‡- Wn-cn-°p-∂X - v. G-Xm-bm-epw t\-Xr-]m-Sh - w sh-fn-s∏-tS-≠ k-µ¿-
bn-se \q-dv tIm-Sn-bn¬ ]-cw h-cp-∂ P-\-kw-Jy-bn¬ P-am-A- am-°p-∂p. ""tN-µa - w-K√ - q¿ (1952), ap-fym-Ip¿-in, F-Sb - q¿, sIm-Sn- `-am-Wn-X.v -
‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv. F-∂m¬ A-´n-a-dn-bn¬ ]-s¶- Øn-s‚ kzm-[o-\a - m-Wn-X.v C-\n- tI-cf- Ø
- n-te-Xv ]-cn-tim-[n-°mw. ™n F-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-se A¬ a-Zv-d-k-Øp¬ C-kv-em-an-b-I-fm- F-kv F≥ U - n] - n cm-jv{- So-bØ - n-te-°v h-cp-∂p. F≥ F-kv
Sp-Øp-sh-∂p kw-i-bn-°p-∂ ap-∂v am-thm-bnÃp- kz-¥w Aw-K-kw-Jy-sb Ip-dn-®p-≈ \-√ -t_m-[yw sIm-≠m-bn- Wv tI-c-f-Øn¬ B-Zy-am-bn \n-e-hn¬-h-∂ P-am-A-Øv a-Zv-d-k- -F-kv A-Xn-s‚ k-Ω¿-[-cm-jv-{So-bw Xp-S-cp-∂p. sF-Iy tI-c-f
Iƒ kn B¿ ]n F-^p-Im-cp-sS ]n-Sn-bn-em-bn-´p- cn-°mw tI-c-f-Øn¬ C-h¿ C-Ø-cw I-W-°p-I-sfm-∂pw {]-kn- Iƒ. ]n-∂o-Sv F¬ ]n, bp ]n sk-°≠ - d- n kvI - q-fp-It- fm-S\- p-_- tIm¨-{K-kv h-gn ]-≈n-ta-[m-hn-Iƒ A-cß - t- Ø-°v h-cp-∂p. F-
≠v. A-t\z-j-W-Øn-sem-Sp-hn-te bm-Ym¿-Yyw A- ≤o-I-cn-°m-dn-√. ]-t£, kw-L-S-\m -bq-\n-‰p-I-fp-sS-bpw ÿm-]- ‘n-®v t_m¿-Unw-Kv ku-I-cy-ß-tfm-sS-bpw A-√m-sX-bpw a-Zv-d- kv -Un ]n sF cm-jv-{So-b-Øn-s‚ ap-J-aq-Sn-b-Wn-bp-∂p. P-\-Io-
\-ß-fp-sS-bpw I-W-°p-Iƒ ]-d-™-Xn¬ \n-∂v G-sd-°p-sd P- k-Iƒ ÿm-]n-°p-I P-am-A-Øn-s‚ H-cp {]-[m-\ ]-cn-]m-Sn-bm- b ap-∂-Wn-Iƒ h-gn `-c-W-Øn-te-dm-\p-≈ {i-a-߃-°v P-am-A-
dn-bm-\m-Iq.- am-AØ - v Aw-Kß - f - p-sS I-W° - pw hy-‡a - m-Ipw. bn hn-I-kn-®p. C-∂v tI-c-f-Øn-em-sI 135 a-Zv-d-k-Iƒ P-am-A- sØ C-kv-em-an Xp-S-°w Ip-dn-°p-∂p. X-t±-i ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬
Xm-c-X-tay-\ Ip-‰-a-‰ G-P≥-kn F-∂ hn-izm- kw-L-S-\m L-S-I-ß-fp-sS Pn-√- Xn-cn-®p-≈ I-W-°v C-{]- Øv {]-h¿-Ø-I¿ \-S-Øn-h-cp-∂p-≠v. 22,000 hn-Zym¿-Yn-Iƒ Cu I-bd - n-∏‰ - m≥ C-h¿-s°m-s° B-Ip-sa-∂X - n¬ k-tµ-la - n-√. ]u-
