Wireless Control That Simply Works

ZigBee Tutorial

Abhiman Hande Research Associate University of Texas Dallas

September 26, 2005

ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works

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Wireless Control That Simply Works

Todays Wireless Themes

Ubiquitous communication with focus on interoperability, plug-and-play, self-organizing networks, and low power High quality AV streaming Bits/Hz/watt Positioning & Location

ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works

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Wireless Control That Simply Works

The 802 Wireless Space

IEEE 802.22 IEEE 802.20

WWAN

Range

WMAN

WiMax IEEE 802.16 WiFi 802.11

WLAN
ZigBee 802.15.4 Bluetooth 802.15.1

WPAN 0.01

802.15.3 802.15.3a 802.15.3c 100 1000

0.1

1 10 Data Rate (Mbps)

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802.15.4 Application Space

Sensors & Controls:
Home Automation Industrial Automation Remote Metering Automotive Networks Interactive Toys Medical

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Sensor/Control Network Requirements

Large networks (large number of devices and large coverage area) that can form autonomously and that will operate very reliably for years without any operator intervention Very long battery life (years off of a AA cell), very low infrastructure cost (low device & setup costs) and very low complexity and small size Device data rate and QoS needs are low Standardized protocols are necessary to allow multiple vendors to interoperate
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ZigBee Alliance

Needed an organization with a mission to define a complete open global standard for reliable, costeffective, low-power, wirelessly networked products addressing monitoring and control Alliance provides upper layer stack and application profiles compliance and certification testing branding Result is a set of recognizable, interoperable solutions
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works

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ZigBee Standard Promoters

Eight promoter companies

Chipcon, Ember, Freescale, Honeywell, Mitsubishi, Motorola, Philips and Samsung

A rapidly growing list (now over 175) of industry leaders from 29 countries spanning 6 continents committed to providing ZigBee-compliant products and solutions
Companies include chip suppliers, wireless IP providers, OEMs, test equipment manufacturers and end users

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The ZigBee Platform

Public Application Profile

Certified Product

ZigBee Stack

IEEE 802.15.4

Compliant Platform

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The ZigBee Platform

Private Application Profile

ZigBee Stack

IEEE 802.15.4

Compliant Platform

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Basic Radio Characteristics

Wireless Control That Simply Works

ZigBee technology relies upon IEEE 802.15.4, which has excellent performance in low SNR environments

ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works

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Basic Network Characteristics

Wireless Control That Simply Works

65,536 network (client) nodes Optimized for timing-critical applications and power management Time to Join Network: <30ms Sleeping to active: <15ms Channel access time: <15ms Full Mesh Networking Support

Network coordinator Full Function node Reduced Function node Communications flow Virtual links

ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works

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ZigBee Mesh Networking

ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works

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Wireless Control That Simply Works

ZigBee Mesh Networking

ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works

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Wireless Control That Simply Works

ZigBee Mesh Networking

ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works

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Wireless Control That Simply Works

ZigBee Mesh Networking

ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works

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ZigBee Mesh Networking

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ZigBee Network Topologies

Mesh

Star

Cluster Tree

PAN coordinator Full Function Device Reduced Function Device

ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works

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ZigBee Device Types

ZigBee Coordinator (ZC)

One and only one required for each ZB network. Initiates network formation. Acts as 802.15.4 2003 PAN coordinator (FFD). May act as router once network is formed.

ZigBee Router (ZR)

Optional network component. May associate with ZC or with previously associated ZR. Acts as 802.15.4 2003 coordinator (FFD). Participates in multihop routing of messages.

ZigBee End Device (ZED)

Optional network component. Shall not allow association. Shall not participate in routing.
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Network Structure

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Wireless Control That Simply Works

Network Structure

ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works

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Network Structure

ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works

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Zigbee Protocol Stack

APL APS NWK MAC and PHY

IEEE 802.15.4

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Application Layer

Application Specific Code ZDO defines device function APS handles binding and discovery Initiates and responds to events Network layer security Functions that respond to messages from the system (profiles)

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Network Layer

Dynamically reconfiguring, rearranging, and selfhealing beast Keeps track of nodes joining and leaving the network A coordinator assigns an address to a joining node Frame routing and security functions for frames implemented here

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Medium Access Control Layer

Co-ordinates access to the shared radio link Schedules and routes data frames Uses CSMA-CA to schedule frame transmissions

802.15.4 Data Frame

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Physical Layer

Encodes/decodes bits during transmission/ reception Base-band modem and radio transceiver DSSS modulation technique with OQPSK used Chipping rate = 2 million chips/sec in the 2.4 GHz frequency band

ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works

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Complete Zigbee Node

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ZigBee Channel Access Options

Wireless Control That Simply Works

Two channel access mechanisms:

Non-beacon network A simple, traditional multiple access system used in simple peer and near-peer networks Standard CSMA-CA communications Positive acknowledgement for successfully received packets Beacon-enabled network Superframe structure- network coordinator transmits beacons at predetermined intervals Dedicated bandwidth and low latency Low power consumption mode for coordinator
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Other Benefits of Beacon Mode

Wireless Control That Simply Works

Beacon Mode A very powerful mechanism for controlling power consumption in extended networks like cluster tree or mesh Allows all clients in a local piece of the network the ability to know when to communicate with each other PAN has a coordinator that manages the channel and arranges the calls Significant value will be in system power consumption for networks which are primarily battery powered

ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works

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ZigBee Applications
TV VCR DVD/CD remote

security HVAC AMR lighting control access control

BUILDING AUTOMATION

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

patient monitoring fitness monitoring

ZigBee
PERSONAL HEALTH CARE

Wireless Control that Simply Works

PC & PERIPHERALS

mouse keyboard joystick

asset mgt process control environmental energy mgt

INDUSTRIAL CONTROL

RESIDENTIAL/ LIGHT COMMERCIAL CONTROL

security HVAC lighting control access control lawn & garden irrigation

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ZigBee Highly Reliable

Mesh and tree networking protocol provides redundant paths Automatic retries and acknowledgements Broadcast delivery scheme ensures reliable broadcasts across the network Parents keep track of messages for sleeping children High intrinsic interference tolerance
Multiple channels Frequency agility Robust modulation
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ZigBee Highly Secure

Utilizes AES 128-bit encryption Concept of a trust center Link and network keys Authentication and encryption Security can be customized for the application Keys can be hard-wired into application

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Advantages of ZigBee over proprietary solutions

Wireless Control That Simply Works

Product interoperability Vendor independence Increased product innovation as a result of industry standardization A common platform is more cost effective than creating a new proprietary solution from scratch every time Companies can focus their energies on finding and serving customers
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General Advantages of ZigBee

Wireless Control That Simply Works

Reliable and self healing Supports large number of nodes Easy to deploy Very long battery life Secure Low cost Can be used globally

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More Information

ZigBee Alliance Web Site http://www.ZigBee.org IEEE 802.15 Web Site http://www.ieee802.org/15

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