OPTIMAL MESH STRESS COMPUTATIONS

USING BFS & ACM CLASSICAL PLATE BENDING ELEMENTS

R.MURALIKRISHNA

Engineering Analysis Centre of Excellence Pvt. Ltd.

Ph.D Scholar, C-MMACS

January 17, 2002

 OUTLINE

ØINTRODUCTION TO FEA OF PLATE BENDING PROBLEMS

ØFORMULATIONS FOR BFS/ACM ELEMENTS

ØBENCHMARKING BFS/ACM ELEMENTS

ØBENDING MOMENTS & SHEAR FORCES IN A CANTILEVER

ØOPTIMAL MESH FOR LINEAR VARYING LOAD

ØCONCLUSIONS
 PLATE BENDING PROBLEMS

STRAIN ENERGY DUE TO BENDING ALONE IS CONSIDERED

HIGHEST DERIVATIVE IN STRAIN ENERGY EXPANSION IS

SECOND ORDER

ANALYSIS OF THIN PLATE BENDING PROBLEMS REQUIRES

C1 CONTINUITY

DISPLACEMENTS AND FIRST DERIVATIVES OF DISPLACEMENT

NEED TO BE CONTINUOUS
 PLATE BENDING PROBLEMS - FORMULATION

STRAIN - DISPLACEMENT RELATION

(CURVATURE - DISPLACEMENT RELATION)

χXX = ∂2W / ∂X2 CONSTITUTIVE RELATION

χYY = ∂ 2W /∂ Y2
σXX = E/(1-νν2) [εXX + ν εYY]

σYY = E/(1- ν2) [εYY + ν εXX]

χXY = -2.0 ∂2W/ ∂X ∂Y
τYY ν) γXY ]
ν2) [ 2(1-ν
= E/(1-ν

εXX = -Z χXX

εYY = -Z χYY
σ = Dε
ε = BW
γXY = -Z χXY
K= BT D B
 Selection of polynomial terms from Pascal’s Triangle

1
X Y
X2 XY Y2
X3 X2Y XY2 Y3
X4 X 3Y X2Y2 XY3 Y4
X5 X 4Y X3Y2 X2Y 3 XY4 Y5
X6 X 5Y X4Y 2 X 3Y3 X 2Y4 XY5 Y6

Blue represents terms of ACM element

Brown represents additional terms of BFS element
 A RECTANGULAR PLATE BENDING ELEMENT

4 3

by

w
∂w/ ∂x
∂w/ ∂y 1 2
∂2w/ ∂x ∂y
ax
 INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS

w = N1q1 + N2q2 + N3q3 + N4q4 + ………………..+ N12q12

Where, q1, q2, q3, q4 are the nodal degrees of freedom at node 1, and so on

N1 = 2.0*(y-1.0)*(x-1.0)*(0.5*(1.0+x+y)-x*x-y*y)
N2 = -1.0*ax*(y-1.0)*(x-1.0)*(x-1.0)*x
N3 = -1.0*by*(y-1.0)*(y-1.0)*(x-1.0)*y
N4 = 2.0*(y-1.0)*x*(y*y+x*x-1.5*x-0.5*y)
N5 = -1.0*ax*(y-1.0)*x*x*(x-1.0)
N6 = by*(y-1.0)*(y-1.0)*x*y
N7 = 2.0*x*y*(-1.0*y*y-1.0*x*x-0.5+1.5*(x+y))
N8 = ax*y*x*x*(x-1.0)
N9 = by*y*y*x*(y-1.0)
N10 = 2.0*y*(x-1.0)*(y*y+x*x-0.5*x-1.5*y)
N11 = ax*y*x*(x-1.0)*(x-1.0)
N12 = -1.0*by*y*y*(x-1.0)*(y-1.0)
 INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS

w = N1q1 + N2q2 + N3q3 + N4q4 + ………………..+ N16q16

Where, q1, q2, q3, q4 are the nodal degrees of freedom at node 1, and so on

In case of BFS Element, N1,N2…….N16 are the Hermitian Polynomials

N1 = f1(x)*f1(y) N9 = f2(x)*f2(y) f1(x) = 1.0 - 3.0*(x**2)+2.0*(x**3)

N2 = ax*g1(x)*f1(y) N10 = ax*g2(x)*f2(y) f2(x) = 3.0*(x**2)-2.0*(x**3)