k-Øn-em-Wv kn _n sF A-t\z-jn-°-Ww F- Im-ca- m-W.v Im-k¿-tIm-Sv {]m-tZ-in-I P-am-AØ - v ˛1, Im¿-Ip≥ l¬- a-Zv-d-k-I-fn¬ ]T-\w \-S-Øp-∂p''. (P-am-A-sØ C-kv-em-an A- c-P-\-ß-fp-am-bn tN¿-∂v \n¬-°p-∂ `-c-W kw-hn-[m-\w F-∂
∂ ap-d-hn-fn \m-\m tIm-Wp-I-fn¬ \n-∂pw D-b-cm- J ˛4, ap-Ø^ - n-Jv l¬-J˛- 4, h-\n-Xm ap-Ø^ - n-Jv l¬-J˛- 1 . I- º-Xmw hm¿-jn-I ]-Xn-∏v 1992 t]: 244) C-Xv {]-Im-cw i-cm-i-cn \n-e-bn¬ X-t±-i kz-bw `-c-W ÿm-]-\-߃-°v G-sd {]m-[m-
Æq¿ {]m-tZ-in-I P-am-AØ - v ˛4, Im¿-Ip≥ l¬-J˛- 20, ap-Ø^ - n- 160 Ip-´n-Is - f-¶n-epw P-am-AØ - v a-Zvd
- k
- I
- f- n¬ D-≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠- \y-ap-≠.v
dp-≈-Xv. F-∂m¬ kn _n sF-sb tI-{µw `-cn- Jv l¬-J˛- 8, h-\n-Xm ap-Ø^ - n-Jv l¬-J˛- 2. tIm-gn-t°m-Sv {]m- Xm-Wv. A-ßs - \ D-s≠-∂v X-s∂ hn-iz-kn-°p-I. tI-he - cm-jv{- So-b ]m¿-´n F-∂ \ - n-eb - n¬ am-{X-a√ - , P-am-A-
°p-∂h - ¿ - cm-jv{- So-b ssh-cn-Iƒ-s°-Xn-sc D-]t- bm- tZ-in-I P-am-AØ - v ˛17, Im¿-°p≥ l - ¬-J ˛82, ap-Ø^ - n-Jv l¬- 1998 ¬ {]-kn-≤o-Ic - n-® a-s‰m-cp I-W° - n¬ \n-∂v h-f¿-®b - p- sØ C-kv-em-an-bp-sS cm-jv-{So-b {]-th-i-sØ Im-tW-≠-Xv. hn-
Kn-°p-∂p-sh-∂ B-t£-]w i-‡-am-Wv. ]-e tI- J ˛25, h-\n-Xm Im¿-Ip≥ l¬-J ˛8, h-\n-X ap-Ø^ - n-Jv l¬-J sS tXm-Xv {K-ln-°m-hp-∂X - m-Wv. A-Xv C-ßs - \-bm-Wv: C-t∏mƒ j-en-]v-X-am-b B-i-b-߃ sIm-≠p-\-S-°p-∂ H-cp hy-Xn-bm-\
kp-I-fn-epw A-Xv tXm-∂n-bn-´p-≈-Xp-am-Wv. C-t∏m- ˛6. h-b\ - m-Sv {]m-tZ-in-I P-am-AØ - v ˛7, Im¿-Ip≥ l¬-J ˛12, ap- a-Pve- n-kn-s‚ ta¬ t\m-´Ø - n¬ {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂ ÿm-]\ - ß - ƒ {]-ÿm-\w Iq-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. A-Øc - w H-cp kw-LØ - n-s‚ A-[n-Im-
ƒ {]-Jym-]n-® A-t\z-j-Ww s{S-bn≥ a-dn-®n-´v \q- Ø-^n-Jv l¬-J˛- 6, h-\n-Xm Im¿-Ip≥ l¬-J˛- 1, h-\n-Xm ap-Ø- Xm-sg-]d - b
- pw hn-[a - s
