F. Sigernes and J.
Holmes, Transmitting GPS position by an Iridium phone
Transmitting GPS position by an Iridium phone
F. SIGERNES AND JEFF HOLMES
University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Box 156, N9170 Longyearbyen, Norway
Abstract
This document describes how to send GPS information using an Iridium portable phone.
The core component in the system is a Basic Stamp II microcontroller from the company
Parallax, Inc. Position is extracted from the NMEA sentences of the GPS by the
controller and translated to a PDU formatted SMS. The message is submitted to the
iridium phone by using standard AT – commands. The SMS message contains an email
address which is gated by the Iridium satellite network to the addressee via internet.
1. Motivation
The rather harsh environment of the arctic
requires us to keep track of our students out
in the field. If an emergency situation
occurs, the exact location of our students is
reported automatically to the logistical
department at UNIS. Fig. 1 shows a typical
experiment where one of our students is out
in the field to sample snow temperatures. It
illustrates that it is important to act quickly
and respond with accurate information to
any deployed rescue team. Figure 1. Snow temperature recording.
This is the main motivation for this project.
2. System layout
The system contains an Iridium 9505A portable phone with an AT Command
compatible modem connected to a Stamp II (BS2IC) microcontroller from Parallax, Inc.
The Stamp II chip itself is mounted onto a Basic Stamp 2 program board which provides
easy access to the programming port and the connected components. A RS232 Serial
LCD screen is connected to the Stamp to provide status information. The whole system is
designed to run on a +9 Volt battery. The GPS (GarmineTrex) is setup to transmit the
NMEA protocol at a RS232 serial speed of 4800 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit and no
parity. Correspondingly, the Stamp communicates with the Iridium modem but at a
higher speed (19200 baud). A push button is connected to send the SMS and a switch is
included to optionally provide continuous transmissions at a pre selected interval (~15
minutes). Fig. 2 shows how the system is connected together.
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F. Sigernes and J. Holmes, Transmitting GPS position by an Iridium phone
Figure 2. The modules of the system connected together. The units are ready for operation.
Figure 3. The internal layout of the system. (1) Serial program port to PC, (2) Basic Stamp II prototype
board, (3) Basic Stamp II, (4) battery compartment, (5) serial port to Iridium, (6) serial port to GPS, (7)
status LCD, (8) send button, (9) activity LED, (10) power switch, and (11) interval switch.
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F. Sigernes and J. Holmes, Transmitting GPS position by an Iridium phone
The internal layout and wiring of the black box that contains the Stamp II module is
shown in Fig. 3. Each of the key parts is labelled with numbers. The corresponding
schematic is shown in Fig. 4.
Figure 4. Schematics of the black box connecting the GPS and the Iridium phone to the Basic Stamp II
microcontroller. A battery compartment is added to the unit and a serial LCD screen is used to get status
information.
3. Programming the Basic Stamp II
The program requires the Basic Stamp II to communicate with three different devices
using standard serial RS232 ports.
3.1 Interfacing the GPS and the LCD with the BS2IC
The procedure is to first extract position data from the NMEA sentences that the GPS
transmits. This is done by the SERIN command using the WAIT command to pick out
the right NMEA sentences. We use the sentences starting with $GPGSA, $GPRMC and
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F. Sigernes and J. Holmes, Transmitting GPS position by an Iridium phone
$PGRMZ (GARMIN) for validation, position and altitude, respectively. Below is an
example on how to extract altitude.
$PGRMZ, 707, f, 3*1B NMEA sentence
SERIN 0, 16572, [ WAIT ( "$PGRMZ" ),SKIP 1, DEC3 ALTITUDE] BS2IC command
The Stamp waits for the $PGRMZ condition to occur, then it skips the comma and reads
the altitude as a 3 digit decimal text (707 feet).
Next, the status of the process is displayed on the serial LCD connected to pin 15 of the
Stamp. The communication with the LCD is straight forward. For example,
SEROUT 15, 32, 25, [12, "STATUS…" ] .