N11 = by*f2(x)*g2(y) g1(x) = x-2.0*(x**2)+(x**3)
N3 = by*f1(x)*g1(y)
N12 = ax*by*g2(x)*g2(y) g2(x) = (x**3) - (x**2)
N4 = ax*by*g1(x)*g1(y)
N13 = f1(x)*f2(y)
N5 = f2(x)*f1(y) N14 = ax*g1(x)*f2(y)
N6 = ax*g2(x)*f1(y)
N15 = by*f1(x)*g2(y)
N7 = by*f2(x)*g1(y)

N8 = ax*by*g2(x)*g1(y) N16 = ax*by*g1(x)*g2(y)

 COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS

•GAUSSIAN QUADRATURE USED IN NUMERICAL INTEGRATION

•4X4 RULE EMPLOYED FOR BFS ELEMENTS

•3X3 RULE EMPLOYED FOR ACM ELEMENTS

•GLOBAL STIFFNESS MATRIX ASSEMBELED FULLY

•GAUSS ELIMINATION METHOD USED SOLVING DISPLACEMENTS

A simply supported rectangular plate
 ONE QUADRANT OF PLATE

Y=b

X=0 X=a

Y=0

• on the line Y = 0, ∂w/∂y = 0, ∂2w/∂x∂y = 0

• on the line X = 0, ∂w/∂x = 0, ∂2w/∂x∂y = 0
• on the line Y = b, w = 0, ∂w/∂x = 0
4. on the line X = a, w = 0, ∂w/∂y = 0
1X1 Mesh 2X2 Mesh

3X3 Mesh 4X4 Mesh

 DEFLECTION AT CENTRE OF PLATE

Simply supported plate with uniform load

Mesh ACM BFS
1X1 7.077191E-04 5.762548E-04
2X2 6.049783E-04 5.682349E-04
3X3 5.844279E-04 5.678972E-04
4X4 5.771747E-04 5.678436E-04
8X8 5.701606E-04 5.678209E-04
Theory 5.674906E-04 5.674906E-04
CONVERGENCE RATES OF BFS & ACM ELEMENTS

Variation of log ([e]) vs log(h), for SS plate with uniform load

ACM Element
3
BFS Element

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
log (h)
e = (w fem /wtheory ) - 1
 DEFLECTION AT CENTRE OF PLATE

Simply supported plate with point load

Mesh ACM BFS
1X1 4.816715E-03 3.871075E-03
2X2 4.307630E-03 4.008566E-03
4X4 4.133363E-03 4.042570E-03
8X8 4.077750E-03 4.050995E-03
Theory 4.053504E-03 4.053504E-03
 DEFLECTION AT CENTRE OF PLATE

Clamped plate with uniform load

Mesh ACM BFS
1X1 2.068182E-04 1.851744E-04
2X2 1.961535E-04 1.767982E-04
3X3 1.862282E-04 1.768276E-04
4X4 1.822605E-04 1.772870E-04
8X8 1.782395E-04 1.769812E-04
Theory 1.761178E-04 1.761178E-04
 DEFLECTION AT CENTRE OF PLATE

Clamped plate with point load

Mesh ACM BFS
1X1 2.068182E-03 1.851744E-03
2X2 2.143625E-03 1.916443E-03
4X4 2.027652E-03 1.952657E-03
8X8 1.982074E-03 1.959064E-03
Theory 1.956864E-03 1.956864E-03
CANTILEVER PROBLEM DEFINITION