- {X. ko-\n-b¿ tIm-fP - v ˛7, Pq-\n-b¿ tIm-f- c ]-¶m-fn-Øw D-≠m-°p-∂ {]-Xym-Lm-X-߃ `-bm-\-I-am-bn-cn-
^n-Jv l¬-J 8. a-e-∏p-dw {]m-tZ-in-I P-am-A-Øv ˛87, Im¿-Ip≥ Pv ˛7, h-\n-Xm tIm-f-Pv ˛9, C-kv-em-an-Iv Hm-dn-b‚¬ kv-Iqƒ ˛16, °pw. A-Xv G-sd ]-cp°p-I-tf¬-∏n-°p-I tI-c-f-Øn-se A-lv-
‰-º-tXm-fw a-\p-jy-sc sIm-∂ Zp-jv-S-∑m-sc sh- l¬-J ˛104, ap-Ø^ - n-Jv l¬-J ˛19, h-\n-Xm Im¿-Ip≥ l¬-J {]o-ss{]-a-dn kv-Iqƒ ˛17, kv-Iqƒ ˛28, a-Zv-d-k-Iƒ-˛ 151, A-\m-Y ep- p-∂x-sb B-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂X - n¬ k-tµ-la - n-√.-
fn-®-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cm≥ D-X-Ip-sa-¶n¬ \-√-Xp X- ˛28, h-\n-Xm ap-Ø-^n-Jv l¬-J ˛19. ]m-e-°m-Sv {]m-tZ-in-I P- im-e ˛6, t_m¿-Unw-Kv a-Zv-d-k ˛5, sXm-gn¬ ]-cn-io-e-\ tI-{µw-˛ ap-kv-enw eo-Kn-eq-sS cm-jv-{So-b ap-Jy-[m-c-bn-te-°v ]n-Sn-®v
s∂. F-∂m¬ \n-P-ÿn-Xn I-s≠-Øp-I F-∂- am-AØ - v ˛7, Im¿-Ip≥ l¬-J˛- 36, ap-Ø^ - n-Jv l¬-J- ˛- 5, h-\n- 4, hn-I-emw-K hn-Zym-e-bw ˛1 ({]-t_m-[-\w kv-s]-jy¬ ]-Xn-∏v I-bd - m-\p-ff - P-am-As - Ø C-kve - m-an-bp-sS {i-aw Xm-XvI - m-en-Ia - m-
Xn-ep-]-cn \n-£n-]v-X Xm-Xv-]-cy-ß-fm-Wv A-t\z- Xm Im¿-Ip≥ l¬-J ˛4, h-\n-Xm ap-Ø^ - n-Jv l¬-J ˛2. Xr-iq¿ 1998 G-{]n¬, t]:147) B-dv h¿-jw sIm-≠v kw-ÿm-\ X-e- bn ]-cm-Pb - s - ∏-´X - v sIm-≠v Xn-cs - ™-Sp-∏v cm-jv{- So-bØ - n-se A-
{]m-tZ-in-I P-am-A-Øv ˛7, Im¿-Ip≥ l¬-J ˛39, ap-Ø-^n-Jv Øn¬ 16 a-Zv-d-k-I-fp-sS h¿-[-\-hv. H-cp h¿-j-Øn¬ tI-c-f-Øn- S-hp-\b - ß - ƒ-°v X-S  - s- am-∂p-an-√. H-cp a-Xc - m-j{v- So-b kw-LS- \ - -
j-W-sØ A-\p-Iq-en-°p-∂-h-sc-bpw F-Xn¿-°p- l¬-J˛- 8, h-\n-Xm Im¿-Ip≥ l¬-J ˛8, h-\n-Xm ap-Ø^ - n-Jv l¬- em-sI aq-∂v a-Zd v- k
- I - ƒ t]m-epw D-≠m-Ip-∂n-√. i-cn-bm-Wv, hn-π- bm-bn-´pw P-am-As - Ø C-ke v- m-an-bp-sS ]n-¥p-W X-≈n-°f - b- m≥
