F/L: EG 1 RXPRO.

doc

664322 Engineering Geology I

Laa Archwichai

ENGINEERING PROPEH .. TIES OF ROCI(S

1. Basic Physical and Mechanical Properties of

Rocks

1.1 Basic Physical Properties:

... Porosity

... Density

++ Bulk density, dry density, etc.

• •• Specific Gravity (SG)
• •• Permeability (K)
• •• Water Content
• •• Sonic Velocity Index
• •• Slake Durability Index
• •• Swelling Pressure Index I

+ Abrasion Resistance:

(for highway materials , concrete, metal testing)

... Measurement of the resistance of rock to WEAI{.

Abrasion Resistance:

+ Abrasive wear with impact test

--- LAA - Los Angeles Abrasion Test (mainly for highway materials)

--- Sand Blast Test (for building materials)

--- Burbank Test(relative wear of rock sample with mining equipment)

+ Abrasive wear with pressure test + The Dorry Test

+ Bit Wear Test (measure drillability using standard bit wear drilling for

a specified length)

+ Attrition tests

++ Resistance of one surface to the motion of another surface rubbing over it ( see Deval Test)

Hardness: I

+ Indentation Test (Brinell & Rockwell tests, for metal)

+ Dynamic or Rebound Test ( Schmidt

Hammer test)

4

Elastic energy rebound the indenter, the height

of the rebound is taken as a measure of the hardness

of the material (see Schmidt hammer test)

+ Scratch Tests ---- > For mineral tests

11.2 Mechanical Properties of Roeks I

Strength of Rocks:

+ Compressive Strength

- Uniaxial compressive strength

- Confined compressive strength

+ Tensile Strength ( Brazillian tests, Direct ~ 0

-A:i? ~~

pull test

+ Shear Strength

- Direct Shear test

- Triaxial test

+ Flextural Strength

Beam Loading test

Static Mechanical Properties

+U niaxial comp. strength

+ Tensile strength

+ Shear strength

\J

o ,

fll'U1W'Mlfll

,

Deformability Moduli !G)ft! Young's

modulus(E ,Et' Es) , bulk modulus(K), shear modulus(G), Poisson's Ratio (0

COlnpressiol1 'fest

£ ,/ sff{~'(} I:__~ )_;.~I .

A = Elnsrlc limit

c

~

B = Yield point (permanent dcformntlon)

OB = Elastic region

Be = Plastic region

F = Failure

o

Stress train curve for ductile material

Uv, (o(\.c.~j .

F

~. 6 6
bL
#rQ) 1
bq,. CJ

,;fo,;t(") ) t;._ Stress-strain curve

D

Stress-strain curve for

for perfectly elasto-

strain-hardening

6 I

material. F

plastic material.

3 cycles of LOADING

o

Brittle Failure

0 0 7
~ -<2:
E(o-~J(_ - f (t'-;f- f, l- r-':
~
'1fJ-
~F Rock Materials:

Determination of the Uniaxial Compressive Strength of

Cf ~e.ss

-- _-_.

lateral

axial deformation

deformation

o

LID :::2.5-3·c, ( N')l. 4.,( e J.

Ax,'..J. SfrN~

j~

L,J:;_ ,r ~ s rr o...~' '" - jr~v...~.9-- ..

Stress - strain curves

8

The test is intend for STRENGTH CLASSIFICATION and

CHARACTERIZATION OF INTACT ROCK.

Specimen preparation:

... Sample size --- > NX core size

LID = 2.5 - 3.0

End conditions of test specimen

+ Smooth

+ Parallel ) use lapping machine + No cap

... Number of specimen preferred is 5 (' S J-r.e c;,,, ~ ~s) ... Max. load recorded in KN

Cu = Max. Load I Original x-scction area

Cu = uniaxial compressive strength

I Apparatus:

+ Compression Machine

+ Spherical seat

+ Platens

+ Stress-strain measurement devices

I

.0
r Yield
f'aill.lc-e· fZ. "",,- /: .

- _ .. --_ --

p; p~~ R z: It e. s ,. j.. "'- aJ. ~ < ""i tt..

o

'. E I ~~.",

Su nsnlm"l, d1n de.~CIlIl1fU_,{~n

, ..

c

J stre~s

'iJ' "-

I . I Failure

I I

1--'- -1' - - - _j .

:. . ( El asH c deformation

J

I

. StrE"Ss

strdn

·0

Strain

Elastic limit

~VL\

E

TYPICl.L STnr.III BErORE FRACIURE OR fI.ULTIN(; (P[RCENT)

COMPR[ SSIOtl

cpOZ"o;

EXTENSION 0") < OJ - OZ

TYPICAL

b

STR[SS-STRAIN I D

CURVES

4

8BBD

1- 5

5- 10

>10

<I

co

.

I

I

o

brl. tit le [racture

CT, ~.II""\lJ04 ""'Nel,.,,\,. Sl~ts.s

•

c

1.1.2 -:S:1JU 3 UflUtlD\lLLOUtJD-J stress

L6~~J;,..~, t'\eJ slY",;"

~

..

, .

A

l'r 3c:m

--- J,. r [, em ----I

-'

l

B

1------- J, = 8 em -----

. l

In thi~ example,

l

(4.1,)

)

8 em - 5 em

e > =0.6

5cm

III

liil

--,'

I

I

, I I I

I

I

(Al Angubr !>1lt';Jr of shark.

IBl Angular ~J,car of (ollaJ>~ing linr Ilf dominos.

6

(creep

Cr) , (C)

• •

fai lure

.

\

W, R. W/,WH,SIK A),D C. rAlf{HURST

FIJ fir

.1

, .. . .

-

..,

., IJ .. ..

1Il

. Slr.::!ln, u In lin

A~-,j,

(mJMJ7()~~ Yb~~~

~~~

>1a~Q\9

(_{j ~(JSj;t¥~~

~4~~

s, f5A ~'. ~.15tJ'l. )

5· /~'t

r:

300010

.~k", ,J_---.3km

Fig, 3-56. Stercoqraphic cross sections through the East Greenland mobile belt. Note that nanno structures derived frorn scparatolv risinq mushrooms move toward each other in the regiorls between the soparntolv rising corners. (From J. Haller [1956). Meddel. om Gtontnnd, 73.)

mrl(fJ(rK~ Yb6 ~~~yJ ~) ~.MorJ ~,}Jv:(~

F lLac;twUHg

..

'ltl~ 2.20 fl. 'ltl~~tJlJrn"l\3 " tJEl\1f1"l'1 ~fil'l F'cruUirlf1~ fo1,din~~ fracturing iii "l2J'lln III LL., \3 ~1l" 0" ::V1'

Oblique Joint