3.2 Communication with the Iridium modem
The last step in the procedure involves interfacing with the Iridium modem. The Stamp
needs to emulate a hyper terminal in order to communicate with the modem. This is done
by setting the DTR (Data Terminal Ready) high (Iridium RS232 pin 4). In addition, the
DCD (Data Carrier Detect) line can be used to signal to the Stamp that the modem is on
line and ready to talk. DCD is pin 1 on the Iridium RS232 port and is connected to pin 2
on the Stamp. The Stamp is now ready to send and receive AT commands through ports
1 and 3, respectively (see Fig. 4).
The Iridium modem needs to be in initialized by sending the following AT commands
SEROUT 1, 16416, 25, [ "AT" , CR] Check communication with modem
SERIN 3, 16416, [ WAIT ( "OK" )] Wait for response
SEROUT 1, 16416, 25, [ "AT &F &C1" , CR] Bring up factory defaults and enable DCD
SERIN 3, 16416, [ WAIT ( "OK" )] Wait for handshake
The text format of the SMS message we want to send contains an email address and the
extracted GPS information. Below is a typical example.
[email protected] Email address
STRK 001 Track unit identifier
2316UT Universal time
N 79 50 8459 Latitude
E 014 04 2661 Longitude
013 355 00062 Speed, course and altitude
This message needs to be transformed to the PDU (Protocol Description Unit) format,
since the Iridium phone does not support text mode. The PDU string contains not only the
message, but also a header which includes key parameters about where and how the
message will be sent to the SMSC (Short Message Service Center). Each character in the
string is all of hexadecimal octets or decimalsemi octets. The user data or the actual
message consists of hexadecimal 8bit octets, but these octets represent 7 bit data.
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F. Sigernes and J. Holmes, Transmitting GPS position by an Iridium phone
As seen above, our messages all have an email address and a unit identifier string in the
first line “[email protected] STRK 001”. If we for simplicity send only the
username of the email, the message will in PDU mode look like
00110002912a0000AA08546970B83C42A7.
There are 32 characters in this message, or 16 octets. The first octet 00 does not count.
The blue part of the string represents the header and the red part is the user message,
respectively. The below table below shows the content of the PDU string.
Octet(s) Description Example
00 Length of SMSC information 00 Information is set by phone
11 First SMSSUBMIT octet PDU Format indicator (layout)
00 Message Reference 00 Reference number is set by phone
02 Length of phone number 2
91 Format of phone number International
2a Phone number *2 – Uses number stored in phone
00 Protocol identifier Type 0
00 Data coding scheme 7bit
AA Validity period AA Means 4 days
08 Length of message 8
54 69 70 B8 3C 42 A7 Users data TRACKGPS
Table 1. Simple PDU SUBMIT message for the Iridium phone.
The message contains 8 characters. These are called septets in the 7bit alphabet. The
transformation by the BS2IC to octets is done by shifting bits of 8 septets sequentially. A
simple BS2IC program below demonstrates the process.
'{$STAMP BS2}
'{$PORT COM1}
'Stamp II program to Convert ASCII to PDU format
'F. Sigernes University Centre on Svalbard (UNIS)
’Variables
PDU VAR BYTE(7)
CH VAR BYTE(8)
‘Assign ASCII string to convert: TRACKGPS
CH(0)=”T”:CH(1)=”R”
CH(2)=”A”:CH(3)=”C”
CH(4)=”K”:CH(5)=”G”
CH(6)=”P”:CH(7)=”S”
‘PDU shift routine
PDU(0)=(CH(1) << 7)+(CH(0) >> 0)
PDU(1)=(CH(2) << 6)+(CH(1) >> 1)
PDU(2)=(CH(3) << 5)+(CH(2) >> 2)
PDU(3)=(CH(4) << 4)+(CH(3) >> 3)
PDU(4)=(CH(5) << 3)+(CH(4) >> 4)
PDU(5)=(CH(6) << 2)+(CH(5) >> 5)
PDU(6)=(CH(7) << 1)+(CH(6) >> 6)
‘PDU output: 54 69 70 B8 3C 42 A7
DEBUG HEX2 PDU(0),HEX2 PDU(1),HEX2 PDU(2),HEX2 PDU(3),HEX2 PDU(4),HEX2
PDU(5),HEX2 PDU(6)
‘END
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F. Sigernes and J. Holmes, Transmitting GPS position by an Iridium phone
In this way, the trick is to make sure that we write messages that have blocks of 8 septets.
The next block in the procedure would then be the string “@unis.no”, and so on.