∂-h-sc-bpw \-bn-°p-∂-Xv F-∂v Im-Wm-hp-∂-Xm- J ˛2. F-d-Wm-Ip-fw {]m-tZ-in-I P-am-A-Øv ˛3, Im¿-Ip≥ l¬- h hm-bm-Sn-Øw thm-´m-bm¬ P-am-A-Øpw tI-c-fw `-cn-°pw. C- tI-c-f-Øn-Xse C-S-Xp-]-£ ]m¿-´nIƒ t]m-epw X-øm-dm-bn-´n-
Wv. G-Xm-bm-epw kn _n sF A-t\z-j-Ww \-S- J ˛40, ap-Ø^ - n-Jv l¬-J ˛2, h-\n-Xm Im¿-Iq≥ l¬-J ˛2. B- ¥y G-Xm-bm-epw `-cn-°pw.- s√-t∂m¿-°-Ww. C-t∏mƒ tI-c-f cm-jv-{So-b-Øn¬ K-Xn-bn-√m-
°-s´. \m-Sn-s‚-bpw P-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw s]m-Xp \-∑ e-∏p-g {]m-tZ-in-I P-am-A-Øv ˛2, Im¿-Ip≥ l¬-J ˛12 , ap-Øp- tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ {]-tXy-I cm-jv-{So-b ]m-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ ]- sX D-g-dp-∂ Nn-e ]m¿-´n-I-fp-≠v. G-sd-bpw ap-kv-enw thm-´¿-am-
^n-Jv l¬-J ˛9, tIm-´-bw C-Sp-°n {]-tZ-in-I P-am-A-Øv ˛2, t£, ]-e-t∏m-gpw H-∂pw H-∂pw c-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂n-√. Cu sc ap-∂n¬ I-≠v cq-]w-sIm-≠h - . ]n U - n] - n, sF F - ≥F - ¬, F-
ap≥-\n¿-Øn F-√m-h-cpw A-Xn-t\m-Sv ]q¿-W-am-bn Im¿-Ip≥ l¬-J 8 ap-Ø-^n-Jv l¬-J 3 h-\n-Xm ap-Ø-^n-Jv km-l-N-cy-Øn¬ th-Ww P-am-A-Øn-s‚ cm-jv-{So-b A-c-tß-‰- kv -Un ]n sF Xp-S-ßn-b ]m¿-´n-Iƒ \-b-\n-e-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ G-
k-l-I-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv th-≠-Xv. F-∂m¬ H-cp kw- l¬-J ˛8, sIm-√w {]m-tZ-in-I P-am-AØ - v ˛1, Im¿-Ip≥ l¬-J sØ Im-Wm≥. ap-kve - nw-Iƒ- A¬-∏w `o-Xn-tbm-sS X-s∂ A-Xv sd-sbm-∂pw `n-∂-a-√. A-h-bp-sS A-a-c-Øm-Wv P-am-A-sØ C-
`-h-Øn-s‚ A-t\z-j-W-Øn¬ {i-≤-bq∂p∂-Xpw ˛6, ap-Ø^ - n-Jv l¬-J˛- 5, Xn-cp-h\ - ¥-]p-cw {]m-tZ-in-I P-am-A- t\m-°n-°m-WW - s - a-∂v tXm-∂p-∂p. tI-cf - Ø- n¬ ap-∂W - n cm-jv- kv-em-an-bp-sS I-Æv. C-Ø-cw km-[y-X-Iƒ sX-‰m-bn-cn-°-s´ F-
B t]-cn¬ B-tcm-]-W-{]-Xym-tcm-]-W-߃ \- Øv ˛1 Im¿-Iq≥ l¬-J ˛11, ap-Ø-^n-Jv l¬-J ˛6, h-\n-Xm {So-bw h-gn sh-dpw hn-πh - hm-bm-Sn-Øw sIm-≠pw `-cW - ]-¶m-fn- ∂v \-ap-°v B-{K-ln-°mw. ]-s£, A-h -i-cn-bm-bm¬?
