CMM Curve and Surface Operations
CMM Curve and Surface Operations
Curves and surfaces cannot be described with standard geometric elements. The package
Curves and Surface s provides the tools to compute and evaluate 2D and 3D curves as well
as free form surfaces.
Example:
Generation of probing points on a scroll using
the formula :
X = sina + k x tan(y)
Y = 1 + cos k
For inspection of free form surfaces this packages provides several features.
Unknown surfaces can be digitized, using a DCC Coordinate Measuring Machine with
either a scanning or a touch trigger probe system.
On the part surface (patch) several probing areas can be defined, within which the CMM
probes in predefined, user-selectable patterns.
CAD-generated surfaces can be compared with the measured part surface. The definition of
the surface must be in VDAFS format.
The following VDAFS data types are currently supported :
CIRCLE, SURF, FACE, CONS, TOP and GROUP .
3D surfaces and standard geometries can be combined.
The probing points on the surface can be created by :
• Manual probing with the CMM
• Clicking on the surface
• Automatic point generation based on the CAD information.
The VDAFS interface (DIN 66 301) can be used to exchange data, in particular data
describing curves and free form surfaces, between different CAD/CAQ/CAM systems.
The file is in a sequential, readable format.
VDAFS elements can be converted into QUINDOS elements for further processing.
The VDAFS interface is part of the option Curves and Surfa c e s.
The measuring errors of a CMM are described in the ISO standard 10 360: “Performance of
coordinate measuring machines”. Usually the volumetric length measuring error E and the
volumetric probing error R have to be specified by the CMM manufacturer.
These errors are valid for clearly defined test procedures. At the inspection of real parts the
errors are different. That is because often probe extensions are used with an increased
measuring error. Furthermore the probing error at a datum measurement can lead to a much
larger error on a feature a certain distance away from that datum.
By repeating the procedure, using R -values of different CMM’s, the operator can analyze
which CMM is capable of inspecting a certain workpiece.
Furthermore the effects on modifications of the measuring strategy (i.e. using shorter
extensions, increase the number of probing points at critical datums etc.) can immediately be
evaluated.
A A
A A
The performance of a CMM can be checked in regular intervals by using a calibrated ball
plate.
The pro gram CMM Test with Ball Plate was developed according to the guidelines specified
by the German working group “Überwachung von Dreikoordinatenmessgeräten mit
Kugelplatte”. It is certified by the PTB (Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt - national
bureau of standards) in Germany.
The evaluations are according to VDI/VDE 2617, page 5.
With the option Automatic Gauge Inspection workshop gauges as well as reference
gauges can be inspected on a high precision CMM.
The certification is in accordance with VDI/VDE/DGQ 2618 and is valid for following types of
gauges:
All results can be transferred via a user defined ASCII interface to an inspection tools
administration system.
This option should only be used in connection with a coordinate measuring machine of the
highest accuracy, for example a Brown & Sharpe PMM-C 700 P.
The patented clamping system for a variety of gauges from Brown & Sharpe GmbH in
Germany is required to use this option. It can be individually adapted to suit other
applications.
011010001
This package supports a digital I/O-interface. The interface (Siemens SPS, Typ AG 95U or
AG115U with communications processor CP 521 SI or CP 524) is connected to the
QUINDOS computer by a serial interface.
Up to 16 in- and output channels are supported, which can be addressed by bit numbers
0 – 15.
• Fixtures
• Door locks
• Light signals
• Automatic transport devices
• Robots
This option is required, if a CMM is to be integrated into any kind of automated part transport
system.
Digital
Input
Interface
QUINDOS
Digital
Output
Interface
Note: The Siemens hardware and it’s programming is not included in this option.
Date o f i s s u r e
18-NOV-94
(3) (4) (5)
I n i t i al Sampl e Inspection Report Dimensional Report Material Report Functional Report
I nspection Result XXX XXX XXX
( Summary see sheet 1) Supplier (6) Report No. ( 7 ) Reference
XXX XXX XXX
Receiver (8) Report No. ( 9 ) Reference
XXX XXX XXX
Sheet 1 total 2 Sheets
Supplier Abnehmer (Besteller)
XXX XXX
(10/12) Drawing No./Part Description ( 1 3 / 1 5 ) Drawing No./Part Description
XXX XXX
(42) (43) (44) (45)
Pos. Specification/Dimension Inspection Result ( S u p p l i e r ) Inspection Result (Reseiver)
The package QUINDOS Step Gear is used to inspect the shape and functionality of step
gears with cylindrical or globoid carriers.
By means of the transmission law, i.e. the relationship between the rotation angle of the
carrier and the movement of the roller axis, the surface points with normal directions are
calculated.