The BS2IC sends the SMS message in PDU mode by the following ATcommands
SEROUT 1, 16416,25, [ "AT+CMGF=0" , CR] Set phone to PDU mode
SERIN 3, 16416,[ WAIT ( "OK" )] Wait for OK
SEROUT 1,16416,25, [ "AT+CMGS=16" , CR] Send SMS message of 16 octets
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ “00110002912a0000AA08”] Send the header
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[“546970B83C42A7”] Transfer the user data
PAUSE 2500 Wait a second
SEROUT 1,16416,25, [26] Terminate session with <ctrlZ>
A complete listing of the main program is given in the section 6.
4. Test of the assembled system
A field trip around the archipelago of
Svalbard was conducted by ship in July
2005. Fig. 5 shows the system in
operation. The location is 79 o 50’ 50.8’’
North and 14 o 4’ 16’’ East. The main
limitation is the start up time of the GPS,
which in can take up to 2 minutes. As
soon as both the Iridium phone and the
GPS are ready, the system takes about 5
10 seconds to send the SMS. A total of 18
messages were sent. All were received by
the Iridium Short Message Service Center
(SMSC), and ported successfully to the Figure 5. H. F. Flå and F. Sigernes out in the field
testing the GPSSMSIridium system, 08.07.2005
UNIS mail server.
The receiver or the home base uses a simple mail client to read each mail and plot the
position on a map. The program checks the mail account on the POP3 server for any new
messages automatically. The identifier string in the message sorts out which unit that is
tracked by the program. That way, several units can be deployed out to different groups
in the field.
Fig.6 shows a snapshot of the mail client. Note that the position on the map marked with
yellow colour corresponds to the Status box in the main program module. This is the
same location as seen in Fig. 5. The mail client has also been tested using a laptop and the
iridium data kit to connect to the internet. In other words, the home base does not
necessarily have to be located at a fixed position; it may be mobile as well.
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F. Sigernes and J. Holmes, Transmitting GPS position by an Iridium phone
Figure 6. A snapshot of the mail client: IridiumSms2Map.exe. The program is written in Borland Delphi 5
Pascal and is win9x, NT and XP compatible.
5. Final remark
The Basic Stamp II (BS2IC) is indeed capable of retrieving position from NMEA
sentences transmitted by a GPS. Furthermore, it easily transforms the information to a
SMS PDU formatted message. The Stamp also communicates reliably with the Iridium
modem in order to send the SMS message. The BS2IC is the key element for our
tracking system.
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F. Sigernes and J. Holmes, Transmitting GPS position by an Iridium phone
6. Basic Stamp II program listing: IridiumSMSGPS.bs2
'{$STAMP BS2}
'{$PORT COM1}
'Stamp II program to read GPS and send SMS by Iridium
'F. Sigernes University Centre on Svalbard (UNIS)
'GPS variables
LATDEG VAR Word
LATDEC VAR Word
LONDEG VAR Word
LONDEC VAR Word
SPD VAR Word
CRS VAR Word
ALT VAR Word
TMP VAR Byte
DIRLAT VAR Byte
DIRLON VAR Byte
T VAR Byte(4)
‘Iridium and main loop variables
C VAR Byte
D VAR Byte
PDU VAR Byte
SAT VAR Byte
‘Initialization of loop variables and Iridium modem
‘P2 Checks Data Carrier Detect (DCD) on Iridium RS232 pin 1
‘Iridium RS232 pin 2 and 3 is connected to P3 and P1, respectively
INPUT 2
‘P4 is set high to signal Data Terminal Ready (DTR) to Iridium RS232 pin 4
OUTPUT 4
OUT4 = 1
D=0
C=1
PAUSE 3000
‘Show startup message on LCD (P15)
SEROUT 15,32,5,[22]
SEROUT 15,32,5,[12, "SMS GPSIRIDIUM" ]
SEROUT 15,32,5, [148, "INITIALIZING...." ]
MAIN:
OUTPUT 8 'P8 is activity LED indicator
INPUT 7 'Sends SMS by Iridium by pushing button if P7=1
INPUT 6 'Sends SMS periodically if P6 = 1
'Get Position and validation from NMEA strings $GPRMC, $PGRMZ (GARMIN) and $GPGSA
'GPS is connected to P0 and VSS RS232 Pin 2 and 5, respectively
