Scribd
Upload
164 views8 pages

Temperature and Volume Relationship

The document discusses the relationship between temperature and volume for gases. It explains that [1] gases shrink when cooled and expand when heated, following Charles's Law which states that the volume of a gas increases proportionally with temperature when pressure is kept constant. [2] It introduces the Kelvin temperature scale, which sets absolute zero at 0 K or -273°C, where molecular movement stops. [3] Examples are provided to demonstrate how to use Charles's Law to calculate the volume of a gas at different temperatures.

Uploaded by

thendering
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
164 views8 pages

Temperature and Volume Relationship

The document discusses the relationship between temperature and volume for gases. It explains that [1] gases shrink when cooled and expand when heated, following Charles's Law which states that the volume of a gas increases proportionally with temperature when pressure is kept constant. [2] It introduces the Kelvin temperature scale, which sets absolute zero at 0 K or -273°C, where molecular movement stops. [3] Examples are provided to demonstrate how to use Charles's Law to calculate the volume of a gas at different temperatures.

Uploaded by

thendering
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

The relationship between temperature and volume

How Volume Varies With Temperature


If we place a balloon in liquid nitrogen it shrinks: So, gases shrink if cooled. Conversely, if we heat a gas it expands (as in a hot air balloon). Lets take a closer look at temperature before we try to find the exact relationship of V vs. T.

Temperature scales
Is 20C twice as hot as 10C? Is 20 kg twice as heavy as 10 kg?

No. 68F (20C) is not double 50F (10C)

Yes. 44 lb (20 kg) is double 22 lb (10 kg) Whats the difference? Weights (kg or lb) have a minimum value of 0. But the smallest temperature is not 0C. We saw that doubling P yields half the V. Yet, to investigate the effect of doubling temperature, we first have to know what that means. An experiment with a fixed volume of gas in a cylinder will reveal the relationship of V vs. T

Temperature vs. Volume Graph (fig.7,8 pg.430)


30 25 20 15 10 5 273 0 Temperature (C) 100

Volume (mL)

If a volume vs. temperature graph is plotted for gases, most lines can be interpolated so that when volume is 0 the temperature is -273 C. Naturally, gases dont really reach a 0 volume, but the spaces between molecules approach 0. At this point all molecular movement stops. 273C is known as absolute zero (no EK) Lord Kelvin suggested that a reasonable temperature scale should start at a true zero value. He kept the convenient units of C, but started at absolute zero. Thus, K = C + 273. 62C = ? K: K=C+273 = 62 + 273 = 335 K Notice that kelvin is represented as K not K.

The Kelvin Temperature Scale

Kelvin Practice
What is the approximate temperature for absolute zero in degrees Celsius and kelvin? Absolute zero is 273C or 0 K Calculate the missing temperatures 273 373 0C = _______ K 100C = _______ K 173 243 100 K = _______ C 30C = _______ K 27 300 K = _______ C 298 25C = _______ K 130 403 K = _______ C 273 0K = _______ C

Charless Law
Looking back at the temperature vs. volume graph, notice that there is a direct relationship. It can be shown that V/T = constant Read pages 432-3. Answer these questions: 1. Give Charless law in words & as an equation. Charless Law: as the temperature of a gas increases, the volume increases proportionally, provided that the pressure and amount of gas remain constant, V1/T1 = V2/T2

2. A sample of gas occupies 3.5 L at 300 K. What volume will it occupy at 200 K?

V1 = 3.5 L, T1 = 300K, V2 = ?, T2 = 200K Using Charles law: V1/T1 = V2/T2 3.5 L / 300 K = V2 / 200 K V2 = (3.5 L/300 K) x (200 K) = 2.3 L 3. If a 1 L balloon is heated from 22C to 100C, what will its new volume be? V1 = 1 L, T1 = 22C = 295 K V2 = ?, T2 = 100 C = 373 K V1/T1 = V2/T2, 1 L / 295 K = V2 / 373 K V2 = (1 L/295 K) x (373 K) = 1.26 L 4. Do questions 16, 17, 19 on page 434

For more lessons, visit www.chalkbored.com

You might also like