Due to the usually tight tolerances of step gears, only high precision CMM’s with a small
probing error R and scanning capability (i.e. Brown & Sharpe PMM-C) should be used for
such measurements.
Various rotors and housings can be placed on a fixture and measured in one go.
This results in a dramatic increase in throughput compared to conventional testing methods.
Pistons of internal combustion engines are manufactured with either single, double or triple
ovality. The QUINDOS option Ovality of Pistons is used to evaluate those ovalities.
For the inspection of ovality a CMM with continuos scanning capability is required.
Automatic measurement and evaluation of valve guides and seats found in combustion
engines. The valve seats must have at least 2 cone angles.
This option requires a coordinate measuring machine with a measuring (linear) probe system
(not for triggered probe systems such as Renishaw etc.) and continuous scanning capability.
The option CAMSHAFT can be used to measure, calculate and evaluate cams and
camshafts, based on nominal data angle over stroke.
A rotary table is not required. Therefor camshafts can be placed on a fixture and measured
in pallets.
With the QUINDOS option THREAD single start, multiple start, internal and external threads
can be measured.
After entering the thread parameters, the moving path for the CMM a s well as the probing
points are generated automatically.
The program package Blade can be used to measure turbine blades and airfoils.
Additionally, it can also generate the milling path to produce the measured airfoils.
The QUINDOS option GLOBOID Worm provides the measurement and the evaluation of
globoid (double enveloping) worms.
The Globoid Worm package generates automatically the CMM’s moving path and all
required probing points and scan lines, including start and stop points and probe changes.
Due to the usually tight tolerances of globoid worms, only high precision CMM’s with a small
probing error R and scanning capability (i.e. Brown & Sharpe PMM-C) should be used for
such measurements.
Measurement and evaluation of worm wheels (worm gears) for cylindrical worms. The
cylindrical worm can be of generation type ZA, ZI, ZN, ZK and ZC (see DIN 3965).
The geometry of the wheel is considered as a conjugate gear to the worm.
Besides other evaluations, the package can also best-fit the axial position of the wheel in
order to find the optimum mesh position.
Evaluations include:
This package generates automatically the CMM’s moving path and all required probing
points and scan lines, including start and stop points and probe changes.
For the inspection of a worm wheel on a Brown & Sharpe CMM with QUINDOS a rotary
table is not required.
Due to the usually tight tolerances of worm wheels, only high precision CMM’s with a small
probing error R and scanning capability (i.e. Brown & Sharpe PMM-C) should be used for
such measurements.
Cylindrical worms of the type ZA, ZI, ZN, ZK and ZC (see DIN 3965) are inspected with this
QUINDOS option.
The worms might have single or multiple starts, with both left and right hand leads.
The Cylindrical Worm package generates automatically the CMM´s moving path and all
required probing points and scan lines, including start and stop points and probe changes.
Due to the usually tight tolerances of Worms, only high precision CMM´s with a small probing
uncertainty R and scanning capability (i.e. Brown & Sharpe PMM-C) should be used for such
measurements.
Broach shells with ring type spaces as well as helical chip spaces can be inspected.
The gearing may be straight or helical with left hand or right hand lead. Tools for hard
broaching with negative face angles can also be inspected.
Due to the tight tolerances of broaches, only high precision CMM’s with a very small probing
error R (i.e. Brown & Sharpe PMM-C) should be used for such measurements.
The option Shaving Gear provides the tools for the inspection of shaving cutters on high
precision CMM’s.
The travel path of the CMM as well as all probings and scan lines required for the inspection
are generated automatically.
A rotary table is not required for such measurements.
Features of a shaver
cutters, which can be
evaluated, are:
• Helix
• Profile
• Pitch
• Runout
• Corrections
Due to the tight tolerances of Shaving gears, only high precision CMM’s with a very small
probing error R (i.e. Brown & Sharpe PMM-C) should be used for such measurements.
The moving path of the CMM with all probing points as well as scan-lines are generated
automatically.
All measurements are executed using a star-shaped probe cluster. A rotary table is not
required for the inspection of such cutters. Therefore various cutters can be inspected
automatically on pallets.
Due to the tight tolerances of Shaper cutters, only high precision CMM’s with a very small
probing error R (i.e. Brown & Sharpe PMM-C) should be used for such measurements.
Measurement and evaluation of all the features on a hob cutter, as defined in DIN 3968.
Additionally to DIN, the axial pitch and the tooth height for topping hobs can be evaluated.
All measurements can be done on single and multi start hobs. The flutes can be sraight or
helical.
Due to the tight tolerances of hob cutters, only high precision CMM’s with very small probing
error R (i.e. Brown & Sharpe PMM-C) should be used for such measurements.
