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Vaernier Calliper

The document summarizes the construction and use of a vernier caliper. It describes the main scale, vernier scale, jaws, and how to calculate the least count of 0.1 mm or 0.01 cm. It explains positive and negative zero errors that can occur if the zero marks do not coincide and how to correct for them. To take a measurement, the object is placed between the jaws and the reading is determined by adding the coinciding vernier and main scale divisions multiplied by the least count.

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Waseem Ahmed
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298 views2 pages

Vaernier Calliper

The document summarizes the construction and use of a vernier caliper. It describes the main scale, vernier scale, jaws, and how to calculate the least count of 0.1 mm or 0.01 cm. It explains positive and negative zero errors that can occur if the zero marks do not coincide and how to correct for them. To take a measurement, the object is placed between the jaws and the reading is determined by adding the coinciding vernier and main scale divisions multiplied by the least count.

Uploaded by

Waseem Ahmed
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Construction of Vernier Calliper

Vernier caliper is a measuring device used to measure precise increments between two points.

• Main Scale;
Main scale is graduated in cm and mm.

• Vernier Scale;
It slides on the main scale.
On Vernier scale 0.9cm is divided into 10 equal parts.

• Jaws;
Two inside jaws (Upper)
Two outside jaws (Lower)
• Least Count:
Least count (L.C) is the smallest reading we can measure with the instrument.
L.C = one main scale division – one vernier scale division
L.C = 1mm – 0.09mm
= 0.1 mm
= 0.01 cm

Zero Error in Vernier Calliper


When the jaws are closed, the vernier zero mark coincides with the zero mark on its fixed main scale.
Before taking any reading it is good practice to close the jaws or faces of the instrument to make sure it is
reading zero. If not then note the reading. This reading is called “zero error”. The zero error is of two types
(i) positive zero error and (ii) negative zero error.

Positive Zero Error


If the zero on the vernier scale is to the right of the main scale, then the error is said to be positive zero error
and so the zero correction should be subtracted from the reading which is measured.

Negative Zero Error


If the zero on the vernier scale is to the left of the main scale, then the error is said to be negative zero error
and so the zero correction should be added from the reading which is measured.

ReadingVernier Calliper
The Vernier calliper consists of a main scale fitted with
a jaw at one end. Another jaw, containing the vernier
scale, moves over the main scale. When the two jaws
are in contact, the zero of the main scale and the zero
of the vernier scale should coincide. If both the zeros
do not coincide, there will be a positive or negative
zero error.

After calculating the least count place the object between

the two jaws.

1
Record the position of zero of the vernier scale on the
main scale (3.2 cm in figure below).

You will notice that one of the vernier scale divisions coincides with one of the main scale divisions. (In the
illustration, 3rd division on the vernier coincides with a MS division).

Reading of the instrument = MS div + (coinciding VS div x L.C.)

= 3.2 + (3 x 0.01)

= 3.2 + 0.03

= 3.23 cm

To measure the inner and outer diameter of a


hollow cylinder or ring, inner and oute
r callipers are used. Take measurements by
the two methods as shown in figure below.

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