SERIN 0,16572, [WAIT( "$GPGSA" ), SKIP 3,SAT]
IF (SAT = 1) THEN NoFix:
SERIN 0,16572,1000, NoFix,[ WAIT ( "$GPRMC" ),TMP,STR T\4, SKIP 3,
DEC4 LATDEG,TMP, DEC4 LATDEC,TMP,DIRLAT,TMP, DEC5 LONDEG,TMP,
DEC4 LONDEC,TMP,DIRLON,TMP, DEC3 SPD,TMP,TMP,TMP, DEC3 CRS]
IF T(0) = "," THEN NoFix:
SERIN 0,16572,1000, NoFix, [ WAIT ( "$PGRMZ" ),TMP, DEC5 ALT]
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‘Show GPS information on LCD
SEROUT 15,32,5,[12, DEC4 LATDEG, "." , DEC4 LATDEC,DIRLAT, " " ,T(0),T(1), ":" ,T(2),T(3)]
SEROUT 15,32,5,[148, DEC5 LONDEG, "." , DEC4 LONDEC,DIRLON, " C" , DEC3 C]
‘Checks status of interval switch and push button
IF (IN7 = 0) AND (D=0) THEN co:
‘START OF SMS MESSAGE (P7 or P6 HIGH)
SEROUT 15,32,25,[12, "SMS GPS DATA..." ]
I_Modem: ‘Initialize Iridium modem
OUT8 = 1 ‘Activity LED on
PAUSE 250
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ "AT" , CR]
SERIN 3,16416,2500,Error,[ WAIT ( "OK" )]
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ "AT &F &C1" , CR]
SERIN 3,16416,2500,Error,[ WAIT ( "OK" )]
'Set modem to PDU mode
SEROUT 1, 16416,25, [ "AT+CMGF=0" , CR]
SERIN 3, 16416,2500,Error,[ WAIT ( "OK" )]
‘Set total length of SMS to 79 octets
SEROUT 1,16416,25, [ "AT+CMGS=79" , CR]
'SMS header and phone numbers to call (8 octets)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ "00110002912a0000AA" ]
'Number of characters in message to send Hex 50 = 80 Dec (1 octet)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ "50" ]
'Email and Identifier: [email protected] STRK 001$13$10' (21 octets)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ "747978BC06D4DDE9B9CBFD064DA9D22508068B3514" ]
‘Convert rest of message to 7 PDU blocks of data (497bits octets)
‘Each block contains 8 septets shifted to 7 bit octets.
'(1) Time string to PDU format
PDU=(T(1) << 7)+(T(0) >> 0)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(T(2) << 6)+(T(1) >> 1)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(T(3) << 5)+(T(2) >> 2)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=( "U" << 4)+(T(3) >> 3)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=( "T" << 3)+( "U" >> 4)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(13 << 2)+( "T" >> 5)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(10 << 1)+(13 >> 6)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
'(2&3) Convert latitude to PDU
PDU=(32 << 7)+(DIRLAT >> 0)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((LATDEG DIG 3) + 48) << 6)+(32 >> 1)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((LATDEG DIG 2) + 48) << 5)+(((LATDEG DIG 3) + 48) >> 2)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(32 << 4)+(((LATDEG DIG 2) + 48) >> 3)
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F. Sigernes and J. Holmes, Transmitting GPS position by an Iridium phone
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((LATDEG DIG 1) + 48) << 3)+(32 >> 4)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((LATDEG DIG 0) + 48) << 2)+(((LATDEG DIG 1) + 48) >> 5)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(32 << 1)+(((LATDEG DIG 0) + 48 ) >> 6)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((LATDEC DIG 2) + 48) << 7)+(((LATDEC DIG 3) + 48) >> 0)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((LATDEC DIG 1) + 48) << 6)+(((LATDEC DIG 2) + 48) >> 1)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((LATDEC DIG 0) + 48) << 5)+(((LATDEC DIG 1) + 48) >> 2)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(32 << 4)+(((LATDEC DIG 0) + 48) >> 3)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(32 << 3)+(32 >> 4)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(13 << 2)+(32 >> 5)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(10 << 1)+(13 >> 6)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
'(4&5) Convert longitude to PDU