Length = 10, Thickness = 1, Width = 1

 Variation of Mx along Length, for uniform load

60

50

40

30
Theory
Mx

20 BFS,1X1
Predicted
10

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-10

-20

Normalised Length
Assume that the Best-fit curve is given by Ax +B

E = [ - wx2/2 – (Ax+B) ]2 dx

∂ E/∂
∂A = 0, and ∂ E/∂
∂B = 0

A = -1/2, B = 1/12
 Variation of Mx along Length, for linearly varying load

20

15

10
Theory
Mx

BFS,1X1

5 Predicted

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

-5

Normalised Length
For Linear Varying Load

Assume that the Best-fit curve is given by Cx +D

E = [ - wx3/6 – (Cx+D) ]2 dx

∂ E/∂
∂C = 0, and ∂ E/∂
∂D = 0

C = -3/20, D = 1/30
q

L1 L2

CANTILEVER WITH 2X1 MESH

 Variation of Strain Energy with position of second node

12

11.9

11.8
Strain Energy

11.7

11.6 2X1 Mesh

11.5 Theory

11.4

11.3

11.2

11.1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Position of second node

 Variation of Strain Energy w.r.t position of second node

11.85

x=4.070
11.848

11.846
Strain Energy

11.844
2X1 Mesh
11.842

11.84

Theoretical Strain Energy = 11.90476

11.838

11.836
3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5

Position of second node, along length

Variation of Strain Energy w.r.t Node Location, 3X1 Mesh
Location of Node-2 Location of Node-3 Strain Energy (FEM) %Difference
0.1 0.2 11.68 -1.887984
0.1 0.3 11.8156 -0.748944
0.1 0.4 11.869 -0.300384
0.1 0.5 11.8754 -0.246624
0.1 0.6 11.8477 -0.479304
0.1 0.7 11.787 -0.989184
0.1 0.8 11.6904 -1.800624
0.1 0.9 11.5571 -2.920344
0.2 0.3 11.8154 -0.750624
0.2 0.4 11.873 -0.266784
0.2 0.5 11.891 -0.115584
0.2 0.6 11.8865 -0.153384
0.2 0.7 11.8638 -0.344064
0.2 0.8 11.8218 -0.696864
0.2 0.9 11.7594 -1.221024
0.3 0.4 11.8674 -0.313824
0.3 0.5 11.8886 -0.135744
0.3 0.6 11.8926 -0.102144
0.3 0.7 11.8865 -0.153384
0.3 0.8 11.8708 -0.285264
0.3 0.9 11.8448 -0.503664
0.4 0.5 11.869 -0.300384
0.4 0.6 11.8753 -0.247464
0.4 0.7 11.8751 -0.249144
0.4 0.8 11.8705 -0.287784
0.4 0.9 11.8612 -0.365904
0.5 0.6 11.8295 -0.632184
0.5 0.7 11.8308 -0.621264
0.5 0.8 11.83 -0.627984
0.5 0.9 11.8274 -0.649824
0.6 0.7 11.7449 -1.342824
0.6 0.8 11.745 -1.341984
0.6 0.9 11.7445 -1.346184
0.7 0.8 11.6064 -2.506224
0.7 0.9 11.6064 -2.506224
0.8 0.9 11.407 -4.181185
0.256 0.56 11.89405683 -0.089907
0.2585 0.56 11.89406281 -0.089856
Theoretical Strain Energy = 11.90476
 Residual Bending Moment at Interface of two elements

0.4

0.3

0.2
Bending Moment

4.070
0.1
2X1 Mesh
0
3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

Position of second node, along length

 BENDING MOMENTS AT INTERFACE & RBM

Bending Moment in Element-1,Node-2 -(wL2/L)*( L1*L1/12) – (wL1/L)*(L1*L1/30)

Bending Moment in Element-2,Node-1 (wL2/L)*(L2*L2/20)

-(wL2/L) * (L1*L1/12) – (wL1/L)*(L1*L1/30) + (wL2/L)*(L2*L2/20)

L1 + L2 = L

L1 = 4.0692967
L1 L2 L3

CANTILEVER WITH 3X1 MESH

 BENDING MOMENTS AT INTERFACE & RBM

(wL3/L)*(L3*L3/20) = (wL3/L)*(L2*L2/12) + (wL2/L)*(L2*L2)/30

(wL3/L)*(L2*L2/12) + (wL2/L)*(L2*L2)/20 =
(wL3/L)*(L1*L1/12)+(wL2/L)*(L1*L1/12) + (wL1/L)*(L1*L1)/30

L1 + L2 + L3 = L

L1 = 2.586018, L2=3.016969 and L3 = 4.397013

NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD OF SOLVING NONLINEAR EQUATIONS

r(x,y,z) = 0
s(x,y,z) = 0
t(x,y,z) = 0

(xk+1 – xk)rx(xk,yk,zk)+(yk+1 – yk)sx(xk,yk,zk)+(zk+1 –zk)tx(xk,yk,zk)=-r(xk,yk,zk)

(xk+1 – xk)ry(xk,yk,zk)+(yk+1 – yk)sy(xk,yk,zk)+(zk+1 –zk)ty(xk,yk,zk)=-s(xk,yk,zk)

(xk+1 – xk)rz(xk,yk,zk)+(yk+1 – yk)sz(xk,yk,zk)+(zk+1 –zk)tz(xk,yk,zk)=-t(xk,yk,zk)

 CONCLUSIONS

ü BFS & ACM PLATE BENDING ELEMENTS FORMULATED

ü RESULTS BENCHMARKED

ü BENDING MOMENTS COMPUTED FROM FE SOLUTION &

SHOWN TO BE BEST FIT OF EXACT SOLUTION

ü OPTIMAL MESH FOUND FOR CANTILEVER WITH LINEAR

VARYING TRANSVERSE LOAD

ü METHOD PROPOSED FOR DETERMING a priori OPTIMAL MESH

BASED ON RESIDUAL BENDING MOMENT

ü NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD DEVELOPED FOR SOLVING

NONLINEAR EQUATIONS