Das Programm GAGE 4/WIN der Fa. GLEASON berechnet aus den Einstellungsparametern
(Basic Settings) der jeweiligen GLEASON Kegelradfräsmaschine die Sollantastpunkte auf
der Zahnflanke.
Diese Daten werden an QUINDOS übergeben und die Spiralverzahnung wird gemessen.
Aus den Messdaten berechnet die GAGE 4/WIN Software die Korrekturen der Einstell-
parameter mit dem Ziel der Verzahnungsoptimierung.
GAGE 4/WIN ist ein GLEASON Produkt und läuft auf einem separaten Standard -PC.
Damit ist diese Software unabhängig von der jeweiligen Rechnerkonfiguration bzw. dem
Betriebssystem der Messsoftware QUINDOS.
Installation und Training von GAGE 4/WIN wird durch die Fa. GLEASON durchgeführt.
PHOENIX
PMM-C
Zum Betrieb dieses Paketes ist zusätzlich die QUINDOS Option Bogenverzahnte
Kegelräder erforderlich.
This option is required for the inspection of spiral bevel gears and pinions.
Spiral bevel gears from all leading manufacturers (e.g. Gleason, Klingelnberg, Oerlikon, Dr.
Wiener) as well as from other producers can be measured.
QUINDOS in combination with Brown & Sharpe CMM’s, can inspect bevel gears without a
rotary table. Thus enabling the inspection in large numbers on pallets, reducing inspection
costs significantly.
The package also provides interfaces to the GAGE 4/WIN software from GLEASON Works,
USA, and to the “Bevel-Gear-Chain” from University of Aachen, Germany.
Furthermore gear data can be imported/exported in VDAFS – KEGMES format.
Inspection of straight bevel gears according to DIN 3971. Internal straight bevel gears, e.g.
dies, moulds or electrodes can also be inspected.
The package Gear Gauges is used to measure involute and lead master gears.
Typical users of this option are governmental calibration laboratories (PTB, Germany, NIST,
USA, CSIRO, Australia, NPL, UK and others) and the quality assurance departments of
large companies.
The purpose of this option is the calibration of gear gages. Therefore, only measuring
machines of the highest accuracy, such as the PMM-C 700 P, can be used with this option.
The package Unknown Gear can be used to determine the parameters of an unknown spur
or helical gear.
By measuring a single gear tooth, all the parameters, such as normal module, number of
teeth, pressure angle, helix angle, addendum modification factor etc. can be calculated.
Applications :
• Internal and external, spur and helical gears according to DIN, ISO or AGMA standards.
Gear M41-725-QNT-001
The option Gear extends the capability of a high precision CMM, enabling it to measure
parts usually inspected on gear testers.
Helical Gears
The moving path, probing points and scan lines are automatically generated in QUINDOS
according to the nominal gear parameters (No of teeth, module etc.). Pitch and runout can
be measured by self-centering, scanning or single point probing.
The quality class of the gear is determined based on the DIN, ISO or AGMA quality charts.
The individual pitch error as well as the cumulative pitch error, with or without eccentricity,
can also be evaluated.
Gear inspection using QUINDOS does
not require a rotary table.
This means:
- higher accuracy (only 3 axes instead of 4)
- significantly higher throughput and CMM
utilization using pallet measurement
- easy setting up, no centering required
- significantly reduced inspection costs
The GEAR package allows individual definition of tolerance zones as well as modifications of
the profile and the flank. Various evaluation formats can be selected so the results can be
compared with those of conventional gear testers.
Serrated Gears
Included is the inspection of Serrated Gears, both
internal and external, with straight and involute
profile, according to DIN 5481. The gearing can be
evaluated with and without eccentricity.
• Generation of moving path and probing points.
• Evaluation of runout and pitch
• Size over pins
The QUINDOS option Feature Based Inspection allows the CMM operator to select
features (diameters, true positions etc.) in any order out of a Master program by simply
clicking icons on the screen.
With the option Measurement of Part Pallets any number of parts can be mounted on a
fixture and automatically inspected in one set up. The parts can be of the same or of
different type. The order of the measurements can be chosen freely.
The Statistics package allows the operator to analyze statistics on-line. The interactive
graphical user interface provides easy access to th e statistic data.
In case the measuring data shall be computed by other statistical software, the relevant data
can be converted and exported in following formats:
When inspecting gothic and elliptical profiles or homo -kinetic joints (also called Constant-
Velocity Joints), this option can be used to find the center coordinates and contact points
of a nominal circle, which is ‘centered‘ in the measured profile.
Furthermore the maximum clearance between circle and profile is evaluated.
α ϕ
QUINDOS QUINDOS
Offline Programing