Cricket
p.karthikeyan
ORIGIN
During Saxon or norman times in the Weald.
South-east England that lies across Kent and
Sussex.
It is believed that cricket survived as a
children's game for many centuries.
Adult participation is unknown before the
early 17th century.
Derivation of the name of "cricket"
In the earliest known reference to the sport in
1598 ,it is called creckett .
The name have been derived from the Middle
Dutch krick (stick); or the Old English cricc or
cryce (crutch or staff).
First definite reference
The first definite reference to the game is
found in a 1598.
A 59-year old coroner, John Derrick, testified
that he and his school friends had played
creckett on the site fifty years earlier.
The first reference to it being played as an
adult sport was in 1611
John Derrick played creckett at The Royal
Grammar School in Guildford
Early seventeenth century
The village cricket had developed by the
middle of the 17th century
There is little evidence of the rampant
gambling that characterised the game
throughout the 18th century.
The Commonwealth
Cricket's popularity may have waned during
the Commonwealth.
It did flourish in public fee-paying schools
such as Winchester and St Paul's.
Gambling and press coverage
Cricket had certainly become a significant
gambling sport by the end of the 17th
century.
With freedom of the press having been
granted in 1696, cricket for the first time
could be reported in the newspapers .
Eighteenth century cricket
Some of the gamblers decided to strengthen
their bets by forming their own teams
It is believed the first "county teams" were
formed in the aftermath of the Restoration in
1660.
The first known game in which the teams use
county names is in 1709
The match in 1697 was probably Sussex
versus another county
Cricket moves out of England
Cricket was introduced to North America via the
English colonies in the 17th century
It was introduced to North America via the English
colonies in the 17th century
In the 18th century it arrived in other parts of the
globe.
It was introduced to the West Indies by colonists
India by British East India Company mariners
It arrived in Australia almost as soon as colonization
began in 1788
New Zealand and South Africa followed in the early
years of the 19th century
Development of the Laws
The basic rules of cricket such as bat and
ball, the wicket, pitch dimensions, overs, how
out, etc. have existed since time immemorial.
In 1728, the Duke of Richmond and Alan
Brodick drew up "Articles of Agreement”
In 1744, the Laws of Cricket were codified
for the first time and then amended in 1774,
when innovations such as lbw, middle stump
and maximum bat width were added
Continued growth in England
The game continued to spread throughout
England , in 1751,
Yorkshire is first mentioned as a venue.
The first famous clubs were London and
Dartford in the early 18th century
Cricket and crisis
Cricket faced its first real crisis during the 18th century
This was largely due to shortage of players and lack of
investment.
Cricket faced another major crisis at the
beginning of the 19th century.
Again, the causes were shortage of players and lack of
investment
In the 1760s, the game survived and a slow recovery began
in 1815.
Nineteenth century cricket
The game also underwent a fundamental
change of organisation with the formation for
the first time of county clubs.
All the modern county clubs, starting with
Sussex in 1839, were founded during the
19th century
International cricket begins
The first ever international cricket game was
between the USA and Canada in 1844
In 1859, a team of leading English professionals
set off to North America on the first-ever overseas
tour .
The Oval in 1882, arguably the most famous match
of all time gave rise to The Ashes.
South Africa became the third Test nation in 1889.
Twentieth century cricket
When the Imperial Cricket Conference was founded in
1909, only England, Australia and South Africa were
members.
India, West Indies and New Zealand became Test
nations before the Second World War and Pakistan
soon afterwards.
The international game grew with several "affiliate
nations" getting involved and, in the closing years of
the 20th century, three of those became Test nations
also: Sri Lanka, Zimbabe and Bangladesh.
Suspension of South Africa (1970-
1991)
The greatest crisis to hit international cricket was
brought about by apartheid, the South African
policy of racial segregation.
The situation began to crystallise after 1961
when South Africa left the Commonwealth of
Nations .
So that, under the rules of the day, its cricket
board had to leave the International Cricket
Conference (ICC).
INTRODUCTION AND CHANGES OF METHODS IN
CRICKET
World Series Cricket in 1977
Limited overs cricketin 1971
Increasing use of technology In 1992,
In 1889 the immemorial four ball over was replaced by a five ball over
This was changed to the current six balls an over in 1900.
The 1947 Laws of Cricket allowed six or eight balls depending on the
conditions of play.
Since the 1979/80, the six ball over has been used worldwide and
The most recent version of the Laws in 2000 only permits six ball overs.
21st century cricket
Cricket remains a major world sport in terms of participants,
spectators and media interest.
In 2004, the ICC Intercontinental Cup
In June 2001, the ICC introduced a "Test Championship Table“
In October 2002, a "One-day International Championship
The inaugural ICC Twenty20 World Cup tournament was held in 2007 .
\
The formation of Twenty20 leagues in India - the unofficial Indian
Cricket League, which started in 2007, and the official Indian Premier
League, starting in 2008
Characteristics of the game
Highest governing body : International Cricket Council
Characteristics
Team members : 11 players per side substitute fielders
(only) are permitted in cases of injury or
illness
Mixed gender : separate competitions
Categorization : bat-and-ball
Equipment : cricket ball, cricket bat,
wicket: stumps, bails
Venue : cricket field
`Olympic : 1900 Summer Olympics only
SOURCE
GOOGLE
WIKIPEDIA
