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Brain Drain From Pakistan

It simply defines the mass emigration of technically skilled people from Pakistan to another country. Brain-drain is also termed as “human capital flight” because it resembles the case of capital flight. The term originated about 1960 and now Its meaning has broadened into: the departure of educated or professional people from one country.

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Hira Noor
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5K views17 pages

Brain Drain From Pakistan

It simply defines the mass emigration of technically skilled people from Pakistan to another country. Brain-drain is also termed as “human capital flight” because it resembles the case of capital flight. The term originated about 1960 and now Its meaning has broadened into: the departure of educated or professional people from one country.

Uploaded by

Hira Noor
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BRAIN DRAIN FROM PAKISTAN

HIRA NOOR
ZOHA NAEEM
SAMEER AHAD HAQ
CONTENTS
• What is Brain Drain
• History of brain drain
• Reasons for brain drain
• Brain drain in Pakistan
• Reasons of brain drain from Pakistan
• Effects of brain drain
Positive effects
Negative effects
• Measures to stop brain drain
• Conclusion
WHAT IS BRAIN DRAIN?
• The loss of skilled, intellectual and technical labour through
their movement to more favourable geographic, economic, or
professional environments.

• It can be simply defined as the mass emigration of technically


skilled people from one country to another country.

• Brain-drain is also termed as “human capital flight” because it


resembles the case of capital flight.
HISTORY OF BRAIN
DRAIN
• The term originated about 1960.

• In 1960, many British scientists


and intellectuals emigrated to the Neil Bohr

United States for a better working


climate.

• Its meaning has broadened into:


the departure of educated or
professional people from one
country. Albert Einstein
WHY BRAIN DRAINS?

• Lack of better opportunity


• Political instability
• Health risks
• Personal conflicts
• Poor Conditions of Service
• Disregard for Local Talent
• Economic under development.
WHY BRAIN DRAINS?

• Lack of research and other facilities


• Lack of freedom
• Poor working facilities
• Unsuitable institution.
• Desire for a better urban life
• Desire for higher qualification and recognition

• Lack of satisfactory working conditions.


BRAIN DRAIN FROM
PAKISTAN

• Started in 70’s after economic market reforms.

• Pakistan and Philippines are the main countries of the origin of brain
drain. (UNESCO)

• Nearly six million have left the country for good.

• Even unskilled people are trying to leave.

• Frustrated villagers use illegal tracks to go abroad.


BRAIN DRAIN FROM PAKISTAN

• According to Pakistan's Overseas Employment Corporation,


close to 36,000 professionals (reg.) have migrated to other
countries in the last 30 years.

• This number in recent years had increased to around 45,000.

• 85,668 students have moved from Pakistan for their studies.


(OECD)

• This estimate makes Pakistan the 4th most effected country by


brain drain.
REASONS FOR BRAIN
DRAIN

• Europe as “GREEN PASTURES” for doctors


• Lack of variety in specializations
• Disregard for local degrees
• Lack of job opportunities
• Merit systems
• Lack of infrastructure
• High corporate tax rate
REASONS FOR BRAIN
DRAIN
• Lack of scientific tradition and culture

• Over production and under utilization of HQM.

• Discrimination in appointment and promotion.

• Lack of research and other facilities

• Income inequalities

• Ten times more earning than home country.


POSITIVE EFFECTS
• Receiving of millions of dollars in shape of remittance
sent back to Pakistan every year.

• Creating space for freshmen here.

• Population decrease.

• People bring technology, skills and new ideas from


abroad.

• Higher rate of people starting capital intensive enterprises.


POSITIVE EFFECTS
• Money remittance has reduced the severity of
poverty to some extent.

• Money sent are invested in education, housing


and health.

• Improved quality of education by insuring


international standards and training.

• Improved competitiveness in home country as


international degrees are held in higher esteem.
NEGATIVE EFFECTS
• The loss of high quality manpower.

• Huge loss of foreign exchange due to


hiring of foreign experts.

• Government spends billions of rupees


for education of experts.

• Rampant corruption, poor


administrations, lack of motivation
and fast diminishing nationalism.
• Loss of Health Services.
MEASURES TAKEN

• National Research Program for Universities


(NRPU)
• TTU performance based pay system by HEC

• Foreign faculty members of Pakistani origin are


encouraged to come and transfer their expertise

• Transfer of knowledge through expatriate


nationals (TOKTEN) (UNDP)
• Initiative for 11 foreign universities
MEASURES TO STOP BRAIN
DRAIN
• Delaying emigration
For example :
Doctors may be asked to stay on for some years.

• Tax proposals
For example :

Native professionals pay a percent of income earning abroad.

• Fix govt. policies


MEASURES TO STOP BRAIN
DRAIN
• HEC
Build more new universities
Conduct evening classes in all campuses.

• PIA should allow a 50% discount for all Pakistani


students on international routes.

• Entering into international agreements


For not to recruit skilled people from
developing countries.
CONCLUSION

• Our leaders often deliver lengthy speeches but no worthy


positive steps have been taken.

• Our government has not even asked Pakistani professionals to


return back and serve their country.

“Reversing the brain drain is a key priority for us.”

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