Im¿-Ip≥ l¬-J-˛2, h-\n-Xm ap-Ø-^n-Jv l¬-J ˛8. (P-am-A- Øw t\-Smw. G-Xv Cu¿-°nƒ ]m¿-´n-Iƒ-°pw tI-cf - \n-ba - k
- `- - (A-hk - m-\n-®p)
S-Øp-∂X - pw k-am-\a - m-b a-s‰m-∂v B-h¿-Øn-°m≥
]-gp-Xm-Im-sX t\m-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. A-Xn-\m¬ kp-
c-£-°v ap≥-K-W-\ sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw C-S-Xp Xo- [email protected] hmb-\-°m-cpsS Fgp-Øp-Iƒ-
{h-hm-Z-sØ cm-jv-{So-b-am-bn t\-cn-Sm≥ A-`n-{]-m-
b-hy-Xym-k-߃ am-‰n-sh-®v `-c-W ˛ ]m¿-´n t\-
Xr-Xz-߃ ssI-tIm¿-°p-I-bp-am-Wv k¿-hm¬ {]-
[m-\w.
\nba\n¿amWw \S-Øptam? tºmƒ {]-tbm-P\ - w ap-ke -v nw-Iƒ-
°v am-{X-a-√ e-`y-am-Ip-I. A-`y-
kv-X-hn-Zy-cpw {]-hm-kn-I-fp-apƒ-
∂m¬ \n-eh
ÿm-\Ø
- n-ep-≈ t_-¶nw-Kv {]-
- n-\pw A-Xn-s‚ \-SØ
∏p-Im¿-°pw {]m-[m-\yw \-jS-v s
- n-
- ∏-
Sp-tØ°mw. F-∂p-Ic - p-Xn P-\ß
fp-sS h-en-sbm-cp Xm-Xv-]-cyw h-
gn-ap-S-ßn-°q-S-t√m.i-co-A-Øv
- -

C-¥y-bn¬ C-t∏m-g-sØ \n-b- \n-ba

- w sIm-≠p-hc - W
- s
- a-∂pw dn- W-Øn-\v bp ]n F k¿-°m¿ X- s∏-sS e-£° - W - ° - n-\p t]¿-°v Sp-tam F-∂ H-cp-i¶ - b- p-≠m-Ip-I t_-¶nw-Kv ]p-Xn-b H-∂√ - , ]-e cm-
a-ßf - p-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\Ø
- n¬ C- k¿-hv t_-¶v K-h¿-W¿ Un kp- øm-dm-Ip-tam? tI-cf
- k¿-°m¿ X- {]-tbm-P\- {- ]-Za
- m-Ip-∂ Cu-sbm- kzm-`m-hn-Ia- m-Wv. t_-¶nw-Kv kw- Py-Øpw C-Xn-\-Iw \-S-∏n¬ h-
\nkvImc kabw kve
- m-an-Iv t_-¶v A-{]m-tbm-Kn- ∫-dm-hp A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-I-bp- øm-dm-Ip-sa-∂p-th-Ww I-cp-Xm≥. cp kw-cw-`w \-S∏ - n¬ h-cp-Øm≥ hn-[m-\-Øn-s‚ \n-e-\n¬-∏v X- ∂n-´p-≈X - pw h-en-b hn-Pb - w t\-
kp_vln fpl¿ Ak¿ aKvcn_v Cim-Av DZbw I-am-sW-∂pw A-Xv \-S∏ - n-em-°- ≠m-bn. C-kv-em-an-Iv t_-s¶-∂p t]-cp- k¿-°m¿ k-∂≤ - a - m-tI-≠X - t- √? s∂ tNm-Zyw sN-øs - ∏-t´-°m-sa- Sn-bn-´p-≈X - p-am-b H-∂m-Wv.
W-sa-¶n¬ A-Xn-\m-bn ]p-Xn-b C-ßs - \-sbm-cp \n-ba- \
- n¿-am- s≠-¶n-epw A-Xv \-S-∏n-em-°p- C-ß-s\-sbm-cp t_-¶v h- ∂ Nn-¥ A-hc - p-sS D-≈n-ep-Ss- e- F F-kv _m-Ij v- ]p-\e - q¿
4.37 12.26 3.52 6.49 8.06 6.02