Classification and
impression techniques of
implants
By
Dr.K.V.Anitha
(PG Student)
Classification
► Based upon
1. Placement within the tissues
2. Materials used
3. Attachment mechanism
4. Surface coating
5. Shape
6. Surgical stage
7. Mode of insertion
8. Tissue response & systemic toxicity effects of implants
Based upon the placement within
the tissue
► Subperiosteal implants
Subdivision of subperiosteal implant
o Unilateral
o Interdental
o Total
o circumferential
Unilateral subperiosteal implant
Interdental subperiosteal
implant
Total subperiosteal implant
Circumferential
subperiosteal implant
Transosteal implant
Also known as
o Staple bone
o Mandibular staple
o Transmandibular
Transosteal implant
Endosteal implant
Root form
Blade/plate form
Ramus frame
Intramucosal inserts
Endodontic stabilizer implant
Based upon materials used
1.Metallic implants-commercially pure titanium
Titanium alloy
Cobalt chromium molybdenum
alloy
2.Nonmetallic implants-Ceramics
Carbon
Ceramic and titanium alloy implants
Based upon the attachment
mechanism
1.Osseointegration
2.Fibro osseous
integration
Based upon their surface coating
o Titanium plasma sprayed
o Hydroxyapatite coating
o Grid blasting with TiO
o SLA(sandblasted-largegrid-acidetched)
o Acid etched
o Machined surface
Based upon the shape
Contd….
o Threaded,nonthreaded
o Tapered,parallel
o With vent holes,without vent holes
o Hollow cylinder,solid screws
o Root form,blade form
Based upon the surgical stage
Two stage implants One stage implant
Based upon mode of insertion
1.Axially inserted (crestal
approach)
2.Laterally inserted(basal
approach)
Based upon tissue response
&systemic toxicity effects of implants
o Biotolerant materials-polmethylmethacrylate
o Bioinert materials-titanium and aluminium
oxide
o Bioactive materials-glass and calcium
phosphate ceramic
Components of implant
Implant body
Cover screw Healing abutment
Healing cap Implant abutment
Impression posts
Laboratory analogs
IMPRESSION MATERIALS
Ideal Requirements
•Complete plasticity before
cure
•Fluidity to record fine detail
•Ability to wet oral tissues
•Dimensional accuracy
•Dimensional stability
•Complete elasticity after cure
•Optimal stiffness
Materials Used
o Alginate
o Agar
o Polysulphide
o Polyether
o Condensation Silicone
o Addition Silicone
ALGINATE
o Poor dimensional stability
o Poor dimensional accuracy
o Poor tear strength
o Poor stiffness
o Interferes with setting of gypsum
AGAR
o Interferes with setting of gypsum
o Dimensional instability
o Elaborate equipment needed
o Low tear resistance
Polysulphide
o Base-polusulfide polymer, Catalyst- lead dioxide
o High tear strength
o Messy,unpleasant odour
o Long setting time
o Poor dimensional stability
o Hydrophobic
Condensation silicone
o Cheaper
o Good tear strength, accuracy & elastic
properties
o Dimensional instability,due to loss of
ethyl alcohol
o Poured quickly
Addition silicone
o Shorter setting time
o Easy to mix- automatic mixing devices
o Adequate tear strength
o Extremely high accuracy
o Dimensional stability even after 1 week
o Least distortion on removal
o Hydrophilic
o Good compatibility with gypsum
Polyether
o Good dimensional stability & accuracy
o Short setting time
o Material very rigid
o Not available in all consistencies
o Most expensive
Dispensed as :
Manual mixing
Automixing system
Manual mixing
o Putty
o Heavy body
o Monophase
o Light body
Automixing equipment & materials
Two basic impression techniques for implants are
1. indirect technique or closed tray technique
2.direct or pick-up or open tray technique.
Indirect impression technique
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Direct impression technique
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Indirect method
Direct method
Related articles
Tautin(1985)presented a technique to accurately,
transfer and reproduce the relationship between
implant dentures , in which no preliminary impression
or acrylic resin custom tray were needed. He used
modeling compound to form a custom tray by adapting
it over transfer copings,pressing the compound over
the superior aspect of the coping so that its circular
outline is seen through the compound.After trimming
the outline of the coping showing through the top of
the tray an impression plaster is used to record and
transfer the coping to the impressions
Loos(1986)presented a detail technique for the
fabrication of a fixed prosthesis supported by
implants.His technique incorporated plugging the
incisal end of the transfer coping with beading
wax(to prevent impression material from flowing
into it)splinting the transfer copings with
orthodontic ligature wire and Duralay acrylic
resin,use of a plastic perforated impression tray
with incisal window to access the transfer coping
and making the final impression with putty light
body addition silicone.
Rasmussen(1987)presented a technique in which
the existing denture is modified using tissue
conditioning material is used instead of healing
caps after second stage surgery ,eliminating the
use of impression copings at the final impression.
Humphries et al (1990) evaluated the accuracy
of implant master casts constructed from transfer
impressions using three techniques.The
techniques used were splinted square polymer
copings,unsplinted square polymer copings and
unsplinted hydrocolloid copings.Tapered
hydrocolloid copings were more accurate than the
other two methods.
Carr (1991) compared impression techniques for
five implant mandibular model by both indirect and
direct transfer coping techniques and found that for
the models used ,the direct method produced more
accurate working casts.
Vigolo et al(2000)evaluated the accuracy in
transferring the position of the hexagonal head of a
single implant to the working cast, and concluded
that the sandblasting and coating the roughened
surface of the impression coping with an
impression adhesive will result in more accurate
orientation of the implant replicas in the laboratory
master casts in single tooth implant restorations.
Conclusion
Success with implant prosthodontics requires a
careful attention to each and every step from
diagnosis and treatment planning. Several
implant systems are available , selection of
appropriate one is mandatory. The prosthesis fit
can be accurate only if a proper impression is
made. Thus usage of correct impression
technique and material are important.
References
1. contemporary implant dentistry , Carl E. Misch
2. Implants in dentistry , Michael,John and Luis.
3. Implant prosthodontics Stevens & freidrickson
4. Dental implants- Fundamental & advanced laboratory
technology , Robert Winkleman &Kenneth orth.
References contd…
5. Philip’s science of dental materials
6. Contemporary fixed prosthodontics, Rosentiel
7. Principles & practice of implant dentistry, Weiss
8. Theory & practice of ossteointegration, Hobo
9. Carr AB. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1991;6(4):448-55
10. Assif etal. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999;14(6):885-
88
11. Loos Larry G. J Prosthet Dent 1986;55:232-42
12. Rasmussen Eric J. J Prosthet Dent. 1987;57:198-203
13. Tautin Francis S. J Prosthet Dent. 1985;54:250-51
Thank you
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