PDU=(32 << 7)+(DIRLON >> 0)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((LONDEG DIG 4) + 48) << 6)+(32 >> 1)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((LONDEG DIG 3) + 48) << 5)+(((LONDEG DIG 4) + 48) >> 2)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((LONDEG DIG 2) + 48) << 4)+(((LONDEG DIG 3) + 48) >> 3)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(32 << 3)+(((LONDEG DIG 2) + 48) >> 4)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((LONDEG DIG 1) + 48) << 2)+(32 >> 5)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((LONDEG DIG 0) + 48) << 1)+(((LONDEG DIG 1) + 48) >> 6)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((LONDEC DIG 3) + 48) << 7)+(32 >> 0)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((LONDEC DIG 2) + 48) << 6)+(((LONDEC DIG 3) + 48) >> 1)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((LONDEC DIG 1) + 48) << 5)+(((LONDEC DIG 2) + 48) >> 2)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((LONDEC DIG 0) + 48) << 4)+(((LONDEC DIG 1) + 48) >> 3)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(32 << 3)+(((LONDEC DIG 0) + 48) >> 4)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(13 << 2)+(32 >> 5)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(10 << 1)+(13 >> 6)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
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F. Sigernes and J. Holmes, Transmitting GPS position by an Iridium phone
'(6) Speed and Course to PDU
PDU=(((SPD DIG 1) + 48) << 7)+(((SPD DIG 2) + 48) >> 0)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((SPD DIG 0) + 48) << 6)+(((SPD DIG 1) + 48) >> 1)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(32 << 5)+(((SPD DIG 0) + 48) >> 2)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((CRS DIG 2) + 48) << 4)+(32 >> 3)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((CRS DIG 1) + 48) << 3)+(((CRS DIG 2) + 48) >> 4)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((CRS DIG 0) + 48) << 2)+(((CRS DIG 1) + 48) >> 5)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(32 << 1)+(((CRS DIG 0) + 48) >> 6)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
'(7) Convert altitude to PDU
PDU=(((ALT DIG 3) + 48) << 7)+(((ALT DIG 4) + 48) >> 0)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((ALT DIG 2) + 48) << 6)+(((ALT DIG 3) + 48) >> 1)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((ALT DIG 1) + 48) << 5)+(((ALT DIG 2) + 48) >> 2)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(((ALT DIG 0) + 48) << 4)+(((ALT DIG 1) + 48) >> 3)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(32 << 3)+(((ALT DIG 0) + 48) >> 4)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(13 << 2)+(32 >> 5)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PDU=(10 << 1)+(13 >> 6)
SEROUT 1,16416,25,[ HEX2 PDU]
PAUSE 2500
SEROUT 1,16416,25, [26] 'Equivalent to CTRL + Z in ASCII
‘At this point the SMS message has been sent out!
SEROUT 15,32,5,[148, "DONE" ]
OUT8 = 0 ‘Activity LED off
D=0
C=0
GOTO co
‘END OF SMS MESSAGE
Error:
PAUSE 1000
GOTO I_Modem
NoFix:
SEROUT 15,32,5,[12, "SMS GPSIRIDIUM!" ]
SEROUT 15,32,5,[148, "STATUS:NO GPS " , STR SAT\1]
co:
IF C<20 THEN go
C=0
IF IN6 = 0 THEN SK
D=1
SK:
go:
C=C+1
GOTO MAIN ‘END
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Terms and Abbreviations
AT Commands
A group of commands that can be sent by a terminal or host computer to control a
modem in Command mode
GPS
Global Position System
NMEA
National Marine Electronics Association
PDU
Protocol Description Unit
SMS
Short Message Service
SMSC
Short Message Service Center
Parallax, Inc
599 Menlo Drive
Suite 100
Rocklin, California 95765
USA
Web: http://www.parallax.com
Useful links
1) Lars Pettersson, “SMS and the PDU format”,
http://www.dreamfabric.com/sms/
2) SwenPeter Ekkebus, “SMSPDU Converter”,
http://home.student.utwente.nl/s.p.ekkebus/portfolio/resource/sms_pdu.html
3) The National Marine Electronics Association,
http://www.nmea.org/
4) The Basic AT Command reference,
http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/~mcba/iridium/Motorola_AT_Command_Set.pdf
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